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2.1 Advance Math and Vector Analysis

For self review BSEE

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jasiel pascua
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257 views

2.1 Advance Math and Vector Analysis

For self review BSEE

Uploaded by

jasiel pascua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POWERLINE REVIEW CENTER, Inc. ADVANCE ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS combination of real and imaginary numbers, Square root of a negative number is called “imaginary number”, the imaginary unit denoted as j satisfying the relation j = W=1, Form of /* where *n” is an integer either odd or even: (a) for even powers of: (6) for odd powers of yt =(i")i= 87 ‘Theorems on complex numbers: (a) if x jy=0,then x = Oand y = 0 () if x, + fy) = x2 + Aanthenxy = xz and y, => (©) if (+ sya + Jy2)=0, thenx, + jy, =0 orxs + jy2=0 Forms of complex numbers: (a) Rectangular form: Z=x-+ jy (b) Pol lar or“Steinmet2” form: Z=120; where r= magnitude or amplitude, ‘= argument or displacement in degrees (cos@ 4,j sin 8) =r js =1eis 8 ; where 8 is in degrees (© Trigonomettic form: Z (@ Exponential form: Z=re!” ; whofe 0 is in Fadians ‘Trigonometric and Inverse trigonometric Function of Complex Numbers elt ei? el yal a () cos == = (a) sino = p (@) sinh = ©) cosy © i © cons (©) sechx = — 7 (k) aresech x- fics | Oexsl ee aceensei{ IES) x50, 0x0 Relations between hyperbolic and trigonometric functions: @ says= sth —— (@) sh jx=jsinx () aresinhZ =In(Z2VZ? +1) {b) cas fA= cosh (@) cosh f= Coss (0 arecosh Z=In(Z2VZ==1) (14Z) © tm Yuan x — tah = janx ( arctanhZ = +n 22 "\I-z}LAPLACE TRANSFORMS The process of transforming a given function from real time domain to a new function in the complex frequency domain, Let /t) = real time domain or original function, at ¢>0. The Laplace formula: Fe =Z (fo}= [Pe oe Laplace Transforms of some elementary functions: 2 Bre" EL (ay=2 > 2. Lae = 4. ZL sinat= 5.£ cosat = 6.£ sinh at = 7.£ coshat THEOREMS o Theorem 1 (Linearity Theorem) Zlarorogol=a Z[fo]+ Ze] aplace Transforms Theorem 2 (First Shifting Theorem) Zero LU Ohsine Theorem 3 (Second Shifting Theorem) Zlue-afe-a)=e* Z [fo] ‘Theorem 4 (Transforms of Derivatives) where” ~ nth. Derivative of a function of Llrol-sZ[rol-7o Zlrwl-s* Z LOH 1047] Zipral=s* Z Polk? +5 /OXPO)] zlrols" ZO be" 10482 roses 77+ FO] ‘Theorem 5 (Transforms of Integrals) if (i) is of exponential order and at least piecewise continuous a [vou] Lz (polit Pra SFORM LAPLAC Simply the reverse of Laplace Transforms, in which: Z-"{FS)} = (0) Theorem 6 Ifa Laplace transform contains the fictor s the inverse of that transform can be found by suppressing the factor , determining the inverse of the remaining portion of the transform, andl finally differentiate that inverse with respect tof Theorem 7 If a Laplace transform contains the factor 1/s, the inverse of that transform can be found by suppressing the factor 1/s, determining the inverse of the remaining portion of the transform, andl finally integrating that inverse with respect from 0 tor. Pow’ RIE General method of expanding a function in power series in.x and (x~a) (a): Tavlor’s Series of expansion: powers of (x-a) mo} fra) 2 (a LO, (e-ay" £0) = f(a) P(x ay £1) ml(©), Maclaurin's Series of expansio 400 = (+L) LO ° M4 Lon GP + [Sa Series used to represent a periodic wave in either exponential or trigonometric form. The series has the form of: 1 Cosme sins)= 1 +b, sinx-+by sin2x-+b, sin3x-+---+b, sine wer: ay=2 fyerde ag Fytapoormic = fps ichlet Condition : A function fx) satisfying the following conditions: {isis periodic with period 22, ie. fix*2n) =fix) “fes) isa Single-valued and finite in each period ‘s) has a finite number of finite discontinuities in each period. ‘fs) has a number of finite maxima and minima in each period. If (isan even periodic function which satisfies the Dirichlet conditions, the cocet Series of fi) are given by the Formula by 20 for half range cosine series If fx) is an odd periodic function which satisfies the Dirichlet condition, the coefficients in the Fourier Series of fi) are given by the formulas, 24 nat 6 =2 [rosin ad for half range sine series Oe Exponential Fourier Series : Parseval’s Identity states that : o 7 Te 1 sf LE aetna 1 peda 2. Fler v0? bana, [708 Aton) [soe dt } Je Ndr“ Xi 2 +53) Complex Notation for Fourier Series : te Fe R. A rectangular array of numbers enclosed within brackets and arranged in m rows and 17 columns, Each number in the matrix is called an element A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix {row vector} while a matrix having only one column is called a column matrix {column vector}. Ifthe number of roes m and column 7 are equal the matrix is called a square matrix. A matrix is said to be real matrix or complex matrix according as its elements are real or complex numbers. INVERSE OF A MATRIX Rules for Finding the Inverse of a matrix Find the det A. IF det A'~0. there is no inverse. If det A +0, continue to apply the following steps. Form the transposed matrix, A? Replace each clement of A" by its conesponding cofactor. The resulting matrix is called the adjoint matrix. 4 Divide each element of the adjoint matrix by det A and the result is A.PROPERTIES OF A MATRIX 1. Equatity of Matrices: Two matrices A and B are equal if they are of the same order and corresponding Elements are equal, When mn, we have a square matrix. An nan of square matrix is said to be of order 2, The number associated with a square matrix is called a determinant. 2. Addition of Matrices. If A=(ay) and B=(bs) have the same order, we define the sumof A and B aS ASB = (a+b) 3. Subiraction of Matrices. If A= (ax) and as A~B=(aj—by) bx) have the same order, we define the difference of A & B 4. Multiptication ofa Matrix hy a scalar. | oa Multiplied by 7 2 4ps 46 “302 -302||-20 8 5. Multiplication of Matrices. Wf A=(ay.) isan meen matrix while B=(by) is an nxp matrix, then we define the product AB or AB of A and B as the matrix C = (cj) where f — 35 cn = Dita dy Wet A= p=|2 -1), then ee 2a -3 0 2 45 ro 42 Pee oan) [ "] (390) *(092)#(2H4) (-395)4(0V—*2)2))"[=1. = 6. Transpose of a Mairi. If we interchange rows and columns of matrix A, the resulting matrix is called ‘The transpose of A and is denoted by AT. In symbols, if 204 2s AGN. efi 2 7 Symmetric and Skew-symmeirie Mathces. A square mattis A ig called symmetric if A™= A and skew sommetriei AF = A. the Transpose OF [2 2] sesev-snnane Proms [2 wasnt MECTOR ANALYSIS Vector — isany physical clement or quantity that has both magnitude and direction, lke displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight, lux, current, voltage etc. ‘Scalar — jis any quantity that contains magnitude only, like distance, speed, temperature, ime, energy, mass, density, arithmetic numbers such as 2. x ete. Any directed line segment can be called a “Veetor™. The magnitucle ofa vector is the same as its length. Position Vector ~ any vector that starts atthe origin which usually represented by r, city tk Where ‘ij, and & are called unit vector, the expression Is also called a unit vector of A. (i.e. as) Yeotor Magnitude ~ is the length of the vector. Hence, the magnitude of ris h-seareeY x x z Right-handed, Z up Right-handed, Y up Zz! Y z x x Y Left-handed, Z up Left-handed, ¥ up —Biluality of Vectors — two vectors are equal ifand only if their magnitude and direction are the same (or they are parallel). Two vectors are equal if and only if their components are equal, VECTOR ALGEBRA 1. Vectors may be added or subtracted. WA=ai+ajtak md — B=bj +b,j+bsk ALB = (a £b)i + (a; £b.)/ +(ay 4b) 2. the’ associative, distributive, and commutative laws apply A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C : associative law K(A¥B) =kA+ KB distributive lawB+A commutative law A+B ‘Multiplication i, Sealar and Vector ‘m>0 (any Scalar) and A mA = may-+ may) + mask m 4 ©. Matrix! > 22 [+1 3] B. Matrix 1 | D. Matrix i" 532, Find the values of the unknown x and y from the following: 30 y 4-5 33 [: o I 5 as wo 2 A413 Cc. -1,3 B24 D. -2,4 23 33.1fA=|-1 2 05 a? 3] co fi 7 los} [2 0. 3 P23 oP 0 5} 53] ays 34, Evaluate the determinant: a-\! y y Is, 74 -3\o4 A. 489 C. 326 B. 373 D. 452 fry 36, The inverse of mattix| 5 | is 10/1] A. matey al c. Matis Hl gael 11 8. Matrix |! 1 D. Matix{~! 1 o1 5 36. Determine the eigen-values of the following matrix: [i ] 5 1 A 34 c.3, B81 D4. 37. Given the 3-dimensional vectors: A= (xy) i + (2yx) j + (32x) k B= (yz) i + (22x) j + (xy) k Determine the magnitude of the vector sum IA + BI_at coordinates (3, 2, 1) A. 32.92 ©. 27.20 B. 29.92 D. 24.7338, Simplify the expression (A x B) #C, given’ 31+ 2j +3j+k + 2k A. 180 C. 601 + 24k B. 20 D. 5i+2k 39, Use the cylindrical coordinates to find the area of the curved surface of a right circular cylinder where p = 2m,h=5m, and 30°

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