MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION-18EC743

MODULE-5
Multimedia Information Network

Pradeep Kumar Y
Assistant Professor
Dept.of ECE
Contents
• Introduction
• LANs
• Ethernet / IEEE 802
• Token ring
• Bridges
• FDDI
• High-speed LANs
• LAN Protocol
Introduction
• PSTN
• ISDN
• PBX (private branch exchange)
LANs
• LANs are used to interconnect distributed communities of end
systems

• To ensure the transmission bandwidth is shared fairly between all

of the attached stations, a number of different medium access
control (MAC) methods are used. These include (CSMA/CD) and
Token ring
Ethernet / IEEE 802. 3
• Ethernet networks – and the more recent derivative IEEE 802. 3 – are
used extensively in technical and office environment
• CSMA/CD
– All the stations are attached directly to the same cable/bus , it is said to
operate in a multiple access mode
– The bus operates in the broadcast mode which means that every frames
transmitted is received by all the other stations that are attached to the
bus
– Because of the broadcast mode , this will result in the contents of the
two frames being corrupted and a collision is said to have occurred
CSMA/CD worse-case collision detection

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CSMA/CD worse-case collision detection

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CSMA/CD worse-case collision detection

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CSMA/CD Protocol

• Carrier Sense before transmission

• Carrier Sense while transmission
• Collision: Two or more stations transmitting simultaneously
• Backoff: Random delay after collision
• Deference: Defers transmission if channel is sensed busy
• Collision Window (Slot time): Round-trip propagation delay time plus
some carrier sense time. In IEEE 802. 3, this value is defined to be 51. 2 us.
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CSMA/CD Collision Handling
• Collision Signal is generated by Physical layer.
• Jam signal (collision enforcement): To make sure that all stations
involved in the collision will detect collision. A pattern of 32 bits.

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Hub configuration principles

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Explain the frame formats and operational parameters of Ethernet/IEEE 802.3
(10 Marks JAN-FEB-2023)
IEEE 802. 3 Frame Format

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Explain in detail with diagrams, the token ring configuration, frame formats ,
frame transmission and reception with priority operation

Token ring
• All the stations are connected together by a set of unidirectional links
in the form of a ring and all frame transmissions between any of the
stations take place over it by circulating the frame around the ring
• Only one frame transfer can be in progress over the ring at a time

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Token ring
network operation

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Token ring
network operation

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Token ring wiring configuration- Single hub

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Token ring wiring configuration

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Token ring wiring configuration- Multiple hubs/concentrators

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Token ring Frame Format- Station Coupling Unit

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Token ring Frame Format

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Token ring
Frame Transmission

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Token ring
Frame Reception

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Internet networking components and protocols

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Describe the operation of ARP and RARP

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Bridges
There are two types of bridges ,
1) Used with Ethernet LANs, knows as transparent bridges
2) Used with token ring LANs, known as source routing bridges.

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Repeaters

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Bridges

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Transparent bridges
• With a transparent bridge, as with a repeater, the presence of one
(or more) bridges in a route between two communicating stations is
transparent to the two stations. All routing decisions are made
exclusively by the bridge(s)
• A bridge maintains a forwarding database
• Bridge learning – Forwarding database to be created in advanced

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Transparent bridge schematic
(a) architecture

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Transparent bridge schematic
(b) application example

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Source routing bridges
The major difference between a LAN base on source routing bridges
and one base on spanning tree bridges is:
• Bridges collectively perform the routing operation in a way that is
transparent to the end stations.
• Source routing , the end stations perform the routing function.

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An example source
routing bridged LAN:
(a) topology

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An example source
routing bridged LAN:
(b) routing table
entries.

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Token ring frame format: (a) position of routing information field

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Token ring frame format: (b) structure of routing information field

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Source routing example: (a) topology

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Source routing example: (b) spanning tree.

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FDDI
• FDDI is an optical fiber-based ring network that supports a bit rate
of 100 Mbps. It can used for the interconnection of segments spread
over a wider geographical area than a single building, such as a
university campus or manufacturing plant.
• Use two counter-rotating rings to enhance reliability: primary ring
and secondary ring
• Two type of station: DAS and SAS

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Typical establishment
wide LAN.

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Typical establishment
wide LAN.

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Ring fault detection and isolation:
(a) failure detection;

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Ring fault detection and isolation:
(b) redundant ring configuration

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Ring fault detection and isolation:
(c) segment isolation;

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Ring fault detection and isolation:
(d) station isolation

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FDDI wiring schematic:
(a) building

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FDDI wiring schematic:
(b) establishment.

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FDDI physical interface
schematic

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FDDI line coding and
framing detail:
(a) 4B5B codes

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FDDI line coding and framing detail:
(b) frame formats

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Internet networking components and protocols

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Describe the operation of ARP and RARP

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Explain the LAN protocols and Protocol Frame work
Explain the physical and MAC sublayer of LAN protocol

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LAN protocols
Protocol Framework

Example

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Fast Ethernet media-independent interface
Physical Layer

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MAC sublayer

MAC user service

primitives:
(a) CSMA/CD
(b) token ring.

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LLC-Sublayer LLC/MAC sublayer interactions.

LLC/MAC sublayer
interactions..

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Explain the Fragmentation and reassembly in the internet in detail

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Fragmentation and reassembly
Internet schematic

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Fragmentation and reassembly

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