ICT Competency Standards (CHED-UNESCO) as provided in the 2017, Policy, Standards and Guidelines(PSG) for Pre-Service Teacher Education. ICT Competency Standards for Pre-service Teachers Domain1: Understanding ICT in Education * 1.1 Demonstrate awareness of policies affecting ICT in education 1.2 Comply with ICT policies as they affect teaching-learning * 1.3 Contextualize ICT policies to the learning environment Domain 2: Curriculum and Assessment * 2.1 Demonstrate understanding of concepts, principles and theories of ICT systems as they apply to teaching-learning © 2.2 Evaluate digital and non-digital learning resources in response to student's diverse needs * 2.3 Develop digital learning resources to enhance teaching-learning * 24 Use ICT tools to develop 24st century skills: information media and technology skills, learning and innovation skills, career skills and effective communication skills Domain 3: Pedagogy 3.4 Apply relevant technology tools for classroom activities * 3.2Use ICT kn idge to solve complex problems and support student collaborative activities * 3.3 Model collaborative knowledge construction in face to face and virtual environments Domain 4: Technology Tools * 4.1 Demonstrate competence in the technical operations of technology tools and systems as they apply to teaching and learning * 4.2 Use technology tools to create new learning opportunities to support community of learners, © 4.3 Demonstrate proficiency in the use of technology tools to support teaching and learning Domain 5: Organization and Administration 5.1 manage technology-assisted instruction in an inclusive classroom environment * 5.2 Exhibit leadership in shared decision-making using technology tools Domain 6: Teacher Professional Learning © 6.1 Explore existing and emerging technology to acquire additional content and pedagogical knowledge * 6.2 Utilize technology tools in creating communities of practice * 6.3 Collaborate with peers, colleagues and stakeholders to access information in ‘support of professional learning Domain 7: Teacher Disposition © 71 Demonstrate social, ethical, and legal responsibility in the use of technology tools and resources * 7.2 Show positive attitude towards the use of technology tools ( REPORTER: MARY JANE M. ABAMONGA BEED-3 GROUP-2 )ISTE National Educational Technology Standards for Teachers (NETS*T) An international organization for educational technology called International Society for technology in Education (ISTE), established standards for both Teachers and Students ISTE national educational technology standards for teachers ‘These standards prepare teachers to teach technology and advanced concepts in the classroom. It also encourages teachers to communicate with one anather for better ideas on how to engage their students, STANDARD 1- Technology Operations and Concept This means that Teachers demonstrate a sound understanding of technology operations and concepts. STANDARD 2- Planning and Designing Learning Environment and Experiences This standard implies that teachers utilizes the use of technology to plan and design effective learning environments and experiences STANDAR 3- Teaching, Learning and Curriculum Teacher shauld be mindful that in the implementation of curriculum plan, they have to include strategies for applying technology to maximize student learning. STANDARD 4- Assessment and Evaluation ‘Teachers apply technology to facilitate a variety of effective assessment and evaluation strategies to collect and analyze data, interpret result, and communicate findings to improve instructional practice and maximize students learning. STANDARD S- Productivity and professional Practice Teachers use technology to engage in on-going professional development and lifelong learning in support of students learning, increase productivity and to build community of learners, STANDAR 6- Social, Ethical, Legal and Human Issues ‘Teachers understand the social, ethical, legal and human issues sorrounding the use of technology in support of student learning whe come from diverse background, affirm diversity, promote safe and healthy use of technology resources and facilitate access to technology resources for all students.ISTE ICATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS FOR STUDENTS (NETS* S) Standard 1: CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION NATIONAL % This will produce students who demonstrate creative thinking, contract Knowledge, develop innovative products and process using technology frorn existing knowledge Standard 2: COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION This requires students to use digtal media and environments to cornmunicate and work, collaboratively to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. Standard 3: RESEARCH AND INFORMATION FLUENCY % Students are expected to apply digital tools to gather, evaluate and use information and plan strateges for inquiry. This expects the students to locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, synthesize and ethically use information from a variety of sources and media Standard 4: CRITICAL THINKING, PROBLEM SOLVING, AND DECISION MAKING This expects the students to Use enitical thinking skills to plan and conduct research, manage prdects, solve problems and make informed decisions using appropriate digital tools. Standard 5: DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP This required that every technology student becomes a digital citizen who demonstrates ethical and \egal behavior, exernplified by the practice of safe, legal and responsible use of information, Student exhibits positive attitude towards the ‘Support of technology for collaboration, leaming and productivity as a digital citizen ‘Standard 6: TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS AND CONCEPTS % Sound understanding technology concepts, systems and operations is a standard that student should comply with They are expected to further transfer current knowledge to leaming of new technology‘Terms and Concepts (team B) Tr refers to a mix of process and product used in the application of knowledge . It includes tools from pencil and paper to the latest electronic gadgets and tools for practical tasks . Information and Communication Technology Literacy or ICT Literacy use of digital technology , communication tools and / or access , manage , integrate , ‘evaluate , create and communicate in order to function in a knowledge society ( Guro 21, 2011) Educational Technology = use of technology in teaching and learning. Digital Literacy - the ability to find , evaluate , utilize , share and create contents using information technologies and the Internet ( Cornell University } Digital leaming Any type of learning that is accompanied by technology or by instructional practice that makes effective use of technology . It encompasses the application of a wide spectrum of Practices which included blended or virtual learning . It can come as online or off - line On - line digital tools and apps: use an Internet connection to access the information needed . Off - line digital tools and apps. can still be used even if there is no internet access . Instructional technology The theory and practice of design . development , utilization , management , and evaluation of the processes and resources for learning. Software fefers to program control instructions and accompanying documentation ; stored on disks ‘or tapes when not being used in the computer , By extension , the term refers to any audiovisual materials. Multimedia: is a sequential or simultaneous use of a variety of media formats in a given presentation or ‘self - study program ( Smakdino , 2005 ) . Internet is a massive network of networks , a networking infrastructure It connects millions of computers together globally . forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are connected to the Internet .. Web access Is the ability of the learner to access the Internet at any point during the lesson in order to take advantage of the array of available education resources . Webquest is an inquiry - oriented lesson format in which most or all information that learmers work with comes from the web _ These can be created using various programs , including simple word processing documents that include links to websites . Productivity tools refer to any type of software associated with computers and related technologies that can be used as tools for personal , professional or classroom productivity . Technology Tool is an instrument used for doing work . It can be anything that help you accomplish your goal with the use of technology .These technology tools can be classified as : (a) Data / Calculation tools - (b) Design tools - (¢) Discussion tools - (d )Email tools - (©) Handheld devic ‘Webquest a teacher structured research experience for the students is primarily based on use of the World Wide Web and typically takes one or more instructional periods, Blog is an online journal where posted information from both teachers and students are arranged. There are tres idnds of blogs + blogs used for communication @ blogs used for instruction blogs used for both ‘Wiki an editable wabsite usually with limited access , allows students to collaboratively create and post written work or digital files , such as digital photos ar videos . Flipped classroom utilizes @ reverse instructional delivery , where the teacher is required to use the web resources as homework or out of class activity as initial instruction of the lesson which will be discussed during class time . Podcast is a video or audio multi - media clip about a single topic typically in the format of the radio talk show , Google Apps @ cloud - based teaching tool which is stored in the Google server and is available for students both at home and in school . It includes the Gmail , a free - email for all * Google calendar - a tool used for organizational purposes + Gaogle sites - that pravide options for developing blogs and wikis Google docs - is used for sophisticated word processing and editing of the document Vlog a video blog where each entry is posted as a video instead of the text Facebook ‘@ popular social networking site used by students and adults worldwide to present information on themselves and to the world . VOIP ( voice over internat protocol ) is a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Intemet as transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP rather than traditional circuit transmission . Reporters: Jessa Aput ywitte Ba-a ‘Axielvie Babate‘THREE DOMAINS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY © Technology as a Tutor Technology can support the teacher to teach another person or when programmed by the teacher can be a tutor on its own. ~The teacher will simply switch on or switch off radio programs, television programs or play DVD's that contain educational program. Technology as a Teaching Tool -Like a tutor, technology is a teaching too! but it can never replace a teacher. -Like any other tool, itis being used to facilitate and lighten the work of the teacher. Technology as a Learning Tool ~As. a learning tool, it makes learning easy and effective. -Itis very interesting that even the elderly used these tools for learning for lfe. For Teacher And Teaching ‘There are numerous roles that technology plays in the job of teachers. As a tool technology has ‘opened winder avenues in management of recourses and management of leaming. Likewise, it has modemized the teaching-leaming environment in schools . Here some examples of the myriad of roles that technology can do for teachers and teaching. 1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the facilitator of learning It transform a passive classroom to an active and interactive one, with audio-visual aids, charts and models, smart classroom, learning classroom which motivate and increase attention level of leamers, many of these can be searched on the web. 2. Technology has modemized the teaching-leaming environment ‘The teachers are assisted and supplemented with appropriately structured instructional materials for aily activities. There are varied available technology-driven resources which can be utilized for remedial lesson or activities. Likewise there are also lot of technology-driven that can be used for enrichment purposes. You may search for the examples on the web 3. Technology improves teaching-leaming process and ways of teaching. This will make the act of teaching more efficient and effective there are arrays of learning methods ‘and studies that can use technology which are found compatible with learning styles. The multiple intelligence theory of Howard gardner as that there iS a genius in every child this implies that there. must be very ways of teaching as there are many varied ways of leaming All the leaming styles can find support from technology, so that teaching will be more effective and efficient. 4. Technology open new fields in educational researches. ‘The area’s of teaching this thing and evolution are enhanced by technologies for teaching and leaming. Current educational researchers will no longer find difficulty in interpreting test, ‘assessment and other valuation results. ‘There are available programs that can analyze and interpret results with speed and accuracy. Reference retrieval also has hastened because many of the research materials are in digital form. ‘Technology has also provided access to big data that can process for problem solving an inquiry. 5. Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculeates scientific outlook.‘Through the utilization of theories of learning and intelligence which are explained in references uploaded in the net, the teachers are encouraged to imbibe skills to source disinformation with eed and accuracy, 6. Technology supports teacher professional development. Which the demand of continuing professional development for teachers the availability of technology provides alternative way of attending professional development For Loarnors and Learning - Support leamers to leam how to learn on their own. According to Egbert (2009) there are ‘Three Categories knowledge and those are; + Declarative knowledge — consists of the discrete pieces of information that answers the questions What, Who, When, and Where + Structural knowledge — consists of facts or pieces of declarative knowledge put together to attain some form of meaning. + Procedural knowledge — knowledge in action or the knowledge of how to do something. ‘TECHNOLOGY ENHANCES LEARNERS’ COMMUNICATION SKILLS THROUGH SOCIAL INTERACTIONS = The transmittal of information from ane person to another as single individual or groups of individuals. Three basic communication pattern of Shirly (2003) in Egbert (2009) a. Point to point two-way or one-to-one like Internet chat, phone conversation or even face-to- face conversation. b. One-to-many outbound like a lecture, oF television; no social interaction Many-to-many like group discussion, buzz session, heads together; provides opportunities for social interaction SOCIAL INTERACTION occurs in two ways where the participants ask for clarification, argue, challenge each other and work towards common understanding. - Occurs through technology (directly between two persons via email, communication technology) cellphone or other- Occurs around technology (students discussing about a problem posed by a software program) - Occurs with support of technology (teacher and students interacting about the worksheet printed from a website. BENEFITS derived from technology-supported communication a. Enables any teacher to guide the learners virtually and making leaming unlimited because ‘communication and social interaction go beyond a school day or a school environment b. Enhances students’ freedom to express and exchange ideas freely without the snooping eyes of the teacher face to face ¢. Enables leamers to construct meaning from joint experiences between the two or more participants in communication. . Help learners solve problems from multiples sources since there is limitless sources of information that the teacher can direct or refer to the leamers €. Teaches leamers to communicate with politeness, taking tums in sending information and giving appropriate feedback {. Enhances collaboration by using communication strategies with wider community and individuals in a borderless learning environment g. Develop critical thinking, problem solving and creativity throughout the communication TECHNOLOGY ENHANCES LEARNERS’ COMMUNICATION SKILLS THROUGH SOCIAL INTERACTIONS: ~The transmittal of information from one person to another as single individual or groups of individuals. Three basic communication pattern of Shirly (2003) in Egbert (2009)‘a. Point to point two-way or one-to-one like Intemet chat, phone conversation or even face-to- face conversation. b. One-to-many outbound like a lecture, or television; no social interaction ¢. Many-to-many like group discussion, buzz session, heads together, provides opportunities for social interaction SOCIAL INTERACTION occurs in two ways where the participants ask for clarification, argue, challenge each other and work towards common understanding. - Occurs through technology (directly between two persons via email, a cellphone or other communication technology) ~ Occurs around technology (students discussing about a problem posed by a software program) = Occurs with support of technology (teacher and students interacting about the worksheet printed from a website BENEFITS derived from technology-supported communication a. Enables any teacher to guide the learners virtually and making learning unlimited because communication and social interaction go beyond a school day or a school environment b. Enhances students’ freedom to express and exchange ideas freely without the snooping eyes of the teacher face to face . Enables learners to construct meaning from joint experiences between the two or more participants in communication. d. Help leamers solve problems from multiples sources since there is limitless sources of information that the teacher can direct or refer to the learners e. Teaches leamers to communicate with politeness, taking tums in sending information and giving appropriate feedback f, Enhances collaboration by using communication strategies with wider community and individuals in a borderless learning environment 9. Develop critical thinking, problem solving and creativity throughout the communicationTechnology upgrades learners’ higher -order-thinking skills: critical thinking, problem solving and creativity “Critical thinking -is a part of the cluster of higher order thinking skills. It refers to the ability to interpret, explain.analyze, evaluate, infer and self regulate in order to make good decisions. Here are some ways that teachers can do to develop critical thinking: > Ask the right questions. Clarity - Precision ‘Accuracy - Breadth > Use critical thinking tasks with appropriate level of challenge. - Vary the questions asked Introduce new technologies Modify the leamers’ grouping - Modify the critical thinking task + Encourage curiosity * Creativity - is characterized as involving the ability to think flexibly, fluently, originally and elaborately (Guildford 1986 & Torrance, 1974 in Egbert, 2009) * Seven Creative Strategies (Osborn,1963) Substitute -Modify/Magnify/ Minify - Reverse Combine -Put to another use Adapt -Eliminate “Further, teachers can do the ff, to deliver and enhance enitical thinking, problem sotving and creativity. As a future teacher try these suggestions: > Encourage students to find and use information from a variety of sources both ‘on-line and off-line. > Assist students to compare information from different sources. > Allow students to reflect through different delivery modes like writing, speaking or drawing > Use real experiences and material to draw tentative decisions, > Involve students in creating and questioning assessment There are several critical thinking tools and technology software thinking skills, ‘* Encourage digital production projects + Popularizes e-learning modalities + Enhance global awareness and citizen ‘Team C Reporters: KHATE BAGTINDON JAIRO BUNA JORIANE BLESSED BONGO DANICA BIELZA CHERRY MAE BONANELigaya J. Depanas BEED3/G2 E-SAFETY ‘Takes care not only of internet technologies but also of electronic communication via mobile phones. games consoles and wireless technology. It highlights the need to educate chilaren an young people about the benefits, risks and responsibilities of using information technology. Here are some issues of e-safety: Helps safeguard children and young people in the cigital world Emphasizes learning to understand and new technologies in a positive way. Educate chidren about the risks as well he benefts 60 we can feel confident online ; and Supports young leammers and aduts to develop safer onine behaviors . oth in and out of school. | the sum total of applicants, tools and processes used to provision, operate, maintain, administer and secure network intrastructure +4, SAFETY IN THE US OF NETWORK IN SCHOOLS: 1.1, Make clear that no one should log on as another user. 1.2, Require al users to always log off when they have finished working, 1.3, Maintain equipment o ensure health and safety. 1.4, Provide students with access to content and resources through guided e-learning. 1.8. Set up a clear disaster recovery system in place for critical data that inckude secure, remote back Up of entical data, 1.6. Secure wireless network to appropriate standards suitable for educational use. 1.7, Install al computer equipment professionally and meet health and safety standards. 1.8. Review the school ICT system regularly with regard to health and safety and security, 2. PASSWORD POLICY: 2.1. Only authorized users will have individual passwords. Users are not permitted to disclose their passwords uniess they got permission from the owner or from the management. The equipment that keeps the personal information shall be locked when unattended to prevent unauthorized access. ‘Computers should be set to time out if they become unused for a certain period of time. ‘3. PERSONAL MOBILE PHONES AND MOBILE DEVICES: 3.1. All mobile phones shall be kept away in a box away from the children or learners and access is only allowed at breaktime or atthe end of classes or when needed during the class period 4/CAMERAS: 4.4. Taking picture only from parents or caregivers and not from any other family member or friend ‘while the chid attend class. 4.2. Any picture taken of children shall be on cameras solely for the purpose,Mary Mae Patalinghug Dayday BEED3 — GROUP 2 Schools that plan to dedicate a room where the students can access technologies for learning should include the following basic safety rules: NOMSuUNS . Provide tiltable tables. These tables can be tilted and adjusted to eight of the users. Provide anti-glare screen filters. Provide adjustable chairs. . Provide foot support. . Make sure lighting is suitable. . Make sure work stations are not cramped, Plan work at the computer so that there are frequent breaks. More specifically safety rules that can reduce risk of accidents in the working stations should include: ©CPrNOanrone No trailing wires across or around the room which people can trip on. . Electrical sockets should not be overloaded, Electrical equipment should be safety-tested at least once a year. There should be adequate space around desk for people to move Bags and obstacles should not be stored out of the way. . Food and drinks should not be placed near machines, . Heating and ventilation should be suitable for the working management. Fire extinguishers should be available. . Fire exits should be clearly marked and free from clutter, ‘There are more issues, policies and rules. What have been presented in the lesson may be the minimum that you should learn. As you explore some more and engage in the different aspects of Technology and Leaming, you will find more details,Lesson Outcomes: 1. Kdentiied and explained safety issues on the use of ICT. 2. Listed and applied e-safety rukes in the use of ICT. EXPLORE: Some Risks in the Use of ICT and e-networking: 1. Exposure to inappropriate content, including on-tine pomography, extremism (exposure to violence ‘associated with racist language) 2. Lifestyle website like sef.arms and suicides sites, and hate sites; 3. Cyber-buityng in all forms, recieving sexually explicit images or messages, 4, Privacy issues including dssiosure of personal information; 5. Health and wellbeing (amount of ime spent ondine, internet gaming and many more: 6. Prolonged exposure to omine technologies, particulary at an early age, Addiction to gambling and gaming: £8, Theft and Fraud from activities such as phishing, 8. Viruses, Trojans, soyware and other malware: and 10. Social pressure to maintain oniine networks via texting and social networking sites, ‘Minor Misuse of CT In school, some minor misuse made by leemers include the ff: Copying information into assignment and failing to acknowledge the source( plagiarism and ‘copyright infringement) Downloading materials not relevant fo their studies Misconduct associated with subject logins, such 28 using someone elses password = Leaving a moblie phone tured on during cass period Unathorized taking of pictures or images with mobile phone camera, stl or moving. e-Satety Issues of e-safety: ‘e-safely helps safeguard chitdren and young people inthe digital word ‘e-safety emphasizes learring to understand and new technologies in postive way ‘e-safely educates children about the risks as well as the benefits so we can feel confident ontine; and. ‘e-safely supports young learners and adults to develop cater online benaviors, both in and out of school.Definition of ICT Policy + The Oxford English Dictionary has defined “policy” as a course of action, adopted and pursued by a government, party, ruler, statesman. * ICT Policies are needed to put a roadmap or course of action to be pursued and adopted by various governments, organizations, entities invalving ICT. Principles and Guidelines in the se of ICT which cover three main areas: + Telecommunication (telephone) * Broadcasting (radio and television) and + Intemet ‘The New ICT Technologies 1. Information Technology — includes the use of computers, which has become indispensable in modem societies to process data and save time and effort. 2. Telecommunication technologies- include telephones (with fax) and the broadcasting of radio and television often through satelites. 3. Networking technologies- The best known of networking technologies is Internet, but has ‘extended to mobile phone technology, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) satellite ‘communications and other forms of communications are stil in their infancy. THE DICT ROADMAP -In our country, the Department of Information band Communication Technology (DICT) has formulated a roadmap to guide all agencies in the utilization, regulation and enhancement of ICT. Each projects has corresponding policy statements and guidelines. The ICT for education (ICT4E) is a program under the DICT that supports alll the efforts of the education sector in incorporating the use of ICT as well as in determining and gaining access to the infrastructure (hardware, software, telecommunications, facilities and others) which are necessary to use and deploy learning technologies at all levels of education. Among the policy recommended program that have application in education teaching learning are: 1. ICT in education masterplan for ail levels, including a national roadmap for faculty development in ICT in Education. A national framework Pian ICT's in basic education was developed. 2. Content and application development through the open content in education initiatives (OCE!) which converts Deped materials into interactive multi midea content, develop applications use in schools, and conduct students and teachers competitionsto promote the development of education related web content. 3. PheDNET, is a “walled” garden that hosts Educational, learning, and teaching materials application for use by the Filipino student their parents and teachers. All public high schools will be part of this network with only Deped-approved multimedia applications, materials and mirrored intemet sites accessible from school's PC's. 4, Established community eLearning centers called eSkwela for out of schol of youth (OYS) providing them with ICT enhance altemative education opportunities. 5. eQuality program for Tertiary education through partnership with state universities and colleges (SUCs) to improve quality of IT education and the use af ICT in education in the country, particularly outside of Metro Manila6. Digital media Arts program which build digital digital media skills for government using using open source technology. 7. ICT skills strategic plan which developed an inter agency approach to identifying strategic and policy ang program recommendations to address ICT skill demand apply type. ISSUES ON ICT and INTERNET POLICY AND REGULATION Did you know? When you are surfing the web, you may think you are anonymous, but there are various ways that information about you or your activities can be collected without your consent. Global Issue + Access + GivilLiberties Issue No, 1 ; freedom of expression and censorship Freedom of expression + Under international human rights all people are guaranteed rights for free expression. + Under the UN Universal declaration of Human Rights provides that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion likewise the right to freedom of opinion and expression. Censorship Censorship is the suppression of speech public communication or other information. This may be done on the places that such a material is considered objectionable harmful sensitive of inconvenient. Issue No. 2: Privacy and Security Privacy policies are an issue, Most commercial sites have a privacy policy. When someone uses a site and clicks "I agree" button, itis as if you have tumed over private information to any authority that may access it. There are several types of privacy as shown by the following examples: 1. For most, privacy means “personal privacy’ the right of individuals not ta have their home, private life or personal life interfered with, 2. Privacy of communication refers to the protection from interference with communication over the phone or internet, Respect for privacy of communications is an essential prerequisite for the maintenance of human relationship via technological communications media. 3. Information privacy is related ta the use of computers and communications system which are able to hold and process information about large numbers af people at a high speed. It is important to ensure that information will only be used for purposes for which it was gathered and will not be disclosed to others without consent of the individuals. 1e No. 3: Surveillance and Data Retention The use of electronic communications has enhanced the development of indirect surveillance. In the indirect surveillance, there is no direct contact between the agent and the subject of surveillance but evidence of activities can be traced, The new and powerful form of indirect surveillance is dataveillance. Dataveillance is the use of personalinformation to monitor a person's activities while data retention is the storage and use of information from communication systems. There is very little that can be done to prevent surveillance. What can be done is to change the methods of working to make surveillance difficult. This is called “counter surveillance” or “information security” if it refers to computers and electronic communication. Issue No. 4: E-pollutants from E-waste Large amount of e-waste is generated by ICT. These are in particular, terminal equipments used for computing (PCs, laptops), broadcasting (television and radiosets), telephony (fixed and mobile phones), and peripherals (fax machines, printers and scanners) ‘The accumulated e-waste is due to rapid tumover of equipment due to rapid improvement ‘of software, While material waste can be destroyed by crushing, toxic material brought about by the different equipment requires utmost management. The quantities of e-waste are increasing in both developed and developing countries. A very dismal state is that there is a significant amount of electronic waste that has been shipped from industrial countries to developing countries, using less environmentally- responsible procedure. Remedies include standardization and regulatory measures to increase the life cycle of ‘equipment before they become obsolete. Efficient extraction of toxic components and Tequiring the recycling by both consumers and equipment vendors are selling must be required. if not controlled then, e-waste will tremendously affect climate change, damage human lives, and overload the capacity of the earth in carrying solid waste. Implication to teaching and learning ‘How do the policy guidelines, projects and issues relate to the teaching and learning? ‘There are great implications of this lesson to both the teachers who are taching and the learners who are learning For the Teachers and Teaching 1, Guide the Teacher on what they should teach that relate lo ICT, and how to teach it. 2. Technology should never replace any human teacher. 3. There are rules and regulations that govern the use of technology. 4. Allthe issues and many more shall be part of the teaching content as each teacher will be encouraged to use technology in teaching For the Learners and Learning The leamers of the 21st century are even more advanced than some of the teachers. However , learners still need guidance on how to use, regulate technology use.INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS. INTRODUCTION * Instructional Materials - refer to any pre-existing materials that are being incorporated, as well as to those that will be specifically developed for the objectives (Haigler, 2014). * instructional Materials - are the supplementary materials, which help the teacher make his/her presentation concrete, effective, interesting, meaningful and inspiring. EXPLORE * The primary aim of teaching materials is to provide the teachers the layout of the way for teaching in the classroom. * In any teaching and learning process, instructional materials play a vital role as they provide sensory experiences to the leaders. * It is important to understand how to develop instructional materials. Several factors to consider in developing instructional materials: 1. Develop a story board and working outline based on the subject goals and objectives. 2. Identify existing institutional resources including materials and teacher's capability. 3. The teacher may research of the shelf materials that have been developed by others to determine if their approach could be useful. 4. Explore the possibility of adapting concepts of other teachers without infringing on anyone's copy protected design. 5. Modify existing materials based on the objectives of the lesson. 66. if the instructional materials are effective, you can share them with other teachers. 7. The teacher developer can also sell her/his materials available. * Instructional materials are a great help in stimulating and facilitating the learning of the learners. + According to Wright (1976:1) as cited in Cakir (2006) many media and many styles of visualpresentation are useful to the language learner. All audio-visual materials have positive Contributions to language learning as long as they are used at the right time, in the right place. In the teaching and learning process, learners use their eyes as well as their ears, but their eyes are basic in learning. Examples of instructional Materials 1. Diorama - is often used as a learning tool to help show a student's understanding of a certain subject matter. A diorama isa three-dimensional scene used to creatively express learning. 2. Nature Table - This is a table that contains objects and/or scenes related to the current season, or upcoming festival or a symbol of an ecosystem. Children love to follow the natural changes that the world offers each month and classroom decorations reflect these. 3. Writing Board - It can display information written with chalk (chalkboard or blackboard) or special pens (whiteboard). Although there are usually more effective methods of transmitting information, the writing board is stil the most commonly used visual aid. 4, Flip Chart - A flip chart is a stationery item consisting of a pad of large paper sheets. It is typically fixed to the upper edge of a whiteboard, or supported on a tripod or four-legged easel. Such charts are commonly used for presentations. 5. Zigzag Board -is a mult- board series of three or four rectangular boards. 6. Wall Display - is a collection wall of many different types of items and materials to put up on awall, 7. Rope and Pole Display Board - consists of two parallel, horizontal poles tied loosely together with rope. Guidelines when designing conventional instructional materials: 1. Unity - use only one idea for each visual aid include a headline. 2. Simplicity - make ideas and relationships simple and easy to recall. Avoid cluttering a visual With too many words, numbers, or graphics. The audience should be able to grasp tsp the concept in 10 to 15 seconds. 3. Legibility - make letters big and readable for all in the audience. 4. Consistency - use the same type style and art style, 5. Clarity - avoid type that is too small to read, avoid caps.