DIVISION 9: PIPELINE TESTING

9.1 Work Included

This Chapter governs the pressure and leakage testing of pressure pipelines including
provision of test bulkheads, temporary air valves, and pressure and temperature recorders.

9.2 Submittals

The Contractor shall submit the following data for the approval of the Engineer:
(i) Source of potable water.
(ii) Pump (if needed).
(iii) Program and method of testing.
(iv) Water disposal sites.

9.3 Reporting

For each test section: Report of pressure test including list of attendees, pressure records,
duration of test, water quantity necessary to restore or reduce pressure, temperature, pressure
correction calculations, repairs made, test pipeline length, date and time, and any other related
information.

9.4 Pressure Recorder

The Contractor shall furnish at least one 24-hour continuous adequate pressure recorder and
install it at the low point of the test section in such a manner as to permit calibration in situ.
The unit shall be calibrated before the start of the test, at the mid point of the test, at the end of
the test (and at other times as instructed by the Engineer), with a dead weight tester.

9.5 Temperature Recorder

The Contractor shall furnish at least one 48-hour continuous temperature recorder and install
it in any tested section. The unit shall be calibrated before the test in a laboratory and during
the test by comparison with mercury in situ thermometers at the same time as the calibrations
of the pressure recorder.

9.6 Testing Pipelines

The Contractor shall carry out hydraulic pressure test two times: the first one by himself and
he should be confident of the test results before calling the Engineer for performing the
official hydraulic pressure test.

Pipelines shall be tested in the presence of the Engineer in lengths between valve chambers or
in such shorter lengths (required not more than 1-2km) or as directed by the Engineer. All

9-1
pipelines and fittings shall be installed and laid in accordance with requirements mentioned in
Division 8-PIPE LAYING.

The Contractor shall at his own expense provide all water required for filling, testing, and
retesting pipelines (if necessary) and any pumps, pipe work fittings, pressure gauges, pressure
recorder, temperature recorder, air release valve and personnel required for the purpose.

Fittings required for temporarily closing the openings in pipelines to be tested, shall be
properly deigned for this purpose and shall be adequately strutted to withstand the test
pressure specified.

Permanent valves may be included in the tested length but shall be open throughout the tests
and shall not be used to isolate the test section.

The arrangement for testing a pipeline shall include provision for the purging of air from the
pipeline prior to a water test.

The Contractor shall keep a record of all tests on forms and reports, which shall be available
for inspection and handed over to the Engineer on demand.

The pipeline shall be tested after completion with the exception of any backfilling not
necessary for the stability and safety of the work.

9.6.1.1 Method 1
General:

To prevent pipe movement, sufficient backfill shall be placed prior to filling the pipe with
water and field testing. When local conditions require that the trenches should be backfilled
immediately after the pipe has been laid, the testing may be carried out after backfilling has
been completed but before placement of permanent surfacing. The Contractor shall ensure
that thrust blocking or other types of restraining systems will provide adequate restraint prior
to pressurizing the pipeline.

After pipelaying, casting of concrete structures on the line and partial backfill have been
completed, the line shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test. The line shall be tested
over its entire length or, in the case of long lines, in sections. The pressure test shall only be
performed in the presence of the Engineer.

The test pressure shall be determined by the Engineer in each case. The required pressure shall
be obtained by means of a special pressure pump or by connecting the line to a suitable source
of pressure at the lowest point of the tested section.

Preparations for Pressure Test:

Filling of the line with water shall not begin until 6-7 days after the last concrete structures
have been cast. Prior to filling the line, all joints and structures shall be inspected and the good

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condition and proper functioning of all valves shall be ascertained. When testing a section not
ending in a valve, the open end shall be bulkheaded and securely anchored. The testing
installation and the working of the pump shall also be examined.

Filling the Line with Water:

The line shall not be filled until the Engineer’s written approval thereto has been given. The
line shall be filled gradually and slowly in order to prevent water hammer or chattering in the
pipe and to permit the escape of all air from the pipeline.

At the commencement of filling, all valves shall be opened, and each valve shall be closed
after the water has flushed all dirt that may have accumulated in the pipes.

After the filling has been completed, but before the pressure is raised, all valves shall be
inspected for water-tightness and all leaks in gaskets and stuffing boxes shall be stopped.
Should this inspection show any leaks at the joints or defects in the valves that can not be
repaired while the line is full of water, the line shall be drained and the necessary repairs done.
This inspection shall be repeated until all leaks are stopped.

Pressure Test Process:

The pipelines of the transmission and water distribution system and all the joints shall be
tested by the Contractor at a test pressure as shown in Table 9.1 below:

Table 9.1
Test Pressure Factors

Working Pressure Range (atm) Factor*

0 – 12 1.5
13 – 20 1.25
More than 20 1.1

* Test pressure = Working pressure * Factor

The testing shall be carried out in sections as the pipes are laid (required length not more than
1-2km or directed by the Engineer).

The length of sections and the procedure of testing shall have the prior approval of the
Engineer. The Contractor shall furnish and fix on the pipelines at locations indicated by the
Engineer Tees provided with 1/2” stop-cooks for the purpose of releasing the air from the
pipelines. After pressure testing of the lines the stop-cook shall be removed and the opening
properly plugged.

An efficient stop and strutting block shall be placed at the end of the section to be tested. After
the pipes have been completely filled with water and all air has been exclude therefrom, the
pressure shall be raised by pumping to the specified test pressure as instructed by the
Engineer.

9-3
Acceptance:

The pipeline shall be maintained under the test pressure for a period of 24 hours:
If during this period the pressure dropped below 75% of the test pressure, the test
pressure will be not accepted and the Contractor shall proceed to locate immediately
and rectify the defects and leaks, after which he shall re-test until a satisfactory test
result can be secured.
If the pressure dropped within the accepted range 25% of the test pressure), the
pressure shall be restored to the full test pressure by such pumping as may be necessary.
The test shall be deemed to be satisfactory if the pipeline holds after the initial 24
hours the specified pressure (restored pressure) for a final period of not less than two
hours with a loss not exceeding 5% of the total test pressure during this two hours
period.
No pumping shall be permitted during this final test period.

The test pressure shall be calculated as indicated in Table 9.1, and should be conducted at the
lowest point in the section to be tested.

If the test is not successful, the Contractor shall proceed to locate immediately and rectify the
defects, after which he shall re-test until a satisfactory test result can be secured.

In case of any result discrepancies from the Engineer point of view, the Engineer has the right
to instruct the Contractor to proceed the pressure test according to method two described in
section 9.5.1.2 below. No separate payment will be paid to Contractor for implementing the
pressure test in accordance with direction of method two what so ever it costs.

9.6.1.2 Method 2
General:

Second method for hydrostatic pressure test in these specifications based on

ANSI/AWWA C600.

To prevent pipe movement, sufficient backfill shall be placed prior to filling the pipe with
water and field testing. When local conditions require that the trenches be backfilled
immediately after the pipe has been laid, the testing may be carried out after backfilling has
been completed but before placement of permanent surfacing. The constructor shall ensure
that thrust blocking or other types of restraining systems will provide adequate restraint prior
to pressurizing the pipeline.

After pipelaying, casting of concrete structures on the line and partial backfill have been
completed, the line shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test. The line shall be tested
over its entire length or, in the case of long lines, in sections. The pressure test shall only be
performed in the presence of the Engineer.

The test pressure shall be determined by the Engineer in each case. The required pressure shall
be obtained by means of a special pressure pump or by connecting the line to a suitable source
of pressure at the lowest point of the tested section.

9-4
Preparations for Pressure Test:

Filling of the line with water shall not begin until 6-7 days after the last concrete structures
have been cast. Prior to filling the line, all joints and structures shall be inspected and the good
condition and proper functioning of all valves shall be ascertained. When testing a section not
ending in a valve, the open end shall be bulkheaded and securely anchored. The testing
installation and the working of the pump shall also be examined.

Filling the Line with Water:

The line shall not be filled until the Engineer’s written approval thereto has been given. The
line shall be filled gradually and slowly in order to prevent water hammer or chattering in the
pipe and to permit the escape of all air from the pipeline.

At the commencement of filling, all blow-out valves shall be opened, and each valve shall be
closed after the water has flushed all dirt that may have accumulated in the pipes.

After the filling has been completed, but before the pressure is raised, all valves shall be
inspected for water-tightness and all leaks in gaskets and stuffing boxes shall be stopped.
Should this inspection show any leaks at the joints or defects in the valves that can not be
repaired while the line is full of water, the line shall be drained and the necessary repairs done.
This inspection shall be repeated until all leaks are stopped.

Test Restrictions:
Test pressure shall not be less than 1.25 times the working pressure at the highest
point along the test section.
Test pressure shall not exceed pipe or thrust-restraint design pressures.
Hydrostatic test duration shall be at least for 2-hours.
Test pressure shall not vary by more ± 5 psi (34.5 kPa = 0.34 Bar) for the duration of
the test.
Valves shall not be operated in either direction at a differential pressure exceeding the
rated valve working pressure. A test pressure greater than the rated valve pressure can
result in trapped test pressure between the gates of a double-disc gate valve. For the
tests at these pressures, the test setup should include a provision, independent of valve,
to reduce the line pressure to the rated valve pressure on completion of the test. The
valve can then be opened enough to equalize the trapped pressure with the line
pressure, or the valve can be fully opened if desired.
The test pressure shall not exceed the rated pressure of the valves when the pressure
boundary of the test section include closed, resilient-seated gate valves or butterfly
valves.

Pressurization:

After the pipe has been laid, all newly laid pipe or any valved section thereof shall be
subjected a hydrostatic pressure of at least 1.5 times working pressure at the point of testing
(lowest point in the section to be tested).

9-5
Each valved section of pipe shall be slowly filled with water, and the specified test pressure
(based on the elevation of the lowest point of the line or section under test and corrected to the
elevation of the test gauge) shall be applied using a pump connected to the pipe. Valves shall
not be operated in either the opened or closed direction at differential pressure above the rated
pressure. The system should be allowed to stabilize at the test pressure before conducting the
hydrostatic pressure.

Air Removal:

Before applying the specified test pressure, air shall be expelled completely from the section
of piping under test. If perminant air vents expel the air are not located at all high points,
corporation cocks shall be installed at these points to expel the air as the line is filled with
water. After the air has been expelled, the corporation cocks shall be closed and the test
pressure applied. At the conclusion of the pressure test, the corporation cocks shall be
removed and the pipe plugged or left in place as required by the Specifications.

Examination:

Any exposed pipe, fittings, valves, hydrants and joints shall be examined carefully during the
test. Any damage or defective pipe, fittings, valves, hydrants, or joints that are discovered
following the pressure test shall be repaired or replaced with reliable material, and the test
shall be repeated until satisfactory results are obtained.

Testing Allowance Defined:

Testing allowance shall be defined as the quantity of makeup water that must be supplied into
the newly laid pipe or any valved section thereof to maintain pressure within 5 psi (34.5 kPa)
of the specified test pressure after the pipe has been filled with water and the air has been
expelled. Testing allowance shall not be measured by a drop in pressure in a test section over
a period of time.

Testing Allowance:

No pipe installation will be accepted if the amount of makeup water is greater than that
determined by the following formula:

SD P
L
715317

Where:

L = testing allowance (makeup water), in liters per hour

S = length of pipe tested, in meters
D = nominal diameter of the pipe, in millimeters
P = average test pressure during the hydrostatic test, in kPa

These formulas are based on a testing allowance of (1.079 L/d/km/mm) of nominal diameter
at a pressure 150 psi (1034) kPa.

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Testing allowance at various pressures is shown in Table 9.2.

When testing against closed-seated valves, an additional testing allowance per closed
valve of (1.2mL/h/mm) of nominal valve size shall be allowed.

When hydrants are in the test section, the test shall be made against the main valve in
the hydrant.

All visible leaks are to be repaired regardless of the allowance used for testing.

Acceptance of Installation:

Acceptance shall be determined on the basis of testing allowance. If any test of laid
pipe, discloses a testing allowance greater than that specified in Section 9.6.1.2 (Testing
Allowance), repairs or replacements shall be accomplished in accordance with the
technical specifications.

Table 9.2
Hydrostatic Testing Allowance Per 300m of Pipe Length L/h*
Avg. Nominal Pipe Diameter-mm
Test
Pressure 76 102 152 203 254 305 356 406 457 508 610 762 914 1,067 1,219 1,400 1,500 1,600
kPa **
3,000 1.84 2.30 3.45 4.59 5.74 6.89 8.04 9.19 10.34 11.49 13.78 17.23 20.67 22.97 27.57 32.16 34.46 36.75
2,800 1.76 2.22 3.33 4.44 5.55 6.66 7.77 8.88 9.99 11.1 13.32 16.64 19.97 22.19 26.63 31.07 33.29 35.51
2,600 1.71 2.14 3.21 4.28 5.35 6.42 7.48 8.55 9.62 10.69 12.83 16.04 19.25 21.39 25.66 29.94 32.08 34.22
2,400 1.64 2.05 3.08 4.11 5.14 6.16 7.19 8.22 9.25 10.27 12.33 15.41 18.49 20.55 24.66 28.76 30.82 32.87
2,200 1.57 1.97 2.95 3.93 4.92 5.9 6.88 7.87 8.85 9.84 11.8 14.75 17.70 19.67 23.61 27.54 29.51 31.47
2,000 1.50 1.88 2.81 3.75 4.69 5.63 6.56 7.50 8.44 9.38 11.25 14.07 16.88 18.76 22.51 26.26 28.13 30.01
1,800 1.42 1.78 2.67 3.56 4.45 5.34 6.23 7.12 8.01 8.90 10.68 13.35 16.01 17.79 21.35 24.91 26.69 28.47
1,600 1.34 1.68 2.52 3.36 4.19 5.03 5.87 6.71 7.55 8.39 10.07 12.58 15.10 16.78 20.13 23.49 25.16 26.84
1,400 1.26 1.57 2.35 3.14 3.92 4.71 5.49 6.28 7.06 7.85 9.42 11.77 14.12 15.69 18.83 21.97 23.54 25.11
1,200 1.16 1.45 2.18 2.91 3.63 4.36 5.08 5.81 6.54 7.26 8.72 10.90 13.08 14.53 17.43 20.34 21.79 23.25
1,000 1.06 1.33 1.99 2.65 3.32 3.98 4.64 5.30 5.97 6.63 7.96 9.95 11.94 13.26 15.91 18.57 19.89 21.22
8,00 0.95 1.19 1.78 2.37 2.97 3.56 4.15 7.74 5.34 5.93 7.12 8.90 10.68 11.86 14.23 16.61 17.79 18.98
6,00 0.82 1.03 1.54 2.05 2.57 3.08 3.6 4.11 4.62 5.14 6.16 7.70 9.25 10.27 12.33 14.38 15.41 16.44

* if the pipe line under test contains sections of various diameters, the testing allowance will be the sum of the
testing allowance for each size
* 100 kPa=1 Bar

General:

To prevent pipe movement, sufficient backfill shall be placed prior to filling the pipe with
water and field testing. When local conditions require that the trenches be backfilled
immediately after the pipe has been laid, the testing may be carried out after backfilling has
been completed but before placement of permanent surfacing. The Contractor shall ensure
that thrust blocking or other types of restraining systems will provide adequate restraint prior
to pressurizing the pipeline. Refer to Division 2 Section 2.8.2 for backfilling requirements.

Hydrostatic pressure test for UPVC pipes is based on ANSI/AWWA C605.

9-7
Cross-Connection Control:

When existing water mains are used to supply test water, they should be protected from
backflow contamination by temporarily installing a double check-valve assembly between the
test and supply main or by other means approved by the Engineer. Prior to pressure and
leakage testing, the temporary backflow protection should be removed and the main under test
isolated from the supply main.

Procedure:

The following procedure is based on the assumption that the pressure and leakage tests will be
performed at the same time. Separate tests may be made if desired. If separate tests are made,
the pressure test shall be performed first. Tests shall be performed only after the pipeline has
been properly filled, flushed, and purged of all air. The specified test pressure shall be applied
by means of an approved pumping assembly connected to the pipe in a manner satisfactory to
the Engineer. The test pressure shall not exceed pipe or thrust-restraint design pressures. If
necessary, the test pressure shall be maintained by additional pumping for the specified time
during which the system and all exposed pipe, fittings, valves, and hydrants shall be carefully
examined for leakage. All visible leaks shall be stopped. All defective elements shall be
repaired or removed and replaced and the test repeated until the allowable leakage
requirements have been met.

Test Method:

The Contractor may perform simultaneous pressure and leakage tests or perform separate
pressure and leakage tests on the installed system at test duration and pressures specified in
Table 9.3. Tests shall be witnessed by the Engineer or the Engineer’s representative, and the
equipment used for the test shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer or the Engineer’s
representative.

Allowable Leakage:

The Contractor shall furnish the gauges and measuring device for the leakage test, pump, pipe,
connections, and all other necessary apparatus, unless otherwise specified, and shall furnish
the necessary assistance to conduct the test. The duration of each leakage test shall be 2
hours, unless otherwise specified. During the test, the pipeline shall be subjected to the
pressure listed in Table 9.4. Leakage shall be defined as the quantity of water that must be
supplied into the pipe section being tested to maintain a pressure within 5 psi (34 kPa=0.34
bar) of the specified leakage-test pressure after the pipe has been filled with water and the air
in the pipeline has been expelled. No installation will be accepted if the leakage is greater that
that determined by the formula:

ND P
Lm
130400

Where:

Lm = allowable leakage, in liters per hour

N = number of joints in the length of pipeline tested

9-8
D = nominal diameter of the pipe, in millimeters
P = average test pressure during the hydrostatic test, in kPa

Table 9.3
System Test Methods

Procedure Pressure Duration

of Test
Simultaneous 150% of working pressure* at point of test, but 2 Hours
Pressure and not less than 125% of normal working pressure
Leakage Tests at highest elevation †
Separate Pressure 150% of working pressure* at point of test, but 1 Hour
Test not less than 125% of normal working pressure
at highest elevation †
Separate Leakage 150% of working pressure* of segment tested † 2 Hours
Test

* Working pressure is defined as maximum anticipated sustained operating pressure

† In no case shall the rest pressure be allowed to exceed the design pressure for pipe, appurtenances, or
thrust restraints

Table 9.4
Allowable Leakage Per 50 Joints of PVC Pipe* (pH)
Aver. Test Nominal Pipe Diameter, in. (mm)
Pressure, 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36
Psi (kPa) (100) (150) (200) (250) (300) (350) (400) (450) (500) (610) (760) (915)
300 (2,070) 1.75 2.60 3.50 4.35 5.21 6.10 6.96 7.85 8.70 10.45 13.06 15.66
275 (1,900) 1.67 2.49 3.35 4.17 4.98 5.84 6.66 7.51 8.33 10.01 12.50 14.99
250 (1,720) 1.60 2.38 3.16 3.98 4.76 5.58 6.36 7.14 7.96 9.52 11.94 14.32
225 (1,550) 1.53 2.27 3.01 3.76 4.54 5.28 6.03 6.77 7.55 9.04 11.31 13.58
200 (1,380) 1.41 2.12 2.83 3.57 4.28 4.98 5.69 6.40 7.11 8.52 10.68 12.80
175 (1,210) 1.34 2.01 2.68 3.31 3.98 4.65 5.32 5.99 6.66 8.00 9.97 11.98
150 (1,030) 1.23 1.86 2.46 3.09 3.68 4.32 4.91 5.54 6.18 7.40 9.23 11.09
125 (860) 1.12 1.67 2.23 2.83 3.39 3.94 4.50 5.06 5.62 6.73 8.44 10.12
100 (690) 1.00 1.53 2.01 2.53 3.01 3.53 4.02 4.54 5.02 6.03 7.55 9.04
75 (520) 0.86 1.30 1.75 2.19 2.60 3.05 3.50 3.91 4.35 5.21 6.55 7.85
50 (340) 0.71 1.08 1.41 1.79 2.12 2.49 2.83 3.20 3.57 4.28 5.32 6.40

*100 kPa = 1 bar

* If the pipeline under test contains sections of various diameters, the allowable leakage will be the sum of
the computed leakage for each size

These formulas are based on an allowable leakage of (0.978 L/day/km/mm) of normal

diameter at a pressure of 150 psi (1030 kPa).

Leakage values determined by the above formulas are presented in Table 9.4.

When testing against closed metal-seated valves, an additional leakage per closed valve of
(0.0012 L/h/mm) of nominal valve size shall be allowed.

When hydrants are in the test section, the test shall be made against closed hydrant valves.

All visible leaks shall be repaired, regardless of the amount of leakage.

9-9
Alternative allowable-leakage criteria may be used if specified by the Engineer.

Pressure Testing Precautions:

The piping section under test and any closures in the test section should be restrained or
otherwise restrained against sudden uncontrolled movement in the event of ruptue. Expansion
joints and expansion compensators should be temporarily restrained, isolated or removed
during the pressure test.

Testing may be conducted on the system, or in sections. The limiting test section size is
determined by test equipment capability. If the pressurizing equipment is too small, it may not
be possible to complete the test within allowable testing time limits. If so, higher capacity test
equipment, or a smaller test section may be necessary.

If possible, test medium and test section temperatures should be less 380C. At temperatures
above 380C, reduced test pressure is required. Before applying test pressure, time may be
required for the test medium and the test sections to temperature equalize. The contractor shall
follow the Engineer and the pipe manufacturer instructions for elevated temperature pressure
testing or as specified in the Tender Documents.

Test Pressure:

Valves or other devices may limit test pressure, or lower pressure rated component. Such
components shall be able to withstand the required test pressure, and should be either removed
from, or isolated from the section being tested to avoid possible damage to, or failure of these
devices. Isolated equipment should be vented.

For continuous pressure systems where test pressure limiting components or devices
have been isolated, or removed, or are not present in the test section, the maximum
allowable test pressure is 1.5 times the system design pressure at the lowest elevation in
the section under test.
If the test pressure limiting device or component cannot be removed or isolated, then
the limiting section or system test pressure is the maximum allowable test pressure for
that device or component.
For non-pressure, low pressure, or gravity flow systems, the contractor shall follow
the Engineer and pipe manufacturer instructions or as specified in the Tender
Documents.

Test Duration:

For any test pressure from 1.0 to 1.5 times the system design pressure the total test time
including initial pressurization, initial expansion, and the time at test pressure, must not
exceed eight (8) hours. If pressure test is not completed due to leakage, equipment failure, etc,
the test section should be de-pressurized, and allowed to be “Relax” for at least eight (8) hours
before bringing the test section up to test pressure again.

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Pre-Test Inspection:

Test equipment and the pipeline should be examined before pressure is applied to ensure that
connections are tight, necessary restraints are in place and secure, and components that should
be isolated or disconnected are isolated and disconnected. All low pressure filling lines and
other items not subject to the test pressure should be disconnected or isolated.

Hydrostatic pressue testing is preferred and is strongly recommended. The preffered testing
medium is clean water. The test section should be completely filled with the test medium,
taking care to bleed off trapped air, venting at high points may be required to purge air pockets
while the test section is filling. Venting may be provided by loosening flanges, or by using
equipment vents. Re-tighten any loosened flanges before applying test pressure.

Monitored Make-Up Water Test:

The test procedure consists of Initial expansion, and Test Phases. During the initial expansion
phase, the test section is pressurized to the test pressure (1.5 working pressure) for four hours,
and then sufficient make-up water is added each hour for three (3) hours to return to test
pressure.

After the initial expansion phase, about four hours after pressurization, the test phase begins.
The test phase may be one (1), two (2), or three (3) hours, after which a measured amount of
make-up water is added to return to test pressure. If the amount of water added does not
exceed table (9.5) values, leakage is not indicated

Table 9.5
Additional Water Amounts Allowed for PE Pipes
Expansion for (30.5) m Pipe Selection

Make-Up Water Allowance per 100 ft (30.50 m)

Nominal Diam.
1 Hour Test 2 Hour Test 3 Hour Test
in mm US Gallons Liters US Gallons Liters US Gallons Liters
1-1/4 31.8 0.06 0.23 0.10 0.38 0.16 0.60
1-1/2 38.1 0.07 0.26 0.10 0.38 0.17 0.64
2 50.8 0.07 0.26 0.11 0.42 0.19 0.72
3 76.2 0.10 0.38 0.15 0.57 0.25 0.95
4 101.6 0.13 0.49 0.25 0.95 0.40 1.51
5 127.0 0.19 0.72 0.38 1.44 0.58 2.19
5-3/8 136.7 0.21 0.79 0.41 1.55 0.62 2.34
6 152.4 0.30 1.13 0.60 2.27 0.90 3.40
7-1/8 181.0 0.40 1.51 0.70 2.65 1.00 3.78
8 203.2 0.50 1.89 1.00 3.78 1.50 5.67
10 254.0 0.80 3.02 1.30 4.91 2.10 7.94
12 304.8 1.10 4.16 2.30 8.69 3.40 12.85
13-3/8 339.9 1.20 4.54 2.50 9.45 3.70 13.99
14 355.6 1.40 5.29 2.80 10.58 4.20 15.88
16 406.4 1.70 6.43 3.30 12.47 5.00 18.90
18 457.2 2.00 7.56 4.30 16.25 6.50 24.57

9-11
Make-Up Water Allowance per 100 ft (30.50 m)
Nominal Diam.
1 Hour Test 2 Hour Test 3 Hour Test
in mm US Gallons Liters US Gallons Liters US Gallons Liters
20 508.0 2.80 10.58 5.50 20.79 8.00 30.24
22 558.8 3.50 13.23 7.00 26.46 10.50 39.69
24 609.6 4.50 17.01 8.90 33.64 13.30 50.27
26 660.4 5.00 18.90 10.00 37.80 15.00 56.70
28 711.2 5.50 20.79 11.10 41.96 16.80 63.50
30 762.0 6.30 23.81 12.70 48.01 19.20 72.58
32 812.8 7.00 26.46 14.30 54.05 21.50 81.27
34 863.6 8.00 30.24 16.20 61.24 24.30 91.85
36 914.4 9.00 34.02 18.00 68.04 27.00 102.06
42 1066.8 12.00 45.36 23.10 87.32 35.30 133.43
48 1219.2 15.00 56.70 27.00 102.06 43.00 162.54
54 1371.6 18.50 69.93 31.40 118.69 51.70 195.43

Non-monitored Make-Up Water Test:

The test procedure consists of initial expansion, and test phases. For the initial expansion
phase, make-up water is added as required to maintain the test pressure for four (4) hours. For
the test phase, the test pressure is reduced by 10 psi ( 0.7 bar, 68.95 kPa). If the pressure
remains steady (within 5% of the target value) for an hour, no leakage is indicated.

9.7 Measurements and Payment

The payment will be made on a lump sum basis for the testing of the whole project
distribution system or as specified in the Contract Tender Documents.

9-12