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CE324 Lecture 8

This document discusses curve fitting techniques, specifically interpolation methods. It covers Newton's divided difference interpolation polynomials, linear interpolation, quadratic interpolation, and Lagrange interpolation polynomials. Examples are provided for Newton's divided difference to find a parabolic equation from data points and Lagrange interpolation to solve a sample problem. The key interpolation methods discussed are Newton's divided difference, linear interpolation, quadratic interpolation, and Lagrange interpolation polynomials.

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10 views

CE324 Lecture 8

This document discusses curve fitting techniques, specifically interpolation methods. It covers Newton's divided difference interpolation polynomials, linear interpolation, quadratic interpolation, and Lagrange interpolation polynomials. Examples are provided for Newton's divided difference to find a parabolic equation from data points and Lagrange interpolation to solve a sample problem. The key interpolation methods discussed are Newton's divided difference, linear interpolation, quadratic interpolation, and Lagrange interpolation polynomials.

Uploaded by

louiejaymendez16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Engr. Benzyl M.

Metran
Licensed Geodetic Engineer
Geodetic Engineering Department
College of Engineering and Architecture
CE324 Module 8

CURVE FITTING
- INTERPOLATION
CURVE FITTING
• It is the method of constructing a curve or a derived function that will “fit” to
the set of data subject to constraints to obtain intermediate estimates.

• General approaches for curve fitting:

Least-squares regression
Interpolation
CURVE FITTING
• Interpolation
It is a process of estimating a value between the data points which are known to be
precise and directly pass by the fitted curve or series of curves.

The most common method used is the polynomial interpolation.

Newton’s Divided Difference and Lagrange Interpolating Polynomials.


INTERPOLATION
INTERPOLATION
• Newton’s Divided-Difference Interpolating Polynomials

• Linear Interpolation

• Quadratic Interpolation

• General form of Newton’s divided-difference interpolation


INTERPOLATION
• Linear Interpolation

Simplest form of interpolation that connects


two data points to form a straight line.

𝑓1 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑓 𝑥0
• =
𝑥−𝑥0 𝑥1 −𝑥0

𝒇 𝒙𝟏 −𝒇 𝒙𝟎
• 𝒇𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎
𝒙𝟏 −𝒙𝟎

• 𝑓1 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥

𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑓 𝑥0
• 𝑓1 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥0 − 𝑥0 +
𝑥1 −𝑥0
𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑓 𝑥0
𝑥
𝑥1 −𝑥0
INTERPOLATION
• Quadratic Interpolation

• 𝑓2 𝑥 = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑥 − 𝑥0 + 𝑏2 𝑥 − 𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥1

• 𝑓2 𝑥 = 𝑏0 − 𝑏1 𝑥0 + 𝑏2 𝑥0 𝑥1 + 𝑏1 − 𝑏2 𝑥0 − 𝑏2 𝑥1 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑥 2

• 𝑏0 = 𝑓 𝑥0

𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑓 𝑥0
• 𝑏1 =
𝑥1 −𝑥0

𝑓 𝑥2 −𝑓 𝑥1 𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑓 𝑥0
−
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑥1 −𝑥0
• 𝑏2 =
𝑥2 −𝑥0
INTERPOLATION
• General form of Newton’s Divided-Difference Interpolation
Fitting an 𝑛th order of polynomial to n+1 data points using finite divided difference

 𝑓𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑥 − 𝑥0 + 𝑏2 𝑥 − 𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥1 + ⋯ + 𝑏𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥0 𝑥 − 𝑥1 ⋯ 𝑥 −
INTERPOLATION
• Finite Divided Difference

 𝑏0 = 𝑓 𝑥0

𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑓 𝑥0
 𝑏1 = 𝑓 𝑥1 , 𝑥0 =
𝑥1 −𝑥0
•
•
•

𝑓 𝑥𝑛 ,𝑥𝑛−1 ,⋯,𝑥2 ,𝑥1 −𝑓 𝑥𝑛−1 ,𝑥𝑛−2 ,⋯,𝑥2 ,𝑥1 ,𝑥0


 𝑏𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥𝑛 , 𝑥𝑛−1 , ⋯ , 𝑥2 , 𝑥1 , 𝑥0 =
𝑥𝑛 −𝑥0
INTERPOLATION
• Lagrange Interpolating Polynomials
The 𝑛th order polynomial can be represented as
𝑛
 𝑓𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑖=0 𝐿𝑖 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥𝑖

 𝑓𝑛 𝑥 = 𝐿0 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥0 + 𝐿1 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥1 + 𝐿2 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝐿𝑛 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥𝑛

First-order version
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑥−𝑥0
 𝑓1 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥0 + 𝑓 𝑥1
𝑥0 −𝑥1 𝑥1 −𝑥0

Second-order version
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑥−𝑥2 𝑥−𝑥0 𝑥−𝑥2 𝑥−𝑥0 𝑥−𝑥1
 𝑓2 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥0 + 𝑓 𝑥1 + 𝑓 𝑥2
𝑥0 −𝑥1 𝑥0 −𝑥2 𝑥1 −𝑥0 𝑥1 −𝑥2 𝑥2 −𝑥0 𝑥2 −𝑥1
INTERPOLATION
• SAMPLE PROBLEM: Find the polynomial that interpolates the points (1, 2) and
(4, 5). Evaluate p(1/2)
INTERPOLATION
• SAMPLE PROBLEM: Using Newton’s divided-difference, determine the parabolic
equation of the given data points.
x 0 1 2
y 1 4 9
INTERPOLATION
• SAMPLE PROBLEM: using Newton’s form, show that the interpolating
1 3
polynomial of the points (-1, 3), (0, 2), (2, 0), and (4, -1) is 𝑝 𝑥 = 𝑥 −
40
1 2 21
𝑥 − 𝑥 +2
40 20
INTERPOLATION
• SAMPLE PROBLEM: Solve problem no. 3 using Lagrange’s Interpolation
THANK YOU

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