A PROPOSED UNIVERSITY BATANGAS NASUGBU CAMPUS

DESIGN 6

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

University of Batangas – Lipa Campus

To be presented to:

Ar. Joanne Cristabel S. Bernardino, uap

Submitted by:

Ganan, Dave M.

BS Architecture 3C

February 09, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II: REVIEW AND LITERATED LITERATURE
Chapter III: CASE STUDY
Chapter IV: DATA PRESENTATION
Chapter V. SPATIAL PROGRAMMING
Chapter VI: UTILITY SYSTEMS
Chapter VII: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

The University of Batangas with its sustained growth institution, we envision an

exciting expansion that goes beyond the conventional boundaries of architecture. Our
project aims to transcend the limitations imposed by the current institutional model, daring
to leap from a linear structure to an organic, interconnected framework for education. At
its core, this architectural scheme proposes open spaces—vibrant, flexible environments
that foster collaboration, creativity, and holistic learning experiences.

UB, as the pioneering private university in Batangas Province, boasts a network of four
strategically located campuses across the region. Batangas Campus Situated atop the
picturesque Hilltop in Batangas City, this campus serves as the hub for various colleges,
the High School Department, and administrative offices. Notably, the pre-elementary and
elementary departments thrive at the Downtown campus, nestled along M.H. del Pilar
Street, adjacent to the City Library near the historic Batangas Basilica. The Pallocan East
Campus, this campus hosts the Waldorf School International, fostering holistic education
and innovative teaching methodologies. The latest addition to UB’s campus family, the
Lipa City Campus, graces the serene locale of Marawoy in Lipa City, Batangas.

Furthermore, the project will yield enhanced security measures, ensuring safety for all
stakeholders. Tangible outcomes also encompass landscaping enhancements, creating
aesthetically pleasing surroundings. The project’s boundaries are well-defined, focusing
specifically on the Nasugbu Campus. It does not extend to other campuses or unrelated
initiatives within the University of Batangas. The project must adhere to a predetermined
budget, optimizing resources effectively. Timelines are critical, considering academic
calendars and minimizing disruptions. Balancing cost and quality are essential to meet
stakeholder expectations. Engagement: Ensuring active involvement and communication
with students, faculty, and local communities.
CHAPTER II: REVIEW AND LITERATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature

Innovative Design:

The design should embrace forward-thinking solutions. It could involve sustainable

materials, flexible spaces, and technology integration. Consider incorporating adaptable
layouts, energy-efficient systems, and creative architectural elements that inspire learning
and collaboration. These designed educational spaces can have a significant impact on
the learning outcomes and well-being of students and teachers. In this study, we propose
an innovative design approach that integrates the principles of biophilic design, flexible
learning, and sustainability. Biophilic design is based on the idea that humans have an
innate connection to nature and that incorporating natural elements into the built
environment can enhance health, productivity, and creativity. Flexible learning is a
pedagogical approach that allows students to choose when, where, and how they learn,
and that adapts to their diverse needs and preferences. Sustainability is a guiding principle
that aims to reduce the environmental impact of buildings and promote social justice and
economic viability.

Applied this design approach to create a conceptual model of a school that spans
from elementary to college level, with the intention of fostering a seamless and lifelong
learning experience for students. The school is composed of modular units that can be
rearranged and reconfigured according to the changing needs of the curriculum and the
learners. The units are connected by green corridors that provide natural ventilation,
daylighting, and access to outdoor spaces. The school also features a variety of indoor
and outdoor learning spaces, such as classrooms, labs, studios, libraries, gardens,
playgrounds, and sports facilities, that cater to different learning styles and activities. The
school is designed to be energy-efficient, water-efficient, and waste-efficient, using
renewable energy sources, rainwater harvesting systems, and composting facilities. The
school also promotes a sense of community and collaboration among students, teachers,
and parents, by providing spaces for social interaction, co-creation, and civic engagement.
Moreover, innovative design approach combines with biophilic design, flexible
learning, and sustainability can create educational spaces that are conducive to learning,
well-being, and environmental stewardship.

Design Strategies:

• Promote cohesiveness by harmonizing building placement, massing, and material

choices across the campus and its surrounding landscapes.
• By taking a profound sense of place by drawing inspiration from the surrounding
natural beauty and also, to capture breathtaking scenic views, seamlessly weaving
them into the architectural fabric to foster strong and inviting indoor-outdoor
connections for all who inhabit or visit the space.
• With the unwavering commitment to world-class standards drives us to relentlessly
pursue architectural excellence, elevating design quality to its zenith, particularly
at significant entry points, while simultaneously enriching public spaces for the
benefit of all.

Design Guidelines

The campus is like a mini town with different zones for learning, living, playing, and
working. The outdoor spaces are designed to be welcoming and comfortable, with plants,
shades, lights, and seats. The buildings are smart and green, facing the sun in the best
way to save energy and stay cool or warm. They also look nice and neat, with similar
shapes and sizes that make the campus look unified. The building materials and colors
show what's going on inside, like science labs, art studios, or music halls. - Showcase the
academic cultures of the campus through the building exteriors, using materials, colors,
textures, and forms that reflect the programmatic activities inside.

Design Considerations

A campus is a complex and dynamic environment that requires careful planning

and design to meet the needs and expectations of its users. Some of the design
considerations for a campus are:
- Includes safety, accessibility, sustainability and functionality.

- Safety features may involve security cameras, emergency exits, fire alarms,
fences and gates.

- Accessibility features may involve ramps, elevators, wide corridors, signage and
lighting.

- Sustainability features may involve solar panels, rainwater harvesting, green

roofs, recycling bins and natural ventilation. Also, other principles may include such
as energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste reduction into the design and
operation of the campus.

- Functionality features may involve classrooms, libraries, labs, cafeterias,

auditoriums, sports facilities and restrooms.

- Incorporate natural elements such as plants, water, and sunlight to create a

healthy and stimulating learning environment.

- Provide flexible and adaptable spaces that can accommodate different learning
styles, activities, and group sizes.

- Use color, texture, and shape to create visual interest and identity for each school
level and subject area.

- Integrate technology and media into the design to enhance learning opportunities
and communication.

Design Approach:

The goal is to achieve a balance between aesthetics, functionality, and

sustainability in every project. By collaborating with stakeholders, the team can
understand their expectations, goals, and challenges. User needs are also prioritized to
ensure that the solutions are user-friendly, accessible, and relevant. That also strives to
create an environment that fosters growth, creativity, and community among themselves
and with the clients.
Design Principles:

- Technology integration: Schools should incorporate technology into their learning

spaces to enhance student engagement, collaboration, and creativity. Technology can
also support personalized learning, accessibility, and communication. Examples of
technology integration include interactive whiteboards, wireless devices, digital media,
and online platforms.

- Safety and security: Schools should provide a safe and secure environment for
students, staff, and visitors. Safety and security measures can include access control,
surveillance cameras, emergency systems, fire protection, and anti-bullying policies.
Schools should also foster a culture of respect, trust, and care among the school
community.

- Transparency: Schools should design their spaces to be transparent and open, allowing
natural light, visibility, and connection. Transparency can promote a sense of belonging,
curiosity, and accountability among students and teachers. It can also showcase student
work, celebrate achievements, and invite feedback. Examples of transparency include
glass walls, windows, display boards, and open classrooms.

- Multipurpose space: Schools should create flexible and adaptable spaces that can
serve multiple functions and accommodate different learning styles and activities.
Multipurpose spaces can encourage student choice, collaboration, and innovation. They
can also support project-based learning, interdisciplinary connections, and community
involvement. Examples of multipurpose spaces include libraries, cafeterias, auditoriums,
and outdoor areas.

- Outdoor learning: Schools should utilize their outdoor spaces as extensions of their
indoor learning environments. Outdoor learning can offer students opportunities to explore
nature, engage in physical activity, and connect with their surroundings. It can also support
environmental education, sustainability, and wellness. Examples of outdoor learning
include gardens, playgrounds, trails, and fields.
Outdoor spaces are an essential part of school campus design, as they provide
opportunities for students to learn, play, explore, and connect with nature. Outdoor spaces
can enhance students' curiosity, motivation, cognitive function, and self-esteem, as well
as their physical and mental health. Research shows that creating a strong connection
between indoors and outdoors benefits students in many ways. However, many schools’
outdoor spaces are underutilized or poorly designed, lacking character, variety, and
affordances for different types of activities.

To create effective and inspiring outdoor learning environments, school leaders and
designers need to understand the needs and preferences of students, as well as the
potential of the outdoor spaces around the school. Some strategies to improve school
outdoor spaces include:

- Creating boundaries and transitions that define and differentiate outdoor spaces, such
as fences, walls, planters, stages, or seating areas.

- Providing a range of spaces for different activities, such as passive or active, individual
or group, formal or informal, structured or unstructured.

- Incorporating natural elements, such as plants, trees, water, rocks, or soil, that stimulate
students' senses and invite exploration and discovery.

- Adding features that support learning and play, such as signs, labels, maps, books,
games, tools, or equipment.

- Engaging students and community members in the design and maintenance of outdoor
spaces, such as through surveys, workshops, projects, or events.

Designing of Indoor spaces and areas for a school campus is a complex and challenging
task that requires careful planning, creativity and collaboration. The goal is to create
environments that are conducive to learning, comfortable, safe and accessible for
students, teachers and staff. Some of the factors that need to be considered are:
- The size, shape and layout of the rooms and corridors

- The furniture, equipment and materials that will be used

- The lighting, ventilation, acoustics and temperature control systems

- The color scheme, aesthetics and style of the interior design

- The accessibility, security and emergency features of the building

- The alignment with the school's vision, mission and values

Considering Private and Public Spaces

- Standard classrooms: These are the most common type of classrooms, where
students sit in rows or groups and the teacher lectures from the front. They can
accommodate different subjects and activities, such as reading, writing, math,
social studies, etc.
- Flexible classrooms: These are classrooms that can be easily rearranged to suit
different learning styles and needs. They may have movable furniture, walls, or
partitions, and allow for more collaboration and creativity among students and
teachers.
- Science labs: These are specialized classrooms that are equipped with tools and
materials for conducting scientific experiments and investigations. They may have
sinks, tables, cabinets, microscopes, scales, etc. They are usually used for
subjects such as biology, chemistry, physics, etc.
- Computer labs: These are classrooms that have computers and internet access
for students and teachers. They may also have printers, scanners, projectors, etc.
They are usually used for subjects such as computer science, digital literacy,
coding, etc.
- Art studios: These are classrooms that have space and supplies for creating
various forms of art, such as painting, drawing, sculpting, pottery, etc. They may
have easels, tables, shelves, kilns, etc. They are usually used for subjects such as
art, music, drama, etc.
- Language labs: These are classrooms that have audio and video equipment for
practicing and learning foreign languages. They may have headphones,
microphones, speakers, screens, etc. They are usually used for subjects such as
English, Spanish, French, etc.
- Library: This is a space that has books and other resources for reading and
research. It may also have computers, printers, scanners, etc. It is usually used for
independent or group study, as well as for borrowing books and materials.
- Gymnasium: This is a large space that has equipment and facilities for physical
education and sports. It may have mats, balls, nets, hoops, etc. It is usually used
for activities such as basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, etc.
- Auditorium: This is a large space that has a stage and seating for performances
and presentations. It may have lights, sound system, curtains, etc. It is usually
used for events such as assemblies, concerts, plays, etc.
CHAPTER III: CASE STUDY

LOCAL LITERATURE

Mapúa University

Mapua University is one of the leading institutions for architecture education in the
Philippines. It offers a Bachelor of Science in Architecture program that is designed to
guide students in progressively assimilating the creative and technical aspects of the
profession while developing in them sensitivity to their rich cultural heritage. The program
combines theoretical and practical aspects of the practice that emphasizes the optimum
development of the students’ analytical and creative skills. It also provides computer-aided
design and drafting courses, architectural internship, and correlation courses to link the
students to the world of practice.

The School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and The Built Environment of Mapua
University also conducts various research outputs and scholarly works that contribute to
the advancement of knowledge and innovation in the field of architecture. Some of the
topics include value-based design guidelines for urban heritage areas, performance
metrics on 3D architectural visualization skills and tools, global competitiveness and the
use of ability grouping for architecture graduates, and weaving and architecture: a study
of women's role in the vernacular architecture of the Cordilleras.

Mapua University also strives to provide a conducive learning environment for its
architecture students by developing its campus facilities and amenities. Some of these
include social rooms, student halls, support center for minority groups, discussion rooms,
and bookstore.
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Ateneo De Manila University

Ateneo de Manila University is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities
in the Philippines. It was founded in 1859 by the Jesuits as a college offering liberal arts
and theology courses. Today, it offers various undergraduate and graduate programs in
arts, sciences, law, business, education, and medicine. The university is also known for
its distinctive architecture that reflects its history, culture, and values.

One of the most prominent features of the university is its Loyola Heights campus,
which covers 83 hectares of land in Quezon City. The campus was established in 1952,
when the university moved from its original location in Manila that was destroyed during
World War II. The campus has a variety of buildings that showcase different styles and
functions, such as the Xavier Hall, the administration building that has a neo-classical
design; the Blue Eagle Gym, the first structure erected on campus that has a modernist
style; the Grade School Chapel, a circular building that has a Brutalist style; and the Areté,
a creative hub that has a contemporary style. The campus also has a master plan that
guides its physical development for the next 10 years. The master plan was commissioned
in 2013 and completed in 2016 by PGAA Creative Design, a firm led by renowned
landscape architect Paulo Alcazaren. The master plan aims to enhance the campus's
identity, sustainability, accessibility, and connectivity. Some of the features of the master
plan include creating more green spaces, improving pedestrian and bicycle paths, adding
more facilities for sports and recreation, and integrating public art and heritage elements.

The architecture of Ateneo de Manila University reflects its vision of being a

Filipino, Catholic, and Jesuit institution that forms men and women for others. The
buildings not only serve as functional spaces for learning, research, and community
engagement, but also as symbols of the university's history, culture, and values.

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FOREIGN LITERATURE

Clemson University

Clemson University is a renowned institution that has taught architecture for over
a century. The School of Architecture at Clemson is committed to addressing the
contemporary and global challenges of the 21st century by embracing pedagogical and
technological advancements. The school offers various degree tracks and programs that
cater to the diverse interests and backgrounds of its students, such as Architecture +
Health, Fluid Campus, and Historic Preservation. The school also strives to provide
visionary design solutions that prioritize sustainability, environmental preservation, and
social equity on a global scale. Clemson Architecture balances the theoretical, conceptual,
and historical knowledge with the practical skills needed for architectural practice and
leadership.

Clemson University has a long history of excellence in architectural education,

dating back to 1896 when it first offered courses in architecture. Since then, the school
has grown to become one of the leading institutions in the nation, ranking among the top
20 architecture programs by Design Intelligence. The School of Architecture at Clemson
is also recognized for its innovative and interdisciplinary approach to teaching and
research, collaborating with other disciplines such as engineering, health sciences,
landscape architecture, planning, and art. The school has four locations: the main campus
in Clemson, South Carolina; the Clemson Design Center in Charleston; the Clemson
Architecture Center in Genoa, Italy; and the Clemson Architecture Foundation in
Barcelona, Spain. These locations offer students the opportunity to experience different
cultures, climates, and contexts while learning from distinguished faculty and practitioners.
The school also has strong connections with the professional community, offering
internships, mentorships, and workshops that prepare students for the real-world
challenges of architecture. The Historic Preservation program is a certificate program that
teaches students how to conserve and revitalize historic buildings and landscapes. The
school also offers dual degree options with other disciplines such as Landscape
Architecture (MLA), City and Regional Planning (MCRP), Real Estate Development
(MRED), or Business Administration (MBA).

The Campus is not only dedicated to educating future architects but also to creating
positive impacts on society and the environment through design. The school's faculty and
students engage in cutting-edge research projects that address global issues such as
climate change, social equity, health disparities, urbanization, and cultural diversity. The
school also participates in community outreach initiatives that provide design services to
underserved populations or regions. Some examples of these initiatives are the
Community Research and Design Center (CR+DC), which works with local communities
in South Carolina to improve their quality of life; the Clemson Community Build Studio
(CCBS), which designs and builds affordable housing for low-income families; and the
Solar Decathlon Team (SDT), which competes in an international competition to design
and construct energy-efficient solar-powered houses.

Clemson Architecture is more than just a school; it is a community of passionate and

creative individuals who share a common vision of making the world a better place through
architecture. By offering a comprehensive and diverse curriculum, a supportive and
collaborative environment, and a global perspective on design, the school prepares its
students for successful careers and lifelong learning in architecture.

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CHAPTER IV: DATA PRESENTATION

SITE ANALYSIS

A SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool that helps identify the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a project or organization. It can be used to
evaluate the internal and external factors that affect the performance and potential of a
business, product, service or idea. A SWOT analysis typically consists of four elements:

• Strengths: These are the positive attributes or advantages that give an edge over
competitors or challenges. They can be tangible or intangible, such as skills,
resources, reputation, quality, etc.
• Weaknesses: These are the negative aspects or limitations that hinder the
achievement of goals or objectives. They can be internal or external, such as lack
of expertise, funding, technology, customer satisfaction, etc.
• Opportunities: These are the favorable situations or trends that create possibilities
for growth, improvement or success. They can be external or internal, such as
market demand, innovation, partnerships, etc.
• Threats: These are the unfavorable factors or risks that pose challenges or
obstacles to the desired outcomes. They can be external or internal, such as
competition, regulation, economic downturn, etc. Site analysis is a process that
involves research and analysis of the social, historical, climatic, geographic, legal
and infrastructure aspects of a location. This work is delivered visually, such as
site analysis diagrams, which are then used when planning to build a structure or
building.

SITE ANALYSIS

Site analysis provides a vital foundation and crucial starting point for any
architectural project. It helps to determine the placement, orientation, form and
materiality of the building, as well as its structure, sustainability and procurement route.
Site analysis also ensures that the proposed design harmoniously integrates with its
surroundings, adheres to regulatory requirements, and meets the needs of its intended
use.

Some of the key aspects of site analysis include:

- Location and Context: Geographical location, urban or rural setting, neighborhood

context.

- Topography: Landform, slopes, elevation, and contours of the site.

- Climate: Local weather patterns, sun path, wind direction, precipitation levels.

- Vegetation: Types of plants, trees, and natural features present on the site.

- Soil Type: Composition, stability, and bearing capacity of the soil.

- Hydrology: Presence of water bodies, drainage patterns, flood risk areas.

- Access and Circulation: Availability of roads, pedestrian paths, and public transport.

- Existing Structures: Buildings or other structures already on the site.

- Utilities and Services: Availability of electricity, water, sewage, internet, and other
services.

- Regulatory Factors: Zoning laws, building codes, environmental regulations.

- Cultural and Historical Factors: Historical significance, cultural landmarks, or heritage

sites.

- Views and Vistas: Scenic views or important sightlines from and to the site.

- Noise and Air Quality: Levels of ambient noise, air pollution, and other environmental
factors.

The outcome of site analysis is typically a comprehensive report that guides the design
process.

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Mega, Macro & Micro

The strategic approach a site analysis is to consider the objective and subjective
data at three different scales:

Mega - The very large, or huge context of the site including the suburb and even the
larger city conditions and relationships.

Macro - The large scale including the full site and immediate surround on all sides.

Micro - The very small within the site including the qualities and characteristics of
individual objects and elements.

The project and site are not isolated entities. They are embedded in a dynamic context
and interact with their surroundings at different scales, from the immediate site to the
broader suburb and city. They also have links and impacts on the local community and
residents.

Objective or Hard Data

Objective or hard data in site analysis refers to the quantitative and measurable
aspects of a site, such as its size, shape, orientation, topography, climate, soil,
vegetation, infrastructure, accessibility, and zoning. These data can be collected through
various methods, such as surveys, maps, aerial photographs, satellite images, GIS, and
field observations. Objective or hard data can help to identify the site's potentials and
constraints, as well as to evaluate its suitability for a specific design project. Objective or
hard data can also be used to compare different sites and to establish design criteria
and performance indicators.

- Site location, size, shape, orientation, topography, and boundaries

- Site zoning, regulations, restrictions, and easements

- Site climate, microclimate, solar access, wind patterns, and precipitation

- Site geology, hydrology, soil conditions, and vegetation

- Site infrastructure, utilities, services, and accessibility

- Site history, context, culture, and character

Subjective or Soft Data

Subjective or soft data are the qualitative aspects of a site analysis that are not
easily measured or quantified. They include the perceptions, preferences, opinions, and
emotions of the users, visitors, and stakeholders of a site. Subjective data can help to
understand the intangible values, meanings, and experiences that a site offers or
evokes. Some examples of subjective data are:

- The aesthetic appeal of a site's design, layout, color scheme, and materials

- The sense of place, identity, and culture that a site conveys or reflects

- The level of comfort, safety, accessibility, and inclusivity that a site provides

- The degree of satisfaction, enjoyment, engagement, and loyalty that a site generates

- The potential for creativity, innovation, collaboration, and learning that a site foster.
CHAPTER V. SPATIAL PROGRAMMING

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

It is the way a company or an institution arranges its people, roles, and

responsibilities to achieve its goals and objectives. It defines how the work is divided,
coordinated, and supervised among different levels and units of the organization.
Organizational structure also influences the culture, communication, decision-making, and
performance of the organization.

There are different types of organizational structures, such as functional, divisional,

matrix, network, and hybrid. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages
depending on the size, complexity, and strategy of the organization. Some factors that
affect the choice of organizational structure are the nature of the industry, the market, the
technology, the environment, and the organizational goals and values.

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Demographic Data of Expected Users

One of the important factors to consider when designing a school campus is the
demographic data of the expected users. This data can help to determine the optimal
layout, facilities, services, and accessibility of the campus. Some of the demographic data
that can be useful are:

Age range: The age range of the expected users can affect the size, type, and number of
classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and other learning spaces. It can also influence the
choice of furniture, equipment, and technology that are suitable for different age groups.

Gender distribution: The gender distribution of the expected users can affect the
allocation of restrooms, locker rooms, and other gender-specific facilities. It can also
influence the design of sports fields, gyms, and other recreational spaces that cater to
different gender preferences.

Cultural diversity: The cultural diversity of the expected users can affect the inclusion of
multicultural elements in the campus design, such as art, architecture, language, and
religion. It can also influence the provision of cultural awareness programs, events, and
activities that promote respect and tolerance among different cultures.

Socioeconomic status: The socioeconomic status of the expected users can affect the
affordability and accessibility of the campus. It can also influence the availability of
financial aid, scholarships, and other support services that help to reduce the barriers to
education for low-income and disadvantaged students.

Special needs: The special needs of the expected users can affect the compliance with
accessibility standards and regulations for people with disabilities. It can also influence the
provision of specialized facilities, equipment, and staff that cater to the specific needs of
students with physical, mental, or learning disabilities.

By analyzing the demographic data of the expected users, a school campus can be
designed to meet the diverse needs and preferences of its students, staff, and visitors.
This can enhance the quality of education, safety, comfort, and satisfaction of the campus
community.
CHAPTER VI: UTILITY SYSTEMS

Utility systems are essential for providing a safe, comfortable, and functional
environment for the occupants and users of the building or facility. Utility systems also
have an impact on the energy efficiency, environmental performance, and resilience of the
building or facility.

UTILITY SYSTEMS TO BE USED

Structural System:

This service deals with the analysis and design of the structural elements that
support the loads and forces acting on the building, such as columns, beams, slabs,
foundations, etc. Structural engineers also ensure that the building can withstand natural
hazards such as earthquakes, wind, snow, etc.

Some types of construction work that are used in structural engineering are:

• Reinforced concrete construction: This involves using concrete that is

embedded with steel bars or mesh to increase its strength and ductility. Reinforced
concrete can be used for various structural elements such as beams, columns,
slabs, walls, foundations, etc.
• Steel construction: This involves using steel sections or plates that are connected
by bolts, welds, or rivets to form the structural framework of the building. Steel
construction can provide high strength, stiffness, and durability, as well as flexibility
in design and fabrication.
• Timber construction: This involves using wood or engineered wood products
such as plywood, laminated veneer lumber, or glued laminated timber to create the
structural components of the building. Timber construction can offer advantages
such as low cost, light weight, thermal insulation, and aesthetic appeal.
• Masonry construction: This involves using bricks, blocks, stones, or tiles that are
bonded together by mortar to form the structural walls of the building. Masonry
construction can provide high compressive strength, fire resistance, and sound
insulation, as well as historical and cultural value.
• Composite construction: This involves using a combination of different materials
to create the structural elements of the building. For example, composite beams
can consist of a steel section encased in concrete, or composite columns can
consist of a concrete core surrounded by a steel shell. Composite construction can
enhance the performance and efficiency of the structure by utilizing the best
properties of each material.

Electrical System:

This service covers the design and installation of the electrical systems that
provide power, lighting, communication, security, and automation to the building. Electrical
engineers also coordinate with other services to avoid conflicts and ensure safety and
efficiency.

This service covers the design and installation of the following electrical systems for the
building:

• Power distribution system, including transformers, switchboards, panelboards,

circuit breakers, and outlets.
• Lighting system, including fixtures, switches, dimmers, sensors, and controls.
• Communication system, including telephone, data, intercom, public address, and
audiovisual equipment.
• Security system, including alarms, cameras, access control, and fire detection and
suppression devices.
• Automation system, including building management system (BMS), heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) controls, and energy management system
(EMS).
- Electrical grounding and bonding system, including electrodes, conductors,
connectors, and surge protection devices.

Electrical engineers also coordinate with other services such as plumbing, mechanical,
structural, and architectural to avoid conflicts and ensure safety and efficiency. They also
comply with the relevant codes and standards for electrical design and installation.

Mechanical System:

This service encompasses the design and installation of the mechanical systems
that provide heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, plumbing, fire protection,
and other utilities to the building. Mechanical engineers also optimize the performance
and energy consumption of these systems.

Some possible types of construction work to be used in Mechanical System are:

• Ductwork installation: This involves the fabrication and installation of ducts that
distribute air throughout the building. Ductwork can be made of metal, fiberglass,
or plastic, and can have various shapes and sizes depending on the design and
layout of the building. Ductwork installation requires careful coordination with other
trades, such as electrical and structural, to ensure proper alignment and clearance.
• Piping installation: This involves the installation of pipes that carry water, steam,
gas, or other fluids to and from the mechanical equipment. Piping can be made of
copper, steel, plastic, or other materials, and can have different diameters and
pressures depending on the application. Piping installation requires skilled workers
who can cut, bend, weld, solder, or join pipes according to specifications.
• Equipment installation: This involves the installation of mechanical equipment
that provides heating, cooling, ventilation, refrigeration, or other functions to the
building. Equipment can include boilers, chillers, heat pumps, air handlers, fans,
pumps, compressors, or other devices. Equipment installation requires proper
rigging, lifting, anchoring, and connecting of the equipment to the piping and
ductwork systems.

Plumbing and Sanitary System:

This service involves the design and installation of the plumbing and sanitary
systems that provide water supply, drainage, sewage disposal, stormwater management,
and waste management to the building. Plumbing and sanitary engineers also ensure that
these systems comply with the health and environmental standards and regulations.

Some types of construction work that are involved in plumbing and sanitary system are:

• Excavation and trenching: This involves digging the ground to lay the pipes and
conduits for water supply, drainage, sewage, and stormwater systems. The depth
and width of the excavation depend on the size and type of the pipes, the soil
conditions, and the safety requirements.
• Pipe laying and joining: This involves placing the pipes in the excavated trenches
and connecting them with appropriate fittings, joints, valves, and accessories. The
pipes can be made of various materials such as copper, steel, plastic, or concrete.
The pipe laying and joining methods vary depending on the material, pressure,
and temperature of the fluid being conveyed.
• Testing and commissioning: This involves checking the performance and
functionality of the plumbing and sanitary systems before they are put into
operation. The testing and commissioning procedures include leak detection,
pressure testing, flow measurement, flushing, disinfection, and inspection.
• Maintenance and repair: This involves keeping the plumbing and sanitary
systems in good working condition by performing regular cleaning, servicing,
troubleshooting, and fixing any defects or damages. Maintenance and repair
activities can include replacing worn-out parts, clearing blockages, repairing leaks,
adjusting valves, and upgrading components.

Fire Protection System:

This service focuses on the design and installation of the fire protection systems
that prevent, detect, control, and extinguish fires in the building. Fire protection engineers
also coordinate with other services to ensure compliance with the fire codes and safety
requirements.

Some possible types of construction work to be used in Fire Protection System are:

• Sprinkler installation: This involves installing pipes, valves, sprinkler heads, and
other components that deliver water to the fire source in case of activation.
• Fire alarm installation: This involves installing devices such as smoke detectors,
heat detectors, pull stations, horns, strobes, and control panels that detect and
alert the occupants and the fire department of a fire event.
• Fire suppression installation: This involves installing systems that use alternative
agents such as foam, gas, or chemicals to suppress or extinguish the fire in specific
areas or applications.
• Fire barrier installation: This involves installing materials such as fire-rated walls,
doors, windows, ceilings, and floors that prevent or slow down the spread of fire
and smoke within the building.
• Fire pump installation: This involves installing pumps that boost the water pressure
and flow for the sprinkler system in case of insufficient water supply from the main
source.

Landscaping:

Landscaping engineering is a service that deals with the design and

implementation of the landscaping elements that enhance the aesthetic and functional
aspects of the building and its surroundings. These elements may include plants, water
features, lighting, pathways, drainage systems, irrigation systems, retaining walls, fences,
and other structures. Landscaping engineers also consider the environmental impact and
sustainability of these elements, such as their water consumption, energy efficiency,
carbon footprint, biodiversity, soil erosion, and stormwater management. Landscaping
engineering aims to create outdoor spaces that are attractive, comfortable, safe, and
harmonious with the natural and built environment.

Auxiliary Systems:

Auxiliary systems are essential for the smooth functioning and safety of any
building. They include various services that support the main activities and operations of
the building, such as elevators, escalators, generators, backup power, fire alarms, security
systems, etc. Auxiliary systems engineers are responsible for designing and installing
these services in a way that ensures their reliability, efficiency, and compatibility with other
systems. They also monitor and maintain these services to prevent failures and
disruptions. Auxiliary systems engineers work closely with other engineers and contractors
to coordinate the integration of the auxiliary systems with the architectural and structural
design of the building.
Chapter VII: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the proposed architectural design aims to create a functional and

aesthetic space that meets the needs and preferences of the client. The design
incorporates elements of sustainability, accessibility, and innovation, while respecting the
context and culture of the site. The design also considers the budget, timeline, and
feasibility of the project, and provides a clear and detailed plan for its implementation and
evaluation. The design is expected to achieve the desired outcomes and benefits for the
client and the community, and to contribute to the advancement of the architectural field.

RECOMMENDATION

Some of the advice we give may sound obvious, but sadly, they are still needed to remind
us of the standards that should be met in every school building. These standards are:

1. The campus should have a clear and coherent layout that facilitates navigation
and accessibility for students, staff and visitors.
2. The campus should reflect the school's identity and values, as well as showcase
the creativity and innovation of its students and faculty.
3. The campus should provide adequate and diverse spaces for learning, teaching,
research, collaboration, socialization and recreation.
4. The campus should incorporate sustainable and energy-efficient design principles,
such as natural lighting, ventilation, green roofs, solar panels and rainwater
harvesting.
5. The campus should be integrated with the surrounding context and community,
respecting the local culture, history and environment.
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