THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES (CA 3)

BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERAPEUTIC

MODALITIES

What is the meaning of Therapeutic Community?

➢ A therapeutic community is a place where people can obtain help that

is used to treat drug addiction, personality problems, and chronic
mental disease.
➢ The term "therapeutic community" (TC) has been used to describe a
variety of treatment settings.

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM OF BUREAU OF JAIL

MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

The (DIWD) Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development's main

focus is developing inmate development programs to get them ready for their
ultimate reintegration back into society.

A self-help social learning treatment model known as the Therapeutic

Community Modality Program (TCMP) makes use of the community as
the main therapeutic tool to promote behavioral and
attitudinal change.

Currently, most jails around the country are using TCMP, which is
acknowledged as the BJMP's foundational program for inmate rehabilitation.

What are the objectives of BJMP Therapeutic community program?

The objectives of BJMP Therapeutic program are the following.

1. To introduce and institutionalize TCMP as the backbone program of the

BJMP for inmate development.
2. To provide the jail TCMP implementers with a manual that will serve as a
guide in the proper implementation of the program.
3. To attain uniformity and standardization in the implementation of TCMP.

The Therapeutic Community Modality Program is adopted by the bureau in

attaining one of its mandates, the “Development of Inmates”

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT PHASES OF TREATMENT UNDER THE

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM OF BJMP?

1. Phase I- Entry/Orientation Phase

An inmate is subjected to a number of exams after being admitted to jail to
ascertain his physical, social, and psychological status.

3. Phase II- Primary Treatment

The resident is now prepared to get the right therapy after receiving proper
orientation regarding the many TC concepts and tools, the standards and
guidelines of the community, and the staff members.

4. Phase III- Pre-Re-entry

In normal conditions, the resident should have
accepted the TC values and concept by this point in order to begin life anew. In
the TC community, he is looked up to as a role model.

5. Phase IV- Re-entry

In an ideal setting, a resident who has reached this point would have shown
sufficient self-control and self-discipline to be eligible for release back into
society.

6. Phase V- Aftercare
An outpatient program called aftercare requires participants to visit an
outreach center twice weekly.

CARDINAL RULES IN THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY

*No Sex or Sexual Acting Out
*No drugs/ Alcohol
*No violence or threat of violence
*No stealing

HOUSE RULES:

• No destruction of jail property

• Respect staff

• Follow directions without feedback

• No cigarette smoking

• No contraband

• No gambling

• Be on time in all activities

• Lights off at 10:00 PM

• No talking/laughing after lights off

• Maintain good grooming and hygiene

• No vandalism

• Be courteous to people

• No lending or borrowing without

permission

• Respect other people’s property

BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
Indicators:

1) Residents will understand the different Behavior Shaping Tools and

practice them as part of their daily living.

2) Residents will utilize the different behavior shaping tools in promoting

change within themselves and others.

What are Behavior Shaping Tools of Behavior Management?

*Pre Morning Meeting

*Morning Meeting
*Talk To
*Pull Up
*Dealt With
*Haircut
*Learning Experience/ Bans
*General Meeting
*Expulsion

1. PRE - MORNING MEETING

➢ Pre-Morning Meeting is done early in the morning prior to the Morning

Meeting.
➢ Senior members of the community will meet to discuss the attitude of
the house the previous day.
➢ It is also where the senior members formulate solutions to the
concerns discussed and to be executed during the day.

2. MORNING MEETING

➢ Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in a Therapeutic

Community. It is attended by the whole community and lasts for an hour.
It commences with the Opening Prayer, Singing of the Philippine National
Anthem and the recitation of the TC Philosophy.
➢ It is usually facilitated by any member of the community.
➢ It is divided into two (2) parts namely: (1) public announcements and
community concerns and (2) community-spirit building or up-rituals.

PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING

I. COMMUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT/CONCERNS

a. Opening Prayer

b. Singing of the Philippine National Anthem (Flag must be displayed)

c. TC Philosophy (Adopted translation)

d. Announcements
➢ Staff (Director, Asst. Director, Counselor & other personnel)

➢ Residents (Coordinators)
➢ Report on Dorm Inspection

e. Community Concerns
 Pull-ups- A pull up is done as an expression of concern over the lapses of
some members and encourage ownership of mistakes on the violators.

e. Concept of the Day

f. Verse of the Day

II. UP – RITUALS

a. News casting
b. Entertainment
c. Community Singing
d. Greetings

HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

Tools called Behavior Shaping Tools (BST). The main BST tools, including Talk
To, Pull-up, Dealt With, Haircut, Learning Experience, General Meeting, and
Expulsion, were created as a way to address residents' conduct that went
against the TC norms.

What is TALK TO tool?

➢ A “Talk To” is an outright correction done by any member of the TC

community to another member who has done a minor
infraction/infringement but is not aware of it.
➢ It is a friendly reminder/advice about an unacceptable behavior and must
be done privately.

What is PULL-UP tool?

A Pull-up is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in awareness in a
resident.
All the members of the community are responsible to pull-up minor infractions
done by peers.

Example of a Pull-up:

The moderator asks for someone who has a Pull-up. A member raises his
hand and declared: “Who among my brothers/ sisters did not flush the toilet
after using it early in the morning?”(Sinu-sino sa ating mga kapatid na
naririto ang hindi nagbuhos ng tubig sa palikuran(kubeta) pagkatapos
gumamit kaninang umaga?)

What is Dealt-With tool?

➢ Dealt With is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House

Rules/Norms are done for the second time of same offense by a resident.
➢ A panel of three (3) composed of a senior resident, peer and a friend are
tasked to deliver a serious and stern reprimand to the subjected resident.
What is Haircut Tool?
➢ Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House
Rules/Norms in same offense are done for the third time or more or for
first time grave offenses.
➢ It is a carefully planned and structured verbal reprimand given by a Staff
with four other residents - Senior Resident, Peer, Big Brother, and
Department Head.
What is Learning Experience?

A Learning Experience (LE) is an action or activity given to a resident

who was subjected to Haircut or General Meeting who did an infraction to
correct or modify a behavior.

What is Bans Tool?

Bans are sanctions to members who commit repeatedly infractions or

violation to the Cardinal Rules by prohibiting, disallowing or limiting an activity
or affiliation to a group.

Examples of Bans:

*Regulation of visiting privilege *Banned from attending

Entertainment and Recreational activities

What is General Meeting?

A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules. Such issue should be discussed with
the community to point out to the violator the negative effect the behavior had
on the community. Such offense includes sexual acting-out with a fellow
resident, taking drugs and engaging in physical fight with another resident.

What is Expulsion?

In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat

to the community (initiator of jail disturbances), the Director with the
recommendation of the Disciplinary Board may transfer him/her to the
nearest jail facilities with an appropriate Court Order.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

ANGER MANAGEMENT – a specialized group activity discussing issues to

control anger
ANNOUNCEMENT - information given to all residents.
ATTITUDES – the general condition of the TC family as a whole, including
incidences, positive and negative.
BANS - a behavior shaping tool to prohibit a resident to a specific area, activity,
verbal, another client.
BIG BROTHER - an older member of the community tasked to provide
guidance to the newly committed residents.
CARDINAL RULES - the principal guiding rule observed by all residents in a
TC
COMMUNICATION – a department which oversees the daily census, entry,
news and other information to be disseminated.
COMMUNITY - the residents of the TC Family.
COORDINATOR - the highest position attained by a resident in a TC
COORDINATOR OF THE DAY – assigned coordinator (resident) to oversee and
address the incidents, attitudes of the house through the use of behavior
shaping tools – talk to, dealt with, haircut.
COUNSELOR- staff member position who assists the residents’ needs.
DAILY STRUCTURE- list of day-to-day activities.
DEPARTMENT HEAD- a ranking resident next to the coordinator in the TC
Hierarchy assigned to oversee, monitor tasks to be done in a particular
department.
DISSONANCE - the time period of admitting, denying before coming up with a
decision.
DIRECTOR - the highest staff facility officer (Warden) who has direct command
to both residents and staff.
DORMITORY – a cell where the residents stays while on confinement.
ENTERTAINMENT and RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY - an activity
in the TC community aimed to aid residents in treatment.
EXPULSION - the ejection of one from the community because of his/her
serious offense.
FRIEND - a resident who has the closest regard to the other resident.
GENERAL MEETING - a behavior shaping tool addressing serious infraction of
a resident.
HAIRCUT - a behavior shaping tool consisting of a five-man panel that
addresses a resident’s infraction.
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE – the chain of command of
residents in TCMP.
HOUSE – pertains to the jail facility.
HOUSE RULES – are day to day standards that need to be followed
inside the jail facility to ensure the smooth and orderly flow of operation.
HOUSEKEEPING TEAM – a department that maintains cleanliness of the
facility.
INFRACTIONS - a violation to the House Rules of the TC Family.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE – a form of sanction that aid residents realize the
value of correcting infractions.
MORNING MEETING - a daily ritual addressing attitudes of previous days,
performed to start the day right.
PEERS – friends of the same entry period
PRE-MORNING MEETING- the activity preceding the Morning Meeting that
discusses attitudes of the house and eliciting theme of the week and word of
the day.
PULL – UP – verbal reprimand done during the Morning Meeting.
RESIDENTS – terms used for inmates who are part of the TCMP community.
STAFF – refer to jail personnel.
TALK TO – friendly reminder for resident violators.
TC FAMILY – refers to all residents of the TC community.
VIOLATOR – a resident who commits an act in violation of the TC/Jail Rules.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL COMPONENT

COUNSELING
Counseling is defined as a professional activity of
helping individuals, groups or communities enhance or restore their capacity
for psychological, emotional and social functioning and creating an
environment favorable for the attainment of these goals.

Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of Counseling:

*Empathy

It is the ability to perceive the client’s feelings and to demonstrate accurate

perception of the client.

*Warmth

It is also called “unconditional positive regard”.

It involves accepting and caring about the client as a person, regardless of

any evaluation or prejudices on the client’s behavior or thoughts.

Respect
The counselor shows his utmost respect to the client by listening in silence and
giving him the opportunity to design his own solutions to the problem.

*Congruence
Known as genuineness is being honest and authentic in dealing with the
client.

*Confidentiality
This means that anything discussed during counseling sessions is held
absolutely private and not to be discussed anywhere.

When to break Confidentiality?

1. Children are being neglected or abused

2. Appearance in court as a witness

3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide

4. Client expressed plan to harm others

THE INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENT

Spirituality in TC
Spirituality is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in a
man.
➢ It summarizes a man’s relationship with himself, others and the
Supreme Being.
SPIRITUAL COMPONENT

THE TC PHILOSOPHY

The TC Philosophy is recited daily during the Morning Meeting.

*TC Written Philosophy

1. Surrender
I am where I am right now because I admit that something went wrong with my
life that I have no control over. I admit that I need the help of a Higher Power
and of others to bring positive change in my life.

2. Self-disclosure
I now know that unless I come out in the open and admit my mistakes, I will
forever be running from them. I need to disclose my deepest secrets to my
peers so that I can find the right ways of dealing with them. By opening myself
up for others to see through me, I will be free from my own demons and let
others guide and help me through my ordeals. Nobody can help me unless I let
them know my woes and let them understand that like them, I also need help.

3. Reflection
There is no better place to disclose my feelings than in a place full of people
with similar experiences where I feel safe and free. People are here for different
reasons but with a common problem. It is easy to identify with somebody who
is going through the same experience as me.

4. Self-realization
When I start to understand myself better, I began to realize how all my negative
behaviors came to be. It is easier to deal with something when we understand
its roots. I will learn not to look at myself as too big or too small to handle all
my worries. I will learn that I will deal with them as a person among others
who are united together to help each other by relating our similar attitudes and
behaviors.

5. Growth
I realize that this environment can help me overcome my mistakes and start a
new life. I can anchor myself in this community to foster permanent change.

6. Self-worth
I begin to believe in my ability to overcome all my challenges and give out all
my best for myself and others. I also believe in my ability to be of help to others
who are in similar situation.

TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHIES

The unwritten philosophy of TC consists of slogans that are verbally given to

the residents to impart the beliefs and values of TC in relation to their day to
day living.

1. “Honesty”
A lot of residents continue to live in a lie without the fear of its
consequences.

2. “Responsible love and concern”

The residents will learn how to give and accept criticisms without
resentment.

3. “Trust in your environment”

4. There will be no change if there is no honesty and disclosure. Before doing
so, trust must be established.

4. “Be careful what you ask for, you might just get it”
Man by nature is ambitious. We never get contented with what we have.

5. “No free lunch”

In reality, nothing really comes easy. If we aim for something, we have to work
for it.

6. “You can’t keep it unless you give it away”

Knowledge or learning is better appreciated if shared with others.

7. “What goes around comes around”

“Whatever you do unto others will be done unto you”.

8. “Act as if”
Learning and accepting the TC program is not easy. Most residents feel
resistant towards it.

9. “Understand rather than be understood”

It is sometimes common for us to be selfish. Understanding others is a
virtue because it speaks of humility and patience.

10. “Compensation is valid”

A reward for working hard is well deserved.

11. “Forgiveness”

To accept what has been done, move on and get over the hurt and anger gives
us a feeling of inner peace and happiness.

12. “Humility”
To humble one’ self before others is a laudable virtue.

13. “You alone can do it, but you can’t do it alone”

Oftentimes, we feel invincible and indispensable knowing that certain tasks
can only be accomplished by us.

14. “Pride in quality”

Time flies so fast that we tend to hurry in everything we do.

15. “Feelings don’t think”

We usually react impulsively to things around us because of our feelings.

16. “Guilt kills”

One of the underlying reasons for depression is guilt.

17.“Hang tough”
Sometimes, we feel that there is no end to our miseries and we feel helpless
and hopeless.
18. “You are your brother’s keeper”
In TC, each one is responsible for the other members of the community. The
failure of one is the failure of all.

Intellectual Component

SEMINARS

Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek

personal involvement among the residents.

VOCATIONAL AND SURVIVAL COMPONENT

LIVELIHOOD AND SKILLS TRAINING

Objectives:

1. To motivate the participation of the residents in the livelihood and skills

training in preparation for reintegration to the mainstream of society.

2. To cultivate and enhance one’s capacity to become productive and improve

self-worth.

Indicators:

1. Resourceful and creative individuals

2. Generate income.

STAFF FUNCTIONS

Director
The Warden serves as the Director of the facility. He oversees all the activities
in the program.

Assistant Director
This position is usually occupied by the Assistant Warden. He takes over the
responsibilities in the absence of the Director.

Counselor

A staff is assigned as a Counselor for each department. The jail set up is

unique as the Counselors take on other responsibilities in addition.

THANK YOU & GOD BLESS FUTURE CRIMINOLOGISTS!