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2020 CLIL 7 Word Formation

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11 views

2020 CLIL 7 Word Formation

Uploaded by

freemove760
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mgr.

Martin Kubicskó

WORD FORMATION
TVORENIE SLOV

In English there are many ways to create new words. These are some of them:

CONVERSION
• We just use the word as another part of speech
• e.g. we use the noun as the verb

→ Can you text me tomorrow? (the word “text” is a noun, but we used it as a verb)
→ I need to book a table for us first. (book = a noun used as a verb)
→ They have all heard a loud cry. (cry = a verb used as a noun)

PREFIXES
• We put them in front of the word:

UNFRIENDLY
PREFIX ROOT SUFFIX

• These are the prefixes: un- in- im- ir- il- mis- dis- anti-

Examples:
→ unfriendly, unstoppable, unconscious, unlikely, unhappy, unexpected, unusual…
→ incapable, intolerable, inconsistent, infamous, insane, incorrect…
→ impolite, import, improve, impossible, immature, impatient, immoral…
→ irrelevant, irregular, irresponsible, irrational, irresistible…
→ illegal, illogical, illiterate, illegitimate…
→ misbehaviour, misunderstanding, mistrust, misfortune…
→ disappear, dislike, disorder, disadvantage, disagree, disproportioned, dishonest…
→ antisocial, antibiotic, antivirus…

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SUFFIXES
• We put them at the end of the word:

UNFRIENDLY
PREFIX ROOT SUFFIX

These are the prefixes:

• NOUNS -ance -ion -ition -ment -ness -hood


-ism -age -al -dom - ity -ty -ry -ship

• NOUNS (PERSONS) -ee -er -or -ist

• ADJECTIVES -al -ful -tific -ly -ous -y -able -en


-ese -ic -ish -ive -less -ian -i

• VERBS -ate -en -ify -ise

• ADVERBS -ly -wards -wise

Examples:

→ NOUNS: resistance, collision, prohibition, agreement, happiness, brotherhood,


optimism, carriage, proposal, kingdom, equality, cruelty, entry, friendship…

→ NOUNS (P.): employee, referee, reader, writer, protector, director, specialist, artist …

→ ADJECTIVES: practical, thankful, scientific, friendly, marvellous, windy, comfortable,


wooden, Chinese, poetic, childish, productive, homeless, Canadian, khaki …

→ VERBS: create, complicate, fasten, shorten, identify, modify, realise, compromise…

→ ADVERBS: friendly, luckily, onwards, downwards, clockwise …

Specific example: create

creat + or = person creat + ion = noun creat + iv + ity = noun


creat + ive = adjective cre + ate = verb creat + ive + ly = adverb

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COMPOUNDING
• we create a new word by connecting two (or more) words or their parts together
• sometimes we use hyphen (“-“) to connect them, sometimes not
• if you are not sure, whether to use hyphen, join the words completely or not, check the
dictionary

Examples:

→ NOUNS: car park, rock band, bookshelf, sunrise, forget-me-not, mother-in-law …


→ ADJECTIVES: dark-haired, good-looking, heartbreaking, seasick …
→ VERBS: baby-sit, back-up …

ABBREVIATION
• It is a shortening of the word. We use three ways:

Examples:

→ advertisement = ad television = TV laboratory = lab


→ World Health Organisation = WHO Computer Generated Image = CGI Knock Out = KO
→ motor + hotel = motel smoke + fog = smog

LOAN WORDS
• these are the words borrowed from other foreign languages:

Examples:

→ FRENCH: cuisine, garage, moustache, budget, design …


→ CHINESE: ketchup, nunchaku, chopsticks …
→ CZECH: robot, pistol …
→ ITALIAN: patio, motto, novel, broccoli, pizza …

EXAMPLE OF A TEST EXERCISE (Use the word in BOLD to form a new word that fits into the gap)

1. She must send the job ____________________. APPLY


2. He saw her in the crowd but she ____________________ immediately. APPEAR
3. Don’t be so ____________________. CHILD
4. It is always very ____________________ to drive at such speed. DANGER
5. Nobody could find a ____________________ to that problem. SOLVE
6. My brother feels really ____________________ today. SLEEP
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