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Kahvecioglu Zeynep October 2621472 Article: Subscribe To Deepl Pro To Edit This Document. Visit For More Information

1. Anxiety is a future-oriented emotion triggered by uncertainty, unlike fear which is triggered by present threats. Anxiety disorders occur when anxiety spreads to every moment and interferes with daily life. 2. Stress, childhood trauma, and upbringing can trigger anxiety disorders. There are 7 main types including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobias, OCD, and PTSD. 3. Treatment includes psychotherapy like CBT to identify causes and solutions, as well as drug therapy to restore neurotransmitter balance using medications like SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. Seeking specialist help is important for correct diagnosis and treatment.

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Kahvecioglu Zeynep October 2621472 Article: Subscribe To Deepl Pro To Edit This Document. Visit For More Information

1. Anxiety is a future-oriented emotion triggered by uncertainty, unlike fear which is triggered by present threats. Anxiety disorders occur when anxiety spreads to every moment and interferes with daily life. 2. Stress, childhood trauma, and upbringing can trigger anxiety disorders. There are 7 main types including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobias, OCD, and PTSD. 3. Treatment includes psychotherapy like CBT to identify causes and solutions, as well as drug therapy to restore neurotransmitter balance using medications like SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. Seeking specialist help is important for correct diagnosis and treatment.

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Kahvecioglu Zeynep October 2621472
Article

ANXIETY TODAY'S DISEASE

INTRODUCTION

Anxiety, commonly known as anxiety disorder, is a very common


psychological disorder today and is often confused with fear. Although both emotions
arise from the same response center of our brain and are used synonymously today,
they differ in terms of their causes. While fear is a present-oriented emotion that is
triggered by the brain's perception of the current situation as a threat, anxiety is a
future-oriented emotion that is often triggered by a sense of uncertainty. Fear is
shorter in duration than anxiety and its source is more specific.

In its broadest definition, anxiety is a reaction of our body and mind to protect
itself against a thought that we develop about the existence of a situation that will
cause us discomfort and jeopardize our existence. However, this reaction is slightly
different from the anxiety we feel when we take an important step in our lives, such
as a university exam or an interview. Anxiety at such important times is a normal
process that every person experiences. However, in individuals with anxiety
disorders, this anxiety process spreads to every moment of life and interferes with
their daily work, damages their social life and causes a decrease in their performance
in their work and school life.

1.Causes of Anxiety Disorder

Stress plays an important role in the development of anxiety disorders. In


addition, traumas and traumatizing events experienced in childhood, the upbringing
of parents and the environment in which individuals grow up also trigger anxiety
disorders.

2. Types of Anxiety Disorder

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-


5), anxiety disorder has seven subheadings.

2.1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is defined as a condition in which a
person worries that something bad could happen to them at any time, causing them
to disrupt their daily activities. People with GAD are aware of the extremity of their
anxiety, but are unable to cope with it and therefore unable to calm down. According
to the American Depression and Anxiety Association, one in every five adults in the
United States is diagnosed with this condition. According to the Turkish Psychiatric
Association, 5 or 6 out of every 100 people may experience this disorder at some
point in their lives. GAD is also the most common anxiety disorder in old age.

2.2.Social Phobia (SF)

Social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder, is defined as the feeling
of excessive anxiety and worry that an individual develops in the face of daily
interactions. It is triggered by the fear of being judged and making mistakes, and
manifests itself as a feeling of shame. SF manifests itself in situations involving
performance, such as presentations or public speaking, or social interaction, such as
meeting new people. It is a protection mechanism that the person's brain produces to
protect itself against these situations that it perceives as a threat. According to the
Turkish Psychiatric Association, 24% of university students in Turkey have this
disorder.

2.3.Panic Disorder (Panic Attack)

Panic disorder is characterized by episodes of severe fear lasting between 10


and 30 minutes. The person may experience physical symptoms such as heart
palpitations, difficulty breathing, nausea, trembling and sweating, and may perceive
that they are going to die based on these symptoms. A person with panic attacks is
often fearful of death, worried that the physical symptoms will continue after the
attack has passed and that they will go crazy and lose their mind, and the severity of
the attack may increase. They may avoid certain places and situations for fear that
they may trigger a panic attack. This condition is called agoraphobia, which is
another title.

2.4.Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia can be seen in panic disorder, but it is also a common disorder


on its own. It usually occurs when people are in places (tunnels, subways, airplanes)

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where they think help will not reach them in case of an emergency. However, being
in rude environments can also trigger the disorder. If left untreated and progresses,
agoraphobia can make a person unable to leave the house.

2.5.Specific Phobias

Specific phobias are defined as an excessive fear of certain situations or


objects. People may be anxious about certain creatures (spiders, snakes, insects),
situations (seeing blood, vomiting), objects (needles) or places (confined spaces,
heights). As with other anxiety disorders, people with specific phobias may
experience disruptions in their social, work and school life.

2.6. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, more commonly known as OCD, is a


condition in which the patient has obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions increase
anxiety and compulsions decrease it. However, the brain struggles to keep up with
this change in anxiety levels and takes over the person's life. OCD can be manifested
by obsessions with cleanliness and symmetry, as well as by turning the lights on and
off a certain number of times before going to bed, or trying not to step on lines while
walking. The patient is aware of the excessive obsessions and compulsions but, as
with other anxiety disorders, has difficulty coping alone.

2.7. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), as the name suggests, is a stress


disorder caused by people's fears of a recurrence of the traumatic event. PTSD is
common among people who have been in military conflict, sexually or physically
assaulted, or affected by natural disasters. The person relives the trauma over and
over again in his/her mind, tries to avoid people, places and events that evoke the
trauma, and panic attacks may be triggered when he/she is compulsorily exposed to
one of these situations.

3.Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

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The treatment of anxiety disorders is of great importance, first for the person
himself/herself and then for his/her environment. Two methods are commonly used in
this treatment process. The first is psychotherapy directed by psychologists and the
second is medication directed by psychiatrists.

3.1.Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is defined as a method of therapy between a client and a


doctor that aims to find a solution to the client's discomfort through any psychological
means. The most common type of psychotherapy is cognitive behavioral therapy
(CBT). The basis of cognitive behavioral therapy is the relationship between the
client and the doctor, together they find the cause of the mental illness in the client
and the solution methods and determine a road map accordingly. The aim of CBT is
to find the cause of the client's distress and confront it under the control of an expert.

3.2.Drug Therapy

Anxiety occurs when the balance of certain neurotransmitters in the body is


disturbed, so certain groups of drugs (sedatives, tranquilizers, serotonin-
norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRI), benzodiazepines, antidepressants) are used to restore the correct and
balanced functioning of these neurotransmitters.

CONCLUSION

Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorders today and needs to
be treated to minimize problems in the patient's daily life. Although this article
contains general information about anxiety and treatment methods, it is of great
importance for individuals with anxiety disorders to seek the help of a specialist in
order to decide on the correct diagnosis and therefore the correct treatment method.

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