Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr.

Naeem Ahmed

Chapter 3
Input / Output

By
Dr. Naeem Ahmed 1

– Different types of keyboards and pointing devices

– Types of scanners, readers, and digital cameras

– Audio input devices

– Types of display devices and how they work

– Types of printers and how they work

– Audio output

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Keyboards

• Keyboard
– An input device used to enter characters at the location marked
by the insertion point or cursor
– Can be wired or wireless
– Most computers today are designed to be used with a keyboard
– Typically contains:
• Standard alphanumeric keys
• Numeric keypad
• Function keys
• Delete and Backspace keys
• Control and Alternate keys
• Arrow directional keys and special keys
3

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Keyboards (cont.)

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Keyboards (cont.)

– Portable computers and mobile devices often use:

• Built in or slide--out keyboard
• Pen or touch input (on--screen keyboard)
• Keyboard dock

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pointing and Touch Devices

• Pointing Devices are used to:
– Select and manipulate objects (i.e. dragging)
– Input data
– Issue commands to the computer

• Common Types of Pointing Devices:

– Mouse
– Pen/stylus
– Touch screen

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Pointing and Touch Devices (cont.)

• Mouse
• Common pointing device that the user slides along a
flat surface to move a pointer around the screen and
clicks its buttons to make selections

• Older mechanical mouse use a ball

• Optical or laser mouse track with light

– 3D mouse
– Can be wireless

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pointing and Touch Devices (cont.)

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Pointing and Touch Devices (cont.)

• Pens/Styluses
– Stylus
• Pen--like device used to draw or write electronically on
the screen

• Also called digital pen, electronic pen, tablet pen

• Pen input is being used for

– Photography, graphic design, animation
– Industrial design, document processing, and
healthcare applications
– Issuing commands and inputting data
9

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pointing and Touch Devices (cont.)

– Pen--Based Computers
• Pen input used with mobile devices and tablet
computers
– Used to input handwritten text and sketches and to
manipulate text
– If handwriting recognition is used, written text can
be converted to editable typed text

10

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Pointing and Touch Devices (cont.)

– Digital Writing Systems
• Pen--based systems that capture
handwritten input as it is being written
• Requires special paper with a grid of
dots
• Handwritten input can be transferred to
computer

– Graphics Tablets
• Pen tablets or digitizing devices
• Flat, touch sensitive tablet typically
connected to computer using a USB port

the U.S. Edition.

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Pointing and Touch Devices (cont.)

– Signature Capture Devices

• Found at check out counters to
record customer signatures

12

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Pointing and Touch Devices (cont.)

• Touch Screens
– Display devices that are touched with the finger to select
commands or otherwise provide input to the computer
– Used with:
• Desktop and portable computers
• Mobile phones and other mobile devices
• Surface computing
– Multi--touch input from multiple users and object
recognition
• Consumer kiosks and Point--of--Sale systems
13

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pointing and Touch Devices (cont.)

• Other Pointing Devices
– Joysticks, gamepads,
and other gaming
devices
– Trackballs
– Buttons and wheels
– Touch pads

14

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras

• Source Documents
– Containing data that already exists in physical form (order
form, photograph, invoice, check, or price label)
• Source Data Automation
– Captures data directly from a source
document
• Saves time
• Increases accuracy
• Utilizes scanning or
reading devices

15

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

• Scanners (Optical Scanners)

– Input devices that capture an image of an object
and transfers it to a computer in digital form
– Can scan photos, documents, drawings (flat
objects)
– Data is typically input as a single image Flatbed
– If optical character recognition (OCR) is used,
text is input as individual text characters
– Types of scanners
• Flatbed
• Portable Portable
• 3D
• Integrated (ATMs, etc.)
Integrated
16

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

• Scanning Quality and Resolution

– Quality of scanned images indicated by optical resolution

• Measured in number of dots per inch (dpi)
• Can often be specified when image is scanned
• Can be changed when scanned image is edited
• Varies with scanner used

– Higher resolution means better

quality but larger file size
17

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

• Readers
– Barcode Readers
• Input devices that read
barcodes
– Barcodes
• Machine--readable codes that
represent data as
a set of bars
• Common Types
– Universal Product Code
(UPC)
– ISBN
– Code 39 – nonfood use
– Intelligent mail barcode –
US Postal Service
– Two Dimensional 2D (QR)
– stores more data

18

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

19

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

– Radio Frequency Identification

(RFID) Readers
• Technology used to store and
transmit data located in RFID tags
• RFID tags contain tiny chips and
radio antennas
– Attached to objects for
identification purposes
– Read by RFID readers
– Tags only need to be within
range of the reader, rather
than in the line of sight
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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

• Applications
– Tracking inventory and assets
– Electronic tolls
– Tracking patients in hospitals
– Ticketing applications
– Security: Speeding up ID process
• Types of RFID Readers
– Handheld
– Portal
– Stationary

21

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

22

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

– Optical Mark Readers (OMRs)
• Input data from special forms to score or tally exams,
questionnaires, ballots
– Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Devices
• OCR is the ability of a computer to recognize scanned
text characters and convert them to electronic form as
text, not images
• OCR readers can recognize many different types of
printed characters
• Used to process turnaround documents like monthly
bills

23

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

24

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

– Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Readers

• Also called check scanners
• Used primarily for banking
• Read the special magnetic
characters printed at the
bottom of checks
• High volume readers sort and
process deposited checks
• Used to facilitate remote
deposits and electronic check
processing
25

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

– Biometric Readers
• Used to input biometric data (science
of identifying individuals based on
measurable biological
characteristics)
– Fingerprint, hand or face
geometry, voice or signature
• Can be stand--alone or built into
another piece of hardware
• Used to allow access only by
authorized individuals
• Most often used for access control, to
verify transactions, and to authorize
electronic payments
26

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

• Digital Cameras
– Record images on digital storage
medium rather than film
– Can either be still cameras or
video cameras
– Camera quality is measured in
megapixels
– Typically use flash memory for
storage
– Camera phones can be used to
read barcodes, for mobile deposit,
etc.
27

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different fro m the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras(cont.)

• Digital Video Cameras

– Digital camcorders, PC video cameras (PC cams, Web cams)
– Built--in or stand alone
– Store images on digital media (flash memory, DVDs, hard drives,
etc.)
• Applications
– Surveillance video
cameras
– Video conferences
and Webinars
– Face recognition
systems
28

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Audio Input

• Voice Input and Speech Recognition Systems

– Audio Input
• The process of entering audio data into the computer
– Voice Input
• Inputting spoken words and converting them to digital
form via microphone or headset
• Recorded for narrations, podcasts, etc.
• VoIP (Voice over IP systems) applications
• Provides spoken instructions to computer when used
with speech recognition systems

29

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Audio Input (cont.)

30

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Audio Input (cont.)

• Music Input Systems

– Used to input music

• Existing music can be input

using CDs or a Web
download

• For original compositions,

microphones and keyboard
controllers (piano keyboards)
can be connected to a
computer

31

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Display Devices

• Display Device
– Presents output visually on some type of screen
– Monitor
• Display device for a desktop computer
– Display Screen
• Screen built into a variety of devices
– Notebook and other portable computers
– Mobile phones and mobile devices
– Handheld gaming devices, home
entertainment devices, kitchen appliances
– Digital photo frames, e--book readers
– Digital signage systems, digital billboards

32
Digital Frame
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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessi ble website, in whole or in part.

32

16
Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Display Devices (cont.)

• Display Device Characteristics

– Color vs. Monochrome Displays
• Images are formed using pixels
• Most displays today are color
displays
– CRT vs. Flat--Panel Displays
• Cathode ray tube (CRT)
displays are large, bulky, and
heavy
• Flat--panel displays take up
less desk space and use less
power than CRTs
33

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Display Devices (cont.)

– Size and Aspect Ratio
• Device size measured diagonally from corner to corner
– Screen Resolution
• Number of pixels used on a display determines
resolution

34

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Display Devices (cont.)

– Video adapters, Interfaces, and Ports

• Video cards determine the graphic capabilities of a
computer
• VGA, DVI, and HDMI are the three most common interfaces
to connect monitors to a computer
• Ports exposed in the system unit cases are to connect
monitors to computers
– New option is to use USB
ports

35
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

35

Display Devices (cont.)

– Wired vs. Wireless Displays

• Most monitors are physically connected to the system
via a cable (wired)
• Wireless displays connect using a wireless network
connection (Wi--Fi, Bluetooth)
– 2D vs. 3D
• Most displays are 2D
• 3D displays use filters, prisms, and multiple lenses to
create the 3D effects

36

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Display Devices (cont.)

– Wearable Displays
• Project images from a
mobile device to a display
screen built into glasses
– Touch and Gesture Capabilities
• Kiosks and portable gaming
devices
• Mobile phones and
portable digital media
players

37

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Display Devices (cont.)

• Flat Panel Display Technologies

– Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
• Use charged liquid crystals between
sheets of glass or plastic
• Requires backlighting

– Light Emitting Diode Displays (LEDs)

• Used in alarm clocks, Christmas lights,
car headlights, and other consumer
products
• Currently used to backlight LCD panels

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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whol e or in part.

38

19
Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Display Devices (cont.)

– Organic Light Emitting Diode

Displays (OLED)
• Use layers of organic
material
• Emit visible light when
current is applied
• Are thinner than LCDs
• Have brighter and
sharper images than LCDs
• Incorporated into many
digital cameras, mobile
phones, and portable digital
media players
39

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Display Devices (cont.)

– Special Types of OLEDs

• FOLED (Flexible OLED)
– OLED displays built on flexible
surfaces such as plastic or metal foil
• TOLED (Transparent OLED)
– Displays are transparent
– Emit light toward top and bottom of
display surface

40

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Display Devices (cont.)

• Data and Multimedia Projectors

– Display devices that projects all computer
output to a wall or projection screen
– Found in classrooms and conference rooms
– Can be wireless or integrated into devices
– Some contain an iPod dock
– Pico projectors are pocket--size and connect
mobile and portable devices
– Hologram projectors used to display 3D
images
– Tiled projectors use multiple projectors to
display content from a single source
41

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Printers

• Printer Characteristics
– Printing Technology
• Impact Printers (Dot Matrix)
– Print mechanism actually strikes
the paper to transfer ink
– Used to produce multipart forms
• Non--impact Printers (Ink--Jet and
Laser)
– Use liquid ink or toner
– Produce higher quality images
– Much quieter than impact
printers

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended fo r use outside of the U.S. only, with content tha t may be different from the U.S. Edition.
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May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

42

21
Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Printers (cont.)

– Color vs. Black and White

• Colors printers use magenta, cyan, yellow, and black
ink
– Personal vs. Network Printers
• Personal printers connect directly to a single computer
• Network printers connect directly to a network so they
can be used by all authorized network users
– Print Resolution
• Measured in dpi (dots per inch)
• More dots per inch results in higher quality output
• 300 dpi for general purpose printing; 1,200 dpi for
43
photographs; 2,400 dpi for professional applications
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Printers (cont.)

44

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Printers (cont.)

– Print Speed
• Measured in pages per minute (PPM)
• Personal printers – 20--35 ppm
• Network printers – 30 to 65 ppm
– Connection Options
• USB connection most common
– Multifunction Capabilities
• Copy, fax, scan, print
• All--in--ones

45

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Printers (cont.)

• Laser Printers
– Use toner powder and technology similar to that of a
photocopier to produce images on paper
– The standard for business documents
– Print one entire page at a time
– Generally faster and have better quality output than ink--
jet printers
– Can be black and white or color
– Common print resolution for laser printers is between 600
and 2,400 dpi
– Use toner cartridges

46

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Printers (cont.)

• Ink--Jet Printers
– Sprays droplets of ink to produce images on paper
– Use ink cartridges
– Usually print in color
– Often the choice for home use
– Relatively inexpensive with good--quality output
– Print more slowly than laser printers
– Newer printers with full width printheads are much faster
– Potential applications for the future
• Dispensing liquid metal, aromas, computer chips and
other circuitry, “printing” human tissue
47

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Printers (cont.)

48

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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Intro to ICT - Chapter 3 By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Audio Output

• Audio Output
– Voice, music, and other audible sounds
– Common audio output devices
• Computer speakers
• iPod/MP3 dock and integrated speakers
• Headphones and headsets
• Earphones and earbuds

49

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition.
May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

25