Names: Carlos Johnny González Chancay.

Josue Abel Bajaña Salazar.

Iesus Rene Dávila Aguilar.

Name of the teacher:

Bryan Joao Puruncajas Maza.

Project – Theorical framework and state of art

Title of the project: Optimization and Simulation of

the Water Bottle Packaging Process.

PAO I 2023 – 2024

Optimization and Simulation of the Water Bottle Packaging Process.

Theorical framework
Water bottlers and bottling machines: These are systems that allow
the entire process of manufacturing bottles with water for commercial
use in the Ecuadorian market. These systems are composed of
different equipment interconnected in series to produce the final
product. There are various brands and models of equipment for this
type of system, which provides options and flexibility in the selection
of equipment used in the production line.

Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS): These are highly automated

and flexible systems that combine machines, equipment, and control
systems to manufacture a wide variety of products efficiently. These
systems are characterized by their ability to quickly adapt to changes
and improvements in production. The machines are interconnected
and centrally controlled, allowing efficient management of operations
within the production line.

Process automation: It consists of speeding up actions within the

production line through the use of intelligent sensors, actuators and
robots. These teams allow a fast, agile and, in many cases, more
economical production. Process automation also implies the
implementation of control systems in real time, which facilitates early
detection of failures and allows efficient production management.

Supply Chain Optimization: Refers to strategies and practices to

improve the efficiency and flow of materials in the bottled water
supply chain, from the acquisition of raw materials to delivery to the
end customer. This implies efficient management of the supply chain,
minimizing costs and delivery times, ensuring product quality and
optimizing logistics processes.
Optimization and Simulation of the Water Bottle Packaging Process.

Inventory management: Includes the methods and tools used to

control and manage the inventory of raw materials, containers, labels
and other components necessary for the production of bottled water.
Efficient inventory management allows avoiding shortages or excess
of materials, optimizing stock levels and guaranteeing a continuous
flow of production.

Energy efficiency: Consists of the implementation of strategies and

technologies to reduce energy consumption in water bottling and
bottling operations. This includes the adoption of energy management
systems, the optimization of processes to reduce energy waste and the
use of efficient energy sources. Energy efficiency is especially
relevant in areas where energy availability is limited.

Production costs: Includes the analysis of the costs involved in the

production of bottled water, such as labor, materials, energy and
maintenance. The optimization of these costs aims to improve the
profitability of the company. Evaluating and controlling production
costs allows you to make informed decisions about future investments
and maintain financial balance.

Environmental sustainability: Consider responsible practices and

environmental measures in the process of packaging and bottling
water. This includes the proper management of waste, the reduction
of carbon emissions, the efficient use of natural resources and the
promotion of sustainable practices. Environmental sustainability is
essential to mitigate environmental impact and contribute to the
protection of the planet.

State of art
Optimization and Simulation of the Water Bottle Packaging Process.

From a global point of view, water becomes a fundamental element in

emergency situations, natural disasters or where the supply of
drinking water has been cut off or is contaminated.
In this section, an exhaustive review of the investigations that talk
about the applications and operations within the water bottling system
is made in order to highlight the absence of information regarding the
application of flexible systems in said systems, showing that methods
are mostly applied in addition to the existing studies on the equipment
and times used in the same

Research consulted

Flexible Manufacturing Systems Applications

According to the studies shown by Yun-Wen Chen, Wei-Hao Su &

Kai-Ying Chen, the advantages of applying an FMS lie in its high
productivity; the ability to switch between accessories and tools saves
a lot of time to restart the machinery and allows to produce various
types of products using the same system (Yun Wen Chen, 2023)

Technology interaction in automation

According to the results delivered by J Coetezer, R B Kuriakose & H

J Vermaak identified among their results the lack of collaborative
decision making in automated systems with the ultimate goal of
suggesting the best method to bridge the gap between autonomous
systems and the workforce. (J Coetzer, 2020)
Optimization and Simulation of the Water Bottle Packaging Process.

Ghana Industry Flexibility Assessment

Taking the data presented by Evans Kyeremeh as a reference, he

mentions that the bottled water industries experience unavoidable
environmental uncertainties through technological transformations
and adjustments, global competition, innovation, increased
demands and customer expectations, showing that the adoption of
flexibility strategies helps companies increase their market share
and growth, and stay in a competitive business. (Kyeremeh, 2019)

Based on the discoveries obtained by the different studies and

subsequent review on the topics of interest for this research, it is
possible to conclude that there is no clear information on the
implementation of flexible systems in the water bottling system since
this is usually implemented in other types of procedures. Additionally,
the exact information on the production, maintenance or transport
times during the bottling process is not known since it is private
information of the company, therefore, since said data is of the utmost
importance for the application of a flexible system, its development
can become very complex
(Yun Wen Chen, 2023)
(J Coetzer, 2020)

(Kyeremeh, 2019)
Optimization and Simulation of the Water Bottle Packaging Process.

Many existing processes in the industry present a sequential evolution

over time; that is to say, the current state in which the process is
depends on the previous state. These processes can be automated
using a programmable controller. Any process that is intended
automate can be broken down for analysis into two parts: an
operational part, which understands the actions that determine the
elements, such as motors valves, etc, and a control part that programs
the necessary sequences for the actuation of the operative part.
[Romero 1996.]
The location of the production lines of the different sectors of a plant,
of its machinery and equipment at workstations, warehouses and other
dependencies the smooth running of a factory. Three basic forms of
distribution are usually identified of plant: those oriented to the
product, those oriented to the process, and the distributions by fixed
position. However, the characteristics of the process make it
convenient to use mixed distributions called hybrid distributions.
It is therefore that a plant distribution is the integration of all the
machinery and facilities of a company in a large operating unit, the
correct distribution will minimize production costs and optimize the
quality of the process. [Cabrera 2004.]
In industry it is rare to find a company that does not use a conveyor
belt, without However, the large users are mainly: the mining
industry, the cement industry. packers, bulk companies, soft drink
companies and all those where the product has to be transported from
one place to another. [Castle 1994]
Conveyor belts are auxiliary elements of different processes, whose
mission is receiving or send a product continuously and regularly to
take it to another desired point.
On the other hand, the conveyor belts are of a great simplicity of
operation that a
Optimization and Simulation of the Water Bottle Packaging Process.

Once installed, they usually give few mechanical and maintenance

problems, they are machines that work by themselves inserted in a
process line and generally do not require no operator who manipulates
directly on them. Since man was a nomad and I need devices that
allow him to move the matching foods such as mammoth as well as
other animals, had to implement a band system for its drag, in the
stage of sedentary lifestyle it had the need to modify that system for
another device which allowed him to transport his food to the villages
for their food supply, which is why I encourage him to replace the
usual processes they used, when we realized that conveyor belts are
useful in the processes to transport a product to a specific point. In the
food industry, a large quantity and diversity of food products is
produced. for distribution and sale in different countries, to ensure
that it complies with all safety and quality requirements. Quality
assurance is based on the use of quality control systems. random
analysis at critical control points. The use of automated systems today
in the industry has accelerated processes and productivity
management of different companies. [Calzada 2005]

Bibliografía
J Coetzer, R. B. (2020). Collaborative Decision-Making for Human-
Technology Interaction - A Case Study Using an Automated
Water Bottling Plant . Obtenido de IOP:
Optimization and Simulation of the Water Bottle Packaging Process.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-
6596/1577/1/012024/pdf
Kyeremeh, E. (4 de August de 2019). An Assessment of Supply
Chain Flexibility in the Bottling Water Industry in Ghana.
Obtenido de ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335669874_An_Asses
sment_of_Supply_Chain_Flexibility_in_the_Bottling_Water_In
dustry_in_Ghana
Yun Wen Chen, W. H. (21 de March de 2023). The Academic
Development Trajectories and Applications of Flexible
Manufacturing Systems Based on Main Path Analysis Method.
Obtenido de MDPI: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-
9717/11/4/1297#:~:text=The%20advantage%20of%20an
%20FMS,in%20the%20development%20of%20FMSs.