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Week 2

The document outlines the topics covered in week 2 of a Java lecture series, including: - Printing "hello world" in Java and the structure of a basic Java program - Scalar variable types like int, float, char, and boolean - Operators, strings, arrays, control flow, classes and objects, and creating/initializing objects - Copy constructors and basic input/output in Java using classes like Console and Scanner

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Kylo Ren
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40 views12 pages

Week 2

The document outlines the topics covered in week 2 of a Java lecture series, including: - Printing "hello world" in Java and the structure of a basic Java program - Scalar variable types like int, float, char, and boolean - Operators, strings, arrays, control flow, classes and objects, and creating/initializing objects - Copy constructors and basic input/output in Java using classes like Console and Scanner

Uploaded by

Kylo Ren
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week-2

Lecture-1

Lecture-2

Lecture-3

Lecture-4 Programming Concepts Using Java


Lecture-5
Week 2 Revision
Getting started

Week-2

Java program to print hello, world


Lecture-1 public class HelloWorld{
Lecture-2 public static void main(String[] args) {
Lecture-3 System.out.println("hello, world);
Lecture-4
}
Lecture-5
}
A Java program is a collection of classes
All code in Java lives within a class
Modifier public specifies visibility
The signature of main( )
Input parameter is an array of strings; command line arguments
No output, so return type is void
Write once, run anywhere
Scalar types

Week-2

Java has eight primitive scalar types


Lecture-1
int, long, short, byte
Lecture-2
float, double
Lecture-3
char
Lecture-4
boolean
Lecture-5 We declare variables before we use them
int x, y;
x = 5;
y = 10;
Characters are written with single-quotes (only)
char c = ‘x’;
Boolean constants are true, false
boolean b1, b2;
b1 = false;
b2 = true;
Scalar types

Week-2

Initialize at time of declaration


Lecture-1 flat pi = 3.1415927f;
Lecture-2
Modifier final indicates a constant
Lecture-3

Lecture-4
final float pi = 3.1415927f;
Lecture-5
Operators

Week-2

Arithmetic operators are the usual ones


Lecture-1 +, -, *, /, %
Lecture-2
No separate integer division operator //
Lecture-3

Lecture-4
When both arguments are integer, / is integer division
Lecture-5 No exponentiation operater, use Math.pow()
Math.pow(a,n) returns an
Special operators for incrementing and decrementing integers
int a = 0, b = 10;
a++; // Same as a = a+1
b--; // Same as b = b-1
Shortcut for updating a variable
int a = 0, b = 10;
a += 7; // Same as a = a+7
Strings

Week-2

String is a built-in class


Lecture-1 String constants enclosed in double quotes
Lecture-2
String s = "Hello", t = "world";
Lecture-3

Lecture-4
+ is overloaded for string concatenation
Lecture-5 String s = "Hello";
String t = "world";
String u = s + " " + t;
// "Hello world"
Strings are not arrays of characters
Instead use s.charAt(0), s.substring(0,3)
Arrays

Week-2

Arrays are also objects


Lecture-1 Typical declaration
Lecture-2
int[] a;
Lecture-3
a = new int[100];
Lecture-4

Lecture-5 Or int a[] instead of int[] a


a.length gives size of a
Array indices run from 0 to a.length-1
Control flow

Week-2

Conditional execution
Lecture-1 if (condition) { ... } else { ... }
Lecture-2
Conditional loops
Lecture-3

Lecture-4
while (condition) { ... }
Lecture-5 do { ... } while (condition)
Iteration - Two kinds of for
Multiway branching – switch
Classes and objects

Week-2

A class is a template for an encapsulated type


Lecture-1 An object is an instance of a class
Lecture-2
public class Date {
Lecture-3
private int day, month, year;
Lecture-4
public Date(int d, int m, int y){
Lecture-5
day = d;
month = m;
year = y;
}
public int getDay(){
return(day);
}
}
Instance variables - Each concrete object of type Date will have local copies of date,
month, year
Creating and initializing objects

Week-2

new creates a new object


Lecture-1 How do we set the instance variables?
Lecture-2 Constructors — special functions called when an object is created
Lecture-3
Function with the same name as the class
Lecture-4
d = new Date(13,8,2015);
Lecture-5
Constructor overloading - same name, different signatures
A constructor can call another one using this
If no constructor is defined, Java provides a default constructor with empty arguments
new Date() would implicitly invoke this
Sets instance variables to sensible defaults
For instance, int variables set to 0
Only valid if no constructor is defined
Otherwise need an explicit constructor without arguments
Copy constructors

Week-2

Create a new object from an existing one


Lecture-1
public class Date {
Lecture-2 private int day, month, year;
Lecture-3 public Date(int d, int m, int y){
Lecture-4 day = d; month = m; year = y;
Lecture-5 }
public Date(Date d){
this.day = d.day; this.month = d.month; this.year = d.year;
}
}
public class UseDate() {
public static void main(String[] args){
Date d1,d2;
d1 = new Date(12,4,1954); d2 = new.Date(d1);
}
}
Basic input and output in java

Week-2

Reading input
Lecture-1
Use Console class
Lecture-2
Use Scanner class
Lecture-3 Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Lecture-4 String name = in.nextLine();
Lecture-5
int age = in.nextInt();

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