AMR Referencing Guide

RSM requires students to adhere to the referencing convention as set out by the Academy of
Management Review. The Academy of Management Review (AMR) is a scholarly journal for the
organisational sciences published for a global audience by the U.S. Academy of Management. AMR
ranks as one of the most influential business journals, publishing academically rigorous, conceptual
papers that advance the science and practice of management.

The following text regarding referencing can be found in the Style Guide for Authors, source: ©
Academy of Management Review, (2011, Vol. 36, No. 1, 188-191).

Helpful Hint: Microsoft Word has a handy feature called “References” which you can use to save your
references for later inclusion in your report. Alternatively, there are many free online bibliography and
citation tools that you can also use.

An alphabetically ordered list of references, all of which must be cited in the text, should be included
at the end of the work. References should begin on a separate page headed REFERENCES.

Entries in the list of references should be alphabetized by the last name of the author (first author if
more than one) or editor, or by the corporate author (U.S. Census Bureau) or periodical name (Wall
Street Journal) if there is no indication of individual authors or editors. Several references by an identical
author (or group of authors) are ordered by year of publication, with the earliest listed first. Multiple
references to works by one author or group of authors with the same year of publication should be
differentiated with the addition of small letters (a, b, etc.) after the year. Authors' names are repeated for
each entry.

Citations to references should be designated throughout the text by enclosing the authors' names and
the year of the reference in parentheses. Example:

Several studies (Adams, 1974; Brown & Hales, 1975, 1980; Collins, 1976a,b) support this conclusion.

Note the use of alphabetical order and an ampersand in citations.

Page numbers must be included in a citation to provide the exact source of a direct quotation. They
should also be used when specific arguments or findings of authors are paraphrased or summarized.
Page numbers follow the date of publication given in parentheses and are separated from it by a colon.
Example:

Adams has said that writing a book is “a long and arduous task” (1974: 3).

If a work has two authors, cite both names every time the work is cited in the text. If the work has more
than two authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations of the same
work, include only the surname of the first author followed by “et al.” (not underlined) and the year.
Examples:

Few field studies use random assignment (Franz, Johnson, & Schmidt, 1976). (first citation)

…even when random assignment is not possible” (Franz et al., 1976: 23). (subsequent citation)

However, for works with six or more authors, use only the surname of the first author followed by et al.
whenever the work is cited.

Book entries in the list of references follow this form: Authors' or Editors' Last Names, Initials. Year.
Title of book. City Where Published, State or Country (only if necessary to identify the city; U.S. Postal
Service abbreviations should be used for state identification): Name of Publisher. Examples:

Boulding, K. E. 1956. The image. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Kahn, R. L., & Boulding, E. (Eds.). 1964. Power and conflict in organizations. Glencoe, IL: Free
Press.

Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. 1978. The social psychology of organizations (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
U.S. Department of Labor Statistics. 1976–1983. Employment and earnings. Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office.

Periodical entries follow this form: Authors' Last Names, Initials. Year. Title of article or paper. Name
of Periodical, volume number (issue number): page numbers. Examples:

Fry, L. W., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. 1984. Technology, structure, and workgroup effectiveness: A test of a
contingency model. Academy of Management Journal, 27: 221–246.

Goggin, W. C. 1974. How the multidimensional structure works at Dow Corning. Harvard Business
Review, 55(1): 54–65.

Murray, T. J. 1987. Bitter survivors. Business Month, May: 28–31.

The issue number should be included only if the periodical's pages are not numbered
consecutively throughout the volume—that is, if each issue begins with page 1.

If a periodical article has no author, the name of the periodical should be treated like a corporate author,
both in the citation and in the references. For example:

There is fear that Social Security rates may rise (Wall Street Journal, 1984).

Wall Street Journal. 1984. Inflation rate may cause Social Security increase. September 24: 14.

Business Week. 1991. The quality imperative: What it takes to win for the global economy. October
25(Special Issue): 1–216.

Chapters in books follow this form: Authors' Last Names, Initials. Year. Title of chapter (in lower-case
letters except for the first word and first word after a colon). In Editors' Initials and Last Names (Eds.),
Title of book: page numbers. City Where Published, State or Country (only if necessary to identify the
city): Name of Publisher. Examples:

Berg, N. A. 1973. Corporate role in diversified companies. In B. Taylor & I. MacMillan (Eds.), Business
policy: Teaching and research: 298–347. New York: Wiley.

Roberts, F. S. 1976. Strategy for the energy crisis: The case of commuter transportation policy. In R.
Axelrod (Ed.), Structure of decision: 142–179. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Sitkin, S. B. In press. Secrecy norms in organizational settings. In L. D. Browning (Ed.), Conceptual

frontiers in organizational communication. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Unpublished papers, dissertations, and presented papers should be listed in the references using
the following formats:

Duncan, R. G. 1971. Multiple decision-making structures in adapting to environmental

uncertainty. Working paper No. 54-71, Northwestern University Graduate School of Management,
Evanston, IL.

Smith, M. H. 1980. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Unpublished

doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.

Wall, J. P. 1983. Work and nonwork correlates of the career plateau. Paper presented at the annual
meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas.

Bartlett, C. A. 1986b. Kentucky Fried Chicken (Japan) Limited. Case No. 9-387-043. Boston: Harvard
Business School Case Services.

Proceedings, published reports and works from a university, special editions, and monographs
should be listed in the references in the following formats:

Deutsch, M. 1962. Cooperation and trust: Some theoretical notes. Nebraska Symposium on
Motivation: 275–320. Lincoln: Nebraska University Press.

Hannan, M. T. 1986. Competitive and institutional processes in organizational ecology. Technical

Report No. 86-13. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, Department of Sociology.

Deming, W. E. 1986. Out of crisis. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for
Advanced Engineering Study.

Lebeck, M., & Voorhees, B. 1984. Laws of thought. Monograph No. 84-101. Lexington, MA: Lexington
Institute.

Materials accessed on the web should be listed in the references in the following formats, as
appropriate:

Bernstam, M. S., & Rabushka, A. 2000. From predation to prosperity: Breaking up enterprise network
socialism in Russia. http://www.russiaeconomy.org/predation.html. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution.

Brown, J. 2000. SDMI cracked! Salon.com, October 12.

http://www.salon.com/tech/log/2000/10/12/sdmi_hacked/.

CDM. 1999. Computer Design Marine home page. http://www.curran.com.au/, first accessed June
1999.

SDMI. 2000. An open letter to the digital community.

http://www.sdmi.org/pr/OL_Sept_6_2000_PR.htm, September 6.

The Wizard fkap. 2000. Have hackers broken the SDMI code? October 20 (originally reported October
13): http://www.wizardfkap.com/page6.html#results.