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Dbms 7

The document discusses different types of SQL joins including inner, outer, left, right, full and cross joins. It provides definitions and syntax examples for each join type and explores using various joins to combine data from multiple tables in a database.

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priyanshu21extc
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44 views

Dbms 7

The document discusses different types of SQL joins including inner, outer, left, right, full and cross joins. It provides definitions and syntax examples for each join type and explores using various joins to combine data from multiple tables in a database.

Uploaded by

priyanshu21extc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭PRACTICAL 7‬

‭ ame:‬
N
‭Class:‬
‭Div:‬
‭Roll‬
‭no:‬
‭DOP:‬
‭DOS:‬
‭Grade‬
‭Sign:‬
‭Aim‬‭:‬‭To perform join operation using SQL‬

‭ heory‬‭:‬
T
‭Types of joins-‬

‭1.‬‭CROSS JOIN‬
‭2.‬‭INNER JOIN‬
‭3.‬‭OUTER JOIN-‬
‭i-‬‭LEFT OUTER‬
‭ii-‬‭RIGHT OUTER‬
‭iii-‬‭FULL OUTER‬

‭1.‬‭CROSS JOIN‬
‭ efinition:‬‭A‬‭CROSS‬‭JOIN‬‭in‬‭SQL‬‭is‬‭a‬‭join‬‭operation‬‭that‬‭combines‬‭each‬‭row‬‭of‬‭the‬‭first‬
D
‭table‬‭with‬‭every‬‭row‬‭of‬‭the‬‭second‬‭table,‬‭resulting‬‭in‬‭what‬‭is‬‭called‬‭the‬‭Cartesian‬‭product‬
‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭two‬ ‭tables.‬ ‭This‬ ‭means‬ ‭that‬ ‭for‬ ‭every‬ ‭row‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭first‬ ‭table,‬ ‭there‬ ‭will‬ ‭be‬ ‭a‬
‭corresponding‬ ‭row‬ ‭for‬ ‭each‬ ‭row‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭second‬ ‭table.‬ ‭It‬ ‭is‬ ‭essentially‬‭a‬‭way‬‭to‬‭create‬‭all‬
‭possible combinations of rows from the two tables.‬

‭Syntax:‬
‭ ELECT * FROM table1‬
S
‭CROSS JOIN table2;‬

‭Querry:‬
‭Output:‬
‭1-‬‭INNER JOIN:‬
‭ n‬‭INNER‬‭JOIN‬‭in‬‭SQL‬‭is‬‭a‬‭type‬‭of‬‭join‬‭used‬‭to‬‭combine‬‭rows‬‭from‬‭two‬‭or‬‭more‬‭tables‬
A
‭based‬ ‭on‬ ‭a‬ ‭related‬ ‭column‬ ‭or‬ ‭columns‬ ‭between‬ ‭them.‬ ‭It‬ ‭selects‬ ‭only‬ ‭the‬ ‭rows‬‭that‬‭have‬
‭matching‬ ‭values‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬‭specified‬‭columns‬‭from‬‭both‬‭tables,‬‭effectively‬‭filtering‬‭out‬‭rows‬
‭where‬ ‭there‬ ‭is‬ ‭no‬ ‭match.‬ ‭This‬ ‭type‬ ‭of‬ ‭join‬ ‭is‬ ‭particularly‬ ‭useful‬ ‭for‬ ‭retrieving‬ ‭data‬ ‭that‬
‭exists‬ ‭in‬ ‭both‬ ‭tables‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭often‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬‭connect‬‭related‬‭data‬‭across‬‭multiple‬‭tables‬‭in‬‭a‬
‭relational‬‭database.‬‭The‬‭INNER‬‭JOIN‬‭operation‬‭results‬‭in‬‭a‬‭new‬‭table‬‭with‬‭columns‬‭from‬
‭both‬ ‭tables,‬ ‭containing‬ ‭only‬ ‭the‬ ‭rows‬ ‭that‬ ‭satisfy‬ ‭the‬ ‭join‬ ‭condition.‬ ‭It‬ ‭helps‬ ‭in‬‭creating‬
‭meaningful‬ ‭relationships‬ ‭between‬ ‭tables‬ ‭and‬ ‭retrieving‬ ‭relevant‬ ‭data‬ ‭for‬ ‭analysis‬ ‭or‬
‭reporting purposes.‬

‭ YNTAX:‬
S
‭SELECT columns‬
‭FROM table1‬
‭INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;‬
‭ UTER‬ ‭JOIN‬‭:‬ ‭Outer‬ ‭joins‬ ‭in‬ ‭SQL‬ ‭are‬ ‭essential‬ ‭for‬ ‭fetching‬ ‭data‬ ‭from‬ ‭multiple‬ ‭tables,‬
O
‭even‬ ‭when‬‭there‬‭might‬‭not‬‭be‬‭matching‬‭records‬‭in‬‭one‬‭or‬‭both‬‭tables.‬‭These‬‭joins‬‭come‬‭in‬
‭three varieties: LEFT OUTER JOIN, RIGHT OUTER JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN.‬

‭ EFT‬ ‭OUTER‬ ‭JOIN‬ ‭returns‬ ‭all‬ ‭records‬ ‭from‬‭the‬‭left‬‭table‬‭and‬‭matching‬‭records‬‭from‬‭the‬


L
‭right table, or NULL if no match is found in the right table.‬

‭ IGHT‬ ‭OUTER‬ ‭JOIN‬ ‭returns‬ ‭all‬ ‭records‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭right‬ ‭table‬ ‭and‬ ‭matching‬ ‭records‬‭from‬
R
‭the left table, or NULL if no match is found in‬
‭ ULL‬ ‭OUTER‬ ‭JOIN‬ ‭:‬ ‭returns‬ ‭a‬‭result‬‭set‬‭that‬‭includes‬‭all‬‭rows‬‭from‬‭both‬‭tables‬‭being‬‭joined,‬
F
‭regardless‬ ‭of‬ ‭whether‬ ‭there‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭matching‬‭row‬‭in‬‭the‬‭other‬‭table.‬‭If‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬‭match‬‭for‬‭a‬‭row‬
‭from‬ ‭one‬ ‭table‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬‭other‬‭table,‬‭the‬‭columns‬‭from‬‭the‬‭non-matching‬‭table‬‭will‬‭contain‬‭NULL‬
‭values‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭result‬ ‭set.‬‭The‬‭FULL‬‭OUTER‬‭JOIN‬‭ensures‬‭that‬‭no‬‭data‬‭is‬‭lost‬‭from‬‭either‬‭table,‬
‭making‬ ‭it‬ ‭useful‬ ‭for‬ ‭scenarios‬ ‭where‬ ‭you‬ ‭need‬ ‭to‬ ‭include‬ ‭all‬ ‭records‬ ‭from‬ ‭both‬ ‭tables,‬‭even‬‭if‬
‭they don't have matching values in the join condition.‬

‭Conclusion:‬
I‭ n‬ ‭this‬ ‭experiment,‬ ‭we‬ ‭explored‬ ‭different‬ ‭types‬ ‭of‬ ‭SQL‬ ‭joins‬ ‭using‬ ‭the‬ ‭DVD‬ ‭Rental‬
‭Database.‬ ‭Through‬ ‭various‬ ‭join‬ ‭operations‬ ‭like‬ ‭INNER,‬‭LEFT‬‭OUTER,‬‭RIGHTOUTER,‬
‭FULL‬ ‭OUTER,‬ ‭and‬ ‭CROSS‬ ‭joins,‬ ‭we‬ ‭learned‬‭how‬‭to‬‭combine‬‭data‬‭from‬‭multiple‬‭tables‬
‭efficiently.‬ ‭This‬ ‭exercise‬ ‭provided‬ ‭valuable‬ ‭insights‬ ‭into‬ ‭relational‬ ‭database‬ ‭querying,‬
‭highlighting‬ ‭the‬ ‭importance‬ ‭of‬ ‭understanding‬ ‭join‬ ‭types‬ ‭for‬ ‭effective‬ ‭data‬ ‭retrieval‬ ‭and‬
‭analysis.‬

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