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Corner Rizal and Amat St.,

8400, Surigao City

Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
1
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the problem and its background, framework of the study,
statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and
definition of terms.
Introduction
On June 20, 1964, R.A. 4136, otherwise known as the “Land Transportation and Traffic
Code” was enacted abolishing the Motor Vehicle Office and creating the Land
Transportation Commission. This law likewise partially repealed Act No. 3992. The LTO
is also tasked with collecting various fees from the registration of motor vehicles, the
issuance of licenses to qualified motor vehicle drivers, the collection of fines and penalties
for motor vehicle related infractions, and the issuance of motor vehicle license plates.

A traffic violation occurs when a driver violates one of the laws that regulate motor
vehicle operation on streets or highways. A traffic ticket, or traffic citation, is a minor
offense, but it can have serious consequences for the driver. Traffic violations appear on
your driving record, affect insurance premiums, and result in costly fines and legal fees.(
Susan Buckner, J.D. )

The most common problem in LTO on dealing with traffic violator's includes: reckless

driving, disobeying traffic sign, not wearing a seatbelt, failing to signal, distracted driving,

obstruction of vehicle, illegal turn, expired registration etc. The Land Transportation

Office (LTO) plays a critical role in ensuring road safety and regulating land

transportation in many countries. However, despite its efforts, traffic violations such as

driving without a license and driving without a helmet on motorists continue to pose

significant challenges to public welfare and road safety.

Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Land Transportation Office in dealing
with traffic offenses in Surigao City. This study examines the LTO's enforcement
procedures, policies, and initiatives to analyze their impact on reducing traffic violations,
and improving road safety, in the city.

Understanding the merits and drawbacks of the LTO's existing tactics can be beneficial to
law enforcement agencies, and urban planners in Surigao City. Furthermore, the findings
of this study may provide recommendations for improving the effectiveness of traffic
enforcement techniques, thereby contributing to the creation of more efficient and
sustainable transportation systems in Surigao City and other urban contexts.
Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the LTO's present tactics will help
policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and urban planners in Surigao City.
Furthermore, the findings of this study may provide recommendations for improving the
effectiveness of traffic enforcement techniques, thereby contributing to the construction of
more efficient and sustainable transportation systems in Surigao City.
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Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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Framework of the Study

Republic Act 4136, also known as the Land Transportation and Traffic Code, is a
law that was enacted in 1964 to regulate and manage the transportation system in the
Philippines. It serves as a comprehensive guide for motorists, drivers, and pedestrians in
the country. The law covers various aspects of land transportation, including the
classification and registration of motor vehicles, the licensing of drivers and conductors,
and the regulation of traffic on public roads. It aims to promote road safety, reduce traffic
congestion, and improve the overall efficiency of the transportation system. One of the
main provisions of the Land Transportation and Traffic Code is the establishment of the
Land Transportation Office (LTO), which is responsible for implementing the law and
overseeing the registration and licensing of motor vehicles and drivers. The LTO also
enforces traffic rules and regulations and conducts driver education programs to promote
road safety. The law also sets standards for the design and construction of roads and
highways, as well as guidelines for the installation and maintenance of traffic signs and
signals. It requires all drivers and pedestrians to follow traffic rules and regulations and
imposes penalties for violations, such as fines, imprisonment, or suspension of driver’s
licenses. Republic Act 4136 has undergone several amendments and revisions over the
years to keep up with the changing needs of the transportation system. In 2019, the law
was amended to include provisions for the regulation of ride-hailing services and the use
of motorcycles as public utility vehicles. In conclusion, Republic Act 4136 is a vital law
that regulates and manages the land transportation system in the Philippines. It plays a
crucial role in promoting road safety, reducing traffic congestion, and improving the
efficiency of the transportation system. With the ongoing changes and updates to the law,
it continues to adapt to the evolving needs of the country’s transportation system
Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
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Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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Based on the previously mentioned ideas extracted from the theoretical framework, the
Input-Process-Output model is the research paradigm that directs the investigation. In light
of the aforementioned concept, the study's research paradigm is given in.

pp
Profile of the respondent
according to: -Survey
- Effectiveness of
-Traffic Violation
Age
LTO in dealing with
Monitoring and
Gender traffic violations in
Enforcement by
Surigao City
Educational attainment LTO
8
- Traffic Violation
Location
Apprehension by
Traffic Enforcers

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

The first box represents the variables or factors that are relevant to the research question or
topic being studied. In this case, the input variables are sex, age, and educational
attainment of the respondents. These variables are important to consider because they may
Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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affect how individuals perceive and respond to traffic violations, as well as how they
interact with the LTO.
The second box shows the activities or steps involved in the process being studied. In this
case, the process includes the traffic violation monitoring and enforcement by the LTO,
apprehension of violators by traffic enforcers.
The third box represents the outcomes or results of the process being studied. In this case,
the outputs include the effectiveness of the LTO in dealing with traffic violations.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of LTO in

dealing with traffic violation in Surigao City. Specifically, it seek to answer the following
question:
1. What is the demographic profile in terms of:

1.1 age;
1.2 gender;
1.3 education attainment;
1.4 location;
2. What is the effectiveness of LTO in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao City in
terms of;

2.1 Public safety

2.2 Crime Prevention
3. Is there significant difference the effectiveness of LTO in dealing with traffic violation
in Surigao City when they grouped according to their profile variable ?
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Hypothesis
At 0.05 level of significance, the researcher hypothesized that:
Ho: There is no significant difference between the effectiveness of LTO in dealing with
traffic violation in Surigao City.
Ha: There is a significant difference between the effectiveness of LTO in dealing with
traffic violation in Surigao City when they grouped according to their profile variable.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study would contribute and would benefit the following:

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research aimed to find out the Womens’ Awareness on RA 9262 (Anti-

Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004)…………..

Definition of Terms

The following terms are operationally defined to guide readers to have clear minds
as to its use and purposes.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This section presents previous studies, articles, and many other information from

published journal and internet that are related to the study at hand.

Violence Against Women

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Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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A UNICEF report details a devastating scale and severity of violence against

children and adolescents worldwide. Children of all ages are experiencing some form of

…….

According to Durant(2016), violence is …………..

Synthesis. The literatures cited show relevance with the present study for these

materials gave information regarding the RA 9262-Anti-Violence against Women and

their Children Act of 2004. …………………….

CHAPTER 3

METHOD

This chapter presents the research design, participant of the study, research

instruments, data gathering procedure, data analysis and ethical consideration.

Research Design
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This research employed the descriptive survey method of research to determine the

women’s level of awareness on RA 9262-Anti-Violence Against Women and their

Children Act of 2004)……………………….

Participants of the study

The researcher utilized the convenient purposive sampling technique to determine

the number of the participants. ……………….

Research Instrument

This study utilized a researcher-made questionnaire. Part l surveyed the socio-

demographic profile of the participants (Civil Status, Educational Attainment, and

Occupation). Part 2 answered the Women’s Level of Awareness on RA. 9262-Anti-

Violence against Women …………………..

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers sent a letter to conduct the study to the College of Criminal Justice

Education Dean to asked permission prior conducting the study. ……..

Data Analysis
To analyze the results gathered in the study, the following statistical tools were
used:
Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution. This research tool was utilized

to determine the number of participants with regard to their age, civil status, educational

attainment and occupation.

Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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Ethical Consideration

In conducting this study, the researchers will make sure that they observe the

proper ways of communicating with the respondents.

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Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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REFERENCES

REFERENCES

Arora, P. (2018). An Insight into Alarming Rise in Incidence of Violence against Women
in India. Retrieved from http://euroasiapub.org/wp-content/ uploads/ 2018
/04/55ESSMarch-18-Dr-ReetuGrade-1.pdf

Buecher, M. N. (2017). Violence Against Children Knows No Boundaries” Forbes.

Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/unicefusal/2017/11/03/violence-
against-children-knowa-no-boundaries/?sh=4954ec855eaa

Bhowmick, N. (2013). “Rape In India: Why It Sems Worse. Retrieved from

https://world.time.com/2013/11/08/why-rape-seems-worse-in-india-than-
everywhere-else-but-actually-isnt/
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Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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Caparas, M. E. and Amparado, M. P. (2012). “Women’s Awareness on the Law on Anti

Violence Against Women and their Children. Retrived from https://philair.
ph/publication/ index.php/jpair/article/view/171
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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

LETTER OF REQUEST

(NOTE SCAN YOUR LETTER AND ATTACHED HERE WITH THE SIGNATURE)
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Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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APPENDIX A

A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

(PASTE HERE YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE)

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Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Corner Rizal and Amat St.,
8400, Surigao City

Effectiveness of Land Transportation Office (LTO) in dealing with traffic violation in Surigao
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CURRICULUM VITAE

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : DANIEL M. PADILLA

Age : 22 years old

Date of Birth : October 02, 1999

Place of Birth : Mabini, Mainit, Surigao Del Norte

Address : Mabini, Mainit, Surigao Del Norte

Civil Status : Single

Nationality : Filipino
Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
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Email Address : [email protected]

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s name : Roben Padilla

Mother’s name : Marlyn P. Padilla

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Mabini Elementary School

Mainit, Surigao del Norte
2000-2016
Junior High School : Mainit National High School (JHS)
Mainit, Surigao del Norte
2000-2016
Senior High School : Matin-ao National High School (JHS)
Mainit, Surigao del Norte
2000-2016
Tertiary : Northeasthern Mindanao Colleges
Rizal Corner Amat Street
Bachelor of Science in Criminology