Mathematical Library Methods

Math class: The Math class of the java.lang package contains many methods that help us
in solving mathematical problems. We can use the methods of Math class using following
syntax-
Math.MethodName (arguments);
There are some important methods of Math class-
 Math.pow(base, exponent) – Returns base raised to exponent. It refers the power to
get base exponent . For example- System.out.println(Math.pow(2, 5)); displays 32.0
(25) , we can also use as- double result = Math.pow(2, 5); to store in variable.
 Math.sqrt(value) – Returns the square root of a given value ( √𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ). For
example- System.out.println(Math.sqrt(25)); displays 5.0
 Math.cbrt(value) – Returns the cube root of a given value ( √𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ). For
example- System.out.println(Math.cbrt(125)); displays 5.0
 Math.ceil(value) – It refers ceiling and returns the closest integer that is greater
than or equal to a given value. For example-
System.out.println(Math.ceil(46.6)); displays 47.0
System.out.println(Math.ceil(-46.6)); displays -46.0
 Math.floor(value) – Returns the closest integer that is less than or equal to a given
value. For example- System.out.println(Math.floor(46.6)); displays 46.0
System.out.println(Math.floor(-46.6)); displays -47.0
 Math.round(value) – Returns the closest integer to a given value. For example-
System.out.println(Math.round(46.6)); displays 47
System.out.println(Math.round(-46.6)); displays -47
System.out.println(Math.round(46.5)); displays 47
System.out.println(Math.round(-46.5)); displays -46
Note:- Similar method is Math.rint(value) but it returns in double data type.
 Math.abs(value) – Returns the absolute value (always positive) of a given value.
For example- System.out.println(Math.abs(46.6)); displays 46.6
System.out.println(Math.abs(-46.6)); displays 46.6 ( | -46.6 | )
 Math.max(value1, value2) – Returns the largest of the two given values.
For example- System.out.println(Math.max(46.6, 23.3)); displays 46.6
System.out.println(Math.max(-46, -23)); displays -23
 Math.min(value1, value2) – Returns the smallest of the two given values.
For example- System.out.println(Math.min(46.6, 23.3)); displays 23.3
System.out.println(Math.min(-46, -23)); displays -46
 Math.random() – Returns a random (any value) double value between 0 and 1.
For example- System.out.println(Math.random()); displays any value between
0 and 1each time. But we can change the range using following formula-
int min = 101, max = 200;(To generate random number between 101 to 200)
Computer Applications Notes Volume I (Class IX) for ICSE examinations 2022 by Hem Sir Page 21
int range = max – min +1;
int randomNum = (int) (range * Math.random() + min);

Math.PI - A constant declared in Math class that holds the value of π(3.141592653589793)

There are some examples of mathematical expression with equivalent Java expression-

Computer Applications Notes Volume I (Class IX) for ICSE examinations 2022 by Hem Sir Page 22