MUSLIM

ARCHITECTURE

History of Architecture 04 -
LECTURE
COURSE OUTLINE
1. Pre-Historic Architecture: Early Philippine Shelter
2. Pre-colonial Architecture – Austronesian Ancestry
3. Philippine Islamic Architecture – Muslim Space
4. Spanish Colonial Architecture
5. US - Americal Colonial Architecture
6. Post Colonial Modernism
7. Late Twentieth Century
8. The New Millennium
MUSLIM SPACE
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
ISLAM IN THE PHILIPPINES
•The earliest evidence of Muslim presence was in Sulu during the 14th century
•Islam was establish to the rest of Mindanao during 15th Century
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
ISLAM IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Religion Congregational Worship
•Permanent and Separate Architecture
•“Twahid” means Unity of Allah
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE

•Five Pillars (pattern of a quincunx)

•Architecturally derived from early Christian Churches
•Two Types
•Masjid
•Langgal (Tausug and Yakan) & Ranggar (Maranao)
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE
•Chinese Pagoda and Japanese Temple Inspired
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE

• Pagoda-style Mosque - used by Muslims throughout Islamic areas in the

Philippines prior to the importation of the Arabian-style mosque architecture.
•These mosques have eight, five, or three tiers
•Pathways to heaven..
•The pagoda-style mosque building is currently an
endangered art form in the Philippines,
as most mosques are now built in the
Domed/Arabian- style.
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE

There is a dearth knowledge regarding the evolution of mosque typology in the

Philippines.

1.Much of the earliest types of mosques constructed by early missionaries were

made of temporary materials like wood, bamboo, and cogon which do not last
for years
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE

2.The remaining earlier types were either demolished, destroyed during

earthquakes, or were reconstructed /remodeled to conform to modern
architectural types sourced from Middle- Easter designs
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE

3.The yearly pilgrimage to Mecca radically changed all earliest types

PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE

Crescent and Star Ornament

•Information on the origins of the symbol are difficult to
confirm, but most sources agree that these ancient
celestial symbols were in use by the peoples of Central
Asia and Siberia in their
worship of the sun, moon and sky gods.
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE – FEATURES

OKIR CARVING and BURAK (a mythical

winged creature, half-human, half-horse)
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE
Sheik Karimol Makhdum Mosque

•Oldest mosque in the Philippines

•Barangay Tubig Indangan, Simunul,
Tawi- Tawi
•Built on 1380
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE
Sheik Karimol Makhdum Mosque

•Square in Plan
•Undergone lot of Construction
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE
Masjid Al-Dahab or Golden Mosque

•Modernized Style of Mosque

•Built on 1976
•Maranao Okir Patterns
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE - Masjid

•Place of Worship
•Bulbous Dome – vault of heaven
•Minaret
•Ablution Area or Wudu
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE - Masjid

•Large and Permanent Construction

•Stone Foundation
•Near bodies of Water where the faithful perform
rituals of ablution
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE - Masjid

•Originally a multi-tiered bamboo

•To accommodate light and air
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE -– Langgal / Ranggar

•Smaller Place of Worship

•Light and Semi Permanent
•Rural Areas
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE -– Langgal / Ranggar
•These are the oldest form of mosque in the
Philippines.
PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE
PHILIPPINE MOSQUE -– Langgal / Ranggar
•The langgal/ranggar-style mosques are still being built and used in Islamic areas
in the Philippines, especially in rural areas.
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Forts and Royal Residence
•Early Filipinos constructed forts or KOTA
•A fortified settlement bordered by a palisade,
which series of long strong timber stakes
pointed at the top and set close to each other to
form a defense wall

Mindanao
Sulu Archipelago Manila

Examples:
•Kota of Raja Sulayman in Manila
•Kota of Sultan Kudarat in Lamitan
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao and Sulu Vernacular Houses

•Distinct archipelagic features of Sulu and

the Mindanao
•Terrestrial and Naval Architecture
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
3 House Categories of Muslim Community

1.Land Based Stilted Dwellings – Situated along shoreline

2.Oceanic Dwellings – built completely over the sea and entirely detached from
shoreline
3.Houseboats – serves as both home and fishing boat of Badjao
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

MARANAO
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

Maranao Houses

•“People of the Lake”

•The largest indigenous group in Mindanao
•Three types of Maranao House
•Lawig - Small House
•Mala-a-walai – Large House
•Torogan – Residence of Datu and his
extended family
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – LAWIG

•Small House
•Raised above grounds with stilts
•Outdoor cooking area
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – LAWIG

•Mainly used for sleeping

•Usually single family unit dwelling
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – Mala-a-walai

•Mala–a-walai is a single room and

partitionless structure
•A house of a well-to-do family.
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – Mala-a-walai

•The okir decorations are

generally to be found on the
baseboards, windowsills and
doorjambs.

•without Panolong
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – Mala-a-walai

•House for Sultans & Datus

•arranged in a line along the river

•Multi-family dwelling
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN

Torogan structural integrity

•Post numbering to as many as 25,
22 load bearing 3 non-bearings.

•To assess the strength and

Resilience, it is tradition to have TWO
CARABAO
FIGHT INSIDE THE STRUCTURE.
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN

•Panolong is the noticeable

feature of Torogan

•Richly carved and colourful end-

beam design that flares upward
into sculptured wings
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN

•Panolong is the noticeable

feature of Torogan

•Richly carved and colourful end-

beam design that flares upward
into sculptured wings
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN

Panolong

•The Naga are the Sea

Serpent/Dragon
•Pako Rabong are Growing Fern
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN

Panolong
•The Naga are the Sea
Serpent/Dragon
•Pako Rabong are Growing Fern
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN

Panolong
The Naga and Pako Rabong are
alternately placed on the section
of the house to symbolically
capture the sun’s energy
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN
Interior
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN
Interior
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Interior
special featues/ ornaments
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Interior
special featues/ ornaments
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Interior
special featues/ ornaments
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Interior
•Gibon/Paga – Room for Datu’s Daughter
•Lamin or tower built a top the house hiding the sultan’s
daughter
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

MAGUINDANAO
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maguindanao Houses
•Close Resemblance to Maranao Dwellings
•One Room House without partition and ceiling
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Maguindanao Houses

Maguindanao Houses
•Nine Posts
•Okir Decorations, steep and
graceful roofs
•Handcrafted ornaments
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
TAUSUG
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Tausug Houses

•Tausug means “people of the

current/taong dagat or alon”
•Second largest group of Muslim
Filipinos and Foremost
indigenous people in Sulu
archipelago
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG

•BAY SINUG – Traditional

Tausug House
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG

•BAY SINUG – Traditional

Tausug House
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG

•Made of Nine post symbolized the human

body.
•They believe should built it as if a person were
being formed.
•If you don’t follow the proper order in
assembling the posts, it is believed that the
house will not last.
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG

•Made of Nine post symbolized the human

body.
•They believe should built it as if a person were
being formed.
•If you don’t follow the proper order in
assembling the posts, it is believed that the
house will not last.
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG

Wall slits as windows to conceal their

unmarried woman inside
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG

Wall slits as windows to conceal

their
unmarried woman inside
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG

Wall slits as windows to conceal

their
unmarried woman inside
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

YAKAN
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Yakan Houses

•Yakans live in the

mountainous interior of
Basilan island
•Houses individually owned
and occupied by one family.
•Clustered around langgal
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Yakan Houses – LUMAH

•Lumah - Traditional Yakan

House
•Rectangular, rdiged roofed,
single room pile structure of
varying size
and elevation from the
ground.
•50-100 SQM
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Yakan Houses – LUMAH

•No ceilings and few or no

windows because of belief
that the bad spirits could Often only
one

easily in through those

TINDAWA
N(window)
beside the
openings. long bench
for guest
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Yakan Houses – LUMAH

•Walls are made in

horizontally positioned
wooden planks
•Or Sawali
•Lumah can last up to 15
years
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Yakan Houses – LUMAH

•“kokan/tindakan”,main
house w/ rituals and
entertainment
•“kosina”, kitchen
•“pantan/simpey”, porch –
for clothes
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
Yakan Houses – LUMAH

•“kokan/tindakan”,main
house w/ rituals and
entertainment
•“kosina”, kitchen
•“pantan/simpey”, porch –
for clothes
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

SAMAL
Samal Houses

•Samal mix on various islands

with the Tausug who are
dominant group in Jolo island
but more in Borneo
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

SAMAL
Samal Houses

•Pile-driven support
•Connected to the shore and
linked to one another by a
catwalk
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

SAMAL
Samal Houses

•Silong is Boat Storage and

area for bathing
•Single level for sleeping,
cooking and eating.
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

SAMAL
Samal Houses

•Silong is Boat Storage and

area for bathing
•Single level for sleeping,
cooking and eating.
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

SAMAL
Samal Houses

•No partitions or ornamentations

•Pantan – Open porch or
terrace
Receiving area, working area,
hold rituals and playground
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

SAMAL
Samal Houses

•Samal Community in coastline

MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

SAMAL
Samal Houses
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

SAMAL
Samal Houses - comfort room
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

BADJAO
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

BADJAO
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

BADJAO
•sea gypsies
•from Zamboanga, Basilan, Jolo
provinces, Tawi-tawi, and Palawan
•Samal Luwaan (outcast)
•Sama Dilaut (people of the ocean)
•Boat house use their shelters as a
means of Travel
•Whether Nomadic or settled
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

BADJAO

•Badjao boats vary in length and

depending on the economic status of
the owner
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE

BADJAO HOUSES
BADJAO TWO TYPES OF BOAT

1.Dapang/Vinta - Used for short

Fishing trips
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
BADJAO HOUSES
BADJAO TWO TYPES OF BOAT

2.Palaw - Permanent dwelling place or

temporary lodging during fishing trips.
TWO TYPES OF PALAW
Lepa - lighter and faster houseboat
- NO KATIG
Jengning - bigger and heavier houseboat
WITH KATIG
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
BADJAO HOUSES
BADJAO TWO TYPES OF BOAT

2.Palaw - Permanent dwelling place or

temporary lodging during fishing trips.
TWO TYPES OF PALAW
Lepa - lighter and faster houseboat
- NO KATIG
Jengning - bigger and heavier houseboat
WITH KATIG
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
BADJAO HOUSES - BOAT HOUSE
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
BADJAO HOUSES - BOAT HOUSE
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
BADJAO HOUSES - BOAT HOUSE - JENGNING
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
BADJAO HOUSES - BOAT HOUSE - LEPA
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
BADJAO HOUSES - BOAT HOUSE - LUMA

•“Harun” (ladder) serves as wash area

•Mirrors are believed to drive away evil spirits
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
BADJAO HOUSES - BOAT HOUSE - LUMA

•“Harun” (ladder) serves as wash area

•Mirrors are believed to drive away evil spirits
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
T’boli Houses – GUNU BONG

•South Cotabato
•Home for the extended family
ranging 8-16 persons
•Constructed with Bamboo Stilts
2 meters in height from the
ground
•Addition post on side
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
T’boli Houses – GUNU BONG

3 Interior Spaces

•Area of Honor
•Sleeping Area
•Vestibule
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
T’boli Houses – GUNU BONG

3 Interior Spaces

•Area of Honor
•Sleeping Area
•Vestibule
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
END OF MUSLIM SPACE
MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE
CONCLUSION
•Philippine Vernacular Architecture is a broad category
•Majority are dwelling constructed by community
•Vernacular lineage
•Granaries
•Fortification
•Worship
•Ephemeral
•Contemporary Urban shanties
•Vernacular Building Tradition is an Omni- present building practice and remain as
an accessible idiom to the majority of the
Filipinos