Microsoft Visual Studio:

An Integrated Windows
Program Development
Environment

Microsoft Visual Studio

• Self-contained environment for Windows
program development:
– Creating/editing
– Compiling/linking (building)
– Testing/debugging
• IDE that accompanies Visual C++, Visual
Basic, Visual C#, and other Microsoft Windows
programming languages
• See Chapter 2 & Appendix C of the Deitel text
• Also Appendix C of the Gregory text
Some Visual Studio Components
• The Editors:
C, C++, C#, VB source program text editors
• cut/paste, color cues, indentation
• generate source text files
Resource Editors
• Resources: Windows static data
• Determine look and feel of an application
– icons, bitmaps, cursors, menus, dialog boxes, etc.
• graphical
• generate resource script (.rc) files
• integrated with text editor
• created visually

.NET Language Compilers

• Unmanaged Code C/C++ Compiler
– translates source programs to machine language
– generates object (.obj) files for linker
• Managed Code .NET Language Compilers
– Many of them ? multi-language interoperability
– Translate source programs to MSIL
– Generate a “Portable Executable” that must be
translated to target machine language by the CLR
• Resource Compiler
– Reads .rc file
– Generates binary resource (.res) file for linker
The Linker
• Reads compiler .obj and .res files
• Accesses C/C++/Windows libraries
• Generates executable (.exe or .dll)
Program Build and Run in the
.NET Framework

Common
Language
Runtime

The Debugger
• Powerful source code debugger
• Integrated with all parts of Visual Studio
• Features
– breakpoints
– tracing through/over functions
– variable watch windows
• See Appendix C of Deitel text book
The Wizards
• AppWizard
– Windows code generator for Windows apps
– automatically creates working program
templates & skeleton code
• ClassWizard
– facilitates easy extension of AppWizard-
generated classes
– creation of new classes
– used to tailor AppWizard-generated MFC &
.NET skeletons
– Accessible in the Properties Window in .NET

Help
• Essential when developing Windows apps
• Hover over key words in edit window and a
one-line help message appears
• ‘Help’ Menu Item
– ‘Dynamic Help’ – context sensitive
• Click on text in edit window and corresponding
topic appears in help window
• Click on topic in help window to get help
– ‘Contents’: Select a topic
– ‘Search’: Enter a topic
– ‘Index’: Enter/choose a topic
MSDN Library (on Web)

• Go to: http://msdn.microsoft.com
– Search MSDN for desired topic
– Some examples:
• Windows API reference
• MFC reference
• Windows forms class library

Using Visual Studio

• To prepare many kinds of applications
– Win32 Console Applications (DOS programs)
– Win32 API Apps in C or VC++
– MFC Apps in VC++
– DLLs
– .NET Windows Forms Apps in Managed C#, VB,
VC++, and other languages
– ASP.NET Web Apps and Services
– ADO.NET Data Base Apps
– Others
Visual Studio Layout
• Menu Bar
• Several Tool Bars
• View Windows (to the side)
– Solution Explorer
– Class View
– Resource View
– Properties Window
• Working Area (main window)
– Text Editor to enter/modify source code
– Resource Editors
– Tab between different work areas
• Output Window & Status Bar (bottom).
– System Messages (errors)
• Windows can be moved around, docked and undocked
Toolbars
• Contain Icons--instant routes to main menu
functions
• May not be visible
• If not, right click on any visible toolbar
• Brings up following popup window
• Can activate a toolbar by clicking on its
check box

Keyboard Shortcuts
• All Menu/Toolbar selections are available
from the keyboard using key combinations
• Can be faster
• More information in Online Help
– ‘Index’ | ‘Keyboard Shortcuts’ | ‘Predefined’
Solutions and Projects
• Solution
– A single application
– Can contain one or more projects
• In Managed applications, projects can be in different
languages
– Overall solution information stored in a .SLN file
– Open this when you want to work on a solution
• Project
– Basic component of an application
– Collection of files:
• Source, headers, resources, settings, configuration
information, many more

Important Visual Studio Generated Files

• .sln Solution
• .vcproj Project
• .c, .cpp, .cs C/C++/C# Windows App source code
• .h C/C++ header
• .rc Resource script
• .res Compiled resource
• .ico Icon
• .bmp Bitmap image
• .exe Executable program
• .dll Dynamic Link Library
• .aspx ASP.NET Web Form source code
• .asmx ASP.NET Web Service source code
Temporary Visual Studio Generated
Files
• Many are very big and can (should) be removed!
• .obj Compiler machine code translation
• .ilk Incremental link file
• .pch Precompiled header (huge!)
• .pdb Precompiled debugging info
• .idb Incremental debug info
• .ncb intellisense database (huge!)
• .aps Supports viewing resources
• Others
• Can be deleted

Program Configurations
• Debug
– appends debugging information
– produces more and larger files
• Release
– no debugging information
– optimized for size, performance, & efficiency
Setting the Configuration
• Click ‘Build’ on Main Menu
• Choose ‘Configuration Manager’
• Choose desired configuration (‘Debug’ or
‘Release’) in Configuration Manager’s
‘Active Solution Configuration Box’
• Default is ‘Debug’

Creating a Win32 API Windows

Application with Visual Studio
• Startup
– Click ‘Start’ on Task Bar – ‘All Programs’
– ‘Microsoft Visual Studio 2008’ | ‘Microsoft
Visual Studio 2008’
• Creating a new Win32 API solution
– ‘File’ | ‘New’ | ‘Project’ from Menu Bar
– In ‘New Project’ box, select ‘Visual C++’ ‘Win32’
from ‘Project Types:’ & click on ‘Win32 Project’
in ‘Templates’
– Set the ‘Location’ to a convenient directory &
name the project (e.g. win32app1)
– ‘OK’
• Click ‘Application Settings’ in resulting
‘Win32 Application Wizard’ Box
– Select ‘Windows Application’ from
‘Application Type’ radio buttons
– Select ‘Empty Project’ from ‘Additional
Options’ check boxes
– Click ‘Finish’

• Inserting source files into project:

– Open a new C++ file & type or copy/paste the code
into the program:
• ‘File’ | ‘New’ | ‘File’ from menu
• Choose ‘Visual C++’ from ‘Categories’, C++ file (.cpp)
from ‘Installed Templates’, & click ‘Open’
• Type or paste source code into the resulting Edit window
• Save the file in the project’s subdirectory as a C++ source
file, giving it an appropriate name (e.g., win32app1)
– Add the source file to the project:
• Choose ‘Project’ | ‘Add Existing Item’ from menu
• Click on the file you saved (e.g. win32app1.cpp)
• Confirm that it was added to the project by expanding
‘Source Files’ in the Solution Explorer Window
– If Solution Explorer is not visible, select ‘View – Solution Explorer’
from the menu
• Alternative Way of Adding a Source File
to a Project:
– You can also copy an existing source code file
into the project’s subdirectory
– Then as before:
• Choose ‘Project’ | ‘Add Existing Item’ from the
menu
• Select the .cpp file & click ‘Open’
– Should appear in Solution Explorer window
– Open it by double clicking on it

• Building the Solution:

– ‘Build’ | ‘Build Solution’ from menu
– Project will be compiled/linked
– Messages/errors will appear in Output
Window
• Running the Program:
– ‘Debug’ | ‘Start’ from menu
• Shortcut key: F5
– Or ‘Debug’ | ‘Start Without Debugging’ from
menu
• Shortcut key: Ctrl-F5
Compiling from Command Line
• Command Line Compilers:
– C++: CL.EXE
– C# : CSC.EXE
– Visual Basic: VBC.EXE
• All are run from a DOS session, but
directory paths must be set correctly
• Easiest to start a Visual Studio 2008
Command Prompt (paths already set)
– From Task Bar:
• Start | All Programs | Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 |
Visual Studio Tools | Visual Studio 2008 Command
Prompt

Command Line Compiling, continued

• To compile our first Visual C++, Win32 API
application (win32a1.cpp) from the command line:
– cl kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib win32a1.cc
– Note that any required libraries (DLLs) must be
specified
• There are many compiler options:
– See Online Help:
– ‘Index’ | ‘cl.exe compiler’ | ‘building programs’
– For C#: ‘Index’ | ‘csc.exe’
• We won’t be using command line compilers much
in this course, but they’re there if you need them
• Cleanup:
– Copy solution, project, source, header, resource
files to disk
– Copy .exe file from project's Debug directory
– Best: Delete all temporary files & copy entire
solution (project directory) to floppy or CD
– Delete project directory from hard drive
• Exiting Developer Studio:
– ‘File’ | ‘Exit’ from menu