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English for Academic and

Professional Purposes
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Text Structure

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Text Structure
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Pilita E. Ramirez

Editor: Ellen E. Edrial EdD / Teofan C. Gallosa
Reviewer: Ellen E. Edrial EdD
Illustrator: None
Layout Artist/Typesetter: Mae Ricarl S. Moreto
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Joelyza M. Arcilla, EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, EdD Elmar L. Cabrera
Marcelo K. Palispis, EdD
Anna Lee A. Amores, EdD

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros

Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your
studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you
need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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CONTENT PAGES

TITLE PAGE i

INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE --------------------------------- iii

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW --------------------------------- 1

Learning Competency --------------------------------- 1

WHAT I KNOW 2

WHAT’S IN 2

WHAT’S NEW 3

WHAT IS IT 4

WHAT’S MORE 7

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED --------------------------------- 8

WHAT I CAN DO ---------------------------------------- 8

ASSESSMENT 9

ANSWER KEY 11

REFERENCE LIST 13

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WHAT IS IT
What is Text Structure?
It is how information in a passage is organized.

Text Structure refers to the internal organization of a text. As

authors write a text to communicate an idea, they will use a structure that
goes along with the idea (Meyer,1985).

Let us study the six common patterns of organization:

1. Chronological
2. Cause and effect
3. Compare and contrast
4. Problem and solution
5. Sequence
6. Spatial / Descriptive

1. Chronological – information is organized in order of time.

Chrono = time Logic = order

Ex.

Jack and Jill ran up Jack fell down Jill came

the hill to fetch a and broke his tumbling after.
pail of water. crown.

All stories are told chronologically.

Signal words: shortly, since, second, third, immediately and etc.

2. Cause and Effect – an action and its result are explained.

CAUSE EFFECT

Students did not learn the

material.

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• Don’t confuse with chronologic al.
• Won’t have a beginning, middle and end.
• Time won’t progress much.

Signal words: (Causes – because, due to, for this reason, if this, etc.)
(Effects – as a result, consequently, hence, resulting, since,
therefore etc.)

3. Compare and Contrast- tells how two things are similar

anddifferent.

Signal words: (Comparison –also, as well as, both, compared to, in

comparison, similarly, and etc.)
(Contrast – although, on the contrary, on the other hand, in
spite of, unlike and etc.)

4. Problem and Solution - a problem and answer are suggested.

Solution

• Don’t confuse with cause and effect.

• It is presented as a PROBLEM.

Signal words: answer, challenge, improve, respond, suggest and etc.

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5. Sequence / Process Writing – information is listed step - by- step
and explains how to do it or how it happens.

Signal words: next, later, last, finally, in the end, at first and etc.

6. Spatial / Descriptive Writing – describes something in order of

space describes how something looks.

Two windows on the West Wall A television across from the bed

A bed in the middle A closet by the TV

Signal words: above, adjacent to, away, below, behind, nearby, toward

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