E5-E6 Electrical (Technical) Overview of Broadband Network

CHAPTER – 4

OVERVIEW OF BROADBAND
NETWORK

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E5-E6 Electrical (Technical) Overview of Broadband Network

Introduction:
With the evolution of computer networking and packet switching concept a new era of integrated
communication has emerged in the telecom world. Rapid growth of data communication market
and popularity of Internet, reflect the needs of enhanced infrastructure to optimize the demand of
traffic. Integration of telecom and computer networking technology trend has further amplified
the importance of telecommunications in the field of information communication. It becomes a
tool for the conveyance of information, and thus can be critical to the development process.
Telecommunications has become one of the most important infrastructures that are very essential
to the socio-economic well-being of any nation. As the Internet market continues to explode,
demand for greater bandwidth and faster connection speeds have led to several technological
approaches developed to provide broadband access to all consumers. The demand for high-speed
bandwidth is growing at a fast pace, driven mostly by growth in data volumes as the Internet and
related networks become more central to business operations. The rapid growth of distributed
business applications, e-commerce, and bandwidth-intensive applications (such as multimedia,
videoconferencing, and video on demand) generate the demand for bandwidth and access
network.
Objective:

At the end of this lesson, participants will be able to

understand:

 Overview of broadband network

 Broadband Network Architecture & Components
 Role of Servers in broadband Network
 LateST Development in Broadband:MNG-PAN

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4. OVERVIEW OF BROADBAND NETWORK

A concept of broadband services and the means of access technologies to bridge the customer
and service provider is emerged out throughout the world. "Broadband" refers to high-speed
Internet access. Broadband Solutions represent the convergence of multiple independent
networks including voice, video and data into a single, unified, broadband network.

Definition of broadband
Broadband is the nonspecific term for high-speed digital Internet access. To state the obvious,
‘broadband’ indicates a means of connectivity at a high or ‘broad’ bandwidth. There are the
various ways to define the broadband: -
 Term for evolving digital technologies that provide customers a high-speed data network
connection
 Provides signal switched facility offering integrated access to voice, data, video, and
interactive delivery services
 The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) defines broadband as an advanced
telecommunications capability
 Delivers services & facilities with an upstream and downstream speed of 200 Kbps or
more. Range varies from 128 Kbps to 100 Mbps.
In fact there is no specific International Definition for Broadband
In India, Department of Telecommunications has issued a Broadband policy in 2004. Keeping in
view the present status, Broadband connectivity is defined at present as: -
“An ‘always-on’ data connection that is able to support interactive services including Internet
access and has the capability of the minimum download speed of 256 kilo bits per second (kbps)
to an individual subscriber from the Point Of Presence (POP) of the service provider intending to
provide Broadband service where multiple such individual Broadband connections are
aggregated and the subscriber is able to access these interactive services including the Internet
through this POP. The interactive services will exclude any services for which a separate license
is specifically required, for example, real-time voice transmission, except to the extent that it is
presently permitted under ISP license with Internet Telephony.
It reflects that: -
 One of the latest trends in enhancing communication systems involves broadband
technology
 Broadband refers to greater bandwidth-or transmission capacity of a medium
 Broadband technology will allow for high-speed transmission of voice, video, and data
over networks like the Internet

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Implementation of Broadband
To Strengthen Broadband Penetration, the Government of India has formulated a Broadband
Policy whose main objectives are to:-
 Establish a regulatory framework for the carriage and the content of information in the
scenario of convergence.
 Facilitate development of national infrastructure for an information based society.
 Make available broadband interactive multimedia services to users in the public network.
 Provide high speed data and multimedia capability using new technologies to all towns
with a population greater than 2 lakhs.
 Make available Internet services at panchayat (village) level for access to information to
provide product consultancy and marketing advice.
 Deploy state of art and proven technologies to facilitate introduction of new services.
 Strengthen research and development efforts in the telecom technologies.

Need of Broadband
The concept of socio economy has an important role in the field of communication of data,
audio, video, speech or any other kind of application. It is an era of CAPEX and OPEX. Service
providers and customers both are interested in economy with fastest tool of communication with
more throughput. Traditional circuit switching network are not supporting the effective fast
communication for new applications. This has emerged out with the evolution of packet
switching network. Communication of data for various applications is feasible to carry with
different throughput.
The service provider converged voice and data network promises to be implemented as nodes in
a neighborhood or remote switches in regional locations.
The Internet, e-mail, web sites, software downloads, file transfers: they are all now part of the
fabric of doing business. But until now, it has not been possible for businesses to fully take
advantage of the benefits that technology can truly deliver. The reason for this is a simple one - a
lack of bandwidth. Even for small businesses, narrowband dial-up access is no longer sufficient.
It simply takes too long to do basic tasks, like downloading a large file, and is increasingly being
recognized as insufficient and inconvenient.
Kim Maxwell in his book-"Residential Broadband: An Insider's Guide to the Battle for the Last
Mile" has grouped potential residential broadband applications into three general categories:
"professional activities " (activities related to users' employment), "entertainment activities "
(from game playing to movie watching), and "consumer activities " (all other non-employment
and non-entertainment activities). as follows:

Professional Activities:
 Telecommuting (access to corporate networks and systems to support working at home
on a regular basis)
 Video conferencing (one-to-one or multi-person video telephone calls)

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 Home-based business (including web serving, e-commerce with customers, and other
financial functions)
 Home office (access to corporate networks and e-mail to supplement work at a primary
office location)

Entertainment Activities:
 Web surfing (as today, but at higher speeds with more video content)
 Video-on-demand (movies and rerun or delayed television shows)
 Video games (interactive multi-player games)

Consumer Activities:
 Shopping (as today, but at higher speeds with more video content)
 Telemedicine (including remote doctor visits and remote medical analyses by medical
specialists)
 Distance learning (including live and pre-recorded educational presentations)
 Public services (including voting and electronic town hall meetings)
 Information gathering (using the Web for non-entertainment purposes)
 Photography (editing, distributing, and displaying of digital photographs)
 Video conferencing among friends and family
These applications have different bandwidth requirements, and some of them are still out of
reach today. For example, all of the "professional" activities will likely be supported with less
than 1.0 Mbps of bandwidth. Similarly, web surfing and home shopping will be supported with
less than 1.0 Mbps of bandwidth.
Movies and video, however, demand more bandwidth. Feature length movies can probably be
delivered with 1.5 Mbps of bandwidth, but broadcast quality video will probably require more—
perhaps as much as 6.0 Mbps. Moreover, if high definition television ("HDTV") is widely
accepted as a new broadcast standard, that quality of video would require almost 20.0 Mbps of
bandwidth — much higher than the current broadband technologies will support. Thus, although
the technology is moving toward flexible, high-quality video-on-demand, the necessary speed is
probably still more than a few years away from becoming a reality.
The Internet is poised to spin off thousands of specialized broadband services. The access
network needs to provide the platform for delivery of these services. Following are the various
applications or services, which are very popular in society and needs broadband connectivity: -

Virtual Networks
The private virtual networks (LAN/WAN) can be used in an ample variety of multimedia
services, like bank accounts and central offices
.

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Education by distance
Education will not have any limits to reach from source to destination. Along with the traditional
school a concept of remote leaning center is emerged out and popular for various courses. There
is no limit of distance, area or location in such distance learning. The student situated in the
remote station can intervene directly to his class with a double system via videoconference,
whilst this happens, simultaneously, the file ex change

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Telework
Organization firm workers that incorporate communication systems via satellite, can work
remotely connecting directly to their head offices Internet by a high speed connection that
permits users to work efficiently and comfortable.
Telemedicine
Doctors situated in different clinics can stay in contact and consult themselves directly to other
regional medical centers, using videoconference and the exchange of high quality images, giving
out test results and any type of information. Also rural zone can have the opinion of specialists
situated in remote hospitals quickly and efficiently.
Electronic commerce
Electronic commerce is a system that permits users to pay goods and services by Internet.
Thanks to this service, any person connected to the network can ad quire such services with
independence from the place that he is situated and during the 24 hours, simply using a portable
computer.
Technology options for broadband services
Communication of data with different throughput is feasible by following technologies: -
 Narrow Band
2.4 kbps – 128kbps
 Broadband
256kbps – 8000kbps
 LAN
1000kbps – 100Mbps / Giga Ethernet Various Access Technologies are used for
the delivery of broadband services.
Broadband communications technology can be divided broadly in to following categories: -
 Wireline Technology
 Wireless Technologies
Service providers according to available technology and access provide the broadband services
to customers. The access technologies that are adopted by the services providers are mainly
Optical Fiber Technologies, DSL on copper loop, Cable TV Network, Satellite Media, cellular
and fixed wireless, Terrestrial Wireless etc.
Technology options for broadband services may be classified according to the mode of access.

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Wire line Technologies include

 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) on copper loop
 Optical Fiber Technologies
 Cable TV Network
 PLC (Power Line Communication
Wireless Technologies include
 Satellite Media
 Terrestrial Wireless
 3G Mobile
 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
 WiMax
 LMDS and MMDS
 FSO (Free Space Optics)
Broadband Network
The broadband services reached to customer from the three providers. Basically these are Service
Provider, Network Provider and Access Provider. The role of Network Provider is to provide the
services offered to customer through the access extended by Access Provider. There are various
types of networks which are capable of transmitting and managing the broadband traffic to
desired nodes or locations.
Wireline access technology through DSL, Fiber, Cable etc are generally adopts:
 IP based Network
 ATM Network
Wireless access technology through Wi-Fi, Wi-Max. 3G mobile etc provides wireless access to
ingress point of any core network any migrates to Internet world.
Broadband technologies used in Asian countries
Broadband technologies go through two stages of development in Asian countries. In the early
stage, sharp technological divisions exist among players due to regulatory constraints. There are
various mode of access used by service providers in this field. Following was the beginning
scenario in various countries like Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, India and Singapore: -
 Basic Telecom service providers adopted the use of ISDN/DSL
 CATV operators use cable modems
 Competitive players use wireless technologies.
In the later stage of development, technological divisions are shaped by geography and
infrastructure. The broadband started establishing and due to a progressive regulatory framework
it has matured in the market. In the countries like Korea and Philippines service providers
employ several technologies for the broadband in their networks.
 DSL and cable modems are used where the PSTN and CATV are in place.

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 Where rainfall is light, an LMDS is used to serve densely populated areas with little
infrastructure and unwired business districts.
 Satellite is used to service rural areas where population densities are low
Once newer technologies are available in the market, ISDN becomes relatively less important.
Established telephone companies are calculating the economics of converting the Last Mile of
existing networks to all-digital systems. Hong Kong and Singapore citizens already have
broadband access, such as movies on demand, through their local telecom network. Cable-TV
operators, too, are venturing into high-speed Internet access through modified networks and end-
user "cable modems." Advances in wireless communications means that people starts surfing the
net with cell phones at speeds comparable to or greater than current home access.
Summary
There are tremendous changes in the telecommunication technologies. With the evolution of
Internet telecom world has merged rapidly in computer network.
Broadband Internet connections allow users to download web pages and data many times faster
than conventional 'narrowband' Internet access. Broadband services are 'always-on' - the
computer is connected to the Internet continuously. Users pay a flat rate independent of how long
they spend on the Internet or the amount of data downloaded. Broadband users typically spend
four times as long online as narrowband customers and broadband take-up has been faster than
many comparable technologies, competitiveness. Broadband is needed in the present scenario
due to new technologies and emerging out various types of Data communication applications.
It is around the Professional activities, Entertainment activities, and Consumer Activities. These
applications have different bandwidth requirements and most of them need more bandwidth.
Various technologies are available to service providers by which they can extend the Broadband
services to customers. These technologies are mainly classified under two categories i.e. Wire
line and Wireless technologies. Existing infrastructure used to access telecom services is
exploits for broadband as an economical aspects and faster development. DSL on copper loops,
Optical fiber, cable TV are the popular technologies for Broadband. World has also entered in
the field of wireless to provide the broadband through GSM, CDMA, LMDS, MMDS, WiMax
and Wi-Fi.
The public sector will be one of the key drivers of broadband demand. Pooling requirements
from hospitals, schools etc. could permit more cost effective procurement and stimulate
broadband rollout.

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E5-E6 Electrical (Technical) Overview of Broadband Network

4. (i) BROADBAND NETWORK ARCHITECTURE &

COMPONENTS
Broadband Multiplay Project:
Planning, Engineering, Supply, Installation, Testing, Commissioning and Integration. It
consists of Network Elements which are used for extending internet to customers by using DSL
Line or Optical Fibre Technology.
DSL Technology is to use the existing Twisted Pair Copper Cable for Telephone, Broadband
Internet & IPTV.
DSL Lines : Total 2.9 Millions (Phase-1 & Phase-2)
Network Elements involved in Broadband Multiplay Network.
PE Router
BNG- Redback Smartedge 8000 MSER
RPR Switches (T1/T2) UT Star 10GE/1GE
OCLAN- NSN/ZTE
DSLAMS-ZTE/NSN/UT
CPE
Hardware
- CPE  UTStarcom
- DSLAM UTStarcom
- RPR  UTStarcom
- OCLAN  ZTE
- BNG Redback / Ericsson
- Servers  SUN
- Miscellaneous Components
- Converters
- DSL Tester
- Desktop/Laptop
- UPS

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BROADBAND NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

NO
C
DRNO
RPOP
C
MPLS
CORE
L3PE

BN
G

RPR
T1

RPR T2 RING ON
10G
RPR RPR OCLAN

RPR
STB
STB

CPE
CPE DSLAM
DSLAM
IP
IP Phone
Phone

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Broadband Network component’s functions at a glance.

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Internet Leased Line: Secnario-1

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Internet Leased Line: Secnario-2

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Internet Leased Line: Secnario-3

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• Access layer:

• Access layer is the one which faces the customer side and all the access devices
such as DSLAM/OLT,CPE(MODEM/ONT/ONU), Set-Top box , etc. , gets
connected.

• Aggregation layer:

• As name depicts , this layer aggregates all the access traffic and pass it to the Core
or gateway.

• Core/Gateway:

• All the Aggregated traffic is assigned Qos/traffic policy and make its way to the
global internet via the gateway.

• Splitter

• The filter separates out the signal for telephone i.e. voice and data signals are
segregated and vice versa. High Pass and Low Pass Filter used at both ends, CPE
and ACCESS NE sides

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• CPE(Modem /ONT)

• The CPE directs the signal to PC and TV. Service Specific ATM PVC Values and
subscribers’ secrets are configured. Enable security features to avoid botnet and
Man in the Middle(MITM) attacks.

• DSLAM

• DSL Access Multiplexor or De-multiplexor.

• Supports PPP and ATM for xDSL services.

• Supports GE and FE connectivity for uplink, cascading, and other types of data
connectivity.

• Supports VLAN

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• OLT

• An optical line termination (OLT), also called an optical line terminal, is a

device which serves as the service provider endpoint of a passive optical network.

• Same functions are performed by OLT in fiber broadband as DSLAM performs in

copper broadband.

• OLT provides two main functions:

• To perform conversion between the electrical signals used by the service

provider's equipment and the fiber optic signals used by the passive optical
network.

• To coordinate the multiplexing between the conversion devices on the other end
of that network CPE (called either optical network terminals or optical network
units).

• Connectivity between CPE and Access Network Element for Broadband Service and
VPNoBB Services

• Every Subscriber port at access network element is logically configured with a

virtual identity known as Inner VLAN or Internet VLAN or Subscriber VLAN.
Over this VLAN ATM PVC Values are binded with assignment of bandwidth so
that logical session is established for broadband service.

• For VPNoBB services VPN VLANs are configured at these ports with their
specific ATM VPC values

• Connectivity between Access NE and Aggregation NE (Switch)

• Management VLAN configured at UPLINK Port

• Data Traffic flow between Access NE to Gateway/Core NE via Aggregation NE

• it is in form of outer VLAN or Q-in-Q VLAN. Access NEs Aggregate all the
VOICE,VIDEO, DATA traffic and Multiplexes into Composite Signal known as
Q-in-Q VLAN.

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• Resilient Packet Ring(RPR) Switch: UT StarNetRingh 10000R Switches

• The traffic from access devices and remote aggregation devices is aggregated in
RPR and forwarded to the Core Network.

• Resilience: Proactive span protection automatically avoids failed span within

50ms

• Ring Topology gives the scalable option of having more than 100 nodes in a ring.

• RPR has the ability to differentiate between low & high priority packets.

12 FE 12 FE

PWIN 24 GE

PWIN 24 GE
F
A I/O PPC PPC
N

CLK 10G 12 GE
RPR

10G BLANK
CLK
RPR

Con OAMP OAMP

sole

Introduction to RPR Cards

OAM :

The OAM(System Control Card) performs subrack operation, administration, and maintenance.
A NetRing 10000R subrack can be equipped with two OAM cards for 1+1 protection. The OAM
Cards are installed in Slot 13 & Slot 14.

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R64F01

The R64F01 is a 10G Resillent Packet Ring (RPR) Service Card. Each card provides a 10GE
optical port. Each subrack has two cards installed (oneEast and one West) to build a single RPR
ring, or four cards (two East and two West) to build a dual ring configuration. Generally these
cards are installed in Slot9 & Slot11.

RGEF02 Introduction:

The RGEF02 is a GE Resilent Packet Ring (RPR) Service Card. Each card provides a pair of GE
interface.

PPC Introduction:

The Packet Processing Card (PPC) is the NetRing 10000R centralized service switching card,
and two PPC cards can be equipped for 1+1 redundancy. The PPC cards are installed in Slot 7 or
8.

CGF12 Introduction:

The CGF12 is a 12-Port Gigabit Ethernet (GE) optical interface card. The CGF12 cards are
installed in Slot1, 2, 10 or 12.

CFM12 Introduction

The CFM12 is a 12-port Fast Ethernet optical interface card. The CFM12 cards are installed in
Slot 1,2,10 or 12.

CGF24 Introduction

The CGF24 is a 24-port Gigabit Ethernet (GE) optical interface card. A CGF24 card occupies
two slots in the NetRing 10000R subrack. The CGF24 cards are installed in Slot 3+4, 5+6, 9+10
or 11+12

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• Broadband Remote Access Server (B-RAS / BBRAS) or Broadband Network

Gateway (BNG)

• It routes traffic to and from broadband remote access devices DSLAMs /OLTs on
an Internet service provider's (ISP) network.

• It works as Multi Service Edge Router (MSER).

• Service specific logical mini routers are configured in BNG called context or
routing instances.

• BNG maps the traffic coming from access networks elements and forward to
uplink L3PE VLANs IP MPLS Network through corresponding service context.

• Provides layer 2 connectivity through either transparent bridging or PPP sessions

over Ethernet or ATM sessions

• Authentication, Authorization and accounting processes happen via radius servers

configured logically in BNG

• Enforces quality of service (Qos) policies.

• Provides layer 3 connectivity and routes IP traffic through an Internet service

provider’s backbone network to the Internet.

BNG

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Integration and connectivity of different data services to the broadband

network i.e. broadband multiplay network are as below.

• Internet Leased Line

• FTTH

• IPTV & C-Dot VoIP

• Wi-Max (Icomm & HCL) BTS & 3G RNC/Node-B

• IP Tax & DSPT

• NGN

• Wi-Fi Hotspots

• Etc.

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4. (ii) ROLE OF SERVERS IN BROADBAND NETWORK

• Servers Deployed In Multiplay Network
• Director
• SSSC (Subscriber Service Selection Center)/ NVPM (Net
Vertex Policy Manager)

• Radius Server: AAA (Authentication Accounting Authorization)

• Content Server /Portal
• SSSS (Subscriber Service Subscription Server)

• DNS (Domain Name Server)

• Netsweeper
• Directory Server
• LDAP

• EMS for
• BNG

• RPR

• Dslam

• Oclan

• Motive

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MULTIPLAY CALL FLOW

SSSC

Netsweeper Motive HDM

DNS
MB

Internet
Gateway Motive ACS

SSSS

Motive CSM

Management VLAN

Metasolve DB Metasolve

BNG eMS
RPR eMS OCLAN eMS DSLAM eMS

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Connectivity of different server for broadband network services

Depicting roles of SSSC, AAA and LDAP Servers for providing secured
broadband session

• CALL FLOW

• PPPOE client establish session with BNG and the BNG will assign
Session id

• BNG sends PPP CHAP challenge PPPoE client

• The PPPoE Client responds with PPP CHAP Response

• The BNG sends RADIUS Access-Request packet to SSSC Server

with the session’s PPP username and CHAP password along with all
the RADIUS attributes such as BNG Interface IP address, User Outer
VLAN & Inner VLAN, NAS port type etc.

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• The SSSC proxy RADIUS forwards Access-Request message to AAA

Server with a copy in its database.

• The AAA server receives the Access-Request packet and queries

LDAP for the specified username

• AAA server sends an Access-Accept packet else Access-Reject based

on the query response from LDAP

• For valid user, AAA server returns the Access-Accept packet with all
of the RADIUS attributes associated with the subscriber’s account in
LDAP to SSSC Server. The important RADIUS return parameters are
like Netop Policy Manager Service ID (part of SSSC), Static IP
address etc

• The SSSC server derives RADIUS parameters associated with NS

Service ID like BNG Context name, IP POOL, Uplink and Down link
speed policing policy name and sends to BNG along with RADIUS
return parameter sent by AAA

• The BNG place the subscriber session in the bsnl.in context and allots
the IP address to PPPoE client

• BNG convey this IP address along with DNS Primary & Secondary
address through PPP IPCP Configure Request message

• BNG applies uplink and down link policing policy based on

respective RADIUS return parameters on the subscriber circuit on the
BNG incoming interface

• On receipt of PPP IPCP Configure ACK from PPPoE Client, the BNG
sends RADIUS Accounting-Request (start) message to SSSC and a
copy to Netsweeper Policy Manager

• The SSSC saves a copy of RADIUS Accounting-Request message

and proxies to the AAA server

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• The AAA Server save the RADIUS Accounting message in its

database and converts it into CSV (comma separated value), which is
pulled by mediation server

• Case when internet traffic diverted through Netsweeper

• HTTP get URL packets moves from PC to BNG, BNG to MPLS PE

Router and form PE router to Netsweeper Enterprise Filter

• The NS EF sends the source IP address of the HTTP packet i.e.

PPPoE client IP address and HTTP URL to NS PS

• The NS PS based on PPPoE Client IP address find the subscriber NS

policy name and based on it checks its database whether the URL is
blocked or allowed

• If blocked, subscribe is diverted to deny page if not the HTTP packet

is forwarded back to MPLS PE router

• The MPLS PE router forwards this HTTP packet to IGW router

• When PPPoE Client is disconnected, the PPPoE client send PPPoE

Active Discovery Terminate message to BNG

• The BNG that receives the PADT sends RADIUS Accounting-

Request (Stop) message to SSSC server

• The SSSC server proxies the RADIUS Accounting-Request to AAA

server

• The BNG release PPP session resources of that particular user on

receipt of Accounting-Response message from SSSC server

Subscriber Service Selection Center (SSSC)

• SSSC has the intelligence for policy enforcement

• Integrated with BNG to enforce the policies

• Downloads the profile of users at the start of session through AAA

server

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• Integrated with SSSS for password change and redirection

• Sun Fire E6900 deployed for the SSSC applications

• All major servers are clustered

AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting)

• Server is a Remote Authentication Dial In User Service used for

Authentication, Authorization, Accounting. Communication between Radius
client and Radius server takes place in the form of packets. Request and
Response convention

• Attributes : Radius standard attributes and Vendor specific attributes

(VSA)

• Attributes are defined in dictionaries, which can be default or vendor

specific.

• UDP PORTS USED

• AUTHENTICATION

• [on udp port# 1812]

• Auth-Request

• Radius client Elite Radius server

• Auth-Response

• Elite Radius server Radius client

• ACCOUNTING

• [on udp port# 1813]

• Acct-Request

• acct-start

• acct-interim

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• acct-stop

• Shared secret is a case sensitive alphanumeric password which validates

communication between RADIUS Server and Radius Client or Network
Elements

• Shared secret must be configured identically on both ends of the

communication links

• User sends the password information to NAS during the PPP negotiations.
NAS then sends the same to Radius server through the authentication packet

• Supports two authentication protocols:

• PAP : Password Authentication Protocol

• CHAP : Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

Contents Server or Subscriber Self Service Subscription Server (SSSS)

• Subscriber can change the password from SSSS portal

• Error codes for password change

• Error Code -1000 : Authentication failure due to wrong

password
Error Code -1001 : Authentication failure due to wrong
username
Error Code -1002 : Authentication failure for all other
errors

• SSSS server is also used for threshold redirection

• Redirection profiles are defined in SSSC/BNG

• Redirection page is stored in SSSS

• SSSS portal communicates with local SSSC via API

• Once the API process hangs in SSSC, customers will face redirection
issues.

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• In such case SSSS will push a page to subscriber with error code 1003

• Error code can be due to network issues as well in the case of

redirection

• Upon clicking I AGREE Button for metered plan, threshold alert page
will be redirected to a happy browsing page

• Cutoff plans will be served by a redirection page without I AGREE

BUTTON. Upon reaching the threshold limit subscriber cannot
browse further.

DOMAIN NAME SERVER (DNS)

• Resolves URLS to IP

• Major backbone of the internet

• Makes network human friendly

• Public IP assigned to each DNS

• DNS cache server used in MULTIPLAY

• Resolves from cache if the entry available in DNS cache otherwise

fetch the details from one of the 13 root servers defined in named.ca
file

• for eg: d.root-servers.net is operated by the Office of

Information Technology at the University of Maryland in
College Park, MD

• ACLs defined in DNS blocks request from other service/ISPs

• URLs can be blocked in DNS

• Configuration file: /etc/named.conf

Nslookup will tell whether DNS is resolving the URL request to IP

• Command

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#nslookup

#server <server ip>

#www.google.com

Dig command will tell the resolution time

• Command

#dig www.google.com

Data Mediation
• A Data Mediation System collects Call Detail Records (CDR) from the
AAAs and do the required validation and format conversion.

• The output files are sent to the respective billing systems for rating purposes.

• A copy of the RAW CDRs are transparently sent to the data warehousing
system for further data analysis, if required by the Vigilance team.

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WHAT IS FUP TOP UP?

Introduction:
• Under the FUP – Fair Usage Policy, BSNL Broadband customers will get
the opted Higher speeds till they reach the FUP limit as per their plan. The
speed of the Broadband Customers under ULD (Unlimited with differential
speed) Plans, AUTOMATICALLY gets reduced once the usage crosses FUP
limits as per the respective Broadband ULD Plans.

• To help the customers to browse at the pre-FUP speed, and to generate

revenue for the organization a mechanism for SPEED RESTORATION has
been implemented from 9th September 2014 to Broadband customers under
ULD Plans. This will extend the FUP volume limits by TOPUP process to
the interested customers. With this, the customers can continue to browse
without reduction of speed till the enhanced FUP limits as per the opted top
up plan.

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OPTIONS FOR TOP UP MECHANISM

Following options are currently available for the customer to TOP UP

 AUTOMATIC METHOD: On reaching prescribed FUP download limits,

the customer will be AUTOMATICALLY re-directed to the TOP UP page.

 If the customer may not wish to TOP UP during the AUTOMATIC

redirection instance. To give them chance again to TOP UP again, an URL
http://172.30.3.130:80 has been designed.

 VIA SMS: Necessary publicity is being given through SMS to such

customers who have either missed / declined to TOP UP to use the above
mentioned URL to TOP UP again any time during the month.

 List of User_ids who have declined to TOP UP is being generated daily and
sent to zonal ITPCs and SMS is being generated to the particular customers
about this alternate method of TOP UP.

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4. (iii) LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN BROADBAND:MNG-PAN

INTRODUCTION
 The present Broadband network architecture was planned almost 10-12
years ago.

 The architecture was devised under Multiplay Tender. The network

deployed was ADSL technology in access for DSLAM and Resilient packet
ring in aggregation.

 The present network supports up to 20 Mbps speed. Practically speed only

up to 3-4 Mbps is possible as per present outdoor network conditions and
constraints of copper access network.

 The resilient packet rings support only 1G/10G Rings.

 Competitors are offering speeds 20 Mbps and above.

 BSNL deployed 174 BNGs of Ericsson make in year 2008 – 09.

 Each broadband network gateway had backplane capacity of 40 GB , and

concurrent customer handling capacity of 25 000 customers

 The RPR Network ,which is the aggregation network for BSNL Data
Traffic was also installed in 2008-2009 across 900 cities

 The aggregation network had capacity of 10 GB in A1, A2, and B1 cities

and 1 GB in B2 and C type of cities.

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Data growth rate in BSNL

Source: bsnl CO training doc

Network Growth Planned

Type of Router 2018-19 2019-21

Core Routers 51 100+

Edge Routers 446 900+

IGW Locations 11 12

PoPs 206 706

Interfaces 2.5/10G 2.5/10/100G

BNG 178 238

RPR 1100 Replacement by MNG

PAN 100 G Rings

Source: bsnl CO training doc

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Overview of different BSNL Projects and their present status

Following are the latest development in the area of broadband except MNG-PAN
Project to enhance capability & capacity of broadband network and to ensure
proper QoS in the broadband network.

BNG and RPOP Project

Supply, Installation, Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance of 238 No

of Broadband Network Gateway and associated subscriber Policy Manager
& Authentication platform on turnkey basis
Estimated Capex- 178 Crore, Estimated Opex- 92 Crore (include 7 Year
AMC).
Replacement & Augmentation of existing end of life BNG & RPOP at 174
location and Addition of 64 locations with High capacity boxes of 1.5 TB
capacity with the new BNGs , customer handling capacity will increase to
concurrent 64,000 concurrent with minimum Data speed of 100 MB

CGNAT PROJECT

Supply, Installation, Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance of the

carrier grade network translation equipement on urnkey basis
Due to shortage of IPV4 addresses in the BSNL network Installation of
CGNAT equipment will help in meeting the shortage of IPV4 addresses
required for further growth of Data Network. This will enhance the capacity
of existing IPV4 resources (51 lakh) by 8 times .The capacity enhancement
shall result in rolling out new services.

VDSL-GPON MSAN PROJECT

Supply, Installation, Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance of the

5600 no of Multi-service access node supporting vectoring and FTTH
technology on turnkey basis to provide 8 lakh connections
Deployment of Multi service access Nodes with Vectoring (Data & Voice
Services) and FTTH in Exchanges and nearer to the customer premises like
gated society, shopping complex, BTS sites etc. It shall enable to help in
giving high speed BB Connections on copper and FTTH both, providing

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umbrella coverage. These MSANs shall be connected through

GE/10GE/GPON interfaces and must be able to guarantee triple play
services to all the customers

Wi-Fi PROJECT:

Supply, Installation, Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance of the

5600 no of Multi-service access node supporting vectoring and FTTH
technology on turnkey basis to provide 8 lakh connections
Deployment of Multi service access Nodes with Vectoring (Data & Voice
Services) and FTTH in Exchanges and nearer to the customer premises like
gated society, shopping complex, BTS sites etc. It shall enable to help in
giving high speed BB Connections on copper and FTTH both, providing
umbrella coverage. These MSANs shall be connected through
GE/10GE/GPON interfaces and must be able to guarantee triple play
services to all the customers

WiFi Projects

FTTH Channel Partners

Consolidation of P3 and CDR Platform

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MNG-PAN AGREGATION PROJECT

MPLS-TP (Multiprotocol Label Switching - Transport Profile) based Next

Generation Packet Aggregation Network (MNG-PAN) Switches (High
Capacity). COAU: Central Office Aggregation Unit Switch for connecting
to BNG or to MPLS routers in place of RPR T1, Netring 10000R Switches.
Aggregation Network Up-gradation from RPR technology (10 G and 1G) to
latest MNG PAN Technology with 100 G Rings in all cities. Presently
average BB speed in BSNL Network is 2-3 Gbps. With the Installation of
this technology in BB Network BSNL shall be able to offer 50 GBPS speed
to every customer.
Through this project, in 77 cities, RPR rings have been replaced by 20 GB
MNG PAN Rings. Further all the RPR Rings are planned to be upgraded to
100 GB Rings to carry high data traffic expected from FTTH/NOFN.
It features guaranteed QoS mechanism, carrier-class reliability, a complete
set of service processing capabilities, convenient and flexible service
configuration and management, and high-precision time synchronization,
meeting the requirements of data services and wireless access network
services for the network equipment.
Taking the unified switching as the core, with its equipment CiTRANS 650
and 660 provides access of services such as Ethernet and TDM services,
meeting full-service access requirements of operators.
Based on and compatible with MPLS-TP technology, the MNG PAN is
aiming for carrying comprehensive services.

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Advantage of MNG PAN over RPR technology

a. RPR whole /Ring support 4k VLAN whereas each port in MNG-PAN

supports 4K VLANs. These 4K VLANs can be repeated on each port.

b. More no of elements can be connected and more no of services can be

provided.

c. In RPR supports only ring topology is possible but MPLS TP supports ring
/mesh/Point to point topology.

d. RPR is very old technology and out of support.

e. RPR supports only up to 10 GE but MNG-PAN can support 100G/400 GE.

f. MNG –PAN can provide TDM/Ethernet Service also and it is SDN

Compatible.

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Typical Architecture of MNG-PAN

PAN COAU: Packet Aggregation Network – Central Office Aggregation Unit i.e.
CiTRANS 660

PAN switch： Packet Aggregation Network switch i.e. CiTRANS 660

3. OC PAN：Other City Packet Aggregation Network switch i.e. CiTRANS 650 U3

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The normal temperature range (-30℃ to 55℃) and humidity of 90% in

CiTRANS660 for its proper working condition.

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Card configuration and Capability of different cards in CiTRAN 660 deployed as PAN
COAU

As per initial procurement Ports Capacity for PAN COAU Switch:

No. of 10GE Ports: 8,

No. of GE Ports: 60,

No. of FE Ports: 24

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Card configuration and Capability of different cards in CiTRAN 660 deployed as PAN

As per initial procurement Ports Capacity for PAN Switch

No. of 10GE Ports: 4

No. of GE Ports: 60

No. of FE Ports: 24

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Slots layout with cards in CiTRAN 660

*Slots in grey colour are fixed for fixed type of card type and needed for keeping
CiTRAN 660 operational & functional.

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Position and capacity of cards in different slots of CiTRAN660

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The normal temperature range is (-5℃ to 45℃) and humidity of 95% in

CiTRANS650 for its proper working condition.

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Card configuration and Capability of different cards in CiTRAN 650 deployed as OCPAN

As per initial procurement Ports Capacity for OC PAN Switch

No. of 10GE Ports: 02

No. of GE Ports: 32

No. of FE Ports: 16

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Slots layout with cards in CiTRAN 650

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Position and capacity of cards in different slots of CiTRAN660

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Conclusion

• Out of many slow speed reasons in our broadband Multiplay Network one
reason is bottleneck at present aggregation network layer due to…

– Heavy traffic from Access Network Layer (Cascaded DSLAMs,

BSNL OLTEs, Third Party OLTEs, RNC Node-B, WiFi Hotspots,
ILLs etc.) to Aggregation Network .

– Heavy Traffic of OCLANs, Cascaded OCLANs and its connected

access network layer NEs’ Traffic aggregating to RPR.

• Sometime unstable working condition of RPRs, whenever unstable working

issue of any RPR switch start occurring it takes so much time and high skill
is required to resolve such issues.

• Intermittent improper functioning of connected access network elements to

aggregation network layer.

The upgardation of aggregation network to MNG-PAN will surely enhance the

capacity and capability of broadband network & overcome slow speed issues and
able to provide excellent QoS not only to Broadband subscribers but also to other
type of subscribers like VPN, ILL WiFi Hotspots subs & etc.

*******************END********************

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