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Chem Project

The document describes two experiments to study the rate of evaporation of different liquids and the effect of air currents on evaporation rate. The first experiment compares the evaporation rates of water, acetone and diethyl ether and finds that diethyl ether evaporates the fastest due to weaker intermolecular forces. The second experiment shows that evaporation is faster under an air current due to increased flow of air carrying away vapor molecules.

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rranganath305
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28 views21 pages

Chem Project

The document describes two experiments to study the rate of evaporation of different liquids and the effect of air currents on evaporation rate. The first experiment compares the evaporation rates of water, acetone and diethyl ether and finds that diethyl ether evaporates the fastest due to weaker intermolecular forces. The second experiment shows that evaporation is faster under an air current due to increased flow of air carrying away vapor molecules.

Uploaded by

rranganath305
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NS

SN MEM
M MOORIA
AL SSEN
NIORR
SECCON
NDA
ARYY SCHOOOL
CHEM
C MISTRY INVE
I ESTIG GATO ORY
PRO
OJEC
CT 20223-20024

TO ST
TUDY TO
T RA
ATE OF
F EVAP
PORAT
TION
OF DIFFE
D RENT LIQUIID.

SUBM
MITTED
D BY :
CLAS
SS: XI-C
C :
ROLL
L NO. :

1|Page
NSN
N ME
EMO
ORIA
AL SENIIOR
SE
ECON
NDA
ARY SCH
HOOOL
I extend
e my
m hearrty thank
ks to M
Mrs. Bhu
uvanesw
wari myy
cheemistry
y mento
or, who guidedd me to the succcessfull
com
mpletio
on of this dissertation. I takke thiss
opportuniity to thank my
m teaccher forr her vvaluablee
gu
uidance, consttant en
ncouraggement,, consttructivee
feeedback and immers
i ive mootivatioon which hass
susstained my effo
ort at alll stagess of thiss projectt.

Naame of the
t stud
dent :
Ro
oll numb
ber :
Sig
gnature :

2|Page
S. No. CONTENTS Page
No.
1 Objective 4
2 Introduction 5
3 Exp-1 : To compare the rates of 10
evaporation of water, acetone and
diethyl ether
3.1 Requirements 11
3.2 Procedure 13
3.3 Observation 14
3.4 Result and Conclusion 15
4 Exp-2 : To study the effect of air 16
currents on the rate of evaporation
4.1 Requirements 17
4.2 Procedure 18
4.3 Observation 19
4.4 Conclusion 20
5 Bibiliography 21

3|Page
OBJECTIVE

To study to rate of evaporation of


different liquid.

4|Page
INTRODUCTION

When a liquid is placed in an open vessel, it slowly


escapes into gas phase, eventually leaving the vessel
empty. This phenomenon is known as Evaporation.
Evaporation of liquids can be explained in terms of
kinetic molecular model. Although there are strong
intermolecular attractive forces which hold molecules of a
liquid together, the molecules having sufficient kinetic
energy can escape into gas phase if such molecules
happen to come near the surface. In a sample of liquid all
the molecules do not have same kinetic energy. There is a
small fraction of molecules which have enough kinetic
energy to overcome the attractive forces and escape into
gas phase. Fig.1 below shows typical energy distribution
for molecules of a liquid. If E corresponds to the
minimum kinetic energy required to overcome attractive
forces and escape, then the shaded area in the graph

5|Page
represents the molecules which have enough energy to
overcome the attractive forces and can undergo
evaporation.

Evaporation causes cooling. This is due to the reason that


the molecules which undergo evaporation are high energy
molecules, therefore the kinetic energy of the molecules
which are left behind is less. Since the remaining
molecules have lower average kinetic energy therefore,
temperature must be lower. If the temperature is kept
constant the remaining liquid will have the same
distribution of molecular kinetic energies and the high
energy molecules will keep on escaping from the liquid
into the gas phase. If the liquid is taken in an open vessel,
evaporation will continue until whole of the liquid
evaporates.

6|Page
Fig.1. Energy distribution at different tempetatures

Factors that Affect the Rate of Evaporation :

Various factors that change the rate of evaporation are:

(a) Nature of liquid. The magnitude of intermolecular


forces of attraction in the liquid determine to a large
extent the speed of evaporation; weaker the
intermolecular forces of attraction larger is the extent of

7|Page
vaporisation. For example, diethyl ether evaporates more
readily than propyl alcohol.

(b) Temperature. The rate of evaporation varies directly


with temperature. Increasing the tem- perature also
increases the fraction of molecules having sufficient
kinetic energy to escape from the surface. This results in
increased rate of evaporation.

See Fig1 to understand graphic representation of effect of


temperature on evaporation.

(c) Surface area of the liquid. Molecules that escape the


surface of liquid constitute evaporation. Therefore, larger
surface area contributes in accelerating evaporation.

d) The composition of the environment. The rate of


evaporation depends upon the flow of air-currents over

8|Page
the surface of the liquid. Air current flowing over the
surface of the liquid carries away the molecules of the
substance in the vapour state, thereby preventing conden-
sation and favouring evaporation.

9|Page
EXP‐1 : To compare the
rates of evaporation of
water , acetone and
diethyl ether

10 | P a g e
REQUIREMENTS

Three weighing bottles

10 ml pipettes

11 | P a g e
Stop
p Watchh

Weigh
hing Maachine

12 | P a g e
PROCEDURE
1. Clean and dry three weighing bottles. Identify them as
A, B and C.

2. Pipette out 10 ml of water to bottle A with stopper.

3. Pipette out 10 ml of acetone and diethyl ether in each


of bottles B and C respectively.

4. Weigh each of the bottles and record their weights.

5. Remove the stoppers from all the three bottles and start
the stop watch.

6. Let the bottles remain exposed for 30 minutes. Now


cover each of the bottle and weigh them again.

13 | P a g e
OBSERVATIONS

Weig Liquid Initial Final mass Mass of the Rate of


hing taken mass of of bottle + liquid evaporat
bottle bottle liquid evaporated ion (W1-
mark +liquid after 10 (W1-W2) W2/600s)
taken( minutes ml/s
W1)ml (W2)ml
A Water 10 2 8 0.0133
B Acetone 10 3 7 0.0116
C Diethyl 10 4 6 0.010
ether

14 | P a g e
RESULT AND CONCLUSION

The rates of evaporation of the given three liquids is in


the order,
Diethyl ether > Acetone > Water
The liquid having weaker intermolecular forces has
greater rate of evaporation.

15 | P a g e
EXP‐2 : To study the
effect of air current on
the rate of evaporation.

16 | P a g e
REQ
QUIR
REM
MENT
TS

Two petridis
p hes

Acetone
A

17 | P a g e
PROCEDURE
1. Pour 10 ml of acetone in each of the two petridishes of
the same size.

2. Keep one dish in a place where there is no fan and the


other under a fan. Start the stop watch and note the time
for the complete evaporation of acetone in both the
dishes.

18 | P a g e
OBSERVATION

Petridish mark Conditions Time taken for


complete
evaporation
A With fan 40
B Without fan 50

For 10 ml of acetone with the presence of fan, it takes 40


seconds and in without the presence of fan, it takes 50
seconds.

19 | P a g e
CONCLUSION
The observations clearly indicate that liquid under the fan
evaporates faster. This shows that the rate of evaporation
increases with the flow of air current on the surface of the
liquid.

20 | P a g e
BIBILIOGRAPHY
1. https://www.wikipedia.org.
2. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry.
3. https://byjus.com/chemistry/factors-affecting-rate-of-
evaporation/.
4. https://www.toppr.com.

21 | P a g e

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