Subject Name :-Cloud Computing

Subject Code :- KCS 713

Unit No. :- 3
Lecture No. :- 1
Topic Name :- Cloud Layered Architecture
Contents
Cloud Computing Architecture
Front End
Back End
Stack of Services
Architectural Layers Cloud Computing
Multi-Tenancy
SOA and Cloud Computing
Important Questions
References
Cloud Computing
Architecture
• Cloud Computing architecture comprises of many cloud components, which are loosely coupled. We can broadly
divide the cloud architecture into two parts:
• Front End
• Back End

• Each of the ends is connected through a network, usually Internet. The following diagram shows the graphical
view of cloud computing architecture:
Front End: - The front end refers to the
client part of cloud computing system. It
consists of interfaces and applications
that are required to access the cloud
computing platforms, Example - Web
Browser.

Back End:-The back End refers to the

cloud itself. It consists of all the
resources required to provide cloud
computing services. It comprises of huge
data storage, virtual machines, security
mechanism, services, deployment
models, servers, etc.
Cloud is a pool of virtualized computer resources
networked, which can:
• Host a variety of workloads.
• Batch-style back-end jobs.
• Interactive user-facing applications.
• Workloads can be deployed and scaled out quickly through the rapid
provisioning of virtual machines or physical machines.
• Support redundant, self recovering, highly scalable programming models that
allow workloads to recover from many unavoidable hardware / software
failures.
• Monitor resource use in real time to enable rebalancing of allocations when
needed
Cloud Computing Stack of Services
Cloud Clients

Cloud Applications

Cloud Services

Cloud Platform Cloud Storage

Cloud Infrastructure
Distributed Multi-site Physical
Infrastructure
enabled by server virtualization
Architectural Layers Cloud
Computing
In the cloud computing stack, there are three basic
SaaS
Layers that together create cloud environment. They are:
PaaS
1.Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
IaaS
2.Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3.Software as a Service (SaaS)
Framework of cloud computing
Applicatio Services and built in
n functionality

Developments tools
Platform
Basic middleware
(database services , application server
Virtualized resources
Virtualized
Compute Networking images
Image
Infrastructure Metadata
Storage Imag
e
Software kernel (OS. VM
Manager)

Hardware
Virtual infrastructure management and Cloud Computing
• For building the cloud environment a variety of requirements must be met to
provide a uniform and homogeneous view of the virtualized resources.
• Virtual Infrastructure Management is the key component to build the cloud
environment which does the dynamic orchestration of virtual machines on a pool
of physical resources.
• Virtual infrastructure management provide primitives to schedule and manage
VMs across multiple physical hosts.
• Cloud management provide remote and secure interface for creating controlling
and monitoring virtualized resources on IaaS
View of Cloud
Deployment
Software as a Service

It is a Deployment/Delivery model
• Hosted and managed by vendor
• Delivered across the internet

It is a Business Model : usage-based pricing(vs. perpetual license model of on

–premise software).Examples:

• Per user per month

• Per transaction
• Per GB of storage per month
Software as a Service

Architectural Functional
• Multi-tenancy • Provisioning
• Scalability • Billing
• Security • Metering
• Performance • Monitoring
MULTI-TENANCY
• Multi-tenancy is an architectural pattern
• A single instance of the software is run on the service provider’s
infrastructure
• Multiple tenants access the same instance.
• In contrast to the multi-user model, multi-tenancy requires customizing
the single instance according to the multi-faceted requirements of
many tenants.
A Multi-tenants application lets customers (tenants) share the
same hardware resources, by offering them one shared application and database
instance ,while allowing them to configure the application to fit there needs as if it
runs on dedicated environment.

These definition focus on what we believe to be the key aspects of multi tenancy:
1.The ability of the applicationto share hardware resources.
2.The offering of a high degree of configurability of the software.
3.The architectural approach in which the tenants make use of a single application
and database instance.
Multi-tenants Deployment Modes for
Application Server
Application Server
Fully isolated Application server
Tenant A
Each tenant accesses an application
server running on a dedicated servers. Application server
Tenant B
Application server Virtual
Virtualized Application Server
Each tenant accesses a dedicated Tenant A machine

application running on a separate Virtual

Tenant B machine
virtual machine.
Application server
Shared Virtual Server
Each tenant accesses a dedicated Tenant A Virtual
application server running on a shared machin
virtual machine. Tenant B e
Shared Application Server
Session thread
The tenant shared the application server Tenant A

and access application resources through Application Server

separate session or threads. Tenant B

Session Thread
Multi-tenants Deployment Modes in Data Centers
• Fully isolated data center
The tenants do not share any data Tenant A
center resources
Tenant B
• Virtualized servers Virtual
Database
Tenant A Machin
The tenants share the same
host but access different e
databases running on separate Virtual Database
virtual machines Tenant B
Machine

• Shared Server
The tenants share the same
server (Hostname or IP) Tenant A

but access different databases

Tenant B
• Shared Database
The tenants share the same Tenant A
server and database (shared or
different ports) but access
Tenant B
different schema(tables)
• Shared Schema
The tenants share the same Tenant A
server, database and schema
(tables). The irrespective data is
segregated by key and rows. Tenant B
Migrating to Cloud Environment
• The Software can be redeployed in cloud environment as Software as a Service
(SaaS). The main sections of the software can be mapped to the SaaS
architecture.

Payroll Processing in Cloud

• Computing
Many State Government departments are utilizing standardized set up of payroll
packages which are deployed at user locations and it is amounting huge investment
on procurement of hardware and software and maintenance for various locations of
the organization.
Drawbacks

• Software Maintenance problems.

• Individual Hardware is required.
• Often Data Loss occurs.
• Migrating the payroll package, to cloud environment can be
worked out without changing business logic.
IN CLOUD

User-
1

Softwar
e Single Instance
Module Multi-tenancy

User- User-
1 3
Architectural Overview for
Multi-tenancy
Client

Authentication

t
Reques
HTTP
Ticket
Create Ticket()
Authentication Server
Session Ticket
Module Tenant Token Tenant
+ Create Ticket() Auth
Data
Configuratio
n
Layout Component
Single-tena
Configuration Component Tenan
nt business t
File I/O Component
logic Config
Workflow Component Data
Query

Databas
Query Adjuster e Balancer
Load Record Initializer

Database
Pool
Dat Dat Dat
a a a
Provisioning for new tenants
•For Separate server model new machine is to be installed.
•For separate database model create a database start it on a server.
• For separate schema and shared schema models scripts / stored procedure could
create new schema in one of the existing databases.
Background of the Application
The existing application, which is implemented in state government departments, is
having the following main sections:

• Data admin
• Master data entry
• Month process
• Token no. entry
• Reports
• Back up to system

The existing package is deployed in the user premises and found difficult in regular
software maintenance and overhead costs for the infrastructure requirements.
The application is ideally suited to deploy in cloud environment with
following features:
• The application can be taken up as a single instance and multi- tenant model
• Configurability option in the software is required to be provided. Configurability in
SaaS enables the flexibility to access the software by many tenants with the option of
configuring each tenant for their application needs.
• The software will have configurability for the following :
1.User interface.
2.Workflow.
3.Data.
4.Access control.
SOA and Cloud Computing
• In cloud environment we adopt the bundling of resources into layers of:
• Saas
• Paas
• Iaas

• And furthur add a layer for business process management with the concept

of service oriented architecture(SOA).

• SOA is a base for furthur building of cloud environment for composite application
with work flow concepts.
SERVICE ORIENTED COMPUTING
ELEMENTS RELATIONS

service-oriented computing platform

revolves around
service-orientation design paradigm
and its relationship with
service-oriented architecture
Important Questions

1. How does cloud architecture overcome the difficulties faced by traditional architecture?
2. What are the three differences that separate out cloud architecture from the tradition one?
3. What are the advantages of cloud architecture?
4. hat are the examples of cloud architectures on which application can run?
5. What are the different components required by cloud architecture?
References
❑ Dan C Marinescu: “ Cloud Computing Theory and Practice.” Elsevier(MK) 2013.
❑ RajkumarBuyya, James Broberg, Andrzej Goscinski: “Cloud Computing Principles and
Paradigms”, Willey 2014.

❑ Kai Hwang, Geoffrey C Fox and Jack J Dongarra, “Distributed and cloud computing”, Elsevier(MK)
2012.
❑ John W Ritting house, James F Ransome: “Cloud Computing Implementation, Management and
Security”, CRC Press 2013.