ENSURING ROAD SAFETY USING ITS SERVICE

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization, or WHO, has identified automobile crashes as a global health problem due to the
severity of human injuries, death, and harm to property. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), which depends on
modern telecommunications and information technology, have the capability to significantly improve the safety of
roads for ever kind of riders. The following piece will begin with the recognition of ITS and its upsides, followed by
an assessment of the ITS in-road security indicators and an investigation into how ITS may affect each of the
primary microscopically factors of an automobile security issues, i.e. exposure, danger, and the degree of
seriousness of the collision.

INTRODUCTION

The safety of most people on the roads is one of the main goals of transportation policy. So, when planning,
constructing, and operating roads and streets, safety is a top priority. The importance of safety in everyday actions
like driving reflects its place as an integral part of human life. "Road safety" means the steps that are taken before an
accident to make sure everyone is safe and to lessen the severity of any injuries or deaths that might happen. One
common measure of road safety is the number of fatalities and injuries that have been avoided. In fact, one might
argue that the number of deaths and injuries on the roads is inversely proportional to how safe the roads are. When
trying to make roads as safe as possible, it's important to have a full understanding of the problem at hand, as well as
a full understanding of all the important parts and an estimate of how much each one matters i. Intelligent Transport
System, also known as ITS, include sophisticated servicers that, while not expressing intellect in the traditional
sense, desire to offer creative features related to multiple techniques of transportation and congestion control,
allowing different people to remain more knowledgeable while promoting more secure, better-organized, and
smarter use of transportation systems.

ITS refers to a set of technological initiatives aimed at improving the reliability, security, and effectiveness of
transportation systems. These techniques may be categorized under a number of different regions: congestion
control and administration, tolling, highway costing, roadway security and law enforcement, public transit trip
knowledge and ticketing systems, driver guidance and assistance, and automobile security.

With the expeditious growth of technology, various methods of Road Safety have been developed all across the
world using the Internet of Things and Machine Learning to make the analysis systematic and efficient ii. Researchers
as stated have extensively reviewed two main fields to prevent road crashes–(a) The behavior of driver under
various conditions, (b) pieces of information like driving speed, frequency of application of brakes, diverse engine
and transmission system parameters under different peripheral conditions. This paper presents a review of
application of IoT and Machine Learning in road safety and smart road system. Next part of the paper focuses role
of IoT Artificial Intelligence in detecting drowsiness, consumption of alcohol, over-speeding or missing safety gear
such as seat belts helmets by the driver thereby avoiding deaths or causalities. Finally, the limitations of such
technology in road safety are described. This research produces a system proposal that can be used in further
research and can be applied in terms of development of smart cities, especially smart transportation. iii

LITERATURE SURVEY

Through the explosive expansion of technological advancement, there’s a chaos surge in traffic congestion, which
enhance blockages resulting in to moderate collisions as well as mishaps, implementing countless lives in risk.
Probably 1.35 million individuals forfeit their daily existence annually as a resulting of incident, as well as around
fifty million are afflicted serious harm. With the nation emphasizing to construct intelligent cities, that’s of the
utmost importance for the nation to identify a successful remedy. The most effective method to carry out the Internet
of Things and Methods based on machine learning resulting in a Smarter Highway Safety Network which will
investigate its
physical characteristics of automobiles and investigate the driving habits that will conveniently shorten overload,
minimize the time of travel, and help prevent crashes.

The Internet of Things and Machine Learning (ML) both of them particularly emerging advancements of nowadays.
IoT provides interaction among a variety of physical items, integrated using software, sensors to evaluate and
transferring knowledge throughout computers using the assistance of the World Wide Web. IoT has made it
attainable for participants to gather and evaluate information using little personal involvement rendering the
procedure affordable owing to readily obtainable sensors and performance. Gadgets and sensor have a connection to
an IoT Gateway that brings together information as well as utilizes analysis to provide the greatest useful
knowledge. Such Internet of Things (IoT) systems reach it easier for transferring beneficial elements of information
that can be used for detection and make recommendations for a particular problem.

For example, to tackle the problem of traffic congestion leading to crashes and accidents due to the increase in
population during the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, the naturalistic driver behavior is utilized to collect and analyze the
data for traffic planning to maintain safety. An IoT-based solution is implemented, which collects vehicle data like -
time of the trip, GPS location, maximum, minimum, and average speed to study the data and predict accidents and
road infrastructure development to prevent including the driver’s drowsiness level. The figure 1 from describes the
alarming situation in Road Safety due to Driver drowsiness. A framework and a deep learning-based application is
implemented to check the crashes. The driver's behavior is also considered, drowsiness level of the driver to an
iv
accuracy of 82%.

How technology is revolutionizing Road Safety

 Smart Traffic Management

The implementation of IoT devices in traffic management is revolutionizing road safety. By utilizing
intelligent traffic lights and real-time traffic monitoring, IoT is helping to reduce traffic congestion,
mitigate accidents and improve the overall driving experience.

 Intelligent Traffic Lights

IoT powered traffic lights have the ability to adjust to traffic conditions in real time, helping to alleviate
congestion and prevent accidents. By communicating with connected vehicles, traffic lights can adapt to
changing traffic conditions and optimize traffic flow. For instance, when an emergency vehicle approaches
an intersection, sensors in the traffic lights can detect its approach and preemptively alter the light sequence
to allow for a safe and efficient passage. Additionally, IoT enabled traffic lights can provide a more reliable
and accurate measure of traffic patterns. Data collected from connected vehicles and sensors placed at
various points in the road network can be used to adjust traffic signal timings and improve overall traffic
flow.v

 Detecting human behavior

One of the major reasons that contribute to fatal accidents is human behavior and their negligence to follow
the traffic rules. IoT can play a proactive role in helping drivers adopt safety rules. With the help of IoT, the
traffic management system gets an updated with real-time data, thus increasing the efficiency of the safety
system. With the help of Machine Learning and IoT, we can judge the driver’s behavior and alert them
simultaneously.vi

 Detecting Condition of Roads and Bridges

Another factor that influences road accidents is the poor conditions of roads. With the help of IoT, we can
continuously monitor the condition of roads so that maintenance can be done accordingly, which will help
us prevent crashes. With the help of Machine Learning, we can identify cracks in bridges and that can help
prevent any traumatic disasters. One such system can be an Intelligent speed breaker system as proposed in,
which helps detect speed breaker that might get neglected by drivers due to bad visibility or over-
speeding.vii

 Improved Emergency Services

One of the most significant benefits of IoT technologies for road safety is their potential to improve
emergency services. By using real -time data, emergency responders can provide faster and more accurate
assistance to accident victims.
IoT devices can also help prevent accidents by alerting emergency services to potential dangers on the road,
such as accidents, congestions, or hazardous weather conditions. This information can be used to reroute
traffic, dispatch emergency services, or provide drivers with real-time updated and detours. In addition, IoT
technologies can provide emergency responders with vital information about the location and severity of
accidents, enabling them to respond more quickly and effectively.

 Autonomous Vehicles

One of the most exciting prospects for the future of IoT and road safety is the emergence of autonomous
vehicles. Thess vehicles use sensors, cameras, and other IoT devices to navigate roads without human
intervention. This technology has the potential to significantly reduce accidents caused by human error. viii

Future Scope of IoT

With continued technology advancements and the adoption of IoT devices, the future of IoT in the automobile
industry seems to be vast and bright. Automotive IoT applications lead to improved vehicle performance, greater
efficiency, better driver experiences, and increased safety. In the future, we can expect to see more innovative use
cases of IoT in vehicles, such as advanced analytics, increased automation, greater connectivity, fully autonomous
vehicles, and so on, leading to safer, more efficient, and more sustainable transportation. ix Are following:

 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)

These systems use sensors and onboard computers to assist drivers in controlling the vehicle and avoiding
accidents. ITS can enhance ADAS by providing real-time traffic and road condition information, enabling
more accurate and timely responses to potential hazards.

 Predictive Analytics
By analyzing large amounts of data from various sources such as traffic cameras, sensors, and weather
forecasts, ITS can predict potential safety hazards and proactively alert drivers or adjust traffic control
systems to mitigate risks.

 Infrastructure Upgrades
Investing in smart infrastructure such as intelligent traffic management systems, road sensors, and
advanced signaling systems can improve the overall safety and efficiency of road networks. For example,
dynamic speed limits and lane management can be adjusted in real-time based on traffic conditions to
prevent congestion and accidents.

 Integration with Smart Cities

As cities become more interconnected and digitally integrated, ITS can be seamlessly integrated with other
smart city initiatives such as public transportation systems, pedestrian safety measures, and urban planning
strategies to create safer and more sustainable urban environments.

Conclusion and future Scopes

The outcomes of this analysis have shown a number of ITS innovations which are currently in development and
potentially improve automobile security. It is obvious that the security mechanism may be upgraded in actual time
using the aid of the Internet of Things, which may contribute to the creation of a clever, perceptive, and extremely
effective roadway security mechanism. Artificial Intelligence is utilized for further developing the procedure for
identifying driver actions, such as sleepiness, using photographs with excellent resolution or instantaneous video
feeds. When automobiles get closer to getting totally self-sufficient and begin communicating with their
surroundings while making judgments for themselves, the actual potential of the Internet of Things in guaranteeing
prudent driving is being unlocked.
i
http://www.jsoftcivil.com/article_169737.html?
ii
Understanding the potential of emerging technologies of roadway security
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358966023_Application_of_IoT_and_AI_in_Road_Safety

iii
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358966023_Application_of_IoT_and_AI_in_Road_Safety

iv
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358966023_Application_of_IoT_and_AI_in_Road_Safety

v
Benefits of IoT https://www.worldbusinessoutlook.com/

vi
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358966023_Application_of_IoT_and_AI_in_Road_Safety

vii
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358966023_Application_of_IoT_and_AI_in_Road_Safety

viii
https://www.worldbusinessoutlook.com/iot-and-road-safety-how-technology-is-making-our-roads-
safer/#:~:text=IoT%20sensors%20installed%20on%20roads,transport%20planning%20and%20infrastructure%20de
velopment.

ix
https://appinventiv.com