Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 1

Roll:……………………
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Necessary Equations

Relativity: Photoelectric Effect:

2
v
1. L= LO 1-  
c
tO
2. t=
2
v
1-  
c
mO
3. m= 1
v
2 9. E = wo + mv2
1-   2
c 1
or, hυ = hυo + mv 2
4. Potential Energy, Ep = m0 c2 2
5. Kinetic energy, Ek = (m-m0) c2 c c 1
or, h = h + mv 2
λ λo 2
6. Total Energy or mass energy relation E= EP 1
+Ek = mc2 10. eV = mv 2
2
7. Lorentz’s transformation Equation, hυ h
11. Momentum of photon: P= =
x - vt c λ
i. x =
v
2 Compton Effect:
1-  
c
ii. y = y
iii. z = z
t - vx/c 2
iv. t =
2
v
1-  
c
8. Inverse Lorentz’s transformation Equation,
h
i. x=
x + vt  12. /-  = 1-cosθ 
2 m0 c
v
1-   13. h + m0c2 = h/ + m02c 4 + p 2c 2
c
ii. y = y
iii. z = z Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle:

t  + vx/c2
h
iv. t= x.p  . Where h is the Planck’s constant and
2 4
v
1-   h
c   , which is called reduced Planck’s constant
2

The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 2
Roll:……………………
Nurul Amin, Assistant professor in Physics.
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818-449715

/// Basic Idea Based on Text Book 

1. Explain Relativity. frame of reference. But Newton's laws of motion
Ans: “Time is mathematical, time is eternal”, don't work in a reference frame when its velocity
Einstein did not agree with this idea of Newton. increases or decreases or when it rotates around a
Time, mass and space are not absolute. Each of circular path. This type of reference frame is called
them is considered relative to something. This is a non-inertial frame of reference.
called relativity.
Einstein presented two theories of relativity. 7. Explain Michelson-Morley Experiment.
These are— Ans: The speed of a body with respect to other will
1. The special theory of relativity be its absolute speed. Different experiments were
2. The general theory of relativity done to determine this speed, Michelson and
Morley's experiment is significant among them.
2. Explain the special theory of relativity.
Ans: In 1905, Einstein presented special theory of The Earth is moving from the west to the east. So
relativity. According to this law place, time and aether's motion with respect to the Earth will be
mass are not absolute, they are relative. They may from the east to west. But since Earth doesn't have
change with respect to the motion of the observer. a motion in the north-south direction so aether
Relativity of mass and conversion of mass and won't have any motion in that direction. light will
energy are two important discovery of this theory. be affected by this speed of aether and it won't be
equal in the east-west and north-south. Michelson
3. Explain the general theory of relativity. In 1915, and Morley used sensitive apparatus to examine
Einstein presented general theory of relativity. This the difference in speed of light. The main objective
theory focuses on the motion of an object under of their experiment was to determine the speed of
Earth with respect to aether from this difference.
observation with respect to the acceleration of the
From the result of the Michelson-Morley
observer. This theory also explains the puzzling
experiment, it is proved that, no matter how and
events due to gravitation and nature of the where the light ray is sent, its speed remains
universe. constant. Therefore, it can be said that the frame of
reference doesn't affect the speed of light. This is
4. What is frame of reference? the origin of the theory of relativity.
Ans: The co-ordinate system in respect of which
the position of a body can be determined is called 8. Galilean Transformation:
frame of reference. A position of a point will be different with respect to
two different frames of reference. Sometimes we
5. Basic postulates of Special theory of relativity. have to determine the relation of the measurement
Ans: 1. The laws of physics remain same in all of one frame of reference with the measurement of
inertial frames of reference. another frame of reference. This is called the law of
2. The speed of light remains same in vacuum in transformation. Galileo established a relation
all inertial frames of reference. between two frames of reference moving at
constant velocity with respect to each other, this is
6. Explain inertial frame of reference & non- called Galilean Transformation.
inertial frame of reference. (1) All the equations of Newtonian mechanics
Ans: The frame of reference in which Newton's remain unchanged in the Galilean transformation
laws of motion can be applied is called the inertial
The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 3
Roll:……………………
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Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818-449715
but the laws of electromagnetic theory do not From the equation it is seen that, L  Lo i.e.
remain unchanged. moving length of an object is less than the rest
(2) Galilean transformation expresses the relation length.
between space and time of the relative moving
frames associated with the postulates of special 11. Time Dilation: The time interval of an event of a
theory of relativity. moving frame will be dilated than the same interval
of time observed in a stationary frame of reference.
Galilean transformation defies both of the postulates of This is called time dilation.
Einstein. According to the first postulate, all laws of
tO
physics can be expressed using the same kind of t=
equation in frame S and S'. But if the measured v2 ,
records of one frame is expressed in the other frame 1- 2
c
then the fundamental equations of electronics and Where t is the time interval measured by an
magnetics will gain entirely different forms.
observer in stationary frame. to is the time interval
Again, according to the second postulate, the speed of
light in a vacuum will be same in both frame S and S'. measured by an observer in moving frame.
But according to Galilean transformation not same. From the equation it is seen that, t  to, So moving
time of an object is greater than the rest time i.e. a
9. Lorentz Transformation: moving clock ticks more slowly than a clock at rest.
The speed of light doesn't depend on the speed of
observer according to the second postulate of 12. Relativity of mass: Mass of a body increases with
Einstein established over the result of Michelson velocity. This is called relativity of mass.
and Morley's experiment. But according to Galilean mO
m=
transformation, the speed of light depends on the v2
1- 2
speed of the observer. So, such transformation is c
required that is consistent with Einstein's postulate Where mo is the rest mass of an object.
and supports Galilean transformation in a special M is the moving mass of an object.
case as well. Holland's famous physicist Hendrik A.
Lorentz proved some transformation equations From the equation it is seen that, m  mo, So
from electromagnetic theory which are equally moving mass of an object is greater than the rest
applicable for all inertial frames of reference. These mass.
are known as Lorentz transformation. Einstein
found what he was searching from Lorentz 13. Compton Effect: When X-ray (photon) is scattered
transformation. by light element (rest electro) there is a change in
wave length. Wavelength depends on the
scattering angle. The effect is known as Compton
10. What is Length contraction: The length of a Effect.
moving object will be appeared to contract to a A photon of X-ray collides with the rest electron.
stationary observer. This effect is known as the Due to collision electron gains a limited amount of
length contraction. energy which is lost by photon. As a result the
2
v amount of energy of scattered photon becomes
L= LO 1- 2 , Where Lo is the rest length of
c less. That means, the wavelength of scattered
object, L is the moving length of the object. photon will be more than the wavelength of incident
photon.

The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 4
Roll:……………………
Nurul Amin, Assistant professor in Physics.
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818-449715

h
Let after collision photon is scattered at an angle  Then, x.p  . Where h is the Planck’s
4
with respect to its initial direction. The electron h
recoils at an angle  with respect to the initial constant and   , which is called reduced
2
direction of photon. Planck’s constant.
/
If  is the wave length of incident photon and  is
the wave length of scattered photon then change of 15. Stefan's Law of black body Radiation:
wave length, Jossef Stefan gave a law related to the radiation of
h black body in 1879.. The law is, "The energy radiated per
 /-  = 1-cosθ  second by unit area of a black body is proportional to
m0c
the fourth power of its absolute temperature".
If "E" energy radiates per second by per unit area of a
black body with "T" absolute temperature then according
to Stefan's law-
E  T4
or, E = σT 4
σ is called Stefan's constant. The value of this constant is
5.7 x 10 - 8 W m- 2 K - 4.
For A surface area,
Again, The energy of incident photon is h
E = AσT 4
The energy of rest electron is m0c2
So, total energy before collision = h + m0c2--------- 16. Planck's black body radiation:
--------(i) An ideal black body can absorb heat energy of all
The energy of scattered photon is h / wavelengths and can emit energy of all wavelengths.
In graph it has been shown the radiant energy versus
The energy of moving electron is m02c 4  p 2c 2 wavelength for three different temperatures.
/
So, total energy after collision = h +
m02c 4  p 2c 2 -----------------(i)

According to the law of conservation of energy,

h + m0c2 = h/ + m02c4 + p 2c2 ------------------(iii)

Class Work: X-ray photon of wave length

0
0.300 A is scattered by electron making 600 with
the initial direction. It is seen from the graph that
(i) Radiant energy increases with the increase of
a. Calculate the wavelength of scattered
0
temperature.
photon.[0.31212 A ] (ii) The wavelength corresponding to the maximum
radiant energy decreases with the increase of
14. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: If the temperature.
At low temperature as wavelengths of all heat
uncertainty of position of a particle x and
radiation remain in infrared region. As the
uncertainty of momentum is p, temperature of a body increases so light of red
colour slowly changes to white colour.
The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 5
Roll:……………………
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hc
or, λ min =
By Wein's energy distribution law, the energy eV
radiation of low wavelengths can be explained 19. Properties of X-ray:
satisfactorily. Again, by the Rayleigh and Jeans (1) Travel in straight line.
energy distribution of higher wavelengths can be (2) X-rays are invisible.
explained. But a black body radiates all wavelengths. (3) Electromagnetic transverse wave.
In order to explain energy distribution of all range (4) Its wavelength is much smaller.
scientist Planck established a theory. This theory of (5) X-rays travel with the speed of light
Planck is called quantum theory or photon theory. (6) Penetrating power is extremely high.
(7) It has effect on the photographic plate.
17. Planck’s quantum theory: Radiation from a body or (8) It creates fluorescence.
exchange of energy between different bodies do not (9) These rays are not deflected by electric and
take place continuously. Emission or absorption of magnetic fields. So, there is no charge in it.
energy occurs discontinuously and discretely, always (10) They ionise gas when they travel through it.
at integral multiples of small unit of energy or packet or (11) X-rays show photoelectric effect.
bundle of energy which is called quantum or photon. (12) Like ordinary light reflection, refraction,
The energy of photon is, interference, diffraction and polarisation occur .
E=h (13) Can destroy living cells.
14) The characteristics of genes of living cells are
18. X-ray : When high speed electrons strike on a changed by their etfect.
(15) The intensity of X-rays 'obeys the inverse law
target they loss kinetic energy and a radiation
(charge less but has ionising power) is produced
20. De Brogue wave: Dualism property of a particle is
which is called x-ray.
associated such that when particle propagates it
X-Ray is two types:
0 0
behaves like a wave and during interaction it
i) Soft X- ray, wavelength range, 0.01A to 10 A behaves like a particle.
ii) Hard X- ray, wavelength range.
NEED TO EDIT
21. Photoelectric effect: Emission of electrons from a
metal surface due to the incident of light is called
photoelectric emission and the process is called
photoelectric effect. produced current is called
If the charge of an electron is 'e' and the potential photo-electric current.
difference between anode and cathode is 'V'
then the kinetic energy of the electron will be eV.
When it will strike to target T (cathode) then
a portion of this kinetic energy will is transferred heat
energy (H) and rest amount of energy (h) comes out
as x-ray.
So , eV= H + hυ
The frequency of x-ray will be maximum if H = 0. In 1 1
E= w o +mv2 or, hυ = hυo + mv 2
that case, 2 2
eV= hυ max c c 1
or, h = h + mv 2
c λ λo 2
or, eV= h
λ min
The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 6
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22. Threshold frequency: In case of emission of than that of work function or wave length of
photoelectrons there is a minimum frequency of incident photon is less than that of work
photon is needed to release the electron which is function]
called the threshold frequency.
24. Stopping potential: If positive potential is applied
to cathode C and negative potential is applied to
anode A then flow of current will gradually

23. Work function: The amount of energy needed to

emit electron from the attraction of the nucleus of decrease and at sometimes it will be stopped. This
the emitter (metal) is called the photoelectric work potential for which the flow of current is stopped is
function. called stopping potential.
[Note: Electron will emit from a substance if the
energy or frequency of incident photon is more

Creative question:
1. The mass and length of a rocket on the earth at rest tO
are 5000kg and 10m respectively. It was moving with Ans: We know, t = 2
v
the velocity 1.5 108 ms-1. Neela and Seela are twin. At 1-  
c
the age of 18 years Neela went to visit space with the
Here, the rest time, t = (28-18)years = 10 years
rocket and when she returned back seela claimed her
age 28 years. tO
Now, 10 =
2
a. Calculate the length of the rocket in moving condition.  1.5 108 
2
1-  8 
v  3 10 
[ Ans: Use, L= LO 1 -   ,L = 8.66m]
c tO
Or, 10 =
b. When the length of the rocket will be zero? 1 -  0.5
2

[Ans:v= c= 3x108 ms-1]

to= 8.66 years
c. What type of change will come in mass of the rocket if The age of neela will be, (18+ 8.66) years = 26.66 years.
the velocity is made double?[ Ans: use, f. What will be the speed the rocket so that total energy will
be 1.5 times of rest energy?
mO
m= , Ans: E = 1.5 E0
2
v Or, mc2 = 1.5 m0c2
1-  
c Or, m = 1.5 m0
[Ans: m = infinity] mO
Or, = 1.5 m0
d. What type of change will come in kinetic energy and 2
v
relativistic kinetic energy of the object? 1-  
[Ans: Ek = ½ mv2= 5.625x1019J, c
Kinetic energy, Ek = (m-m0) c2 = 6.96x1019J ] 1
Or, = 1.5
2
e. Will the age of Neela be 28 years when she returns back v
from space? 1-  
c
Or, v = 2.24 x 108 ms-1

The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 7
Roll:……………………
Nurul Amin, Assistant professor in Physics.
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818-449715
2. Moving length and moving mass of a fighter plane is because of the moving frame of reference along the
180m and 18000 kg respectively. The fighter plane is length of the object.[Cu.B-21]
moving at a speed of 1.8×108 ms-1 with respect to a a. What is inertial frame of reference?
stationary observer.[D.B-21] b. No particle with a rest mass can move at a speed
a. What is wave front? equal to the speed of light—Explain. 1
b. If it would be possible to move a substance at a c. Determine the speed of the moving frame of
velocity more than light what change in mass would reference.[Ans: 2.6×108 ms-1]
occur—Explain. d. Will the density of the object be the same for Belley
2
c. Determine length of the fighter plane when it is in and Shelley? Analyse mathematically and give your
rest. [Ans: 225m] opinion.
d. Whether the mass of the fighter plane in the stem will [Ans: 3.2 kgm-3, 12.8 kgm-3]
be twice of its rest mass if its velocity is halved.—
Explain with mathematical analysis. 4
[Ans: 1.0483 times] 4. Two friends Rahim and Raihan was born in the year
1980. The school where they were the students was
established in the year 1950. At the age of 30 years
3. An astronaut at the age of 30 years went to investigate Raihan started journey to visit the space with a
the new planet by a rocket. The rocket was moving with spacecraft of length 90 m with velocity 0.8 c, according
such velocity that the moving length of the rocket will be to Raihans calculation he returns back after 23 years to
observed half of it's stationery length. After investigation join a program of 100 years completion of his
astronaut return 30 years later according to the calendar school.[Ctg.B-21]
in rocket.[R.B-21] a. What is called interference?
a. What is time dilation? b. Can it be ever convert non-inertial reference frame
1 to
b. Galilean transformation does not support the inertial reference frame? Explain it.
Einstein’s postulates—Explain. c. What could be the length of the spacecraft seems
2 to
c. Determine the velocity of the rocket. Rahim? [Ans: 54m] 3
[Ans: 2.6×108 ms-1] d. Will Rahim be able to join the program at his school?
d. Under special theory of relativity after return to the Give your opinion with mathematical analysis.
earth will the age of the astronaut be same according [Ans: 68.33 y, 2048.33, able]
to the calendar of the earth? Comment with
mathematical analysis. 4
[Ans: 60 y, 90 y, Not same] Ratul and Pritom are twin of age 18 years. Ratul started
his journey by a spaceship of length 200 m with 90%
speed of light. At the time of his journey Ratul said to
4. An animal is sent to a planet 250 light years away from Pritom, I will return to the earth as your younger brother
earth by a rocket moving with velocity 0.6 C mass and and then my age will be 25 and your age will be 40
age of the animal is 20 kg and 60 years respectively. The years. [B.B-21]
average life span for that animal is 100 years. (1 light a. What is inertial reference frame?
years = 9.4  1015 m) [J.B-21] b. Nobody can move with a speed greater than the
a. What is inertial frame of reference? speed of light—Explain. 1
b. Explain why an object coherent achieve the speed of c. Calculate the length of the spaceship with respect to
light. the earth. [Ans:87.18 m] 2
c. Calculate the mass of the animal measured on the d. According to stem, justify the statement of Ratul.
rocket based on earth surface. 3 [Ans: 25] [Ans: 27.6y, not valid]
d. Mathematically verify the possibility of reaching to the
planet alive by the animal. [Ans: 391.2 y]
An astronaut, at the age of 25 years, went to investigate
5. Belley measure a rectangular solid object with a length of the outer space in a spaceship with velocity 2.4  108
50 cm, width of 25 cm & height of 25 cm of mass of 100 ms-1 then he returns back. Men in the earth seen him 75
gm. On the other hand, it looks like a cube to Shelley years old.[Syl.B-21]

The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 8
Roll:……………………
Nurul Amin, Assistant professor in Physics.
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818-449715
a. What do you mean by inertial reference frame? d. Among the three researchers whose age will be
1 more
b. Explain Galilean transformation. after returning the 2nd and 3rd researchers2 to the
c. Determine the age of this astronaut. [Ans: 55 y] earth? Give mathematical opinion.
d. If the astronaut wants to celebrate his 50th birthday in [Ans: 60 y, 58 y, 66 y]
earth then how fast should he be? [Ans: 2.6×108 ms-1]

A football field is 400 m long and 200 m wide. An 0

astronaut crossed the length of the field in a spacecraft 6. Incident photon of wave length 4400 A after collision
of weight 1000 kg at a speed of 0.86 c. with a rest electron scattered at an angle 600 then
a. What is called Galilean transformation? strike on the surface of a metal. Work function 1of the
b. Find the difference between inertial reference frame metal is 2.5eV.[D.B-2019]
and non-inertial reference frame. d. Which kinetic energy will be more between photo2
c. Determine the apparent mass of the spacecraft. electron and scattered electron?
[Ans: 1959. 655 kg] Ans: Wave length of scattered photon,
d. ''The area of the field determined by the astronaut is h
λ= 1-cosθ  + λ or, λ= 4400.012110-10 m
not equal to the actual area.'' Justify with moc
mathematical analysis. So the energy of scattered photon, 4
[Ans: 8×104 m2, 4.08×104 m2 ] hc
E= = 4.5204×10-19 J = 2.8253eV
λ 
6. An astronaut is going to visit an imaginary planet along In case of Compton Effect,
the diameter with a velocity 1.8  108 ms-1 to observe Energy of scattered electron = Energy of incident photon-
the density of the planet. The stationary mass of the Energy of scattered photon
planet is 7.4  1028 kg and diameter is 14200 km. [M.B- Or, Ec = E - E
21] = 2.83 eV – 2.8253 eV
a. What is called relativity of mass? = 4.710-3 eV 1
b. Will the length of a moving object could be zero? Again, In case of photoelectric Effect,
Explain it. Kinetic energy of photo electron, 2
c. What will be the mass of planet to the observer in Ek= Energy of incident photon- Work function.
motion? Calculate it. [Ans: 9.25×1028 kg] = E - WO
d. What will be the change of density of the planet to the = 2.8253 eV – 2.5eV
astronaut? Explain mathematically. = 0.3252 eV 4
[Ans: 49.333×106 kgm-3, 120.5055×106 kgm-3] = 325.210-3 eV
7. The age of three researchers of a research centre are 30 Energy of scattered electron is 4.710-3 eV and Kinetic
years. 40 years and 42 years respectively. The 2nd and energy of photo electron is 325.210-3 eV.
3rd researchers went to the milkey way to investigate by So, the kinetic energy of photo electron is more.
spaceship with the speed of 2.4  108 ms-1 and 1.8 
108 ms-1 respectively and returned to the earth after 30
years according to the calendar of the earth by 7. The experiment of photoelectron emission from a
completing the research. The length of the spaceship is metal of work function 2.3eV is done by using the
100 m. [M.B-21] light of wavelength 410-7m and 7.810-7m. [R.B-2019]
a. Write the first postulate of special theory of relativity. c. Calculate the threshold frequency of the metal.1
b. Can the Lorentz transformation and Galilean [Ans: w0= ho, o= 5.551014Hz]
transformation be the same? Explain in. d. Will the photo electric effect take place using two2
c. Calculate the length of the spaceship in motion with lights? Explain mathematically.
respect to the 2nd researcher. [ Ans: w1= 3.11eV, w2 =1.59eV, photo electric effect3 will
[Ans: 60 m] not take place using second lights ]

The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 9
Roll:……………………
Nurul Amin, Assistant professor in Physics.
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818-449715
[Ans: f1 = 7.51014Hz, f2 = 3.8510 Hz which is less than
14 the photo electric effect. The kinetic energy of
o= 5.551014Hz, so photo electric effect will take place released electron is 1.4 eV. She also accelerated an
for first light only] rest electron applying 10KV potential
difference.[B.B-2016]
c. Calculate the wavelength of light of incidence light.
8. The work function of two metal plates A and B are
2.1 eV and 2eV which are shown in figure.[J.B-2019] [ E= hc/, =3.65x10-7m]
d. In which case more kinetic energy was obtained?
[ V1= 701.65103ms-1, eV= ½ mv22, V2= 59.3 106 ms-1]

12. Mr. Hasan calculated the density of an object of

c. Calculate the threshold frequency of metal B.
length1m in physics laboratory and it was 19.3103
[Ans: w0= ho, o= 4.831014Hz] kgm-3, On the other hand Paboni calculated the
d. Will the photo electric effect take place from two plates? density of the object from a moving frame of
Explain mathematically. reference which velocity was 0.9c. [S. B-2016]
[Ans: EA = 1.83eV which is less than the work function
wo= 2.1eV again EB = 2.26 which is more than the work c. Calculate the length of the object in moving frame of
function wo= 2eV, so photo electric effect will take place reference. [Ans: 0.435m]
from B plates only] d. Will Paboni get same density? Explain mathematically.
[Ans: 101.78103kgm-3]
9. Your friend passes to you by an imaginary high
speed car with the velocity 0.76c. The length of the mO
Ans: m =
car appear to you 5.80m.[Ctg. B -2019] v2
1-
c. What will be the length of the car at rest? [Ans:8.924m c2
] ρO v0 ρO AL0
d. What will be the passing time by the clock of your or,ρv = or, ρAL=
v2 v2
friend if the passing time by your clock is 20 sec? [Ans: 1- 1-
12.998 sec] c2 c2
ρO L 0 19.3×103 ×1
or, ρL= or,ρ =
10. The velocity of two electrons are 0.9c and 0.99c v2  0.9c 
2

c. Calculate the moving mass of second electron. 1- 2 0.435 1-  

c  c 
Ans: 6.45110 -30 kg
19.3×103×1 19.3×103 ×1
d. The relativistic kinetic energy of which electron will be or,ρ = or,ρ =
2
more? 0.435 1-  0.9  0.435 0.19
Ans: Ek2 = 4.7Ek1 or,ρ  101.79 103 kgm-3
11. Light of suitable frequency was incident on metallic
surface of work function 2 eV by Mithila to observe
Multiple choice questions:
1. What amount of energy will be produced from an object of mass 10kg? [J.B-19]
a. 3 10 9 J b. 4.510 3 J c. 910 17 J d. 3 10 8 J
2. What will be the total energy in joule when 1gm mass is totally converted to energy? [B.B-19]
a. 0.001c2 b. 0.01c2 c. 0.1c2 d. 1c2
3. E T4 , Who gave the relation?
a. Stefen b. plank c. Maxwell d. Win [All .B-18]
4. What will be the speed of a rocket so that the length will be 1/4 of initial length? [All .B-18]
The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 10
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a. 3 10 8 ms-1 b. 2.94 10 8 ms-1 c. 2.90 10 8 ms-1 d. 2.5 10 8 ms-1
5. What will be the maximum kinetic energy of an emitted electron if a photon of energy 3eV incident
on a metallic surface of work function 1.5 eV? [C0.B-17]
a. 0.5 eV b. 1.5 eV c. 2eV d. 4.5 eV
6. mo represents the rest mass of an object and m represents the moving mass of the object. If the
kinetic energy of the object is three times of rest energy then which one of the following is
correct?[Syl.B-17, Use E =3E0]
a. m= 9m0 b. m= 4m0 c. m= 3m0 d. m= 1.5m0

7. Which graph of the following represents the relation the relation between energy and wavelength of
a photon? [R.B-17]

[Ans: d.]
8. Which of the following has no mass?[R.B-17]
a. Electron b. Photon c. masson d. proton
9. Compton wavelength becomes maximum when angle of scattered photon becomes –[Syl.B-17]
a. 00 b. 450 c. 900 d. 1800
10. What is the equation of De Brogue wave length?[D.B-16, B.B-17]
E h h h
a. λ= b. λ= c. λ= d. λ=
P P m0c m0 c2
11. The equivalent energy of mass 1 amu is- [D.B-17]
a. 1.4910-10 eV b. 3108 eV c. 9108 eV d. 9.34108 eV
12. The photoelectric effect takes place only when the wavelength of incident light is—
a. above threshold wavelength b. below threshold wavelength
c. any wavelength d. equal to threshold wavelength
13. Which theory of light does support the photoelectric effect?
a. wave theory b. electromagnetic theory
c. corpuscular theory d. quantum theory
14. The work function of a metal is h0. The photoelectron emits only when the frequency  of the
incident light is—
a.  > 0 b.  <0 c. 0 > 3 d)  > 0/2
15. The energy corresponding to a wavelength  is-
a. /hc b. h/c c. c / d. hc /
16. Momentum of each photon is-
a. /h b. h/ c. h /2 d. h /c
17. X-ray beam can be deflected-

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a. by an electric field b. by a magnetic field
c. by an electric field as well as by a magnetic field
d. neither by an electric field nor by a magnetic field.
18. For harder X-rays-
a. the frequency is higher b. the wavelength is higher
c. the intensity is higher d. the frequency is lower
19. Planck’s constant has the same dimensions as
a. Force  distance b. Force  speed
c. Force time d. Force  distance  time
20. If the wavelength of X-ray beam is 2 nm, its frequency is-
a. 1.51017 Hz b. 1.5108 Hz c. 15 Hz d. 1.5  1018 Hz

21. Cathode rays are stream of-

a. electrons b. protons c. positive ions d. photons
22. Electric conduction takes place in the discharge tube due to the movement of
a. electrons b. protons c. positive ions d. negative ions
8
23. If the frequency of a photon is 10 Hz. The energy of the photon is
a. 6.63 10-26J b. 6.63  10-27 c. 6.63 1042J d. 663 10-42J
24. 1 eV equals to how many joules?
a. 6.7 10-34 J b. 1.9  10- 31 J c. 1.6 10-31 J d. 1.610-19J
25. If the threshold wavelength of sodium is 6800A0, what will be its work function?
a 1.83 eV b. 1.92 eV c. 1.96 eV d. 2.6 eV
26. The work function of a metal is h0. If a light of frequency of  is incident upon it, then photoelectric
effect will take place if-
a.   0 b.   20 c.  < 0 d.  < 0/2
27. Unit of X-ray is-
a. Becquerel b. Newton c. Röntgen d. Volt
28. The relation between velocity of electron and the potential difference-
eV 2eV eV 2 1
a.   b. v  c.   d. v  mv 2
m m m 2
29. An aircraft moved along the length (100 m) of a square with a speed 0.9.C. What will be the area
measured by an observer stayed at the aircraft? [DB ‘19]
a. 43.59 m2 b. 229.42 m2 c. 4359 m2 d. 22942 m2

30. Which graph Is correct according to De-Broglie hypothesis? [DB '19]

a.

b.

c.

d.

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Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 12
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31. “Energy also have particle nature” the conception has been given by at first —. [RB 19]
a. Max plank b. Newton c. Einstein d. De Brogue
32. What will be the amount of energy produce from the 10 kg mass? [JB '19]
a. 4.5  1016 J b. 9  1016 J c. 4.5  1017 J d. 9  1017 J

33. In the case of photo electron emission —. [JB '19]

i. The threshold frequency is smaller than the frequency of the incident photon
ii. The energy of incident photon is gather than the work function
iii. The wavelength of the incident photon is greater than the threshold wavelength
Which one is correct?
a. i & ii b. i & iii c. ii & iii d. i, ii & iii
34. In photoelectric effect, which graph is correct given below between intensity of incident light
and rate of photoelectron emission? [CtgB '19]

a.

b.

c.

d.

Read the following stem and answer to the questions No. 8 and 9 :
The rest mass of an electron is mo = 9.1  10-31 kg. The electron moves with the speed of 0.6C. [CtgB '19]
35. What Is the rest mass energy of the electron in the stem?
a. 8.19  10-14 J b. 4.095  10-14 J c. 5.12  10-14 J d. 8.19  10-14 J
36. What is the ratio of relativistic mass and rest mass of the electron according to the stem?
a. 0.8 : 1 b. 1.25 : 1 c. 1.56 : 1 d. 1.58 : 1
37. When a rocket is moving with velocity 0.8C; how much times its length compare to its
stationary length? [SB '19]
a. 0.45 time b. 0.6 time c. 0.8 time d. 1.67 times
38. If an object moves with the velocity of light, with respect to a stationary frame is [BB '19]
i. mass will be infinite
ii. length will be infinite
iii. density will be infinite
Which one is correct?
a. i & ii b. i & iii c. ii & iii d. i, ii & iii
39. When 1 gm mass is converted into energy completely, then amount of energy will be. [BB '19]
a. 0.001 C2 b. 0.01 C2 c. 0.1 C2 d. 1.0 C2
40. Which characteristic is not suitable for photo-electron emission? [BB '19]
a. It is an instantaneous event
b. There is a minimum frequency for it
c. The minimum frequency for different metal remains same
d. It’s maximum kinetic energy is proportional to the frequency of incident
41. The speed of light can be expressed by—. [DjB '19]
E 1 E
i. C  ii. C iii. C
B 0 0 h
Which one is correct?
The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown
Name:……………… Introduction of Modern Physics Chapter: 9 13
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a. i & ii b. i & iii c. ii & iii d. i, ii & iii
42. The energy of photon—. [DjB '19]
hC h
i. E=h ii. E iii. E
 C
Which one is correct?
a. i & ii b. i & iii c. ii & iii d. i, ii & iii

The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. H. Jackson Brown