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Jss 1 Computer

There are two main types of monitors: monochrome and color. Monochrome monitors display in one color (black, white, green or amber) while color monitors display in multiple colors, similar to a television. The system unit, also known as the base unit, contains the central processing unit and other electronic circuitry. External features include the power and reset buttons, key lock, drives (floppy disk, hard disk, CD), and ports for connecting peripherals. Internally, the system unit contains the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit. The control unit coordinates operations while the arithmetic logic unit performs calculations. Memory is divided into read-only and random access memory.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
934 views

Jss 1 Computer

There are two main types of monitors: monochrome and color. Monochrome monitors display in one color (black, white, green or amber) while color monitors display in multiple colors, similar to a television. The system unit, also known as the base unit, contains the central processing unit and other electronic circuitry. External features include the power and reset buttons, key lock, drives (floppy disk, hard disk, CD), and ports for connecting peripherals. Internally, the system unit contains the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit. The control unit coordinates operations while the arithmetic logic unit performs calculations. Memory is divided into read-only and random access memory.

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JAPHET JOSHUA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of Monitors (based on colour)

There are two types of monitor, namely:


1. Monochrome monitor: This monitor displays its characters in only one colour. The colour
could be white, green or amber. Looking at the monochrome monitor, one can see two colours;
one colour for the background and one for the foreground. The two colour combinations can
therefore be black and white, green and black or amber and black.
2. Colour monitor: This monitor displays information in colours. It is similar to a colour television
but it handles data more quickly and has a sharper output.
THE SYSTEM UNIT

A System unit also known as a base unit, is electronic circuitry housed within the computer
cabinet. It is the part of the micro computer that contains the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

THE EXTERNAL FEATURES OF SYSTEM UNITS

The external parts of system units include:

1. The power button

2. Reset button

3. The key lock

4. The Drives

5. The Ports

POWER BUTTON

The power button is pressed to put the system ON or OFF. It is used to start the system from
scratch.

RESET BUTTON

Reset button is used to initialize the system. The button is pressed to restart the system.

THE KEY LOCK

The key lock is used to PUT ON and OFF the computer. When the key lock is in OFF mode,
the system cannot accept data. For the system to accept data, the key lock must be on.

THE DRIVES

The disk drive is a part or device on which disks are loaded and run. It enables us to use
compact disks and diskettes. A computer has more than one drive e.g. A: – Floppy disk drive,
C: – Hard disk drive,D: – Compact disk drive etc.

THE PORTS

These are sockets on the outside of the system unit into which you can plug a terminal or some
other input/output devices. They are the areas where peripheral devices are connected to the
system unit. Ports are used to connect the keyboard, the mouse, the monitor, the printer, etc.
Internal part of the system unit

The system unit is the part that holds the devices together. It comprises the central processing
unit (CPU) which is subdivided into the control unit, arithmetic and logic unit and memory unit.
The system unit is the major part of a computer system. t consists of a system case, power
supply, system board or motherboard, drives, memory cardand the processor.

Functions of the system unit


1. The control unit:
This is the unit that controls and coordinates the whole operations of the system. It monitors the
transfer of data and information between the different units i.e. input devices, memory,
arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) and output devices.

Functions of Control Unit


• Regulation of the operation of the entries into the computer system.
• It sequentially stores information.The control unit Decodes information.
• It helps in interpreting each instruction for prompt execution. Scheduling activities.
• It regulates the amount of time taken by each activity.

2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):


The ALU has two main duties; it carries out all the required arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. Furthermore, it also performs some logicaloperations like
comparing two numbers to know which is smaller or larger.

3. Memory Unit:
The memory unit can be referred to as the main memory. It is the internal/primary memory of
the computer and it is divided into Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory(RAM).

The other memory is the Auxiliary memory or secondary memory or storage which stores
information temporarily or permanently because the information here can be easily transferred
into the main memory when needed through the magnetic tape, floppy disk, CD, flash disk,
diskette, etc.
Computer Ethics

Computer ethics are a set of moral standards that govern the use of computers. They are
important because of information safety, such information on computers are vulnerable once
there is access to the internet which can lead to malware and cyber-attacks such as phishing.

Computer room management ethics


The following are good ways to take care of a computer room:
1. The environment should be dust-free.
2. The computer and all input devices and output devices should also be regularly cleaned with
a soft cloth or brush without detergent or liquids.
3. Dust covers should be used to cover the equipment when not in use.
4. The computer room should be well ventilated.
5. The room should have appropriate lighting to avoid eye strain on users.
6. The computer and other peripheral devices should be set on flat, stable surfaces in an orderly
manner with enough space for adequate ventilation.
7. There should be fire alarm and fire extinguishers in easily accessible locations.

8. The computer system should be provided with surge protectors and uninterruptible
power supply (UPS) unit to ensure stable and continuous power supply in case of a power
outage.
9. The chairs should be comfortable and computer furniture should be arranged
conveniently.

Computer laboratory rules and regulations


1. There should be no smoking, eating or drinking in the laboratory.
2. Unauthorized persons should be denied access to the laboratory.
3. Switch off equipment when not in use.
4. Handle secondary storage equipment such as tapes, diskettes, etc. with care.
5. Keep the computer away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
6. Do not spill liquids on any part of the computer.
7. Use dust covers to protect the computer when not in use.
8. Unplug the computer from the power supply if it will not be used for a long time.
9. Wash your hand before using the keyboard to keep it clean.
10. Be careful when using external storagedevices from unknown sources as the computer
could easily get infected with a virus.
Word processing
Word processing refers to creating, editing, formatting, storing and printing a typed text called
document. To do this, a word processor or word processing software is needed. Examples of
word processors are Microsoft Word, Note pad, etc.
In some organizations, word processors have virtually replaced typewriters as a means of
producing documents. Advantages of word processing Word processing has a lot of advantages
over using a type-writer to type documents. These include:

1. Easier formatting of documents.


2. Ease of correcting and editing documents.
3. Pictures, diagrams and other graphics can easily be inserted into documents.
4. One can easily copy the format or design of an existing document and use it in a new
document.
5. Text and graphics can be moved around easily within a document.
6. Word processing allows us to have a more colourful and attractive document design.
7. It is easy to type special characters such as superscript, subscript, etc. using a word
processor.

Examples of word processors


1. Microsoft word.
2. Word perfect.
3. Word star.
4. Ami pro.
5 Note pad.

Uses of a word processor


1. Computerized typewriting.
2. Creation of document.
3. Spelling and grammar checking.
4. Finding and replacing text strings.
5. Creating indexes and table of contents automatically.
6. Creating table, graphs and inserting pictures.
7. Duplicating texts, pictures and graphs. Loading and exiting of a word
processor

• Loading a word processor:


To load a word processing package, take the following steps:
1. Click on start.
2. Point the cursor to Program.
3. Point the cursor to Microsoft Office, the Microsoft office menu appears, then click on
Microsoft word.
Note: when you load the Microsoft word package, an opening logo will be displayed for a few
seconds telling you the package is being loaded. The main screen appears with a blank
document ready for your input.

Exiting a word processor:


To quit a Microsoft word window, do any one of the following:
1. Press Alt+F4 on the keyboard.
2. Click the close button at the right of the title bar.
3. Select the filemenu and click on exit.

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