Slice and Dice Opera p Be Seite ists to perlbink cise i slice and dice operations on data cubes, Slicing involves selecti ©s selecting a subset of data along one F more di along one or more dimensions ( ales data for a specific region : Sion and time period), while dicing involves analyzing data from different Perspectives by applying filters or conditions ie Analysis: OLAP facilitates trend analy aitferent time periods. entify it LF srowality patterns, and anomalies, and ake date-dciven is by allowing users to compare data acre decisions based on histe al performance. What-If Ana f Analysis: OLAP tools Support what-if analysis, where users can create hypothetical scenarios by changing : } by changing input parameters or assumptions and analyze the potential impact on key performance indie: c fe perormance indicators (KPIs). This helps in evaluating different business strategies and making informed decisions. Interactive Dashboards and Reports: OLAP-based BI solutions often include interactive dashboards and reports that provide visually appealing representations of data, such as charts ics. Users can customize dashboards. drill down into details, and raphs, and KPI met interactively explore data for insights ation processes, allow data warehouses, and Data Integration: OLAP works seamlessly with data inte organizations to integrate data from multiple sources such as databas external systems into OLAP cubes for unified analysis and reporting. olutions integrate predictive analytics and scenario planning Predictive Analytics Integration: Some advanced OLAP s capabilities, enabling users to perform predictive modeling, forecasting directly within the OLAP environment.DimProduct DimsalesTecritory FoctResllersales Dimoate DimEmployee DimReseler Role of OLAP in Business Intelligence: OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) ph enabling users fo perform multidimensional analysis of data. Here are the key roles and benefits of OLAP in business intelligence: nce (BI) by sa crucial role in business intelli Multidimensional Analysis: OLAP allows users to analyze data from multiple perspectives or dimensions simultaneously. For example, in sales analysis, users can analyze sales data by time (e.g., monthly, quarterly), product categories, geographical regions, customer segments, and more, This multidimensional analysis provides a comprehensive view of data relationships and trends. Aggregation and Drill-Down: OLAP tools support aggregation and drill-down capabilities, allowing users to roll up data to higher levels of summarization (¢.g., total sales for a year) or drill down to detailed levels (e.g., sales by day or by product). This flexibility helps in explori data at different levels of granularity OLAP databases are optimized for fast query performance, especially volumes of data and multiple dimensions. This Fast Query Performanes for complex analytical queries involving lai enables users to retrieve and analyze data quickly, even when dealing with massive datasets.branch location Fact constellation: Sophisticated applications may multiple fact tables kind of schema ean be viewed as a collection of stars, and require to share dimension tables. TI hence is called a galaxy schema or a fact constellation mature modeling approach widely adopted by relational data Star schema is a warehouses. It requires modelers to classify their model tables as either dimension ot fact Dimension tables describe business entities—the things you model. Entities can include products, people, places. and concepts including time itself. The most consistent table you'll find in a star schema is a date dimension table. A dimension table contains a key column (or columns) that acts as a unique identifier, and descriptive columns. A star schema is a database organizational structure optimized for use in a data warehouse or business intelligence that uses a single large fact table to store transactional or measured data, and one or more smaller dimensional tables that store attributes about the data. It is called a star schema because the fact table sits at the center of the logical diagram, and the small dimensional tables branch off to form the points of the star_ | data, with no redundancy one for each dimey i dimension tables displayed in and 2) 2) a set of Her attendant tables (ad Eraph resembles a starburst, with the dimension around the central fact table. The schema @ radial pattern + Sales are nsidered contains a central f alon along four dimen act table f time, item, branch, and location. The sche for sales that cor with two measur ‘al contains keys to each of the four dimension’ table, dimensin es Sold and units_sold. To minimize the size of the fact identifiers, (eg. time_key and item_key) are system-generated time sales item re . vsion tak location branch Dimension table \, Dimension table Snowflake schema: The snowflake schema is a variant of the star schema model, where some dimension tables are normalized. thereby further splitting the data into additional tables. The resulting schema graph forms a shape similar to a snowflake * The major difference between the snowflake and. star schema models is that the dimension tables of the snowflake model may be kept in normalized form to reduce redundancies.Star Schema Example PRODUCT | i is PERIOD L ES [ Periss_Code Siore_Coe y | | Jelepno Yea Units_Sold Telephc Quarter Dallars_Sold [_Managet Non Day * In data warehousing, there is a distinction between a data warehouse and a data mart. A data warehouse collects information about subjects that span the entire organization, such as customers, items, sales, assets, and personnel, and thus its scope is enterprise-wide ‘or data warehouses, the fact constellation schema is commonly used, since it can model multiple, interrelated subjects. A data mart, on the other hand, is a department subset of the data warehouse that focuses on selected subjects, and thus its scope is department- wide. For data marts, the sfar or snowflake schema is commonly used, since both are although the star schema is more popular and geared toward modeling single subjects, efficient. * The entity-relationship data model is commonly used in the design of relational databases, where a database schema consists of a set of entities and the relationships between them. Such a data model is appropriate for online transaction processing, A data Warehouse, however, requires a concise. subject-oriented schema that facilitates online data analysis. The most popular data model for a data warehouse is a multidimensional model, which can exist in the form of astar schema, a snowflake schema, or a fact co stellation schema. Star schema: The most common modeling paradigm is the star schema, in which the data Warehouse contains (1) a large central table (fact table ) containing the bulk of theThe Multi-Dimensional Model “Sales by product line over the past six months” “Sales by store between 1990 and 1995” Store info alls Key columns joining fact table, a) Measures to dimension tables Numerical Measures Prad Codd Time Cx dp Sales Qh Fact table for Product info fee a pabtodict Io.3} sasures aa Dimension tables ee Time Info