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Data Representation

This document provides information about different number systems including binary, decimal, and hexadecimal. It explains how to convert between these systems with examples. Memory units like bits and bytes are defined. Common character coding systems like ASCII, Big-5, GB, and Unicode are also summarized. Conversion may be needed between different character sets.

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146 views

Data Representation

This document provides information about different number systems including binary, decimal, and hexadecimal. It explains how to convert between these systems with examples. Memory units like bits and bytes are defined. Common character coding systems like ASCII, Big-5, GB, and Unicode are also summarized. Conversion may be needed between different character sets.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Computer and Information Technology – Core Module – Data Representation p.

Computer & Information Technology


Data Representation
Common Number System:
System Name Base Number used Remark
Decimal / Denary 10 0–9 Human understandable

Binary 2 0, 1 Employed by computer

Hexadecimal 16 0–9 Usually used as a shorter way to


represent binary numbers
A (11) – F (15)

Conversions between different number systems:


1. Decimal → Binary
Convert 3410 to binary number
2 34 …
2 17 … 0
2 8 … 1
2 4 … 0
2 2 … 0
1 … 0

3410 = 1000102.

2. Binary → Decimal
Convert 1011012 into denary number
25 24 23 22 21 1
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
1 0 1 1 0 1

1011012 = 25 + 23 + 22 + 1= 4510

3. Decimal → Hexadecimal
Convert 350810 into hexadecimal number
1 3508 …
6
1 219 …4
6
1 13 (D) … 11 (B)
6
350810 = DB416.
Computer and Information Technology – Core Module – Data Representation p.2

4. Hexadecimal → Decimal
Convert 2A36C2 into denary number
164 163 162 161 1
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
2 A(10) 3 6 C(12)

2A36C16 = 2 × 164 + 10 × 163 + 3 × 162 + 6 × 161 + 12 = 17290810

5. Binary ←→ Hexadecimal
Binary Decimal Hexa Binary Decimal Hexa
0000 0 0 1000 8 8
0001 1 1 1001 9 9
0010 2 2 1010 10 A
0011 3 3 1011 11 B
0100 4 4 1100 12 C
0101 5 5 1101 13 D
0110 6 6 1110 14 E
0111 7 7 1111 15 F

(a) Convert 1010011012 into hexadecimal number.


1 0100 11012 = 0001 0100 11012 = 14D16
(b) Convert 5E2D16 into binary number.
5E2D = 0101 1110 0010 11012 = 1011110001011012

Important Numbers and Formulas


1. 27 = 128
28 = 256
210 = 1024
216 = 65536
2. 10……02 (n zeroes) = 2n.
e.g. 1000000002 = 28 = 256
3. For n-bits unsigned integers:
Minimum number = 00……0 (n zeroes) = 0
Maximum number = 11……1 (n ones) = 2n – 1
e.g. For 8-bits unsigned integers:
Minimum = 00000000 = 0
Maximum = 11111111 = 28 – 1 = 255
* If a number requires more than the available number of bits, overflow will
occurs. The leftmost bits will be removed.
Computer and Information Technology – Core Module – Data Representation p.3

Memory Unit
1. Bit
 BInary digiT
 Basic unit for storing data in computer
 1 bit = 1 binary digit (i.e. 0, 1)
2. Byte
 Smallest addressable data in the microprocessor
 1 Byte = 8 bits
3. Measurement units of data
Unit Value
1 Kilobyte (1KB) 210 bytes
1 Megabyte (1MB) 210 KB = 220 bytes
1 Gigabyte (1GB) 210 MB = 230 bytes
1 Terabyte (1TB) 210 GB = 240 bytes

* a. We use “B” to stand for “byte”, “b” to stand for “bit”


b. When memory size is discussed, we usually use 2 as the base.

Character Coding Systems / Character Sets (Charsets)


1. ASCII
 8 bits for each character
 Printable characters + Non-printable (control and communication) codes
 “0” – “9”: 48 – 57
“A” – “Z”: 65 – 90
“a” – “z”: 97 – 122
2. Big-5 Code
 16 bits for each character
 Mainly used to represent Traditional Chinese characters (繁體中文)
3. GB Code
 16 bits for each character
 Mainly used to represent Simplified Chinese characters (簡體中文)
4. Unicode
 16 bits
 International standard code
 Support characters from different languages, including Traditional and
Simplified Chinese characters
 Increasing degree of recognition in different systems
* Conversion is needed to read characters from one charset to another.

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