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MIS Linx Intro

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27 views14 pages

MIS Linx Intro

Uploaded by

erica jayasundera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Understanding GNU/Linux

Understanding GNU/Linux

 Why GNU/Linux not Linux? What is GNU?


 What is a GNU/Linux distribution?
 GNU/Linux architecture – kernel, shell,
applications
 Where you can install GNU/Linux?
 Where we can find software for GNU/Linux?
 Where is GNU/Linux documentation?
 man
 /usr/share/doc/*
Understanding GNU/Linux
 GNU/Linux concepts
 Everything is GNU/Linux is a file
 Case sensitive
 CLI is your ultimate weapon
 Best practices
 Don't use space character as a word seperator for
files. Use '_' instead.
 Don't spoil GNU/Linux directory structure
CLI – Command Line Interface

 $
 #
 ls
 tail
 head
 rm
 mkdir
 You have been given a text file having a list of
10 directory names to be created. Suggest a
solution?
 for name in `cat abc.txt`; do mkdir $name; done
CLI – Command Line Interface

 mv
 cp
 find
 >
 >>
 |
Partition Geometry

 fdisk – Partition table reader and manipulator


 mount – Disk mount information and
management
 df – Filesystem disk space usage
 du – File space usages estimator
 fstab – Partition mount instructions
GNU/Linux Directory Structure
Why need partitions?

 /var – This is where the variable data goes


such as mail files, log files, database files, etc.
What happens, if for some reason, a log file
grows exponentially and eat up all the available
disk space?
 /tmp – This is where all the temporary data files
stored by applications. Obviously, this place is
accessible for every user. What happens if a
malicious user run a bad script to fill up the
whole /tmp and you don't have a separate /tmp
partition?
Why need partitions?

 /home – This is where the users home


directories goes. What if a user fills up his own
home directory with the intention of doing an
DoS attack? It is just a matter of running a
simple script. For example:
#!/bin/bash
man ls > $(mktemp)
$0
Using fstab to impose restrictions

 auto/noauto
 dev/nodev
 exec/noexec
 ro/rw
 acl
 quota
 Mounting a partiton read-only:
mount -o remount, ro <mount point>
Introduction to 'vim'

 Creat a file
 Editing a file
 Saving a file
 Navigating a file
 Syntax highlighting
 Copying content within a file
 Deleting content within a file
 Opening multiple files
 Searching a file
User and Group Management

 /etc/passwd
 /etc/group
 /etc/shadow
 /etc/sudoers
 Format: usernames/group servername =
(usernames command can be run as) command
 How to add a user?
 How to add a group?
 How to change passwords?
Finding useful user information

 whoami
 who
 last, last <user>
 groups
 lsof -u
 Shell command history
Process identification and review

 ps -aux
 pstree
 ps -u <username>
 ps -ef |grep <process name>
 ps -u <username>
 Use the man page and -o parameter with its
valuse to generate process information
 /proc

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