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351 viewsFocus 4 Upper Intermediate WB-compressed
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© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 162
Pearson Education Limited
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Essex, CMZ0 IE, England
‘and sociated Companies throughout the world
swvamanglshcomfocus
(© Pearson Eduestion Limited 2016
“The right of Davie Brayshew, Beata Tapnell and Bartosz Michalowakito be
‘dontifed os authors ofthe work has been asserted by them in accordance with
‘the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1968.
‘lights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored
ina revievl system or ransmitted in any frm or by any maar, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior writen
permission ofthe copyright holders.
Fas published 2016
ISBN 978-1.4079.9839-6
Setin Avent
Printed and bound by Golden Cup in Chins (CCN)
‘Acknowledgements
“The publisher and authors woud ke to thank the folowing people for their
feedback and comments curing the development ofthe materia:
Humberto Santes Duran, Anne Maria Grochowska, ngs Lande, Magdslena
osha, Rose Maia Maldonado, Julana Queiroz Pereira, Tomese Sua, Renata
Tomata Pasternak
Text
‘Weare grateful othe following fr parmiasion to reproduce copyright materia:
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Limited: Extract 74 adapted rom Ten ways that crivertess cars wil change the
‘word, The Telegraph, 78/05/2014 (Sparkes, Matthew). copyright © Telegraph
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sub-species close 0 extinction 17/12/2014 (Krol, Charlot, copyright ©
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(Collin, Nick), copyright © Telegraph Media Group Limited .
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‘material, and we would appreciate any information that would enable Us
don.
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‘Allother images © Pearson Education
Every fort has been made to trace the copyright holders and we apologise
im advance for any unintentional omissions We would be plesed to insert the
‘ppropteteecknonledgementin any subsequent edition of ths publication.0.4 Diet, 0.2 Fun and games .. ¥
0.3 Teenage types, 0.4 Visitors from space
0.5 Advertising, 0.6 Performers
0.7 UK vs USA, 0.8 USA vs UK
Nous
Unit 1 Do your best
BI Nocablan cies MO a ORL. IATA AB
1.2 Grammar es 10
4.3 Ustering language practice «....- ri
1.4 Reading . 12
4.5 Grammar. 14
1.6 Speaking lnoweon practice
1.7 Writing.
41.8 Language infocus - EF
1.9 Use of English .. sie ez
4.10 Solfassessment 2.2.6. 20
4.11 Self-check Vaginal
Unit 2 It takes all sorts
21: Vocabulary itdis S78 Vis awedls one beet vcd hte
2.2 Grammar 24.
2.3 Listening language practice .. 25
2.4 Reading ..
2.5 Grammer .
2.6 Speaking language practice .
2.7 Witing .
2.8 Language in focus
2.9 Use of English
2.10 Self-assessment
2.41 Self-check .
Unit 3 A place to live
3.1 Vocabulary
3.2 Grammar
2.3 Listening language practice .
3.4 Reading. we
3.5 Grammar
3.6 Speaking language practice
3.7 Writing =
3.8 Language in focus
3.9 Use of English .
3.10 Self-assessment .
3.11 Self-check
Unit 4 The cost of
4.1 Vocabulary
4.2 Grammar... z
4.3 Listening language practice .
4.4 Reading ie
4.5 Grammar
44.6 Speaking language practice
Bair Witing Complete the text withthe woul in the box.
Change the form of the yerbs if necessary.
ST arRIEOE) 1
[SHOW AIA OU KNOW sete { forgevdo _hear/Mum and Dad/talk 1
L rememberfoll stop/think ty/count try/get
| 1. Tick the correct sentence in each pair. Sometimes both
sentences are correct.
: When was ite dine eee a8 son
\cantimagine ling uch an esysest_ Ft) ern hae it th pillow mostrights Ira the
| BT coritar eevee rm led are eo comfort of! downstairs and how the faint
|| 28s ganna ti anlaaalor ne sound ofthe voices uEed to sand mete sleep amos
| F nea an eet Ene re oe rg. immediately. These days | find it a lot more difficult.
eerrorstany ecient ‘To my mind, there is nothing more frustrating than
oO
travel all the way home without walking.
OO a ramet tosloep. Sometimes, can't
3. a Many families can't afford sending their | Take SIRS IGE Wana
chien to private schools have ‘some homework for one of my subjects
1b Many families can't afford to send their | Gg eeonareaanen: ee
Renters sotcole | it didn't work. I ended up worrying about my Maths test
‘a Jay likes to ask his teachers difficult questions,
b Jay likes asking his teachers difficult questions
5 a Myparents won't let me to miss school unless
the next day.
A eietal se
I'm realy sick
b_ Myparents wor't let me miss school unless
| I'm really sick
2. % Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets. Sometimes more than one answer
is possible.
© Most people sta 2 (leave) the club at
around 2 a.m
1. The teacher told a joke which caused the whole
class (ugh).
2 We've arranged (meet) after school today to
talk about the end of term party
3. We feel the school should do more to encourage
students (‘ecycle) their rubbish,
4, Please keep (work) on Exercise 6. I'llbe back in
a moment,
5. Chloe! You spend too much time. (tall). Please
be quiet and focus on the lesson.
1) 8 remember putting my wallet in my back podket Choose the correct options.
BAG HE gine! 41 Brianne cleat emembers test meeting her
| remembered to 2ip my purse safely inmy bag. L_] boyfriend for the first time,
Alter the recent thefts, we would lke to advise students
3. * * Match the sentences with the meanings. |
|
remember something, then do it 2
not f0 leave / leave valuables in their lockers.
We were tired and thirsty, so we stopped to have /
having a drink atthe café
| saw the boys breaking the window, then to un /
running away.
i remember that you did something earlier
{forgot to mention that Imi vegetarian
b I'l never forget meeting the Prime Minister
forget that you need to do something
forget something that happened earlier
Eva stopped to tie her shoelace 5. your computer freezes, try to turn / turing it on and
Please stop looking at your phone! off again and see ifthat helps.
stop one thing inorder to do something else 6 Ourteacher always makes us to switch / switch our
erecta colbert phones off before the lesson.
Bel ear
4 a Fora better nights sleep, ty drinking more |
water and less coffee throughout the day. [L]
b We tried to persuade our quests to stay longer. L]
i maké an effort to do something dificult
it do something as an expetiment to soe wt
14| Beseribing) a phatis
1. Match adjectives 1-6 with speakers a-g.
-0 thrilled Bl 4 frustrated Q
1. confused 5. relieved O
2 determined Oe tewitied Oo
3. enthusiastic
‘2 [will ish this book tonight'even if | have to stay up
all night
b- Spain is such a wonderful place and the people are so
friendly. You'll have a fantastic holiday.
© Did she say tum left, then take the first right or take the
fistright, then turn lef?
d_ Thank goodness we made it through the trafic
| thought we were going to miss the start of the play.
‘© Aargh! There's a huge spider Killit, please!
£ Every time | try to download the update, it gets to
ninety percent, then says there is an error. its driving
me crazy!
'Y/ Awatch! Oh Dad, its exactly the one I wanted. Thank
* you! Its the best gift ever
2 Complete the sentences with the adjectives in Exercise 1.
(0. Only the brightest and most determined students will
finish the course with an'A’ grade.
1 Led’
doesn't seem to be making any progress.
because he is tying very hard but
2 Weare absolutely you could make it forthe
+ party, Helen. Its so wonderful to see you
3 Iwas so
nothing serious.
when the doctor told me it was
4 Connor acts like a tough guy, but he's secretly
of thunder storms,
5 Kelly was very
She told us all it was the best burger she'd
about that new burger place.
er had,
6 I think you must have obt
Friday, not this Friday
‘The party is next
3 Match the sentence halves.
© Ws obvious a onhis appearance, I'd say
he' fit and healthy.
1 Itseems Tb easy to say exactly why he's
upset.
2 Itappearsas [1] just started at anew school,
cor moved into a new class
3. Based 1d though the little boy is very
excited about something.
4 Itsnot 1 e tobe autumn, judging by the
colour ofthe leaves.
5 She might have Ls to be sure whether they are
related, but they ook similar.
Tg trom her uniform that she's in
the military
6 Itshard
iY MME practice
4 Read the text and choose the correct options.
Both photos show people learning some kind of
skill. Inthe first photo, I can see a martial arts class of
some sort. | can't really ‘sure /tell whether it's karate
cr judo or some other combat sport, but judging
2by / on her black belt, the woman on the left is en
expert. *Personally / Clearly, she's the instructor and
the three people watching her are’students, The
‘chances / chance are they are fairly new students as
they aren’t wearing suits or belts.
In the second photo, a group of older people are
leaning a practical skill. fP§shows / looks as though
they'te doing a painting class because eachof
them has a drawing in front of them and they'te all
holding colouring pencils. They're ¢surely / definitely
concentrating hard on what they're doing, Perhaps
they ’should/ might be preparing for an exhibition
of their work.
questions below.
1. Personally, |t___, they should be able to inspire less
sporty students to get involved.
F__t__r_1f_ itis important to make
PE lessons fun, and not too competitive.
2 T___b___ h__, although I'd like to keep fitter,
| don't have time. Walking to school is the only exercise
| get
3. Combat sports and motor sports, | suppose
1__ m__ 0_though, ifthe people involved
know the risks, then iS up to them ifthey want
to put themselves in danger. T__ wt
campaigns to ban things like boxing or motorcycle
racing are a bad idea
4. Definitely ‘doing’. I love sport and1i__to keep
swimming and playing football until'm old and grey
‘A___, |also enjoy watching spor, but if had to
choose, then ‘doing’
‘2 Which sports do you think are the most
dangerous and why?
Is regular exercise important to you? Why!
Why not?
€ In your opinion, what characteristics should
‘good PE teachers have?
d_ Given the choice, do you prefer doing sport,
watching sport or no spert at all?
[EDS es cat
15urd
1 Complete the report with the
There are two extra headings.
radings in the box.
Berbecue Charity fundraising
Conclusion Events Introduction
co Refreshments
‘The purpose of this report is to inform Year 10
students of the activities which are being planned
for the autumn bazaar.
= ij
Itwas decided that all the food and drinks will
be provided by students. Mr Jones suggested that
we each bring one dish or bottle. A list of what is
needed will be posted on the school website. |
c
Local firefighters will be giving a talk and
organising a first-aid training seminar. The school
‘orchestra will be performing and it is hoped that
well-known local singer Merilyn will be at the
bazaar to sign autographs.
Each year group will have its own table, where.
pupils can sell craft items, second-hand books,
‘games, etc. in order to raise money for a charity of
|| thelr choice. It would benefit the organisers if you
could inform them of what you plan to sell.
E
Alot of points were discussed, although there are
still a number of decisions to be made. If you have
|| any further ideas to suggest, please come to our
next meeting.
In which parts of the report ‘does the writer do
‘these things?
1
2
3
4
5
list a number of activities
summarise her findings
ask students to contact the organisers
‘explain the reason for her report
report a suggestion
SoS88
1d phrases in the report that have si
to these phrases.
1 we hope that
lar meanings
2. we talked about many things
3. Imowriting because | want
4 you could help us if
5 we haven't decided about everything yet
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
1 You are advised (wear) sun
cream and a hat on the day, as the weather will be hot
2. tewas decided (invite) the
mayor to offically open the bazear.
3 We recommend that all second-hand items
(be) in good condition and not
broken or dirty.
4 He suggested (have) athletics
‘events such as running races.
5 He suggests that we. (Give) all
the money raised to the local animal welfare group.
6 We intend {ennounce) further
events in due course.
‘Are the statements true (T) or false (F)?
1 Areport should have an interesting ttle
which attracts the reader’ attention.
2. I should divide my report into sections.
3 Asemi-formal style of writing is most suitable
for a report.
4 Ina report, the writers expected to
make suggestions.
00.000
5 You should never use the Passive in 2 report.
6 Areport must always include an introduction
and a conclusion.
OoSHOW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT} ee
6 You are a member of a sports club which is organising
‘a summer sports day. You recently had a meeting to
discuss the arrangements and you have been asked to
write a report. Your report should include information
‘bout events, organising the sports day and how other
members can contribute.
Write your report in 140-190 words.
jHOW THAT YOU'VE CHECKED.
In my report:
Thave organised my writing cleary, dividing it into
** Thave included an introduction, several main
sections and a conclusion with suggestions or
+ recommendations
12d why | zm writing in the introduction,
ave given factual statements using simple active
3d passive verb forms.
* [have included a summarising sentence in the
final section,
* thave used a se
| crabbreviations.
rmal style, without contractions
La
Oo
Oo
oO
oO
oO
o
** Ihave checked my spelling and punctuation.
‘= Ihave written 140-190 words.
‘= my handwriting is neat enough for someone else.
to read.
alla
LYanguage/in focus
ing forms
Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.
Use -ing forms.
always/complain bark be tired offdiet_|
keep/prectise . not answer the phone
stop/watch waste time/worry
1) ind it hard to spend time with Connor because he
about his personal problems.
2 is only going to make things
worse, You have to talk to each other at some point!
3 Until you get it right, Ruth!
(Otherwise you'll never be ready to play in the concert.
4 Wayne has the news on TV
because he finds it all so depressing.
5 Mydad 1 sowe're going for
burgers and chips!
6 Damien's dog
hours ~ it's driving me crazy!
7 Don't
can't change
for hours and
about things you
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in the box. There are two extra verbs.
be eat hand fear look |
put take terrify wash
Lionel’s been
a English with an online tutor.
Not where you are going can lead to accidents.
Dieticians advise you to avoid___anything bigger
than your fist
3. I don't understand what is so difficult about
your assignment in on time.
4 cheeky to your teacher will probably get you
in trouble.
5. Hamilton's new bookiisa collection of seven_
ghost stories.
6 The most successful students are the ones who are,
900d at. notes during lectures.
Complete the sentences with it or there.
© x's no good shouting and getting angry, Jean. That's
not going te help.
1 ___‘sno point taking the driving test again until
you've learned how to reverse park.
2 ___'s no good criticising this work. Let's start all over,
again, shall we?
3 __'s no way I'llbe finishing work today, I'm afraid.
4. |s____ any point in paying so much for a Tshirt?
5 ___'s not worth going shopping now because all the
shops close in fifteen minutes.
6 Was" yesterday that you started feeling il?
17GAM
Lise 0
For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C
or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning
Getting ideas
Is it sometimes realy dificult to ®aet ideas for school projects? Most of us
know the problem. Itt____ to be easy when we were younger — we had
great imaginations and loads of creativity. But it gets harder and harder. So,
you're siting at home trying to think of some interesting things to put in an
essay or a story. Or maybe you're?__with @ problem and the answer just
isn't coming to you. You're*_and your mind is empty. So what do you
do? You___trying, of course! The problem is that this may be the wrong,
approach entirely.
Experts say that one of the best things to do is to stop *_ about the
problem completely. Change the space you're in. Move into different room
or go outside. Another answer is to* _ worrying about fora while. Go
{for a walk or take @ shower and think about something completely different.
Ideas or the answer to your problem will pop into your head ”__magie!
It’ also important to keep your mind sharp and tran it to be creative! Ifyou
reqularly*___ lots of different things, the mental exercise can help when
you really need to get those ideas quickl.
0 Amake 8 Ccome Diearn
1 Awould B will Cused Dias
2 Acoping Bstruggling C tackling D attacking
3. Afrustrated —_B diligent confused D persistent
4 Aurge Beep Cforce Dintend
5 Athink Bto think Cto thinking D thinking
6 Asetoff Bhand in Catch up Dputoff
7 hes Bsame Clik Dover
8 Aremind Bsearch Cfamilisrise Dmemorise
TIPS:
(Guoston 1: You need word to express past habitthat followed by to,
[Question 4: Only one of these verbs can be followed by 2 verb ending in -ing.
{Question 6: Which ofthese phrasal verbs means’stop for awhile"?2 For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of
some of th
‘an example at the beginning.
Stand up, sit down!
Doctors advise people to stand up and walk around for at least
twenty minutes 2 day. However, many adults are ®uwwvillina to
change their routines, even though itis common *
thet siting down all day is bad for their health. For this reason,
several primary schools have started to make moving around
a? for their students. They are not saying that al the
children have to be super? but they want them to
stand up and move at every opportunity. The children have to
stand up to answer a question or when a4 + comes
into the classroom. They stand up and sit down at certain
points during songs and have * 10 see who can
walk the furthest during the course of the school day. A®
from one of the schools says that the children are adopting these
new habits”, He adds that increased activity lke this
is also leading to better concentration and more highly *
students, Sounds like an excellent idea forall of us!
es to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is
PRIOR
‘SPORT
visit
COMPETE
REPRESENT
ENTHUSIASTIC
MOTIVATE
{Question 5: After changing this verb into a noun, do you need singular or plural?
‘Question 7: The word given is an adjective. How can you change it to fit the sentence?
19ERM SSSA
1. For each learning objective, tick the box that best matches your ability.
©O =| understand and can help a friend. @® _ =lunderstand some, but have some questions.
© _ =Junderstand and can do it by myself. @® =I donot understand.
‘Students! Book pages 12-13,
[ean kab edieton andlor |
| x1 vocab {len mle WSs
Students’ Book page 14
1.2 | Grammar | can talk about present and past habits. | Workbook page 10
- | can understand! the main points in short Students! Book page 15,
| {13 orang [seco | Worbock sage
1 fant intend tems | [Ncticepee
| 10) ele |r rwiaeu a teaats. eae
iy te -eeliaiiaiainae | ee
FL a Wing — | en etn roa alan Rexel
2. What can you remember from this unit?
New words | learned Expressions and phrases | liked English | heard or read outside class
(the words you most want:to remember from | (any expressions or phrates you think sound | (e.g. from websites, books, adverts, films,
this unit) nice, useful or funny) music)Telnet akexels9
‘each word is given.
Het such a gr son. I'm sure he'll get on with
everybody realy well and make loads of new friends
My dad wants me to study law but | wish to
my own career as an actor and go to a theatre school.
If Joshua doesn’t e@ €/pfap on his sleep, he will be
to0 tired to do well in the exam he's got tomorrow.
The school you're looking for is easily r €ene2A, ech
because its painted bright yellow with red flowers.
Joan is a real deep th ol 50 |im surg her blogs are
P pie Yes
{ul of interesting observations abdu
‘Complete the words in the sentences. The first letter of |
|
|
as
words in capitals.
We cde to ve curieohe 7
Gira: sc aca aR
What's your most a1CZi/
school days? MEMORY
Ihave never met a eee anes man than
Mah spends» of pip rn STUDY
People witha strong i
‘excellant at drawing and interpr sting te
Before you start teaching here, you should
yourself with the national curriculum. F
‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the |
vep.suring your primary
3. Choose the correct options.
Whenever Helen is bored, she(willdramy d draw
flowers instead of asking for a change of topic.
He never pays attention in class — he 2
would always play with his phone!
Before 2 new teacher was employed, we didn't used /
Jo have regular art classes.
HE as eotca! (EUR aiertor ae
homework when he wes preparing fora test
Nernst etc ol
0 close to school that | could hear the school bel.
al
‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
words in brackets. Add any necessary words.
I think Alex.
‘sweets in the school shop.
The presentation has to be ready tomorrow, so let's get
started. | (not fancy/stay up)
The instructor (urge/e/pay) more
attention to his demonstration.
Will you ever.
assignments on time?
Last week (hear/he/talk) about his
desire to become a dactor one day.
(spend/much meney/buy)
(remember/boring) your
B
5. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the fist, using the word in capitals. Do not
‘change the word in capitals.
1. Rob had an annoying habit of speaking Spanish during
his English classes. ALWAYS.
Rob Spanish during his English
classes.
‘Don't forget to seta date for the charity concert Carl
said to me, REMINDED
Cad {or the charity concert
Dees it really make sense to start learning four foreign
languages atthe same time? POINT
is teaming four foreign languages at
the same time?
Many people expected free education because there
‘was Rever any talk about school fees. GRANTED
Many people used to because there
‘was never any talk about schoo! fees.
‘After not seeing Tim for a few years, we finally heard
each other’ news. CAUGHT
After not seeing Tim for a few years, we finally
Caps 2, Complete the text with one wo
Is creativity important?
‘each gap.
Teachers and psychologists agree that most kids
have an incredible % for knowledge and if
encouraged appropriately, they are willing to learn
‘to be creative and curious. They also point out that
teachers in secondary schools in particular should
Promote creativity and ?___ pupils carry out
more experiments, investigate problems and come
up with solutions. It’s * good just learning
facts if a student doesn’t have the ability to use that
knowledge creatively. In some countries cre
a ‘actually taught as a subject because it
helps students to be better equipped when they —
- ‘on to further studies or work. It also
makes people look for alternative solutions and
answers to particular problems.IT TAKES ALL SORTS
{SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW
11 Complete the sentences with family words.
0 used to go out with Grace. Shes my ax.oivtfrinndt
1. Fiona is my daughter's daughter's daughter. She's my
2 1was married to Graham for four years before we
divorced, He's my
3 After my mum and dad got divorced, my dad married
Joan, She's my
4 Chris end | have the same fether but different mothers.
He's my,
5. My parents aren't religious, so I don't have any
my
WORD STORE 2A
Family, celebrations and religious ceremonies
2 Complete the text with the words in the box. There are
three extra words.
ceremony concert distant
_>| extended gathering imme
only priest reception shrines
“International refugee and human rights low, has,
“made the unusual move for a professional in her field
‘of marrying on actor. Alamuddin and her husband,
‘whose name is George, were married in Venice,
‘not by o sri, but by the couple's friend Wolter
‘wos
‘watched by the * ‘end? fomilies of
the bride and groom, os well os close friends. It wos
followed by a luxurious * ot the seven-star
‘Amon hotel. With several hundred people on the
{quest list this wos certainly not a small 3
Lasting several days, the celebrotions gave guests
the chance to moke the most of beautiful Venice and
Visit its galleries, museums, chapels ond *
\Veltroni, the ex-mayor of Rome. The*_
6 I married Paul. Carl is Paul’ son by his fist wife. He's F
WORD STORE 2B
Verb-noun collocations
4. Complete the text with the missing words. The number
cof the words: eae
© IMMEDIATE
2 I'msorry, but only innesinne family ae allowed to
visit pations inthe intensive cae ward
can't come over inurl but Illbe there this
aftemoon i that's OK with you
+. BLESS
The priest gave his to the newlywede
1b InEngland, when someone sneezes, its polite to say,
: i
2 MASS
I've never met anyone with such 2 family!
b There are three at the church on Sundays:
7am, am: and7 p.m.
3 CHILD
a Only inevitably miss out on the pluses of
having brothers and sisters.
b Doyouhave tobe so. 2Grow up!
4 RECEIVE
2 My nephew works as 2 at the Grand Hotel
b Mybrother’s band often play et birthday parties and)
wedding
5. DISTANT
a. I've only met her once. She's 2 relative
b The huge between London and Auckland_
means flights take almost twenty-four hours.
of letters is given in brackets.
(They nt nigh of eedom, ha wile au (3) on party
{for him at Hotel La Sicilians. Friends and ‘business partners’
(8) him with gifts and relatives?
fuss of him. Brothers, uncles and
‘what a guy’ he was and that ‘two years is nothing, Tony!”
‘Sisters and aunts with lumps in their * (7) and tears:
‘in their eyes checked constantly whether he was hungry
or thirsty. .
‘After dinner, Tony stood atthe head ofthe table, raised
‘lass and* __(8)atoast. He thanked his wife and
family fr the party and to them how much he would miss
‘them. Then, addressing his many ‘associates’, he reminded
‘them, “Though I'l be away fora few years, gentlemen, don't
*_(4) sight ofthe fct that Lam, and will continue to
be, the Boss”
cectIWORD STORE 2C WORD STORE 2D
Extra verb-noun collocations Common phrases
'5 Complete the pairs of sentences with the words in bold. 6 Complete the words in the conversations. The first
letter of each word is gi
© concert, party
a On23 October Ether Music Club is putting on a 1A: The girs are really spits by their dad. if Mum
rock conzer featuring local bands. says no, they go ask Dad, knowing he will probably
b Are we putting on a party to celebrate Mum's say yes.
fiftieth birthday? B: I know. | think both parents should try to give out
1. frog, lump the same message. It may be tricky sometimes, but
‘2 Do you happen to have @ mint’or a throat swest? itew. thee, in the long term.
Ive got a___in my throat 2 A: Eve just loves being the ¢ ofa
b Though it was Sarah's decision, she still had a_ ‘She was actually pleased when she broke her arm_
jin her throat as she told Sam it was over. because of the fuss that everyone made of her.
2. motion, toast S B: | know. Its like it was the h. of her year!
‘@ I'dlike to propose to love, life, health and Lcan't see anything exciting about having to wear
happiness. 2 plaster for six weeks
bb Paiament proposed a___ yesterday to ban 3A: The travel agent told me that seeing the Northern
‘advertising on buildings in the city centre Lights was 2.0 inal e
3. fool, fuss Never to be forgotten, she ssid.
a Joseph made 2 complete _of himself rying to B: And?
break-dance at the graduation ceremony. ‘A: Well, we paid hundreds of pounds, walked for
b Miss Haverstock’s former students made a_/_of hours and sat in the freezing cold for two nights
her new baby when she brought him into class to without seeing so much as a single star. Not exactly
say hello thet of my | “mean, Ive had
4 count, sight more fun asleep!
a WtSeasy tolose__of the fact that your problems
are minor compared to what some young people SHOW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT.
have 0 cope with
Ib Fay naclitat== val haw roan lesions shed TE HERS SNS EAU SES OCT,
Tinned accongtoherrenee tnsstwche, | 1 Were oniyinviing the extended /immecat fay.
5 gifts, ps | Tobe honest, we couldn't ford to pay forall those
cousins, nieces and nephews. |
a Leon was showered with by the local
naimetaraiseiuind Baie: eiiegcany 6 2. The mass / reception began with a toast before a lovely
Ellie was used to being showered with __ by her arate esrolloas oie ite ele
aera aiid 3. Spirit houses are small shrines / blessings to the
protective spirit of a place outside houses in Thailand. |
4. This government hes lost sight of /for the mood of the |
nation it serves, |
5 We always make a foo! / fuss of Grandma on her |
birthday. This year we are taking her to the theatre and’ |
then for fish and chips. Thats what she loves! |
6 All the mums (and some of the dads) hed frogs /lumps |
in their throats as they watched thei litle ones in the
school pay.
7 Though it may be difficult to run regularly, its worth the
effor / attention in terms of fitness.
8 Nathan had the highlight /time of his life at the
| snowboarding camp.
| 9 Seeing Germany beat Brazil at the World Cup fina in
Rio de Janeiro was a once ina life / lifetime experience
|
|
I
|
10 Many spoil / only children wish they had asibling, |
7 |
23Past Perfect Simple and Continuous
[SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW |— Sete
| 1. Match the sentence halves. There is one extra ending. Then complete the sentences with the Past Perfect Simple
form of the verbs in brackets.
(© Bethwas embarrassed because she had aut ox (putor) [Ei]
a ofbissize.
1. Dan couldn't order his new trainers online because by He wni Siareoe har handy
tee a aearetel iver a fan E)_ © Bttofhispocker while he was ling on the grass.
|: ‘Suda colerfeainr her leterydr bacaidatimeone d_ and had no idea how they worked.
| (steal) Te aswimming cap.
| 4 John wasn't allowed in the pool because Paaeeieeriskessients
he (not bring) @
5) Kyle (never/use) 8 washing machine before [=] 9 cinema tickets for 5 pm. We won't have time for dinner
6 I wish we (not book) O np
odd socks by mistake that morning,
2% Complete the texts with the verbs in the box. 4% % * Complete the text with the Past Perfect Simpl
4 cr Past Perfect Continuous form of the verbs in
had been cycling had been had been feeling the box,
had been looking forward to _ had done (x2)
fadestes hadfailed hadhe set off always/start correctly/predict do
hadn't worked goof hear look forward love
tu weit
1. Awtils face was a funny green colour. She said she Ee
“ya sata a whole tub of ce cream an hour earlier George and Gina asd boon waiting for Christmas for
and* sick ever since. When I asked why she roughly 364 days. Ever since they were children, they
. that, she said she ¢ a test at school everything about the festive season, especially
and needed cheering up. Clearly, her plan * Christmas dinner. And George and Gina 2 early. Bythe
2 Jack to school for ten minutes when he | end of each summer they? __mast of their Christmas
‘ 3 : é
noticed how quiet the streets were and finally realised | SHopping and by late October they “___their tree. Their
i Satay Why oneath®- frschoaton | ffs? Cas cars ine Novebet or as
Sword? abogandaa ac ansne | Rae eeaalrememons |
« the weekend all week. His family were going hig Melek Andee Spat Ah A
ceiuaGhTeduathay feundiour ast? | George and Gina's absolute favourite. Ever since they
this, they® ___to Christmas even more than
3% % Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect ‘ever. When George opened the curtains on Christmas morning,
iple or Past Perfect Continuous form of the verbs in he was greeted by a winter wonderland, Unfortunately, whén
brackets. | he went downstairs, he discovered it ® so much t
© 2 When we finally landed, the plane had ben fiuing | the electricity __. Christmas dinner was a cold hama
(i) for lourteen fois sandwich eaten ina dark room next to an unit tree.
b When we finally landed, the plane inad-iun (ly)
~ ‘over 5,900 miles. 7[SHOW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT} ——
1a Charles and kitty, (live) together for twenty
years when they finaly got married. Se cliores thie cores Oo bore,
b Charles and Kitty (inoM) each other for 1. He had attempted / had been attempting the problem
most of their lives when they finally got married, 100 times before he finally solved it,
2a Vladimir. (sneak) out of the house at night 2 By midnight, athe quests had left /had been leaving.
for month before he was finally caught. 3. Claire was given full marks in the speaking test. She
Earlier that night, Viadimi (eneak) out of had revised / had been revising all week long
4 When the police checked the drivers involved in the:
accident, they discovered that one of them had drunk /|
the house without waking his parents.
3. a Before he wes forced to resign, the minister
(receiv) illegal gifts on several occasions had been drinking,
bb Before he was finally caught, the minster 5 Ryanleft the room after the exam had finished /
(receive legal gifts for more than a year. had been finishing
4 Thesecurity guard (sleep) for hours when 6 They had planned /had been planning the wedding
the office was broken into. | for months when he discovered she was actually in love!
b The security guard was fired because he with someone else. E
(sleep) through the burglary. eeComparative expressions *
Dependent prepositions
1 Complete the extract from a talk by a neuroscientist
with the words in the box. There are two extra words,
Ta tater ered) te]
similar the most worse J
| Extract fom Students Book recording
ftwasn't my original career plan — that was to bes -
ee a ct cacheter ner pata at |
4 ‘more interesting than the body. And the facts
that there is so much that we stil don’t understand about |
‘the workings of the mind. Something that neuroscientists |
have been taking an interest in recently isthe nature of
love. Experts from all over the world have been doing
research into this fascinating aspect of human
behaviour. Here in the UK, but also in China, where
2__ important recent research has been done.
Those studies show that the feeling we call love’
actually a chemical reaction in the brain and they have
done tests to show this, It appears that the powerful ' |
feeling of loving’ someone has? roots in the
brain to the reasons we become hungry orthisty. tsa
very strong chemical need! In other words, it's ¢
a drug.
[... The evidence for this has come from different types of |
‘ests, One was filming the reactions of people when they |
were putin diferent situations, asked questions or shown
photos of people they loved. What the Chinese scientists
also did was to put people in brain scanners to look at
their brain activity when they looked at the photos. They
then. the results with the brain activity when the
people were shown photos of people they had no feelings)
for. The results were pretty dramatic! i
2 Choose the correct answer, A, Bor C.
1. Love, it seers, has similar roots in the brain __our
feelings of hunger or thirst.
Ato Bas C than
2 __ many seventeen-year-olds, Monica couldn't wait to
be eighteen.
AAs B Like € Similar
3. As young adults come of age, they spend _more
time thinking about romantic relationships.
A alittle B many C alot
4 Thisis_ fascinating place we've visited so far on
cour holidays.
Atthemost B farmore more than
5 They compared the people's reactions before taking
the drug _ their reactions after taking a mild dose.
A for B with € against
‘REMEMBER THIS
Use comparatives with the ... the
change or vary together:
The longer we are together, the more | love you.
Note the word order in bath clauses: the + comparative
expression + subject + verb,
| Comparative expressions with nouns can also be used
The longenthe relationship, the more partners discover
about each other.
10 say that things
Note how the word order inthe fist clause ciffers:
| the + comparative adjective + the + subject
3. Read REMBER THIS. Use the prompts to complete the
sentences with the ... the .. structures.
© rice/hotel, money
The nicer thebetel, thesnort woneys youtll have to pay for
1. fasticar, petrol
ituses
2 long/hike, water
you'll need to take with you.
3. big/barbecue, sausages
we'll be able to cook.
4 steep/sk slope, falls and injuries
there are.
5 cute/puppy, chance
there is of finding it
‘a home.
WORD STORE 2E
Dependent prepositions
4 Complete the adverts with a word or phrase that
means the same as the information in brackets. The
first letter of each word is given. Then add the correct,
prepositions.
‘At Cupids Arrow, wesszinice — T[Here at Couture Plus
(re experts) Lzhelping you findthe || we are p.
perfect parte (extremely enthusiastic)
‘Twenty tree weddings thee years, || XL fashion.
‘of operations ‘The bigger the better!
STA)
‘AtTinytotsTutoringwef__ |
(concentrate) ___providingearly |
education rite Erstens. |
‘The earlier they start, the faster
they'llearn
Would you ike to
P.
(be involved),
the next city marathon?
je gan form.
ements the ogee
cu he greet see
of achievement!
[Sroking ite (comecedd
coun fetrecerng testes:
“The oaner you stp, he lower he ris
Gal Outine on 71994 994
25‘dystopia (r) ~ an imaginary place where life is extremely bully (¥) = threaten to hurt someone, especially someone
difficult and unfair things happen smaller or weaker
starve to death (ph) = die of hunger ‘magnify () = make larger
‘eternal youth (ohr) = the mythical state of never flawed (adi) = spoiled by having mistakes, weaknesses or by
growing old being damaged
‘triumphing over the odds (ph) ~ succeeding or
winning in a very difficult situation
TTL]
You searched for The Hunger Games ~
17 results match your search
| The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins started
25 a series of young adult adventure novels and is
now a multimedia franchise worth milions. Te fm
adaptation of the frst novel grossed over $400 milion
and helped launch the career of Oscar winner Jennifer
|) Lawrence. For anyone unfamiliar with the series (where
have you been forthe last few years), the story is
set ina dystopian future in te totalitarian nation of
Panem. The Hunger Games is an annual event in which
two representatives from each of Panem’s twelve
districts are selected to take part. Unfortunately forthe
young representatives, the Games’ goa isto eliminate
their fellow competitors in a brutal fight tothe death —
and it's al televised forthe est of Panem to enjoy
Ceary, witha plot like this, both the books and films contain violence and kiling. It used to be taboo for children to kil
chien in stories, but tis is evidently no longer the case. And The Hunger Games i fa from alone in presenting a grim and |
bloody vision of the future. Among many other, there's Moira Young's Blood Red Road, Malorie Blackman’s Noughts and
Crosses and Meg Rosoffs How I Live Now, a story of teenage passion ina future England at war, and now a major film staring
Saoirse Ronan,
So what i it about these dark tales that attracts teenage readers? Why has dystopia become so feshionable? Are we, today’s
young adults, perhaps reacting to the negativity caused by economic recession, university fees andthe prospect of never
getting a mortgage?
Meg Rosoft says older teenagers ‘see adulthood on the horizon and that's as scary as the apocalypse’. Imagining that you're
living ina place in which milions have staved to death (The Hunger Games), been killed off because eternal youth has been
}) discovered (Gemma Malley's The Declaration) or are ving in a world died up by climate change (Moira Young's Blood Red
J) "Road) can heip you look at your problems ina different light. Compared to a dystopian nightmare, fears about having spots or
1) ‘taking exams seem considerably less terrifying.
Moira Young expresses a similar idea: ‘think it (Blood Red Road) fits with young people's anxieties about the future, in that |
|) i's about a heroic figure triumphing over the odds’ Gemma Malley suggest:that dystopias not only magnify what teens go
|) through in terms of bullying and the strugele to make their own decisions, but also feed ‘their appetite for adrenaline, These
{} novels are like scary rides ina theme park
Fans of young adutt fiction, and in particular female ones like me, seem to respond not just to the action packed plas ofthese |)
novels but also the realism of the flawed and complex characters that are found in them. Katiss Everdeen, the heroine in
J) The Hunger Games, has hunting skis and a fierce protectiveness towards her litle sister that make her, ike Meg Rosof's
Daisy, and Moira Young's Saba, the opposite to Bella Swann, the passive, well-behaved vampire lover from Stephenie Meyer's
Twilight series. One fellow Hunger Games fan commented ‘if you've gota brain, vampires suck. Girls aren't waiting to be
saved any more. Katiss i the kind of strong teenage heroine we were all wating for!
Tales of dystonia won't be popular forever. Just ike vampires and werewolves before them, they will eventually be replaced
by something new. Ifyou, dear readers, are anything like me, then you'll be eager to discover what the next trend in teenage
fection is grng tobe
y4
Read the text quickly. Is the statement true (T) or false (F)?
There is a suggestion that dystopian novels such as,
‘The Hunger Games are not as popular as they were
in the past
Read the text again and choose the correct answer,
A,B,CorD.
1. The writer suggests that The Hunger Games
A isunfamiliar to many olderreaders
B only became famous because it starred Jennifer
Lawrence.
was successful in both book and film form
D was written for children,
2 The writer
A. recommends a selection of dystopian novels. «
B attempts to explain the appeal of dystopian novels.
C is critical of dystopian novels.
D reviews a well-known dystopian novel
3. The writer suggests that dystopian novels
‘A. are unsuitable for teenagers because they are
t00 violent.
B are often scarier than novels about vampires or
werewolves. a
€ can help teenage readers to put the problems of
adolescence into perspective.
D arean escape from the realities of teenage life.
4 The writer mentions the character Katniss Everdeen as
an example of
‘A. a new kind of female heroine.
B a traditional female character
CC a passive, well-behaved heroine.
D_aunique character in young adult fiction.
5 Thewiter suggests that
‘A. young adults will only ead whats in fashion.
B young people aren't interested in heroes any more.
vampire novels are usually more popular than
dystopian novels.
D_ dystopian novels will eventually become unfashionable.
mi
|
|
|
REMEMBER BETTER
When you are reading authentic texts such as the novel
mentioned i
he text above, look out for typical endings
used to form nouns and adjectives. Try to work out
meaning of unfamiliar words using context and your
knowledge of common patterns of word formation
Complete the table.
nation, rationalise national
nationalist
nationalism
competition, compete competitive
darkness : dork 3
a respond responsive
responsibilty
triumph triumph
protection, protect protective
protector,
‘ | dedicate dedicated
Complete the sentences with words from the table.
4 Choose the correct options to complet
0 The government is planning to
system using taxpayers’ money.
1 Here we see the Chinese gymnastics team — the
new Olympic champions and the pride of their nation.
2. Jane is absolutely toher job. She is the most,
creative and caring teacher | know.
3 Successful retailers are
They identify neads and try to meet them as quickly
as possible.
4. Aid workers treating Ebola patients must wear masks,
the postal
to customers’ desires.
gloves and full
5 Myuncle has always been very____ He can’t stand
losing at anything, especially chess.
clothing at all times.
WORD STORE 2F
Word families
the news
headii
1 Ford announces new concept/ conceive
in driverless transportation
2. Police unable to explain mysterious
disappearance / disappear of High Court judge
3. Three hurt in city centre explode / explosion
4 Huge daily jams illustration / illustrate
city traffic problem
5 Head teacher still missing after
US high-school abduct / abduction
6 Violent uprising suppression / suppressed in Bangkok
27Relative clauses
SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW |—
1
1 Choose the
sentence is an explanation.
intence, A or B, of which the first
We didn't open all the gifts immediately,
A. The gifts which we opened immediately were left on
a table in the restaurant. |
B The gifts, which we opened immediately, were lft
oon a table in the restaurant. |
lea ital |
‘A. My cousin whose husband is from London got
married in Englend.
B. My cousin, whose husband is from London, got |
married in England.
All the guests danced. |
A. The guests who danced all evening got bit hot
and sweaty.
B The guests, who danced all evening, got abit hot
and sweaty
Notall the coffee was delicious.
|
A. The coffee which wes served after dinner
‘was delicious.
B The coffee, which was served after dinner,
was delicious,
There are two village churches.
‘A. The village church where we got married is over 200
years old
B The village church, where we got married, is over ”
200 years old. 5
2 Underline the relative pronouns that can be replaced
by that in Exercise 1
3% Match the sentence halves.
During the Thai festival of Loy Krathong, floating
paper lanterns are released into the night sky,
My granddad gave me £100 when | graduated
from university,
15 spend Christmas Day onthe beach, (]
Fazal isn't eating during the day because of the
festival of Ramadan,
Dad forgot my parents’ wedding anniversary,
Many Austr
o
which didn’t go down well with Mum.
which was generous considering his only income is his
pension
which seems strange to those of us celebrating in the
cold European winter.
which means he's very hungry by the time the sun
finally sets
which is a truly spectacular sight.
{SHOW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT|
6 Read the text and choose the correct options.
“4% Complete the sentences with relative pronouns.
If pronoun is unnecessary, write ©. Add commas
where necessary.
© The one place ¢ | feel most relaxed is home.
1. Thisis the temple___ Hindus built to worship
Hanumen, the monkey god.
2. Maddie isthe cousin __ went to lve in Australia.
3 Alison boyfriend was arrested for shoplifting has
decided she's better off without him.
4 ItSanancient machine our ancestors used to
predict the future.
5. She called us selfish __ we think was very hypocritical
+k % ok Rewrite the sentences using reduced relative
clauses. Which sentence cannot be rewritten?
0 The house which overlooks the valley has gorgeous views,
use overt
liam Bridge, which was built in 2012, is the
newest in the city.
he valley nas gorgeous views
1 Prince
2. There's a Japanese death metal band that s playing at
the club on Saturday.
3 Most of the buildings that were destroyed in the war
have been rebuilt:
4 Pupils who live in the hills have to walk several hours to
get to school.
Tina called us seffish, which we thought was hypocritical
Painful coming-of-age ceremonies
Mentawai teeth sharpening
In the Mentawai Islands, *which /@
found ofthe western coast of Sumatra
imindonesia, young ferale Mentawalans ff
sharpen ther teeth with aockand chisel, WU
then shape them into points They believe fj
“this modification enhances their beauty,
which / that may be hard for outsiders to
appreciate
Hamar cow jumping
‘The Hamar tribe, #who / whose live in Ethiopia, practise a violent
coming-of-age ceremony. Males “which are / 0 approaching
adulthood are whipped bythe other men ofthe tribe. Tey must
then sucestlly run acres the back of four bul in ode 0
te allowed to mary
Sepik searificaion
The elders ofthe Sepik iver tribe in Papua New Guinea cut the
‘younger men with razors to create detailed patterns on their
$hin Adolescents fvhose / who skin as ben scared inthis way
are said to resemble the alligators *that /@ live in the rivers.
(aSO MKING Janguage practice
Telling a personal anecdote
44 Put the words in the correct order to complete the
sentences.
© great day out /I'm going / about /to tell you
Right, so sim anina total you about a arent day out
1. the mass / expected, / was lengthy and tedious
As ——
2 look back /! always / on that day /1/ smile to myself
When
3. and there she was / sudden, / of a/ we turned a corner
All cata ae
4. the/ car appeared on the horizon / of / blue,
Out . ea
5. tobe/worth /tumed / all the effort / out /in the end
te
6 we let, /2s//it started snowing heavily / soon
a 4 Complete the anecdote with the words in the box.
a ‘There is one extra word.
2 - =
enough fortunately initially just. ]
| place predictably story. unexpectedly |
sequencing events in an anecdote | without © when 4
¢ describing events vividly
Peicinuasaae (Ok, so this isa ®:toiy abouta weekend I'll never forget.
Ittook* last summer in Staffordshire, in England.
3 Cross out the option that is not possible in each {was visiting my cousin and we both love cycling, so we
sentence. Then match each sentence with a function decidedlie Gu orate: We rected un otbittirgetan
from Exercise 2: our bikes and cycled about ifty miles toa campsite very
0. Well, this took place / happened / about last near the famous theme perk Alton Towers, ? after
New Years Eve G2) we set off, it started raining and, * for England, it
1. Suddenly /Luckiy / Fortunately, no one was dido't stop all day. We arrived atthe campsite like a pair of
seriously hurt drowned rats. , we managed to get the tent up
2 Unexpectedly / Just before / Just after the balloon Quickly and began the long process of crying out. Or so
Jehike aera cared ejay tee
3. Strangely / Out ofthe blue / Funnily enough, Se aetee abate ost Morse we eevee
eg es thatthe tenthad* leaked in the night and all our
4: Initially While /To begin with, no one was dancing, things, including our clothes, were still wet through. There
(ter deg cance ee meee [2] was nothing we could do, so we pulled on wet jumpers,
jeans and shoes and headed for the theme park. Funnily
7_itturns out that the fastest and most exciting
way to get dry isto ride a rollercoaster with fourteen loops
at fifty miles per hour. ® a doubt, that weekend was
‘one of the wettest and funniest I've ever had.
5 Read the anecdote in Exercise 4 again and put its parts
in order.
‘A. what happened step by step oO
where and when the day took place, and other
background information
whatthe anecdote is going to be about and
background information
D_ why the day was so memorable
E who was involved in the day
5 As/Allof sudden / While we were watching,
the dolphins started leaping out ofthe water.
o
29B
An article
MiG
Complete the tips for writing an article with the words
in the box.
[[ attention concemed define develop |
introduction opinion _ personal
from the
2s the topic and hold the reader's attention in
the ‘to your article.
3. Inthe main body,
issues mentioned in the
the topic and discuss the
4 Inthe conclusion, give your pinion and
leave the reader with something to. about
5 Make your writing more formal by avoiding informal
phrases (I think = As far as | am ), colloquial
language (Most parents reckon that... =
In most parents!
( should not)
2 Read the writing task. Match 1-6 with a-f to make
possible ti
technique
) and contractions
i for attracting the reader's attention.
for the article. Then match the titles with
Waite an article of 140-190 words for your school’s website
Describe the beginning of the friendship with your best
friend and explain the ole of friendship for young people
asthey grow up.
0 Isthere anything more [E] a and gained a best
friend
1 Afortunate 11 b Marvellous Mates
€ without our
2 Howllostawatlet [] friends?
4. and life-changing
3 Thetimelspend [] meeting
__@- with my greatest
4 Where wouldwebe _] >. friend
£ important than 2
5. Fantastic friends and [1 friend?
Summarise the topic.
Use rhyme/wordplay.
i Aska question.
iit Use vivid adjectives.
Eafe
a
Group these eight sets of sentences into four possible
introductions to articles.
a Have you ever thought about the festive season on
an industrial scale?
bb The vast majority of young people meet ther fiends
through school.
Every year nearly sixty Christmas trees are grown in
Europe and between 10 and 20 million turkeys are
Killed for Christmas dinner in the UK alone.
So why are fiends so important for young people?
Well, besides sharing sweet snacks, there are, in my
pinion, three main reasons.
‘@ As someone once said, a possible answer to that
‘question is, ‘A good friend knows all about you and still
loves you.
However, | met my closest friend through an act
cof kindness and honesty followed by a fortunste
‘coincidence. And | do feel fortunate because | believe
every young person needs a close friend
9 What exactly doss it mean to be a good friend?
fh. Someone once said, ‘The only thing better than a
friend's a friend with chocolate.”
0 a followed bye: 2 __followed by __
1 __followed by 3 __followed by
Read the extract from an article and decide which
combination of sentences from Exercise 3 would make
‘the best introduction to this article.
followed by _
mee
‘Shatin and I met for the first time in totally
weird circumstances. ‘I'd taken a taxi back
from town one Saturday night and, ‘like a total
‘idiot, left my wallet on the back seat. Shaun
had been the next customer in the taxi, and
hhad found the wallet and my contact details.
Being an honest person, he got in touch.
‘The next day we met and he *gave me back
‘my wallet. I said thanks and said goodbye.
*Ages after that, I joined an English class and
guess who was sitting there in the classroom?
Shaun! It took us a moment to work out where
we'd met before, but we soon remembered
and became best buddies in no time at all.
Replace the underlined phrases in the extract with
‘these phrases to make the extract more formal. There
are two extra phrases.
a Thed ~ £ Iwould A
b mistakenly 9 nearly @year later
© retuned hh thanked hin a
thebestof friends L] i. very unusual ic
e wehad Dj wewouid 0Rewrite the underlined parts of the sentences using
participle clauses.
0 Our friends understand best how we feel because they
bi ny of the i
Havin eiperieneed nian of the sane things 06 us, Our
friends understand best how we feel.
1) Because | had never had a female friend before, | didn't
know what to expect when our friendship began,
I dide't know what to expect when our friendship began
2. Close friends often seem to know what is on each others
minds they spend so much of their time together
close iriends often seem to know what is on each
‘ther’ minds.
3. Friends can share secrets because they have gained
h other's tn
fiends can share secrets.
4 is a eet tte friends
always have something to talk about.
fiends always have something to talk about.
SHOW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT
7 Complete the writing task in Exercise 2. Before you start,
writing, note down some ideas and plan your article.
Then write your article. Include at least one sentence
with a participle clause.
ISHOW THAT YOU'VE CHECKED}
Thave used one of the techniques from Exercise 2
10 come up with an interesting tile. if
in the fist paragraph, | have presented the topie
and attracted the readers attention.
in the main part, | have elaborated on the topic.
in the last paragraph, I have given my opinion and
given the reader something to think about.
Ihave used formal or neutral language.
Ihave checked my speling and punctuation.
Ihave written 140-190 words.
oOjolgjo ojoj}o}o)
my handwriting is neat enough for someone else
toread.
Collocations
1
Cross out the option that is not possible in
each sentence.
1._Jo loves being the centre / midalle / focus of attention.
2. His performance was absolutely fantastic / good / brillant.
3. Kiera aunt often misses her true /late / former husband.
4 I stared intensely / hard / softly at the screen trying to
make Sense of what | was seeing.
5. | proposed / drank / ate a toast to the happy couple on
their wedding day.
6 There wes a terrible sound as the door to the basement
‘opened / closed / stayed.
7. Harriet is stressed because she has such a lot on her
mind / head / late at the moment.
