Cambridge International AS & A Level

* 3 5 0 8 5 0 7 4 0 9 *

CHEMISTRY 9701/23
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions May/June 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.
● Important values, constants and standards are printed in the question paper.

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (LK/JG) 308408/5
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1 Copper is used in electrical equipment. It has a melting point of 1085 °C.

(a) (i) Identify the lattice structure of copper.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram to show the bonding present in copper.

[1]

(b) The relative isotopic masses and natural abundances of the two isotopes in a sample of
copper are shown in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

isotope relative isotopic mass % abundance

63Cu 62.930 69.15
65Cu 64.928 30.85

(i) Define the unified atomic mass unit.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Define relative atomic mass, Ar , in terms of the unified atomic mass unit.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar , of copper in this sample using the data in
Table 1.1.

Show your working.

Ar = .............................. [1]
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(c) The mass spectrum of a sample of pure copper is shown in Fig. 1.1.

50 46%

40

% abundance 30
23%
21%
20
10%
10

0
31.5 32.5 63 65
m/e

Fig. 1.1

Identify the ion with an abundance of 23% in the sample.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) When KI(aq) is added to CuSO4(aq) the blue-coloured solution turns brown and a white
precipitate of CuI(s) is seen.

The reaction between copper ions and iodide forms only two products.

(i) Complete the equation for this reaction.

............Cu2+ + ...........I– ...........CuI + ...................................

[1]

(ii) Identify the oxidising agent in this reaction. Explain your answer in terms of electron
transfer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the full electronic configuration of Cu2+.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

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2 (a) The reaction of pure aluminium is only observed if the aluminium oxide layer is removed first.
When pure aluminium is added to cold water, bubbles of gas are seen.

(i) State one property of aluminium oxide that explains why an aluminium object does not
react with cold water until the aluminium oxide layer is removed.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write an equation, with state symbols, for the reaction of aluminium oxide with an excess
of NaOH(aq).

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Name one other Period 3 element that also produces bubbles of gas when added to cold
water.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Aluminium nitrate is a white soluble salt. On heating aluminium nitrate, thermal decomposition
occurs and a brown gas is seen.

State the formula of the salt of another element in Period 3 which also decomposes on
heating to produce a brown gas.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Aluminium chloride and phosphorus chloride are both white solids.

(i) State the maximum oxidation number of aluminium and of phosphorus in these solid
chloride salts.

maximum oxidation number of aluminium .............................................

maximum oxidation number of phosphorus ..........................................

[1]

(ii) State why the maximum oxidation number of aluminium is different from that of
phosphorus.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Write an equation for the reaction of solid phosphorus chloride and excess water.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iv) Name the type of reaction that occurs when aluminium chloride is added to water.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Explain why the solution produced after aluminium chloride is added to water has a pH
of 1–2.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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3 A neutralisation reaction occurs when NaOH(aq) is added to H2SO4(aq).

equation 1 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

(a) Define enthalpy change of neutralisation, ∆Hneut .

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) In an experiment, 50.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq) is added to 60.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3
H2SO4(aq) in a polystyrene cup and stirred. Both solutions have a temperature of 21.4 °C
before mixing. The maximum temperature of the mixture is measured.

(i) Use equation 1 to calculate the amount, in mol, of H2SO4(aq) that is neutralised in the
experiment.

amount of H2SO4 neutralised = .............................. mol [1]

(ii) Calculate the theoretical maximum temperature of the mixture in this experiment.

Assume that:
• enthalpy change of neutralisation, ∆Hneut , of NaOH(aq) and H2SO4(aq)
is –57.1 kJ mol–1
• full dissociation of H2SO4(aq) occurs
• the specific heat capacity of the final solution is 4.18 J g–1 K–1
• 1.00 cm3 of the final solution has a mass of 1.00 g
• there is no heat loss to the surroundings
• the experiment takes place at constant pressure.

Show your working.

theoretical maximum temperature = .............................. °C [3]

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(c) The enthalpy change of neutralisation of CH3COOH(aq) and NaOH(aq) is –55.2 kJ mol–1.

(i) Complete the equation for the reaction.

.........CH3COOH + .........NaOH .............................................................................. [1]

(ii) Values for the enthalpy change of neutralisation, ∆Hneut , are shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

reagents ∆Hneut / kJ mol–1

NaOH + HCl –57.1
NaOH + CH3COOH –55.2

Suggest why the value for ∆Hneut of the weak acid, CH3COOH, reacting with NaOH is
different to the value obtained using the strong acid, HCl. Assume that the values are
determined under the same conditions.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

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4 (a) Hydrogen chloride gas is made in the laboratory by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to
potassium chloride.

(i) Construct an equation for this reaction.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why hydrogen iodide is not prepared by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to
sodium iodide.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A sample of HI(g) is added to a 2.00 dm3 sealed vessel at 764 K and allowed to reach
equilibrium.

reaction 1 2HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g) Kc = 0.0217 at 764 K

At equilibrium the mixture contains 1.70 mol of HI(g).

(i) State one difference in the appearance of the initial reaction mixture compared to the
mixture at equilibrium.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Deduce the expression for equilibrium constant Kc for reaction 1.

Kc =

[1]

(iii) Calculate the concentration of I2 present in the reaction mixture at equilibrium.

Show your working.

concentration of I2 = .............................. mol dm–3 [3]

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(c) The experiment is repeated at 500 K. The value of Kc under these conditions is 0.00625.

(i) Describe the difference in the composition of the equilibrium mixture at 500 K compared
to 764 K.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Use Le Chatelier’s principle to deduce whether the decomposition of HI(g) is endothermic
or exothermic. Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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5 Y is formed from X in a single-step reaction, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

X Y
OH

HO OH
O O

Fig. 5.1

(a) Deduce the empirical formula of Y.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The formation of Y from X requires the addition of a suitable reducing agent.

(i) Construct an equation using molecular formulae and [H] for the reaction in Fig. 5.1. Use
[H] to represent one atom of hydrogen from the reducing agent.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify a suitable non-gaseous reducing agent for the formation of Y from X.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Complete Table 5.1 to show the number of sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon atoms in a molecule
of X.

Table 5.1

type of hybridisation sp2 sp3

number of carbon
atoms in X
[2]

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(d) Complete Table 5.2 with the expected observations that occur when the reagents shown are
added to separate solutions of X and Y. Do not refer to temperature changes in your answer.

Table 5.2

reagent observation on addition to X observation on addition to Y

aqueous sodium carbonate

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
(2,4-DNPH reagent)

alkaline aqueous iodine

[3]

[Total: 8]

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6 Compound W, CH2=CHCN, is used to make an addition polymer which is present in carbon fibres.

(a) Draw one repeat unit of the addition polymer of W.

[1]

(b) CH3CHO is used in a two-step synthetic route to form W, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
In step 1, CH3CHO is heated with HCN in the presence of KCN.

W
step 1 step 2
CH3CHO CH3CH(OH)CN CH2=CHCN

Fig. 6.1

(i) Name the mechanism for the reaction in step 1 in Fig. 6.1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Complete Fig. 6.2 to show the mechanism for the reaction in step 1.
Include all products, charges, dipoles, lone pairs of electrons and curly arrows, as
appropriate.

C
H CH3

N C

Fig. 6.2
[3]

(iii) Suggest a suitable reagent and conditions for step 2 in Fig. 6.1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iv) Fig. 6.3 shows the infrared spectrum of W, CH2=CHCN.

100

transmittance / % 50

S T

0
3000 2000 1000
wavenumber / cm–1

Fig. 6.3

Table 6.1

bond functional groups containing characteristic infrared absorption

the bond range (in wavenumbers) / cm–1

C–O hydroxy, ester 1040–1300

C=C aromatic compound, alkene 1500–1680

C=O amide 1640–1690

carbonyl, carboxyl 1670–1740
ester 1710–1750
C≡N nitrile 2200–2250

C–H alkane 2850–2950

N–H amine, amide 3300–3500

O–H carboxyl 2500–3000

hydroxy 3200–3600

Use Table 6.1 to identify the bonds responsible for the absorptions marked S and T on
Fig. 6.3.

S ................................

T ................................
[1]

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(c) Molecules of W, CH2=CHCN, do not show stereoisomerism.

(i) Describe stereoisomerism.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the two essential features of an alkene molecule that cause it to show
geometrical stereoisomerism.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Molecules of CH3CH(OH)CN exist as a pair of optical isomers.

Draw three-dimensional diagrams in the boxes to show the optical isomers of CH3CH(OH)CN.

isomer 1 isomer 2

[1]

(e) Propanenitrile is heated with hydrogen gas and a platinum catalyst. The only product is
propylamine.

Construct an equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(f) Propylamine can also be formed in a two-step synthesis from propan-1-ol, as shown in
Fig. 6.4.

step 1 step 2
CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2Cl CH3CH2CH2NH2
SOCl 2

Fig. 6.4

(i) Name the type of reaction in step 1 in Fig. 6.4.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify the reagent and conditions for step 2 in Fig. 6.4.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 15]

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Important values, constants and standards

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Faraday constant F = 9.65 × 104 C mol–1
Avogadro constant L = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1
electronic charge e = –1.60 × 10–19 C
molar volume of gas Vm = 22.4 dm3 mol–1 at s.t.p. (101 kPa and 273 K)
Vm = 24.0 dm3 mol–1 at room conditions
ionic product of water Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6 (at 298 K (25 °C))
specific heat capacity of water c = 4.18 kJ kg–1 K–1 (4.18 J g–1 K–1)

© UCLES 2023 9701/23/M/J/23

© UCLES 2023
The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1.0 4.0
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
6.9 9.0 relative atomic mass 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23.0 24.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
20

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 – 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3

9701/23/M/J/23
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.4 – 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.1 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232.0 231.0 238.0 – – – – – – – – – – –

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