8 DepED

DYPAMTMENT 9 M ATOM

HEALTH
Quarter 4 -
Module 1:
Gateway Drugs
Johannsen C. Yap, PhDD

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ALTERNATIYE DELIYERY MODE

ADM
Introductory Message
This is the Health 8 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Gateway Drugs. This module
was designed and developed to assist you in meeting the standards set by the K to
12 Curriculum (most essential learning competencies) while overcoming your
personal, social, and economic constraints brought about by the pandemic.

that this learning will engage you through guided and

It is hoped resource

independent learning activities that can be performed asynchronously. Furthermore,

into consideration
it aims to help acquire the needed 21st-century skills while taking
the new normal setup.

This module has the following elements:

This enumerates the skills or competencies you are expected

to learn in the module.
What I Need to Know

check prior
This part includes an activity that aims to
You can use it
knowledge of the lesson you are about to take.
to further master the targeted skills.
What I Know

This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson
with the previous one.
What's In

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you through

a story, a song, a poem, a sample problem, a short activity, or a

What's New situation.

aims
This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This
concepts and skills.
to help you discover and understand new

What Is It

This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify

the skills you
your understanding of concepts and strengthen
the to the exercisees
have acquired. You may check answers
What's More using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

answered or sentences/
This includes questions to be
means of processing what
paragraphs to be completed as a

What I Have Learned you learned from the lesson.

his will allow you to practice your new knowledge or skill in
solving real-life situations or concerns.
What I Can Do

This is a task that will assess your level of mastery of the

Assessment targeted learning competency.

These are exercises given to you to further hone the knowledge

or skill required.
Additional Activitiees

E References
This section provides
developing this learning module.
you the list of materials used for

This serves as a guide for the facilitatorin checking your

Answer Key answers in the activities and exercises.

The following are reminders in using this module:

1. Handle and use this module with care. Remember that it will be used
by
another learner.
2. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. Do not write or put
unnecessary marks on any part of the module.
3 Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
4. Read the directions carefully before doing each task.
5 Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
6 Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
7. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We
hope that this material will provide meaningful learning experiences that will help you
gain a deep understanding of the required competencies. Remember to believe in
yourself. You can do it!

iv
Table of Contents

What I Need to Know. * * * ' * ' * * * * ' ' ' ' '***''*

What I Know...
What's In.... **

What's New
What Is It....
What's More.... 11

What I Have Learned. 12

What I Can Do.... * * 13

14
Assessment......
Additional Activities. **** 17
18
References....
19
Answer Key...

N
What I Need to Know
In this module, you will learn about gateway drugs. The activities and disCussion are
intended to broaden your knowledge, improve your skills, and deepen your values

After reading and answering the activities in this module, you are expected to
discuss gateway drugs (H8S-IVa-27);
analyze the negative health impact of cigarette smoking (H8S-IVb-c-29)
0 describe the harmful short- and long-term effects of cigarette smoking on the
different parts of the body;
o discuss the dangers of mainstream, secondhand, and thirdhand smoke; and
o explain the impact of cigarette smoking on the family, environment, and

community.

What I Know
A. Read each item
carefully. In your notebook or on a sheet of paper, write
separate
C if the statement involves
cigarette
and smoking and write A if it involves
alcohol and drinking. Do not write anything on the module.

1. It is consumed by inhaling the fumes from the tobacco rolled in

paper.
2. Its major consequences are chronic lung diseases.
3. It can cause liver diseases when regularly consumed over a long-term period.
4. It contains tar, a substance that settles in the
lungs.
5. Its examples are beer, brandy,
gin, wine, and vodka.
6. Its pure form is a colorless and bitter-tasting substance.
7. It can cause cancer of the
mouth, gums, and throat.
8. It underwent fermentation and distillation processes.
9. It is made from dried leaves and small
twigs of the tobacco plant.
10.It is a
beverage made from grains, fruits, and other natural sources.
B. Read each item carefully. In your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper, write
TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect. Do not write
anything on the module.

11. Alcohol improves heart condition

12. Smoking has many health benefits.

13. Alcohol and smoking are gateway drugs.

14. Alcohol helps in critical thinking and reasoning.

15. Cigarette smoking can cause skin cancer.

16. Being intoxicated while driving is extremely dangerous.

17. Alcohol drinking is beneficial to the nervous system.

18. Smoking also affects non-smokers.

19. Body odor is a short-term effect of smoking.

20. Cigarettes do not contribute to land pollution.

What's In
on a separate sheet of paper, put a
Read each item carefully. In your notebook or
a cross mark "X" if it is incorrect. Do
checkmark " " if the statement is correct and
not write anything on the module.

1. Smoking is harmful to one's health.

2. Drinking alcohol improves one's memory.

3. Alcohol gives extra strength and energy

4 Thirdhand smoke can cause cancer.

5. Smoking-related diseases kill thousands of Filipinos every year.

2
A What's New
Read each item carefully. In your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper, write
YES if you agree with the statement and NO if you disagree. Do not write anything
on the module.

Set A

Smoking is harmful to one's health.

One should advocate for a smoke-free society.

One should avoid the smell of cigarette smoke.

If only one of the family members is a smoker, he/she can still endanger the
whole family.

O n e should never smoke in public places.

Set B

Alcohol is harmful to one's health.

One should avoid drinking alcohol.

Drinking heavy alcohol before driving can result in an accident.

Drinking alcohol slows one's reflexes and body coordination.

hol can cause chronic disorders of the liver.

3
What Is It
What are Gateway Drugs?
Gateway drugs are substances that are legal and readily available in ihe market.
more dangerous drugs such as marijuana
and
These drugs may lead users to use
and
two common gateway drugs are cigarettes
shabu. In the Phlippines, the
alcohol.

Alcoholic Drinks
Tobacco Products

CIGARETTE

RED WINE WHITE WINE

BEER
CIGAR

PIPE

HOOKAH
CHAMPAGNE WHISKEY
. GIN

in any
Cigarettes contain finely groundAlcohol is the active ingredient
alcoholic beverage. In its pure form,
tobacco rolled in special paper.
Tobacco is a tall and leafy plant alcohol is a colorless and bitter-tasting
Once mixed with
Central substance.
originally grown in South and
beverages, it takes the color of that
America but is now grown throughout
The color of beer ranges from
the world. Tobacco smoking is the drink. black.
of death light straw to gold, brown, and
second leading cause
white wine is
worldwide. According to theRed and wine is red
either white or pale yellow.
Department of Health (DOH), around
200 Filipinos die every day from
smoking-related diseases.
of its examples
gateway drugs in the Philippines and
some
lable 1 presents the two common

will be tackled in
his module focuses on cigarette smoking while alcohol drinking
the next module.
Chemicals in Cigarettes
n e world Health Organization (WHO) estimates that five million smokers

worldwide every year. it is calculated that death will rise to 10 million

each year before the
Furthermoi
end of the year 2020. Indeed, cigarette smoking is extremel
harmful to one's health as it contains over 7,000 poisonous chemicals. The followin
are some of these poisonous chemicals.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Benzene Tar

a gas produced during the

buming process of tobacco used in marnufacturing
-a sticky substance found in
causes headache, chemicals for making
tobacco smoke that settes
dizziness, nausea, plastics, resins, detergents, in the lungs
and pesticides
confusion, fatigue, causes irritation, difficulty in
sleepiness, increased heart causeseye, nose, mouth,
and throat irritations, and breathing, and stains the
rate, and extremely low
eventually lead to cancer teeth and fingernails
Oxygen levels in the body

Nicotine Formaldehyde Arsenic

-
used in making pesticides
an addictive and used in used in wood preservation
preserving cadavers
psychoactive substance causes leukemia (cancer of process
that stimulates the brain the causes lung, liver, skin, and
blood) and respiratory
and nervous system cancer bladder cancer

Cadmium Polonium-210 Other Carcinogenic

Compounds
polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH)
used in making batteries N-nitrosamines, aromatic
a radioactive element
causes lung cancer, kidney amines, 1,3-butadiene,
cancer, and prostate cancer causes cancer in animals
aldehydes., and ethylene
oxide
cause various forms of
cancers

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Figure 1 enumerates the poisonous chemicals found in cigarettes
Harmful Effects on the Body

Cigarette fumes have many harmful effects on different parts of the body. The
the left
diagram below enumerates some of these. The short-term effects are on

side and the long-term effects are on the right side.

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS LONG-TERM EFFECTS

HEART AND BLOOD

VESSEL
heart attack
cardiac arrest
thrombosis-biockage of blood
vessels due to blood clots)
SLIGHT LOSS OF
atherosclerosis (fats and choles-
SMELL AND TASTE
terol buildup in and on artery
wals)
BADBREATH
RESPIRATORY
cOUGH asthma
chronic obstructive
SHORTNESS pulmonary disease (COPD)
OF BREATH -bronchitis
emphysema
EFFECTS IN SEVERAL
BODYPARTS REPRODUCTION
infertility and mis-
fatigue
body Odor carriage
irritation underweight and
underdeveloped infants
-airway
eyes
growth and development
skin
malformations of offspring
sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS)

CANCER
Mouth
Lung
Throat Skin

Figure 2 shows the short-term (left) and the long-term (right)

harmful effects of cigarette smoking on the human body

6
Three Smokes and their Dangers
Firsthand Smoke: Mainstream
It is the smoke inhaled by the smoker. When
inhaled, the smoke enters the lungs and
then is exhaled. Some chemicals never exit
the lungs and eventually build up. These
chemicals irritate the mouth, nasal cavity
throat, and lungs. Other harmful chemicals
are absorbed by blood vessels and
transported to other parts of the body where
they continuously damage these parts.
Source: pixabay.com People who inhale mainstream smoke are
Figure 3 shows a man smoking called smokers.

Secondhand Smoke: Sidestream/ETS

It is also known as environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS). This includes the smoke
exhaled by the smoker and the smoke that
comes out of the lighted end of the cigarette
or pipe. It is more dangerous than
mainstream smoke because it contains
higher concentrations of chemicals. This
Source: pixabay.com usually affects non-smokers. People who
Figure 4 shows a smoker next to another ve and work with smokers are called
man who inhales the smoke too passive smokers.

Thirdhand Smoke: RTS

It is also called residual tobacco smoke
(RTS). This is the smoke and residue left
during and after smoking. It clings to clothes,
car upholstery, sofa, carpets, beddings,
pillows, curtains, and other objects exposed
Source: pixabay.com to smoke. Residual tobacco smoke can last
Figure 5 shows sofa, pillows, and other for months and contain harmful chemicals
objects where the smoke can cling and carcinogens.
Impacts of Smoking

Smoking has no good effects other than a short-lerm quick boost of self-esteem,
energy,and social confidence. Once the nicotine is used by the body, the smokers
quickly go back to their old selves. The following explains the negative impact o
cigarette smoking on the family, environment, and community.
Impact on Family

dangers not only to the smoker but to the whole family as

Smoking at home poses
are some of the impacts of smoking on the family in general and
well. The following
to its members.
smokers have a higher chance of involving
. Likelihood to Smoke: Children of
at an incredibly young age.
themselves in experimentation and regular smoking
addictive substance nicotine.
This is due to exposure to the highly
women to cigarette smoke has
Effects on Infant: The exposure of pregnant
t affects the cognitive development of the child and
the fetus.
lifelong impacts on
well as
also increases the risk of having ear infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, as

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

thirdhand smoke, each member of
Health Impacts: Because of secondhand and
hazards affecting the heart,
the household is at risk of experiencing health
respiratory, and other senses.
to be allotted to more
Financial Aspect: The budget for vices is supposed
and even savings for
important things like basic needs, events for family bonding,
emergencies.

8
Impact on Environment

Source: pixabay.com
Figure 6 shows deforestation

Aside from being detrimental to the health of

people, smoking also has negative
effects on the environment. It directly and indirectly affects animals, plants, and
nature. The following are some of the harmful effects of smoking on the
environment.
Deforestation: Trees are cut down and
other vegetation is removed to pave way
for large-scale tobacco farming around the world. As plants are destroyed, wild
animals lose their natural homes, and the soil becomes infertile, disruption in the
ecological balance occurs.
Wildfire: Burning cigarette butt seems to be an unharmful waste, but it can
actually start a wildfire when disposed of improperly in open fields and forests.
Air Pollution: Smoking contributes to the foul smell and impurity of air.
Water Pollution: Cigarette litter enters waterways such as lakes, rivers, streams,
and bays. The water quality worsens and the animals living in the waters are
harmed.
Land Pollution: As cigarette litter ends up in landfills, its chemicals mix with soil.
These harmful chemicals are absorbed by crops such as vegetables and fruits
causing them to become hazardous for human consumption.

9
Impact on Community

Since smoking has become usual in public places in the communities, most people
suppose that it is an issue one should care less about. What they do not know is that
smoking greatly affects community health and safety in general. The following are

some of the effects of smoking on the community.

Members: There is increased health safety risk ofnon-smokers in
Community an
the streets, restaurants. public toilets, and other public and private places.
Budget Allocation: Government allocates a portion of its budget for smoking
cessation programs and smoking-related healthcare projects. This fund could
have been used instead to support education, build hospitals, and improve the
national economy.
Youth Mindset: Young children are tempted to try smoking as they witness it done
A smoking community embeds in the youth that it is
by the people around them.
harmful habit as long as there is a sense of
acceptable to develop a
belongingness.
Your generation is the next model for the younger ones. Be their guide by promoting

healthy habits for the benefit of themselves, their family, environment, and
Community. Now think if smoking really gives benefits without harmful
consequences.

Processing Questions
What are gateway drugs? Give some examples.
environment?
How does smoking affect the body? the family of smokers?
community?

10
What's More
Activity A
Answer the following. VWrite your explanation in your notebook or on a separate

sheet of paper. Do not write anything on the module.

w h y are cigarettes and alcoholic beverages considered gateway drugs?

Activity B
COpy the following table in your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper. List down
the short-term and long-term health effects of smoking under the appropriate column
and describe each briefly. Do not write anything on the module.

Effects of Smoking on the Body

Short-term Long-term

Activity C
Answer the following by considering the negative effects of smoking on family,
environment, and community. Write your explanation in your notebook or on a
separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything on the module.

H o w would you explain the impact of smoking to a family member or a friend?

11
What I Have Learned
or on a separate sheet of
Copy the following graphic organizer in your notebook
three smokes produced and the
paper. Fill it in with brief explanations for the
impacts of cigarette smoking. Do not write anything on the module.

CIGARETTE SMOKINNG

THREE SMOKES

MAINSTREAM SECONDHAND THIRDHAND

IMPACTS

FAMILY ENVIRONMENT COMMUNITY

BODY

12
& What I Can Do
reate a poem about the impacts of smoking. The focus can be on farnily
environment, or community. Your poem should have three to five stanzas. Each
stanza can have three or more lines. Write it in your notebook or on a separate
sheet of paper. Do not write
anything on the module.

RUBRIC FOR GRADING THE POEM

Criteria 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point

Relevance The poem The poem strictly The poem The poem is
to the adheres to the adheres to the either not
adheres to the
lesson lesson with the lesson. There is lesson but lacks related to the
integration of no integration of some important lesson or lacks
related topics not related topics not points. so many
mentioned in the mentioned in the important
module. module. points.

Cohesive There is a strong There is a There is a weak There is no

ness relationship and relationship and relationship and relationship and
unity among unity among unity among unity among
lines and lines and lines and lines and
stanzas. stanzas. stanzas. stanzas. Lines
Cohesion among Cohesion among Cohesion among and stanzas are
the parts is the parts is the parts is unorganized.
perfect. satisfactory. weak.

Use of The use of 4 or The use of 3 The use of 1 or 2 No elements

poetic more poetic poetic elements poetic elements were used in
elements elements is is observable is observable the poem.
observable which which tickles the which slightly
uplifts readers' readers' distracts readers
emotions. emotions. attention.

CreativityThepoem is The poem is Thepoem is The poem was

and 76-100% original 51-75% original 26-50% original almost copied
originality and the creativity and the creativity and the creativity from other
of the writer is of the writer is of the writer is SOurces. No
highly evident. evident. Figures partially evident. figuresof
Figures of of speech were Figures of speech were

speech were Somehow Speech are applied.

always applied. applied. minimally
applied

13
The hythm of The rhythm of There is no
Rhythm The rhythm of
the poem the poem is good | the poem noticeable
benefits the and somehow partially benefits hythm within
benefits the tone the tone, but the poem.
poetic tone all
with minimal Some parts
throughout. distraction to the distract the
readers. readers.

Assessment
answer in your noteb00k or on a
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
the module.
separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything on

1. Which of the following are considered gateway drugs in the Philippines?

I. marijuana IV. shabu
I. alcohol Il. cigarettes

A. Iand Il only
B. ll and ll only
C.Il and V only
D. I and IIl only

tobacco products?
2. What addictive substance is found in
A. cannabis
B. nicotiana
C. nicotine
D. tabacum

3. What colorless and bitter-tasting substance is found in alcoholic beverages?

A. alcohol
B. ethyl
C. methyl
D. nicotine

14
users try more
can
make
leqal drugs that
4. what do you call habit-forming
addictive substances?
potent and
A. party drugs
B. gateway drugs
C. street drugs
D. depressant drugs
effect ofsmoking
is NOT a short-term
5. Which of the following
A. bad breath
B. body odor
C. cancer
D. cough
in cigarette
chemical found
NOT a poisonous
6. Which of the following is
smoke?

A. arsenic
B. benzene
C. cadmiun
D. carbon
does
compounds. What
and its residue contain carcinogenic
7. Tobacco smoke
carcinogenic mean?

substance found in tobacco products

A. It is a habit-forming
one addicted to cigarette
smoking.
B. It can make
cause various kinds
of cancer in the body.
C. It is known to
chemical used to make cigarette products.
D. It is a hazardous

following is NOT one of the three types of smoke produced from

8. Which of the
cigarette smoking?
A. secondary smoke
B. mainstream smoke
smoke
C. residual tobacco
tobacco smoke
D. environmental

15
9. Why is smoking harmful to one's health?
A. Smoking deteriorates the body because of its poisonous compounds.
lands.
B. The tobacco industry is known to transform forests into agricultural
. Cigarette smoking boosts teenagers' confidence and motivation.
D. lobacco smoking improves digestion and makes people think clearly.

10. Who are the passive smokers?

A. People who directly smoke cigarettes and cigars.
electronic
B. People who do not smoke but indirectly inhale smoke.
C. Teenagers who have self-control and avoid smoking9
D. People who advocate a smoke-free community.

11. How does smoking impact the environment?

III. It causes heart diseases.
. lt promotes deforestation.
IV. It contributes to pollution.
II. It makes soil infetile.

A. I, I1, and ll only

B. I, I1, and IV only
C. I1, 1, and IV only
D. I, I1, 1, and IV

12.Which of the following is a chronic pulmonary

disease caused by long-term
smoke?
exposure to cigarette

A. chronic obstructive smoking disease

disease
B. chronic obstructive pulmonary
C. chronic overexposure pulmonary disorder
disorder
D. contagious obstruction pneumonia

13.Which of the following is NOT true about smoking?

health
attractive to teenagers but has many hidden
A. Smoking seems

dangers business.
B. Smoking companies target teenagers to continue the
condition.
C. Seldom smoking is good because it improves overall body
D. Occasional smoking is as dangerous as heavy smoking.

16
14.How does smoking affect the human reproductive system?
A. lt causes
infertility in both sexes.
B. It does not affect babies in the womb.
C. It improves the health of
sperms.
D. It helps speed fertilization.
up

1 5 .W h a t do you call the tobacco smoke that clings on carpet, Ded Sneets,

curtains, and toys?

A. environmental tobacco smoke
B. mainstream tobacco smoke
C. residual tobacco smoke
D. passive tobacco smoke

Additional Activities
A. What will the world be like if there is a global ban on tobacco productS and its
alternatives? In your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper, narrate how you

see a tobacco-free world. Do not write anything on this module.

self-talk" and use kind,

B. How you prevent smoking at home? Apply "positive
can
statements. Instead of talking, write
encouraging, and motivating words in your
what you want to tell yourself in your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper.

Do not write anything on this module.

17
6
What I Know What I Know What's in
A. 1. C 6 A B. 11. FALSE 16. TRUE
2. C 7. C 12. FALSE 17. FALSE 2.
3. A 8.A 13. TRUE 18. TRUE 3.
4. C 9 C 14. FALSE 19. TRUE 4.
A 10. A 15. TRUE 20. FALSE 5
5.
What's New
Use the following interpretation.
Set A Set B
5 YES - You are not likely to drink alcohol.
5 YES-You are not likely to smoke. 4 YES You are less likely to drink aBcohol.
4 YES-You are lesslikely to smoke. 3 YES - You are somewhat likely to drink alcohol.
3 YES-You are somewhat likely to smoke.
2 YES You are more likely to drink alcohof.
2 YES-You are more likely to smoke. 1 YES - You are very likeBy to drink alcohol.
1 YES-You are very tikely to smoke.
OYES- You are extremely likely to smoke. O YES - You are extremely likely to drink alcohol.
What's More What I Have Learned
Activity A Answers may vary but
Answers may vary. The following is the possible answer: Cigarettes make sure it is based
and alcoholic beverages are considered gateway drugs because they on topics learned.
can iead the smokers and drinkers in using more severe and
dangerous drugs like marijuana and shabu.
What I Can Do
Activity B Refer to the RUBRIC FOR
Effects of Smoking on the Body GRADING THE POEM
Short-term Long-term
Bad breath Heart and blood vessel
diseases Assessment
Body odor 1.A 6. D 11. B
Cough Lung diseases such as asthma 2. C 7. C 12. B
Shortness of breath Several types of cancer
3. A A 13. C
Fatigue .Fertility problems for both 4. B 9. A 14. A
Slight loss of taste and smell sexes
5. C 10. B 15. C
Activity C
ISwer nay vary but make sure it is based on topics learned. Additional Activitles
Answers may vary.
Kay JaMsuy