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ENGLISH
Self-Learning Module
English- Grade 8
Quarter 3– Module 6 (Week 8): Parallel Structures
First Edition, 2020

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effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Roxanne Asuncion- Constantino
Editors: Pacita L. Corpuz, Jewienson Lloyd Padaong, Romanita A. Raquel
Reviewers: Ritchelle B. Dejolde, Eliza Milagros A. Rivera, Kathleen A. Fandag
Illustrator: John Jufel V. Simpliciano
Layout Artist: John Jufel Simpliciano
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz, Joye D. Madalipay, Jenetrix T. Tumaneng,
Ritchelle B. Dejolde

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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English 8
Quarter 3 – Module 6 (Week 8):

Parallel Structures

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Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English 8 Module on Parallel Structures. This module was

collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public schools to assist
you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Note to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you
in guiding the learners

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the English 8 Module on Parallel Structures. This module was designed
to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at
your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies
Know you are expected to learn in the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check what you

What I Know
already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current

What’s In
lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in

What’s New
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This

What It Is
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts
and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice to

What’s More
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You
may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I have This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be

Learned filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will help you

What I Can Do
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery

Assessment
in achieving the learning competency.

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Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to you to
Activities enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

This contains answers to all activities in the module.

Answer Key

At the end of this module you will also find:

This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

References

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you master the skills in writing sentences
using parallel structures to achieve clarity and brevity. As you go along with this module, you
will do activities creatively done by your teacher to sharpen the skill mentioned above.

Hence, you are expected to develop your knowledge and skill in writing sentences
with the correct parallel structure to achieve clarity and brevity.

The most essential learning competency covered in this module is using parallel
structures, EN8G-Ia-7.

Objectives:

As a learner of this module, you are expected to:

1. recognize sentences that observe parallelism;

2. improve faulty sentences; and,
3. use parallel structures in writing.

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What I Know
What I Know

In your journey as a learner, have you encountered parallelism or parallel structures?

The activity that follows will serve as a pre-test to determine your knowledge about it.

Complete each statement by observing correct parallel structure. Write the letter of your
answer on a clean sheet of paper.

1. When Bella knew that her mother had cooked adobo for dinner, she _____________
her stomach, claimed to feel sick, and excused herself from the table.
A. clutches C. did clutch
B. clutched D. was clutching

2. Not only did Jazzy despise the way Chester chewed with his mouth open, but
_______________ finding his wet towels all over the floor.
A. disliked C. he also disliked
B. also disliked D. he is also disliking

3. To help her parents, Yanna will wash the clothes, do the dishes, and ____________ the
floor.
A. scrub C. scrubbing
B. scrubbed D. to scrub

4. In preparation for her run, Dianne ______________ her shoelaces, applied sunblock,
and increased the volume on her iPhone.
A. tightens C. did tighten
B. tightened D. was tightening

5. Shaya was expecting a visit from her cousins, so she spent the day cleaning the
refrigerator, changing the pillow cases, and ______________ dog hair from the sofa
cushions.
A. removed C. to remove
B. removing D. she removed

6. Cindy saw very little of the horror movie, “The Grudge”, for she closed her eyes
_________________________, when she heard the monster's footsteps in the dead
leaves, and when characters started screaming.
A. during the music
B. because of the music
C. while listening to the music
D. when the music began to play

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7. We looked everywhere for the car keys—under the bed, ______________ the cabinet,
and in the trash can. All along, Ian had them in the front pocket of his jeans!
A. inside C. searching for them
B. opened D. our search included

8. When Therese takes her dog for a walk, Izzy enjoys watching the vehicles, and
______________ for edible garbage.
A. sniffles C. to sniffle
B. sniffling D. she sniffles

9. Jacob not only missed his one-year anniversary with Lizzy _________________ his
child’s birthday.
A. he also forgot C. but he also forgot
B. but also forgot D. but also forgetting

10. Bathing Anton, our sheltie, requires four arms to hold him in the tub, towels to wipe up
the water, and ______________________.
A. raincoats too
B. raincoats as protection
C. raincoats to keep us dry
D. raincoats which will keep us dry

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Lesson Parallel Structures
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What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned about using appropriate cohesive devices in
various types of speech. In this module, you will learn how to construct sentences with
correct parallel structures.

What’s New
Study the following sentences and pay closer attention to the italicized words and
phrases.

1. I learned to be attentive to my teachers and to do my assignment.

2. I advise you to sleep early, eat healthy food, and exercise regularly.
3. She was known for her beauty and generosity.

In each of the numbered sentences above, there are italicized words and phrases.
How are these words or phrases similar in each sentence?
They match in structure, don’t they?
We say, then, that the words or phrases in each sentence are parallel in structure.

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What It Is

Look at the illustrations below. Can you spot the ten differences?

At first glance, these two illustrations seem to look alike. But there are a few
details that they do not share. For them to be an exact version of each other, these
differences must be eliminated.

In writing, the same principle of similarity used in the above illustrations

applies. This principle is called parallelism or parallel structure. It refers to the use
of the same word or grammatical pattern, structure, or form. Observing parallelism
enhances the clarity and readability of one’s written output.

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The following are examples of common errors in parallelism and their correct
versions.

Faulty Parallelism Correct Parallelism Parallelism Rule

An article that applies to all
Last Sunday, they went to a Last Sunday, they went to a items in a series must either
zoo, movie house, and a zoo, a movie house, and a be used only for the first
museum. museum. item or repeated for every
item.
He decided to buy some He decided to buy some When presenting items in a
groceries, to see a movie, groceries, to see a movie, series, observe parallel
and visit his grandparents and to visit his grandparents structures in the use of, for
last weekend. last weekend. example, to + infinitives,
gerunds, and adverbs.
In their first out-of-town In their first out-of-town
trip, the family went to hike, trip, the family went hiking,
swimming, and canoeing. swimming, and canoeing.

They talked about the issue They talked about the issue
promptly, calmly, and with a promptly, calmly, and
lot of patience. patiently.

The parents are raising their The parents are raising their Observe parallelism when
children to be financially children to be financially using coordinating
wise and make them manage wise and to be emotionally conjunctions (for, and, nor,
their emotions well. intelligent. but, or, yet, or so).

The mother not only The mother not only

prepares her children’s prepares her children’s
packed lunch, but decorates packed lunch, but she also Observe parallelism when
their food. decorates their food. using correlative
conjunction (not only, but
Next vacation, they will Next vacation, they will also; either… or; neither…
either go orange-picking in either go orange-picking in nor; or if… then)).
Sagada or will scuba-dive in Sagada or try scuba-dive in
Palawan Palawan

When celebrating special When celebrating special

events, the family likes to events, the family likes to Observe parallelism when
travel better than dining out. travel better than to dine out. comparing elements using a
word of comparison such as
They would rather pay in They would rather pay in than and as.
cash than credit cards. cash than use credit cards.
From: English Learning Portals: Accessing Language Skills through Afro-Asian Literature

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What’s More
Practice what you have learned about parallel structures by doing the activities below.

Activity 1: Correct Me if I’m Wrong

One item in each group is not parallel to the others. Cross it out, then substitute it with an
item that is parallel with the rest of the group.
1. writing 2. beauty 3. dance gracefully
reading kind listen attentively
counting generous talk with calmness
to speak helpful answer independently

Activity 2: Complete Me

Choose the sentence fragment that best completes the sentence. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Readers are of two kinds: those who read to remember and ________________.
a. those who read to forget b. people who read to forget
2. Either you find a way or ________________.
a. you make one b. you should make one
3. Nichole’s favorite include cooking, gardening, and ________________.
a. she dances, too b. ballroom dancing
4. We know what we are, but know not ________________.
a. what we become b. what we may be
5. There is more joy in giving than ________________.
a. to receive b. in receiving
6. Live decently, eat moderately, and ________________.
a. think positively b. positive thinking
7. He is a true Filipino – in thought, in words, and ________________.
a. deed b. in deed
8. It is better to have an ugly face than to have ________________.
a. having an ugly mind b. an ugly mind
9. People do not lack strength; ________________.
a. but lack will b. they lack will
10. There is a great difference between knowing and ________________.
a. to understand b. understanding

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Activity 3: Recognize Parallel Structures
Underline the parallel structures in the following sentences. The first one is done for you.

1. Nica gets her daily exercise by walking her dog, going for a bike ride, and cleaning
her house.
2. Stress makes it difficult to maintain regular exercise, stable relationships, and healthy
diet.
3. This SLM can help you improve your writing skills, gain independence, and complete
your assignments.
4. Melda likes to eat well, to exercise vigorously, and to sleep soundly.
5. Leo walked across the street, down the alley, and through the back door of his
apartment.
6. I need to either work late tonight or go to work early tomorrow.
7. Police officers, teachers, and community leaders were all invited to the conference.
8. In class, Lian is quiet, attentive, and hard working.
9. Last weekend, Aemiel watched a couple of movies, read a book, and went to a
concert.
10. Mr. Cuevas reads mysteries, listens to classical music, and watches documentaries.

What I have Learned

Let us sum up what you have learned in this lesson by completing the statements.

After doing the different activities, I learned that _________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

I can deepen my understanding through ________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

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What I Can Do

In this part of the module, you will apply what you have learned from the lesson by
accomplishing the activity below. Remember to observe correct parallel structure.

1. List three things on how you will make your parents proud.

I will make my parents proud by

_____________________________, _____________________________ ,
______________________________.

2. What are the ways to prevent the spread of Coronavirus? List five ways.

The spread of Coronavirus can be prevented through

______________, ______________, ______________, ______________,
______________,

3. Enumerate three ways to finish your self-learning modules on time.

I am able to finish my self-learning modules on time by ____________,

_____________, ______________.

4. What are the desirable qualities of a young Filipino citizen?

The desirable qualities of a young Filipino citizen are _______________,

______________, ______________, ______________.

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Assessment

I. Read each sentence carefully then decide whether it contains parallel structure or not.
Write P if it is parallel and NP if it is not parallel.

1. Jeff likes jogging, swimming and to play basketball.

2. The contestants are equally beautiful, intelligent and self-confident.
3. Abandoning their houses, leaving their possessions and to stay in evacuation centers
are traumatic experiences for the typhoon victims.
4. We salute the goodness of our race and how great is our past.
5. The manager was asked to write his report quickly, correctly, and systematically.
6. Mr. Alonzo told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat
too much, and to do some warm-up exercises before the game.
7. Language enables man to communicate more accurately than he could by signs and
gestures.
8. Researchers found out that the calculator is a powerful tool for teaching and to learn.
9. We still use drying or dehydrating and cooling or refrigerating to preserve food.
10. The movie, “Wonder Woman 1984”, is interesting, and has a simple plot.

II. Rewrite and improve the following sentences to obtain effective parallelism.
11. Mrs. Galez is a lawyer, a businesswoman and she teaches.
12. I would rather stay at home than party.
13. Angelique’s family is giving away their furniture, selling their house and to move to
South Korea.
14. The students are expected to do their projects efficiently and in a quick manner.
15. You may reach me by calling, texting or you may send me an e-mail.

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Additional Activity

Copy three sentences containing parallel structures from the article below. Underline the
parallel structures.

1. ___________________________________________________.
2. ___________________________________________________.
3. ___________________________________________________.

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Answer Key

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References

BOOKS
Aranzamendez, June Abigail, Matias, Gladys, Navales, Ma. Theresa and Vallente, John Paul.
English Learning Portals: Accessing Language Skills through Afro-Asian Literature. Quezon
City: The Inteligente Publishing, Inc., 2017.

Gabriel, Josefina. Asian & African Literature and Communication Arts. Quezon City: St.
Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2015.

Gabriel, Josefina. Philippine Literature and Communication Arts. Quezon City: St.
Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2015.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
“Grammar Bytes.” 2019. https://chompchomp.com/handouts/structure03.pdf

Blanco, Jose. “Parallelism.” Grammar Worksheets, 2020. http://www.grammar-

worksheets.com/worksheets/parallelism.php

“Parallel Structure.” Grammar Grounds Grammar Education, 2020.

http://www.grammargrounds.com/parallel-structure-practice-quiz.html

“Parallel Structure.” Purdue Online Writing Lab, 2020.

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/parallel_structure.html

“Find the differences: At the Library.” Education.com, 2020.

https://www.education.com/worksheet/article/find-the-differences-4/

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte – Curriculum Implementation Division

Learning Resource Management Section (SDOIN-CID LRMS)

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: [email protected]

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * 20

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