Modern

MANDARIN CHINESE
Grammar
WORKBOOK
Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook, third edition, is a book of exercises
and language tasks to facilitate practice and reinforce language use. Divided into
two sections, the Workbook initially provides exercises based on essential
grammatical structures, and moves on to practice everyday functions such as
making introductions, apologizing, and expressing needs.
With an extensive answer key at the back to enable students to check on their
progress, main features include:
• Exercises at various levels of challenge for a broad range of learners
• Cross-referencing to the related Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar
• A comprehensive index to exercises alphabetically arranged in terms of
structures, functions, and key Chinese structure vocabulary
This third edition also offers a revised and expanded selection of exercises
including new task-based exercises.
Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook is ideal for all learners of Mandarin
Chinese, from beginner to intermediate and advanced students. It can be used
both independently and alongside Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar,
which is also published by Routledge.

Claudia Ross, Professor Emeritus of Chinese, College of the Holy Cross.

Jing-Heng Sheng Ma, Professor Emeritus of Chinese, Wellesley College.

Baozhang He, Associate Professor Emeritus of Chinese, College of the Holy Cross.

Pei-Chia Chen, Senior Lecturer and Academic Coordinator of the Chinese

language program, University of California San Diego.

Meng Yeh, Teaching Professor of Chinese, Rice University.

i
Routledge Modern Grammars
Series concept and development – Sarah Butler

Other books in the series

Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar, Third Edition

Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar Workbook, Third Edition

Modern Dutch Grammar

Modern French Grammar, Second Edition

Modern French Grammar Workbook, Second Edition

Modern German Grammar, Third Edition

Modern German Grammar Workbook, Third Edition

Modern Italian Grammar, Third Edition

Modern Italian Grammar Workbook, Second Edition

Modern Japanese Grammar

Modern Japanese Grammar Workbook

Modern Korean Grammar

Modern Korean Grammar Workbook

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar, Third Edition

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook, Third Edition

Modern Russian Grammar

Modern Russian Grammar Workbook

Modern Spanish Grammar, Second Edition

Modern Spanish Grammar Workbook, Second Edition

For more information about this series please visit:

https://www.routledge.com/Modern-Grammars/book-series/SE0327

ii
Modern
MANDARIN
CHINESE
Grammar
WORKBOOK
THIRD EDITION

Claudia Ross
Jing-heng Sheng Ma
Baozhang He
Pei-Chia Chen
Meng Yeh

iii
Designed cover image: calligraphy by Ma Wei-yi
Third edition published 2024
by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2024 Claudia Ross, Jing-heng Sheng Ma, Baozhang He, Pei-Chia Chen, and Meng Yeh
The right of Claudia Ross, Jing-heng Sheng Ma, Baozhang He, Pei-Chia Chen, and Meng Yeh to
be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form
or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and
are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
First edition published by Routledge 2006
Second edition published by Routledge 2015
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN: 978-1-032-36931-0 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-032-36930-3 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-33452-1 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521

Typeset in Stone Serif ITC

by Apex CoVantage, LLC

iv
Contents

Introduction viii
How to use this book ix

Part A Structures 1

1 Overview of pronunciation and Pinyin

romanization 3
2 Syllable, meaning, and word 4
3 The Chinese writing system: an overview 5
4 Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence 8
5 Nouns 12
6 Numbers 14
7 Specifiers and demonstratives 18
8 Classifiers 21
9 Noun phrases 25
10 Adjectives and adjectival verbs 29
11 Stative verbs 33
12 Modal verbs 36
13 Action verbs 41
14 Prepositions and prepositional phrases 44
15 Adverbs 48
16 Conjunctions 51
17 Aspect 53
18 Resultative verbs 57
19 Directional verbs 62
v
CONTENTS

20 ᡞ bǎ sentences: the ‘disposal’ construction 66

21 The passive 71

Part B Situations and functions 73

22 Names, kinship terms, titles, and terms of address 75

23 Introductions 77
24 Greetings and goodbyes 79
25 Basic strategies for communication 81
26 Telecommunications and e-communications:
telephones, the internet, and social media 84
27 Negating information 88
28 Asking questions, answering questions, and
reporting questions 91
29 Expressing identification, possession, and
existence 100
30 Describing people, places, and things 105
31 Describing how actions are performed 107
32 Indicating result, conclusion, potential,
and extent 111
33 Making comparisons 117
34 Talking about the present 123
35 Talking about habitual actions 126
36 Talking about the future 129
37 Indicating completion and talking about
the past 133
38 Talking about change, new situations,
and changing situations 140
39 Talking about duration and frequency 145
40 Expressing additional information 150
41 Expressing contrast 153
42 Expressing sequence 159
43 Expressing simultaneous situations 164
vi
Contents

44 Expressing cause and effect or reason and result 168

45 Expressing conditions 174
46 Expressing ‘both,’ ‘all,’ ‘every,’ ‘any,’ ‘none,’
‘not any,’ and ‘no matter how’ 177
47 Expressing location and distance 182
48 Talking about movement, directions, and
means of transportation 186
49 Talking about clock time and calendar time 190
50 Expressing obligations and prohibitions 196
51 Expressing commands and permission 198
52 Expressing ability and possibility 201
53 Expressing desires, needs, preferences,
and willingness 204
54 Expressing knowledge, advice, and opinions 207
55 Expressing fear, worry, and anxiety 211
56 Expressing speaker attitudes and perspectives
with interjections and final particles 214
57 Topic, focus, and emphasis 216
58 Guest and host 222
59 Giving and responding to compliments 223
60 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction 226
61 Expressing gratitude and responding to
expressions of gratitude 229
62 Invitations, requests, and refusals 232
63 Expressing apologies, regrets, sympathy,
and bad news 235
64 Expressing congratulations and good wishes 239

Answer key 241

Index 363

vii
Introduction

The Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook is a companion to Modern

Mandarin Chinese Grammar and is designed to help you to strengthen your
command of Mandarin Chinese. It can be used alongside a Chinese language
textbook in a regular language program, or as review material for self study. The
Answer Key at the end of the book allows you to check your answers as you work
through the exercises. Exercises in the Workbook are graded in terms of level of
difficulty, making the book appropriate for near-beginners as well as Mandarin
learners at the advanced level in a high school or university program.
Instructions are written in English, and all exercises are presented in simplified
and traditional characters and Pinyin romanization.
The Workbook focuses on the major structural patterns and communication
strategies used in Mandarin Chinese. Exercises focusing on structure are
presented in Part A ‘Structures’ and those focusing on communication are
presented in Part B ‘Situations and functions.’ Since successful communication is
built in part on structural accuracy, there is overlap between the two sections. We
recommend that as you work on situations and functions in
Part B, you also practice the related structure exercises in Part A. For example,
when working on Chapters 47 ‘Expressing location and distance’ and 48 ‘Talking
about movement, directions, and means of transportation,’ you
should also work through the structure exercises involving prepositions in
Part A. Use the table of contents to find exercises for specific structures or general
communication tasks. Consult the Index for exercises focusing on specific topics
such as illness, or the weather, or reciting telephone numbers. Follow the cross-
references to Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar for explanations about structure
and usage.
Chinese language study is an interesting journey. We hope that the Modern
Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook and Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar are
helpful in your navigation, and wish you enjoyment and success as you develop
your language skills.
Claudia Ross
Jing-heng Sheng Ma
Baozhang He
Pei-Chia Chen
Meng Yeh
December 2023

viii
How to use this book

We have written this book as a companion to Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar

to provide practice with the major structures and functions of Mandarin
Chinese. Use it to strengthen your grammatical skills and your ability to
communicate in Mandarin.
The presentation of material follows the order of presentation in Modern
Mandarin Chinese Grammar. You can work on the chapters in any order, selecting
chapters that focus on the structures and functions that address
your specific needs.
This Workbook is divided into two parts. Part A focuses on structures.
If you want to focus on basic structures such as the formation of numbers,
or noun modification, or the phrase order of the Mandarin sentence, you should
select exercises in Part A. Part A also includes some practice with Pinyin
romanization, and some activities involving Chinese characters that will help
you to better understand the structure of characters. Part B, ‘Situations and
functions,’ focuses on communication. When you want to practice giving an
opinion, or politely refusing a request, or to talk about the past, you should
select exercises from Part B. You can work on related structures as you practice
communicative tasks. For example, when practicing talking about the past you
may wish to consult the chapters on verbs in Part A.
Most exercises in the Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook are followed
by one or more numbers indicating the section(s) of the Grammar in which the
relevant structures or functions are discussed. For example, the number 30.2
following an exercise indicates that the exercise targets the material presented in
Chapter 30, section 2. You should study the presentation in the Grammar before
completing the relevant activities in the Workbook.
This Workbook includes an alphabetical Index to help you to locate exercises that
focus on particular structures or functions. The numbers following each item in
the Index indicate the sections of the Workbook in which activities are presented.
Finally, an Answer Key is provided at the end of the book. Check the answer key
only after you have completed each activity!

ix
Part A

Structures

1
1
Overview of pronunciation and
Pinyin romanization
1 Put the tone mark over the appropriate vowel.
a. xian (1) e. tou (2)
b. bie (2) f. huai (4)
c. xuan (3) g. chui (1)
d. yue (4) h. zao (3)
➪ 1.2.1
2 Rewrite these sentences and phrases to indicate the changed tones in natural
speech.
Example: nǐ hǎo - ní hǎo

a. Xiǎo Lǐ
b. wǔ bǎ yǐzi
c. Nǐ yǒu gǒu ma?
d. Wǒ hěn hǎo.
e. Tā yě xiǎng mǎi bǐ.
f. Wǒ xiǎng mǎi shū.
g. Tā yǒu jiǔ gè péngyou.
h. wǔshíwǔ běn shū
➪ 1.1.3
3 Correct the Pinyin spelling for each of the following words and syllables.
a. kwai f. üe
b. uan g. shuesheng
c. pengyow h. jungguo
d. quian i. hsiao
e. dwo j. iao
➪ 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.2.2

3 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-2
2
Syllable, meaning, and word
1 Rewrite these sentences and phrases to indicate the changed tones in natural
speech.
Example: yī tiáo - yì tiáo
a. yī tiáo lù f. yī gè rén
b. bù tài guì g. yī shù huār
c. yī kuài qián h. yī háng
d. yī mén kè i. yī bù diànyǐng
e. yī suǒ fángzi j. bù cuò

➪ 2.3

4 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-3
3
The Chinese writing system:
an overview
1 Here is a table of common character shapes.
A B C D E F

top-bottom left-right outside- L-shaped covered on top enclosure

inside top and left open on bottom
Indicate the shape of each of the following characters by writing the letter for
the shape next to each character. Note that some of these characters are written
in simplified form and some are written in traditional form.

✽ 㔨
㰢 ು
ᛇ ⑰
䍞 ᓇ
仃 ᖬ
䳋 ሒ
咏 Ꮅ
㙝 ℵ
䖭 ৠ
䇈 ሔ
➪ 3.2.1
2 Here is a list of some common character component parts.
জ Ꮉ ೳ ᳼ ཇ ᮹g ᳜ ᖗ

Each of the following characters includes one or more of these component parts.
Write the shared component parts next to the character. The first one has been
done for you.

㗙 ᮹ˈ ೳ Ḝ
↉ ぎ
ὐ ᯧ

5 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-4
STRUCTURES

␪ ᛣ
䛑 䍷
✻ ট
佭 ೄ
ᛇ 䲒
Ꮊ 㤿
⏙ ྨ

➪ 3.2.1
3 Using a traditional character dictionary as your reference, circle the radical in
each of the following characters.
Example: ஢ -
a. ད f. 䣶
b. ‫ץ‬ g. 䗭
c. 䁾 h. ⓶
d. ㇇ i. ᕲ
e. ㋙
➪ 3.2.2
4 Using a simplified character dictionary as your reference, circle the radical in
each of the following characters.
a. 䖛 f. ᇍ
b. ᠓ g. Ἦ
c. 䯏 h. 㘾
d. ᚙ i. ⊏
e. ᬥ
➪ 3.2.2
5 Consult a dictionary to find the simplified radical that corresponds to each of
the following traditional radicals.
Example: 㿔 = 䅴
a. 䭔 e. 侀
b. 䒞 f. 䉱
c. ㋌ g. 䞥
d. 亳 h. 儮
6 Sometimes a simplified character is formed by taking one part of its traditional
form. Match the traditional character in the column on the left with its simplified
form in the column on the right. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
Example: ᕲ = Ң
a. 亯 A. ҆

6
The Chinese writing system: an overview

b. 㖦 B. Б
c. 䲪 C. ⬉
d. 䳏 D. 亲
e. 呫 E. Ϯ
f. ὁ F. д
g. ᒷ G. 㱑
h. 㽾 H. ᑓ

➪ 3.1
7 Consult a dictionary to find the simplified character that corresponds to each of
the following traditional characters. Write each simplified character beside the
corresponding traditional character.
Example: ᇡ = ᇍ
a. 䃯 f. ℤ
b. พ g. ᅌ
c. ῷ h. 䁡
d. 㰁 i. 㙑
e. 䗷 j. Ლ
➪ 3.1
8 Look up the following characters in a dictionary and identify the shared
pronunciation in each group. Arrange the characters according to their common
phonetic.
⠌ˈキˈ৻ˈऴˈජˈ䁴ˈ㎅ˈ៬ˈᡞ
ˈ࠯ˈᵅˈẳˈ៤ˈ‫ˈޡ‬䣐

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5

➪ 3.2.3
9 Indicate the total number of strokes in each of the following characters.
Example: ៥ = 7
a. Ё e. ᓴ
b. 䍄 f. ᆿ
c. এ g. ‫ݭ‬
d. ᔉ
➪ 3.4

7
4
Phrase order in the Mandarin
sentence
1 Underline the main verb and bracket the main nouns (the ones that serve as
subject and direct object) in the following Mandarin sentences.
Example: >Ҫ@ 㒭 >៥@ >ϔᴀк@DŽ
>Ҫ@ ㌺ >៥@ >ϔᴀ᳌@DŽ
[Tā] gěi [wǒ] [yī běn shū].
[He] gave (gives) [me] [one book].
a. ៥᯼໽䎳᳟টৗज佁њDŽ
៥᯼໽䎳᳟টৗज仃њDŽ
Wǒ zuótiān gēn péngyou chī wǔfàn le.
Yesterday I ate lunch with friends.
b. ៥ⱘᓳᓳ↣໽ⳟ⬉㾚DŽ
៥ⱘᓳᓳ↣໽ⳟ䳏㽪DŽ
Wǒ de dìdi měitiān kàn diànshì.
My younger brother watches television every day.
c. Ё೑ⱘ໻ᄺ⫳гϞ㔥৫˛
Ё೟ⱘ໻ᅌ⫳гϞ㎆஢˛
Zhōngguó de dàxuéshēng yě shàng wǎng ma?
Do Chinese university students also surf the web?
d. ජ䞠ⱘкᑫ᳝ᕜ໮໪೑кDŽ
ජ㺣ⱘ᳌ᑫ᳝ᕜ໮໪೟᳌DŽ
Chéng lǐ de shūdiàn yǒu hěn duō wàiguó shū.
The bookstore in the city has a lot of foreign books.
e. ៥Ҟ໽ϟज೼݀ುⱘ䮼ষㄝԴDŽ
៥Ҟ໽ϟज೼݀೦ⱘ䭔ষㄝԴDŽ
Wǒ jīntiān xiàwǔ zài gōngyuán de ménkǒu děng nǐ.
I’ll wait for you at the park gate this afternoon.
➪ 4.1

8 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-5
Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence

2 Underline the prepositional phrases in the following Mandarin sentences.

Example: Ҫ䎳Ҫⱘཇ᳟টৗᰮ佁DŽ
Ҫ䎳Ҫⱘཇ᳟টৗᰮ仃DŽ
Tā gēn tā de nǚ péngyou chī wǎnfàn.
He eats dinner with his girlfriend.
a. ៥㒭ཊཊ‫ֵݭ‬њDŽ
៥㌺ཊཊᆿֵњDŽ
Wǒ gěi nǎinai xiě xìn le.
I wrote a letter to my grandma.
b. ៥ᇍᖗ⧚ᄺᕜ᳝݈䍷DŽ
៥ᇡᖗ⧚ᅌᕜ᳝㟜䍷DŽ
Wǒ duì xīnlǐxué hěn yǒu xìngqù.
I am very interested in psychology.
c. ៥ᕜ୰⃶䎳᳟টএ⥽DŽ
៥ᕜ୰ℵ䎳᳟টএ⥽DŽ
Wǒ hěn xǐhuan gēn péngyou qù wán.
I really like to go out with my friends.
d. 㽕ᰃԴᖭˈ៥ৃҹ᳓Դ‫خ‬䖭ӊџDŽ
㽕ᰃԴᖭˈ៥ৃҹ᳓Դ‫خ‬䗭ӊџDŽ
Yàoshi nǐ máng, wǒ kěyǐ tì nǐ zuò zhè jiàn shì.
If you are busy I can do that for you.
e. ԴҔМᯊ‫ࠄ׭‬៥ᆊᴹ˛
Դ⫮咑ᰖ‫ࠄ׭‬៥ᆊ՚˛
Nǐ shénme shíhòu dào wǒ jiā lái?
When are you coming to my house?
➪ 4.3
3 The following sentences and phrases include ‘time when’ expressions, location
expressions, and prepositional phrases. Rewrite the Mandarin sentences, putting
the phrases in the correct order to convey the meanings in the English
translations.
a. ៥ᄺњЁ᭛এᑈ೼Ё೑DŽ
៥ᅌњЁ᭛এᑈ೼Ё೟DŽ
Wǒ xué le Zhōngwén qùnián zài Zhōngguó.
I studied Chinese last year in China.
b. ↣໽䛑៥⺄ࠄҪ೼ᄺ⫳ЁᖗDŽ
↣໽䛑៥⺄ࠄҪ೼ᅌ⫳ЁᖗDŽ
Měitiān dōu wǒ pèngdào tā zài xuésheng zhōngxīn.
I run into him every day in the student center.

9
STRUCTURES

c. Դᛇ㒧ီ䎳ҔМḋⱘҎᇚᴹ˛
Դᛇ㌤ီ䎳⫮咑ῷⱘҎᇛ՚˛
Nǐ xiǎng jiéhūn gēn shénme yàng de rén jiānglái?
What kind of person do you plan to marry in the future?
d. Ҫᠧњ⬉䆱᯼໽ᰮϞ㒭៥DŽ
Ҫᠧњ䳏䁅᯼໽ᰮϞ㌺៥DŽ
Tā dǎ le diànhuà zuótiān wǎnshang gěi wǒ.
Last night he phoned me.
e. 䎳ҪҪ䇋៥এⳟ⬉ᕅ⼐ᢰ݁DŽ
䎳ҪҪ䂟៥এⳟ䳏ᕅ⾂ᢰ݁DŽ
Gēn tā tā qǐng wǒ qù kàn diànyǐng lǐbài liù.
He invited me to go see a movie with him on Saturday.
➪ 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
4 Insert the phrase in parentheses into the appropriate location in the sentence
based on the English translation.
a. ៥ ________ ೼᮹ᴀԣњ ________DŽ Ѩᑈ
Wǒ ________ zài Rìběn zhùle ________. (wǔ nián)
I lived in Japan for five years.
b. ៥ ________ ୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅ ________DŽ г
៥ ________ ୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅ ________DŽ г
Wǒ ________ xǐhuān kàn diànyǐng ________. (yě)
I like to watch movies too.
c. ៥ ________ 䛑ಲᆊ ________DŽ ↣Ͼ਼᳿
៥ ________ 䛑ಲᆊ ________DŽ ↣‫ן‬䘅᳿
Wǒ ________ dōu huí jiā ________. (měi gè zhōumò)
I go home every weekend.
d. ៥ ________ Ꮉ԰ ________DŽ ೼೒к佚
៥ ________ Ꮉ԰ ________DŽ ೼೪᳌仼
Wǒ ________ gōngzuò ________. (zài túshūguǎn)
I work at the library.
e. Դ㽕ϡ㽕 ________ এⳟ⬉ᕅ ________˛ 䎳៥
Դ㽕ϡ㽕 ________ এⳟ䳏ᕅ ________˛ 䎳៥
Nǐ yào bu yào ________ qù kàn diànyǐng ________? (gēn wǒ)
Would you like to go to the movies with me?
f. ៥ ________ ≵᳝݈䍷 ________DŽ ᇍ໪೑⬉ᕅ
៥ ________ ≦᳝㟜䍷 ________DŽ ᇡ໪೟䳏ᕅ
Wǒ ________ méi yǒu xìngqù ________. (duì wàiguó diànyǐng)
I’m not interested in foreign movies.
➪ 4.4, 4.5, 4.6. 4.7, 4.9

10
Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence

5 Rewrite these sentences, adding the negation word provided in parentheses into
the sentence in the appropriate location.
a. ៥୰⃶ৗ㟁䈚㜤DŽ ϡ
៥୰ℵৗ㟁䈚㜤DŽ ϡ
Wǒ xǐhuān chī chòu dòufu. (bù)
I don’t like to eat stinky bean curd.
b. ៥Ӏᛇ䎳Դϔ䍋এⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ ϡ
៥‫ץ‬ᛇ䎳Դϔ䍋এⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ ϡ
Wǒmen xiǎng gēn nǐ yīqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng. (bù)
We don’t want to go with you to see a movie.
c. Ҫ೼令ख़Ꮉ԰ˈҪ೼ᆓ㟡Ꮉ԰DŽ ϡ
Ҫ೼令ᓇᎹ԰ˈҪ೼ᆓ㟡Ꮉ԰DŽ ϡ
Tā zài cāntīng gōngzuò, tā zài sùshè gōngzuò. (bù)
He doesn’t work in the cafeteria; he works in the dorm.
d. Ҫ㒭៥ᠧ⬉䆱DŽ ≵
Ҫ㌺៥ᠧ䳏䁅DŽ ≦
Tā gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà. (méi)
He didn’t phone me.
e. Ҫ೼⊩೑ᗉкˈҪ೼ᖋ೑ᗉкDŽ ϡ
Ҫ೼⊩೟ଌ᳌ˈҪ೼ᖋ೟ଌ᳌DŽ ϡ
Tā zài Fǎguó niànshū, tā zài Déguó niànshū. (bù)
He doesn’t study in France, he studies in Germany.
➪ 4.8

11
5
Nouns
1 Complete these sentences with the appropriate pronouns to match the English
translations.
a. ________ ᕫᛇࡲ⊩㾷‫އ‬䖭Ͼ䯂乬DŽ
________ ᕫᛇ䕺⊩㾷‫އ‬䗭‫ן‬ଣ丠DŽ
________ děi xiǎng bànfǎ jiějué zhège wèntí.
We should think of a way to solve this problem.
b. ________ ᛇ䇋 ________ ৗᰮ佁DŽ
________ ᛇ䂟 ________ ৗᰮ仃DŽ
________ xiǎng qǐng ________ chī wǎnfàn.
We want to invite you to dinner.
c. ________ ݁⚍䩳ৗᰮ佁DŽ
________ ݁咲䧬ৗᰮ仃DŽ
________ liù diǎn zhōng chī wǎnfàn.
They eat dinner at 6 p.m.
d. ________ ϡ䅸䆚 ________DŽ
________ ϡ䁡䄬 ________DŽ
________ bù rènshi ________.
I don’t know them.
e. ________ ਀䇈 ________ ᕜ୰⃶ ________DŽ
________ 㙑䁾 ________ ᕜ୰ℵ ________DŽ
________ tīngshuō ________ hěn xǐhuān ________.
I heard that he likes her a lot.
➪ 5.2
2 Complete these sentences with the appropriate expressions to indicate
possession.
a. ________ ᆓ㟡⾏೒к佚ᕜ䖥DŽ
________ ᆓ㟡䲶೪᳌仼ᕜ䖥DŽ
________ sùshè lí túshūguǎn hěn jìn.
Her dorm is close to the library.

12 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-6
Nouns

b. 䖭ᰃ ________ ᳟টDŽ
䗭ᰃ ________ ᳟টDŽ
Zhè shì ________ péngyou.
This is my friend.
c. Ҫᰃ ________ ᓳᓳDŽ
Tā shì ________ dìdi.
He is my younger brother.
d. ________ ᆓ㟡ᕜ໻ˈ________ ᕜᇣDŽ
________ sùshè hěn dà, ________ hěn xiǎo.
Your dormitory is very big. Ours is very small.
e. 䙷Ͼ᠟ᴎᰃ ________ ৫˛
䙷‫ן‬᠟″ᰃ ________ ஢˛
Nàge shǒujī shì ________ ma?
Is that cell phone yours?
➪ 5.2, 5.2.4
3 What does George say in these situations? Complete the sentences with
the appropriate pronouns to match the English translations.
a. George introduces his classmates from Chinese class to his mother:
________ 䛑ᰃ ________ ⱘৠᄺDŽ________ ᰃ೼Ё᭛䇒䅸䆚ⱘDŽ
________ 䛑ᰃ ________ ⱘৠᅌDŽ________ ᰃ೼Ё᭛䂆䁡䄬ⱘDŽ
________ dōu shì ________ de tóngxué. ________ shì zài Zhōngwén kè rènshi de.
They are all my friends. I met them in Chinese class.
b. George is telling his friend about getting his girlfriend some flowers for
her birthday today.
Ҟ໽ᰃ ________ ⱘ⫳᮹ˈ________ ᕜ୰⃶㢅ˈ᠔ҹ ________ ᛇф㢅䗕㒭
________DŽ________ ৃҹ䰾៥ϔ䍋এф৫˛
Ҟ໽ᰃ ________ ⱘ⫳᮹ˈ________ ᕜ୰ℵ㢅ˈ᠔ҹ ________ ᛇ䊋㢅䗕㌺
________DŽ________ ৃҹ䰾៥ϔ䍋এ䊋஢˛
Jīntiān shì ________ de shēngrì, ________ hěn xǐhuān huā, suǒyǐ ________
xiǎng mǎi huā sòng gěi ________. ________ kěyǐ péi wǒ yīqǐ qù mǎi ma?
Today is her birthday, she likes flowers a lot, so I want to buy flowers to give
to her. Can you go with me (accompany me) to buy flowers?
c. George wants to borrow Kevin’s Chinese textbook but Kevin refuses.
George: ________ ৃҹ䎳 ________ ‫׳‬Ё᭛䇒ᴀ৫˛________ ᖬᏺњDŽ
________ ৃҹ䎳 ________ ‫׳‬Ё᭛䂆ᴀ஢˛________ ᖬᐊњDŽ
________ kěyǐ gēn ________ jiè Zhōngwén kèběn ma? ________
wàngle dài.
Can you loan me a Chinese textbook? I forgot to bring it.
Kevin: ϡ㸠ʽᯢ໽ ________ ᳝㗗䆩ˈԴ ________ এ೒к佚‫৻׳‬ʽ
ϡ㸠ʽᯢ໽ ________ ᳝㗗䀺ˈԴ ________ এ೪᳌仼‫৻׳‬ʽ
Bù xíng! míngtiān ________ yǒu kǎoshì, nǐ ________ qù túshūguǎn jièba!
I can’t. Tomorrow I have a test. Go to the library yourself to borrow it.
➪ 5.2
13
6
Numbers
1 Write these numbers in Chinese characters or Pinyin.
Example: 72 - ϗकѠ
a. 6 c. 11 e. 23 g. 55
b. 15 d. 36 f. 84 h. 97
➪ 6.1
2 Rewrite these phone numbers in Chinese characters and Pinyin.
a. 6505-7823 c. 911 e. 852-2609-5498
b. 781-283-2191 d. 032-457-7639 f. 8529-6688
➪ 6.1.1
3 Fill in the blank with Ѡ èr or ϸ/ܽ liǎng as appropriate.
a. ________ ᡞộᄤ f. ________ Ͼ᯳ᳳ
________ ‫ן‬᯳ᳳ
________ bǎ yǐ zi ________ gè xīng qī
two chairs two weeks
b. क ________ ᓴḠᄤ g. ________ ‫ן‬᳜
क ________ ᔉḠᄤ
shí ________ zhāng zhuōzi ________ gè yuè
twelve tables two months
c. ________ कϾᄺ⫳ h. ________ ⃵
________ क‫ן‬ᅌ⫳
________ shí gè xué shēng ________ cì
twenty students two times
d. ________ ໽ i. 䳊⚍ ________
䳊咲 ________
________ tiān líng diǎn ________
two days 0.2
e. ________ ᑈ j. ________ ϝⱒഫ䪅
________ ϝⱒพ䣶
________ nián ________ sān bǎi kuài qián
two years two or three hundred dollars
➪ 6.1

14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-7
Numbers

4 Complete the table by writing the Arabic numerals in Chinese and the Chinese
numbers as Arabic numerals.
Arabic numeral Chinese number
a. 1,276
b. ϝϛѨग݁ⱒϝकಯ
ϝ㨀Ѩग݁ⱒϝकಯ
sānwàn wǔqiān liùbǎi sānshísì
c. 256,758
d. бⱒ݁कϛ
бⱒ݁क㨀
jiǔbǎi liù shí wàn
e. 1,893,683
f. 3,027
g. ϝकϗϛ䳊ϝकѨ
ϝकϗ㨀䳊ϝकѨ
sānshí qī wàn líng sānshí wǔ
h. 279,005
i. ϝⱒ䳊ϗϛбग䳊ϔ
ϝⱒ䳊ϗ㨀бग䳊ϔ
sānbǎi líng qī wàn jiǔqiān líng yī
j. ݁ग݁ⱒѠकϛбगϝⱒܿक
݁ग݁ⱒѠक㨀бगϝⱒܿक
liùqiān liùbǎi èrshí wàn jiǔqiān sānbǎi bāshí
➪ 6.2
5 Complete the table by adding the corresponding ordinal numbers in English and
Mandarin.
English ordinal Mandarin ordinal
a. 20th
b. ㄀б
dì jiǔ
c. 3rd
d. ㄀कϗ
dì shíqī
e. ㄀ϔ
dì yī
f. 12th
g. 48th
h. ㄀ϝक݁
dì sānshíliù
➪ 6.4

15
STRUCTURES

6 Complete the table, expressing the Mandarin phrases in English and the English
phrases in Mandarin.
English Mandarin
a. 50 more or less
b. ϸⱒҹϟ
ܽⱒҹϟ
liǎng bǎi yǐxià
c. almost 100
d. ϸϝϾᄺ⫳
ܽϝ‫ן‬ᅌ⫳
liǎng sān gè xuésheng
e. nine or ten students
f. less than 10
g. ѨकҹϞ
wǔshí yǐshàng
h. more than a month
➪ 6.5
7 Complete the table by adding the corresponding fractions and percentages in
Mandarin and English.
English Mandarin
a. 5/8
b. ϝߚПϔ
sān fēn zhīyī
c. 0.75
d. ⱒߚПϝक
bǎi fēn zhī sānshí
e. 8.33
f. 䳊⚍䳊䳊ϝ
䳊咲䳊䳊ϝ
líng diǎn líng líng sān
g. 4/5
h. ϗߚПϔ
qī fēn zhī yī
➪ 6.6

16
Numbers

8 Put ञ bàn in the right location in each phrase to express the English meaning.
Example: 31/2 minutes - ϝߚञ sān fēn bàn
a. 91/2 hours [䩳༈/䧬丁 zhōngtóu hour]
b. 11/2 cups of coffee [੪ଵ kāfēi coffee, ᵃ/ⲗ bēi cup]
c. /2 month [᳜ yuè month]
1

d. 11/2 months
e. /2 year [ᑈ nián year]
1

f. 31/2 years
1
g. /2 book
h. 21/2 semesters [ᄺᳳ/ᅌᳳ xuéqī semester]
i. 31/2 bowls of rice [⹫ wǎn bowl]
j. /2 glass of beer [ସ䜦 píjiǔ beer]
1

➪ 6.6.4
9 Write out the discount in Chinese.
Example: 20% off = ᠧܿᡬ dǎ bāzhé
a. 30% off
b. 10% off
c. 50% off
d. 25% off
➪ 6.6.6
10 Here is the original price and the discount. Compute the final price.
Example: 100 ‫ ܗ‬yuán 1 ᡬ zhé - 10 ‫ ܗ‬yuán
Original price Discount Final price
a. 30 ‫ ܗ‬yuán 9 ᡬ zhé
b. 160 ‫ ܗ‬yuán 8 ᡬ zhé
c. 80 ‫ ܗ‬yuán 5 ᡬ zhé
d. 500 ‫ ܗ‬yuán 2 ᡬ zhé
e. 1000 ‫ ܗ‬yuán 7.5 ᡬ zhé
f. 24000 ‫ ܗ‬yuán 6 ᡬ zhé
➪ 6.6.6

17
7
Specifiers and demonstratives
1 Fill in each blank with a word from the following list to complete each sentence
according to its English translation.
䖭/䗭 zhè, 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬zhèr, 䖭䞠/䗭㺣 zhèlǐ
䙷 nà, 䙷‫ܓ‬/䙷‫ ܦ‬nàr, 䙷䞠/䙷㺣 nàlǐ
ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr, ા䞠/ા㺣 nǎlǐ
a. ________ ᰃ៥ⱘˈ________ ᰃԴⱘDŽ
________ shì wǒ de, ________ shì nǐ de.
This is mine, that is yours.
b. Դ਼᳿এ ________ њ˛
Nǐ zhōumò qù ________ le?
Where did you go this weekend?
c. Դⶹ䘧៥ⱘЁ᭛к೼ ________ ৫˛
Դⶹ䘧៥ⱘЁ᭛᳌೼ ________ ஢˛
Nǐ zhīdào wǒ de Zhōngwén shū zài ________ ma?
Do you know where my Chinese book is?
d. ________ ᰃ៥Ҟ໽фⱘᄫ‫ˈ݌‬ᕜϡ䫭DŽ
________ ᰃ៥Ҟ໽䊋ⱘᄫ‫ˈ݌‬ᕜϡ䤃DŽ
________ shì wǒ jīntiān mǎi de zìdiǎn, hěn bù cuò.
This is the dictionary I bought today. It’s not bad.
e. 䇋䯂ˈ೼ ________ ৃҹфࠄЁ೑ⱘ䚂⼼˛
䂟ଣˈ೼ ________ ৃҹ䊋ࠄЁ೟ⱘ䛉⼼˛
Qǐng wèn, zài ________ kěyǐ mǎidào Zhōngguo de yóupiào?
Excuse me, where can you buy Chinese stamps?
f. ϟ䇒ҹৢ៥Ӏ䛑এᇣᓴ ________ˈԴএ৫˛
ϟ䂆ҹᕠ៥‫ץ‬䛑এᇣᔉ ________ˈԴএ஢˛
Xià kè yǐhòu wǒmen dōu qù xiǎo Zhāng ________, nǐ qù ma?
After class we are all going to Xiao Zhang’s. Are you going?
g. ________ ᕜᅝ䴭ˈഄᮍгᕜ໻ˈԴৃҹᨀ䖛ᴹDŽ
________ ᕜᅝ䴰ˈഄᮍгᕜ໻ˈԴৃҹᨀ䘢՚DŽ
________ hěn ānjìng, dìfāng yě hěn dà, nǐ kěyǐ bānguòlái.
It is very peaceful here and also spacious. You can move in.

18 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-8
Specifiers and demonstratives

h. ________ ᰃ䇕ⱘ⬉㛥˛ᗢМᬒ೼ ________ њ˛

________ ᰃ䂄ⱘ䳏㜺˛ᗢ咐ᬒ೼ ________ њ˛
________ shì shéi de diànnǎo? Zěnme fàng zài ________ le?
Whose computer is this? Why is it here?
i. Դ ________ ↨៥ ________ ᅝ䴭DŽ៥ӀএԴ ________ ᄺд৻DŽ
Դ ________ ↨៥ ________ ᅝ䴰DŽ៥‫ץ‬এԴ ________ ᅌ㖦৻DŽ
Nǐ ________ bǐ wǒ ________ ānjìng. Wǒmen qù nǐ ________ xuéxí ba.
Your place is more peaceful than mine. Let’s go to your place to study.
j. 䇋䯂ˈ೒к佚೼ ________ˈ⾏ ________ 䖰৫˛
䂟ଣˈ೪᳌仼೼ ________ˈ䲶 ________ 䘴஢˛
Qǐng wèn, túshūguǎn zài ________, lí ________ yuǎn ma?
Excuse me, where is the library? Is it far from here?
➪ 7
2 Complete the following dialogue by filling in each blank with a word from
the list presented in (1) above.
George is talking to Kevin in Kevin’s dorm.
George: Դ਼᳿এ (a)________ њ˛៥㒭Դᠧ⬉䆱Դϡ೼DŽ
Դ䘅᳿এ (a)________ њ˛៥㌺Դᠧ䳏䁅Դϡ೼DŽ
Nǐ zhōumò qù (a)________ le? Wǒ gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà nǐ bù zài.
Where did you go this weekend? I phoned you but you weren’t home.
Kevin: ៥⠌ཛྷҢ࣫ࡴᎲࠄ (b)________ ᴹⳟ៥DŽ៥ᏺҪӀߎএ⥽ˈᰮϞ೼៥ཇ᳟ট
(c)________ ৗ佁DŽ᳝џ৫˛

៥⠌႑ᕲ࣫ࡴᎲࠄ (b)________ ՚ⳟ៥DŽ៥ᐊҪ‫ߎץ‬এ⥽ˈᰮϞ೼៥ཇ᳟ট

(c)________ ৗ仃DŽ᳝џ஢˛

Wǒ bà-mā cóng běi Jiāzhōu dào (b)________ lái kàn wǒ. Wǒ dài tāmen
chūqu wán, wǎnshang zài wǒ nǚ péng you (c)________ chī fàn. Yǒu shì
ma?
My dad and mom came here from northern California to see me.
I took them out, and in the evening we ate at my girlfriend’s place.
What’s up?
George: Դϡᰃ㽕ᡒ᠓ᄤ৫˛៥ᐂԴᡒњϔϾˈԴⳟⳟDŽ(George shows Kevin the
housing ad.)
Դϡᰃ㽕ᡒ᠓ᄤ஢˛៥ᐿԴᡒњϔ‫ˈן‬ԴⳟⳟDŽ
Nǐ bù shì yào zhǎo fángzi ma? Wǒ bāng nǐ zhǎole yīgè, nǐ kàn kàn.
Aren’t you looking for a place to live? I’ve helped you to find one. Look.
Kevin: (d)________ Ͼ᠓ᄤⳟ䍋ᴹϡ䫭ˈ೼ (e)________˛
(d)________ ‫ן‬᠓ᄤⳟ䍋՚ϡ䤃ˈ೼ (e)________˛
(d)________ gè fángzi kànqilai bùcuò, zài (e)________?

This house looks pretty good. Where is it?

19
STRUCTURES

George: ⾏ (f)________ ᕜ䖥ˈা㽕कߚ䩳ˈ⦄೼ህএ৻ʽ

䲶 (f)________ ᕜ䖥ˈা㽕कߚ䧬ˈ⧒೼ህএ৻ʽ
Lí (f)________ hěn jìn, zhǐ yào shí fēn zhōng, xiànzài jiù qù ba!
It’s very near here, only 10 minutes away. Let’s go now!
Kevin: དDŽϞ⃵៥এⳟⱘ (g)________ Ͼ᠓ᄤ໾ᇣњˈᏠᳯ (h)________ Ͼ᠓ᄤ໳໻DŽ
དDŽϞ⃵៥এⳟⱘ (g)________ ‫ן‬᠓ᄤ໾ᇣњˈᏠᳯ (h)________ ‫ן‬᠓ᄤ໴໻DŽ
Hǎo. Shàngcì wǒ qù kàn de (g)________ gè fángzi tài xiǎo le, xīwàng
________ gè fángzi gòu dà.
(h)

Okay. The house I went to look at last time was too small. I hope this
house is big enough.
George: 䙷៥Ӏ䍄৻DŽ
䙷៥‫ץ‬䍄৻DŽ
Nà wǒmen zǒu ba.
Well then, let’s go.
Kevin: ㄝϔϟˈ៥ᗢМᡒϡࠄ៥ⱘ᠟ᴎˈଞˈ៥ৃ㛑ᡞ᠟ᴎᖬ೼៥ཇ᳟ট
(i)________ њˈ៥Ӏ‫ܜ‬এᣓDŽ

ㄝϔϟˈ៥ᗢ咐ᡒϡࠄ៥ⱘ᠟″ˈଞˈ៥ৃ㛑ᡞ᠟″ᖬ೼៥ཇ᳟ট
(i)________ њˈ៥‫ܜץ‬এᣓDŽ

Děng yīxià, wǒ zěnme zhǎobudào wǒ de shǒuji, a, wǒ kěnéng bǎ

shǒujī wàng zài wǒ nǚ péngyou (i)________ le, wǒmen xiān qù ná.
Wait a minute. How come I can’t find my cell phone? I may have
forgotten it at my girlfriend’s place. First, let’s go and get it.
George: ৃᰃҢ (j)________ এⳟ᠓ᄤ↨䕗ᮍ֓ˈ߿ᣓ᠟ᴎњDŽ
ৃᰃᕲ (j)________ এⳟ᠓ᄤ↨䓗ᮍ֓ˈ߹ᣓ᠟″њDŽ
Kěshì cóng (j)________ qù kàn fángzi bǐjiào fāngbiàn, bié ná shǒujī le.
But it’s more convenient to go look at the house from here. Don’t take
your cell phone.
(George sees a cell phone across the room next to the TV.)
Դ䁾Դⱘ᠟″ϡ㽟њˈ䙷ˈ䳏㽪ᮕ䙞ⱘ (k)________ ‫ן‬᠟″ᰃ䂄ⱘ˛
Դ䇈Դⱘ᠟ᴎϡ㾕њˈ䙷ˈ⬉㾚ᮕ䖍ⱘ (k)________ Ͼ᠟ᴎᰃ䇕ⱘ˛
Nǐ shuō nǐ de shǒujī bùjiàn le, nǎ, diànshì pángbiān de (k)________ gè
shǒujī shì shéi de?
You say your cell phone is lost. Then, whose cell phone is next to the
television?
Kevin: (l)________ Ͼ˛୨ˈ໾དњˈ(m)________ ᰃ៥ⱘ᠟ᴎʽ៥Ӏ䍄৻DŽ
(l)________ ‫˛ן‬୨ˈ໾དњˈ(m)________ ᰃ៥ⱘ᠟″ʽ៥‫ץ‬䍄৻DŽ

(l)________ gè? O, tài hǎo le, (m)________ shì wǒ de shǒujī! Wǒmen

zǒu ba.
Which one? Oh, great, that’s my cell phone! Let’s go.
➪ 7

20
8
Classifiers
1 Rewrite these noun phrases, putting the specifiers, numbers, classifiers, and
nouns in the correct order.
Example: 䙷ᄺ⫳ϝϾ - 䙷ϝϾᄺ⫳
䙷ᅌ⫳ϝ‫ן‬ 䙷ϝ‫ן‬ᅌ⫳
nà xuésheng sān gè nà sān gè xuésheng
a. 䖭Ḡᄤϸᓴ
䗭Ḡᄤܽᔉ
zhè zhuōzi liǎng zhāng
these two desks
b. 䖭ᬭᥜϝԡ
䗭ᬭᥜϝԡ
zhè jiàoshòu sān wèi
these three professors
c. ϸঠ䙷䵟ᄤ
ܽ䲭䙷䵟ᄤ
liǎng shuāng nà xiézi
those two pairs of shoes
d. ସ䜦䙷⫊ಯ
píjiǔ nà píng sì
those four bottles of beer
e. 䙷Ё᭛ϝᴀк
䙷Ё᭛ϝᴀ᳌
nà Zhōngwén sān běn shū
those three Chinese books
f. ↯㸷䖭ӊϸ
↯㸷䗭ӊܽ
máoyī zhè jiàn liǎng
these two sweaters

21 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-9
STRUCTURES

g. 䖭ϸϾᄺ⫳㣅೑
䗭ܽ‫ן‬ᅌ⫳㣅೟
zhè liǎng gè xuésheng Yīngguó
these two English students
h. ಯ᭛ᄺ䙷䇒䮼
ಯ᭛ᅌ䙷䂆䭔
sì wénxué nà kè mén
those four literature classes
➪ 8.1
2 Write these noun phrases in Chinese, using the appropriate classifier in each
phrase.
Example: those three students = 䙷ϝϾᄺ⫳/䙷ϝ‫ן‬ᅌ⫳
nà sān gè xuésheng
a. those ten students
b. these three days
c. that cell phone
d. those five photographs
e. this cup of coff ee
f. that piece of paper
➪ 8.1
3 A. Select the appropriate classifier from the following list in each scenario to
complete these dialogues.
B. Translate the dialogues into English.
Scenario 1
ᓴ/ᔉ zhāng, ӊ jiàn, ᡞ bǎ, Ͼ/‫ ן‬gè, ᴵ/ṱ tiáo, ᵱ zhī, ᴀ běn
Kevin: ᖿᓔᄺњˈ៥এфϔѯᄺ᷵㽕⫼ⱘϰ㽓ˈԴⳟˈ䖭ᆊᑫⱘϰ㽓ⳳ֓ᅰ˖
៥фњक (a)________ 䪙ヨǃϸ (b)________ ᄫ‫݌‬ǃϔ (c)________ 㚠ࣙˈ
ϸ (d)________ 㸷᳡ǃϔ (e)________ 㺸ᄤˈϔ݅ᠡϝकѨഫDŽҪӀⱘ㒌᳈
֓ᅰˈѨⱒ (f)________ ᠡಯഫѨDŽ
Kevin: ᖿ䭟ᅌњˈ៥এ䊋ϔѯᅌ᷵㽕⫼ⱘᵅ㽓ˈԴⳟˈ䗭ᆊᑫⱘᵅ㽓ⳳ֓ᅰ˖
៥䊋њक (a)________ 䠯ㄚǃܽ (b)________ ᄫ‫݌‬ǃϔ (c)________ 㚠ࣙˈ
ܽ (d)________ 㸷᳡ǃϔ (e)________ 㼆ᄤˈϔ݅ᠡϝकѨพDŽҪ‫ⱘץ‬㋭᳈
֓ᅰˈѨⱒ (f)________ ᠡಯพѨDŽ
Kevin: Kuài kāixué le, wǒ qù mǎi yīxiē xuéxiào yào yòng de dōngxi,
nǐ kàn, zhè jiā diàn de dōngxi zhēn piányi: wǒ mǎile shí (a)________
qiānbǐǃliǎng (b)________ zìdiǎnǃyī (c)________ bēibāo, liǎng (d)________
yīfuǃyī (e)________ kùzi, yīgòng cái sānshíwǔ kuài. Tāmen de zhǐ gèng
piányi, wǔbǎi (f)________ cái sì kuài wǔ.

22
Classifiers

Scenario 2: Tina and Lily are preparing for a dinner party in their backyard
tonight.
ᓴ/ᔉ zhāng, ӊ jiàn, ᡞ bǎ, Ͼ/‫ ן‬gè, ᴵ/ṱ tiáo, ᵱ zhī, ᴀ běn, ⫊ píng
Tina: Ḡộ䛑‫ޚ‬໛དњ৫˛Դ㽕ⱘѨ (a)________ 䴶ࣙǃಯ (b)________ 䜦៥䛑ф
ಲᴹњDŽ
Lily: ϔ᳝݅क (c)________ Ҏˈৃ㛑തϡϟˈ៥Ӏ䖬䳔㽕ϔ (d)________ ḠᄤDŽ
䖬᳝ˈ‫ݡ‬ᣓϝ (e)________ ộᄤ䖛ᴹDŽ঺໪ˈ↣ (f)________ ḠᄤϞ䛑㽕ᬒ
ϔ (g)________ 㢅DŽ
Tina: དDŽҞ໽ᰮϞԴこҔМ˛៥㽕こ៥ⱘ㑶㺭ᄤDŽ
Lily: ៥ᠧㅫこ៥ᮄфⱘ䙷 (h)________ 㺭ᄤˈ䜡䙷 (i)________ ⱑ㡆ⱘϞ㸷ℷདDŽ
Tina: Ḡộ䛑⑪‫٭‬དњ஢˛Դ㽕ⱘѨ (a)________ 咉ࣙǃಯ (b)________ 䜦៥䛑䊋
ಲ՚њDŽ
Lily: ϔ᳝݅क (c)________ Ҏˈৃ㛑തϡϟˈ៥‫ץ‬䙘䳔㽕ϔ (d)________ ḠᄤDŽ
䙘᳝ˈ‫ݡ‬ᣓϝ (e)________ ộᄤ䘢՚DŽ঺໪ˈ↣ (f)________ ḠᄤϞ䛑㽕ᬒ
ϔ (g)________ 㢅DŽ
Tina: དDŽҞ໽ᰮϞԴこҔ咐˛៥㽕こ៥ⱘ㋙㺭ᄤDŽ
Lily: ៥ᠧㅫこ៥ᮄ䊋ⱘ䙷 (h)________ 㺭ᄤˈ䜡䙷 (i)________ ⱑ㡆ⱘϞ㸷ℷདDŽ
Tina: Zhuōyǐ dōu zhǔnbèi hǎole ma? Nǐ yào de wǔ (a)________ miànbāo,
sì (b)________ jiǔ wǒ dōu mǎi huílai le.
Lily: Yīgòng yǒu shí (c)________ rén, kěnéng zuòbuxià, wǒmen hái xūyào yī
________ zhuōzi. hái yǒu, zài ná sān (e)________ yǐzi guòlái. lìngwài,
(d)

měi (f)________ zhuōzi shàng dōu yào fàng yī (g)________ huā.

Tina: Hǎo. Jīntiān wǎnshang nǐ chuān shénme? Wǒ yào chuān wǒ de hóng
qúnzi.
Lily: Wǒ dǎsuan chuān wǒ xīn mǎi de nà (h)________ qúnzi, pèi nà (i)________
báisè de shàngyī zhènghǎo.
➪ 8.2
4 Rewrite these prices in Chinese.
Example: $34.56 - ϝकಯഫѨ↯݁
ϝकಯพѨ↯݁
sānshísì kuài wǔ máo liù
a. $13,459 d. $450.02
b. $2,850 e. $1,222
c. $.75 f. $96,457.45
➪ 6, 8.5

23
STRUCTURES

5 Rewrite these prices in Arabic numerals.

Example: ϝकಯഫѨ↯݁ - $34.56
ϝकಯพѨ↯݁
sānshísì kuài wǔ máo liù
a. бकϝഫܿ↯ϔ
бकϝพܿ↯ϔ
jiǔshísān kuài bā máo yī
b. ಯकѨഫƻϝߚ
ಯकѨพƻϝߚ
sì shí wǔ kuài líng sān fēn
c. ܿഫϔ
ܿพϔ
bā kuài yī
d. ϸगϗⱒ䳊ϝഫ䪅
ܽगϗⱒ䳊ϝพ䣶
liǎng qiān qī bǎi líng sān kuài qián
e. ݁ഫƻбߚ
݁พƻбߚ
liù kuài líng jiǔ fēn
f. ݁↯݁ߚ
liù máo liù fēn
➪ 8.5

24
9
Noun phrases
1 Insert ⱘ de following each modifier in these noun phrases where possible.
Example: ៥᳟টᇣ⢫ - ៥ ⱘ ᳟টⱘᇣ⢫
wǒ péngyou xiáogǒu wǒ (de) péngyou de xiáogǒu
my friend’s puppy
a. 䖭ϝᴀк
䗭ϝᴀ᳌
zhè sān běn shū
these three books
b. Ѩᴀᕜ᳝ᛣᗱᇣ䇈
Ѩᴀᕜ᳝ᛣᗱᇣ䁾
wǔ běn hěn yǒu yìsī xiǎoshuō
five very interesting novels
c. Ѩᓴᕜ֓ᅰ亲ᴎ⼼
Ѩᔉᕜ֓ᅰ亯″⼼
wǔ zhāng hěn piányi fēijī piào
five very cheap airplane tickets
d. 䙷ᴵ㪱㡆㺸ᄤ
䙷ṱ㮡㡆㼆ᄤ
nà tiáo lánsè kùzi
that pair of blue trousers
e. 䙷䮼Ё᭛䇒
䙷䭔Ё᭛䂆
nà mén Zhōngwén kè
that Chinese class
f. 䙷݁ᡞᕜⓖ҂ộᄤ
nà liù bǎ hěn piàoliang yǐzi
those six pretty chairs
g. ϔ⫊Ѩकഫ䪅㨵㧘䜦
ϔ⫊Ѩकพ䣶㨵㧘䜦
yī píng wǔshí kuài qián pútao jiǔ
one $50 bottle of wine
➪ 9.1, 9.2

25 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-10
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2 Put these words in the correct order to form Mandarin noun phrases that express
the English translations.
a. Ѩ / 䪙ヨ / ៥ / ᵱ / ⱘ
Ѩ / 䠯ㄚ / ៥ / ᵱ / ⱘ
wǔ / qiānbǐ / wǒ / zhī / de
my five pencils
b. ៥ⱘ / ᳟ট / ϔϾ
៥ⱘ / ᳟ট / ϔ‫ן‬
wǒ de / péngyou / yī gè
a friend of mine
c. ϸϾ / Ҫⱘ / ৠᄺ
ܽ‫ ן‬/ Ҫⱘ / ৠᅌ
liǎng gè / tā de / tóngxué
two classmates of his
d. ϝԡ / ⱘ / 㗕Ꮬ / ៥Ӏ
ϝԡ / ⱘ / 㗕᏿ / ៥‫ץ‬
sān wèi / de / lǎoshī / wǒmen
our three teachers
e. ಯᴀк / ៥ⱘ
ಯᴀ᳌ / ៥ⱘ
sì běn shū / wǒ de
my four books
f. ộᄤ/ 䙷ᡞ / Ҫⱘ
yǐzi / nà bǎ / tā de
that chair of his
g. ཇᄽᄤ / ⱘ / ୰⃶ / ᮙ␌
ཇᄽᄤ / ⱘ / ୰ℵ / ᮙ␌
nǚháizi / de / xǐhuan / lǚyóu
a girl who likes to travel
h. ϸᓴ亲ᴎ⼼ / ⱘ / ᕜ䌉
ܽᔉ亯″⼼ / ⱘ / ᕜ䊈
liǎng zhāng fēijī piào / de / hěn guì
two expensive airplane tickets
i. 䙷ԡ / ⱘ / ᕜ催 / 㗕Ꮬ / ᖋ᭛
䙷ԡ / ⱘ / ᕜ催 / 㗕᏿ / ᖋ᭛
nà wèi / de / hěn gāo / lǎoshī / Déwén
that tall German language teacher

26
Noun phrases

j. ᕜདⱘ᳟ট / ⱘ / ៥
hěn hǎo de / péngyou / de / wǒ
a good friend of mine
k. ↯㸷 / ϔӊ / ⱘ / 咘买㡆
↯㸷 / ϔӊ / ⱘ / 咗丨㡆
máoyī / yījiàn / de / huáng yánsè
a yellow sweater
l. Ё೑ഄ೒ / ϔഫ䪅ⱘ
Ё೟ഄ೪ / ϔพ䣶ⱘ
Zhōngguó dìtú / yīkuài qián de
a $1 Chinese map
➪ 5.1, 9.1, 9.2
3 Translate the following into English.
a. 䇕ⱘЁ᭛к˛
䂄ⱘЁ᭛᳌˛
Shéi de Zhōngwén shū?
b. 䇕‫ⱘݭ‬Ё᭛к˛
䂄ᆿⱘЁ᭛᳌˛
Shéi xiě de Zhōngwén shū?
c. ԴҔМᯊ‫׭‬фⱘЁ᭛к˛
Դ⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬䊋ⱘЁ᭛᳌˛
Nǐ shénme shíhòu mǎi de Zhōngwén shū?
d. Դ೼ા‫ܓ‬фⱘЁ᭛к˛
Դ೼ા‫ܦ‬䊋ⱘЁ᭛᳌˛
Nǐ zài nǎr mǎi de Zhōngwén shū?
e. 偀㗕Ꮬ‫ⱘݭ‬ાᴀк˛
侀㗕᏿ᆿⱘાᴀ᳌˛
Mǎ lǎoshī xiě de nǎ běn shū?
f. Դ୰⃶ⱘҔМк˛
Դ୰ℵⱘ⫮咑᳌˛
Nǐ xǐhuan de shénme shū?
g. ໮ᇥ䪅ⱘк˛
໮ᇥ䣶ⱘ᳌˛
Duōshǎo qián de shū?
➪ 9.2.1

27
STRUCTURES

4 Translate these noun phrases into Mandarin.

a. these three books f. these newspapers
b. those two students g. this pair of pants
c. those five pens h. these three chairs
d. these ten notebooks i. those five desks
e. this piece of paper j. that man
➪ 5.1, 9.1, 9.2.1
5 Translate these noun phrases into Mandarin.
a. three people who study Chinese
b. the movie that I saw yesterday
c. Chinese characters that I can write
d. the man who was talking with you
e. the man who was talking with you this morning
f. the man who was talking with you in the cafeteria this morning
g. the shoes that I bought
h. the shoes that I bought in Italy
➪ 9.2.1.5, 9.2.1.6, 9.2.1.7, 9.4
6 Explain each of the following phrases in Mandarin using a noun with a modifier.
Example:þৌᴎÿᰃҔМ˛þৌᴎÿህᰃᓔ䔺ⱘҎDŽ
þৌ″ÿᰃҔ咐˛þৌ″ÿህᰃ䭟䒞ⱘҎDŽ
‘Sījī’ shì shénme? ‘Sījī’ jiù shì kāi chē de rén.
A ‘sījī’ is a person who drives cars.
a. þ೒к佚ÿᰃҔМഄᮍ˛/þ೪᳌仼ÿᰃҔ咐ഄᮍ˛‘Túshūguǎn’ (library)
shì shénme dìfang?
b. þৠሟÿᰃҔМ˛/þৠሟÿᰃҔ咐˛‘Tóngwū’ (roommate) shì shénme?
ÿᰃҔМ˛/þᒮ᏿ÿᰃҔ咐˛‘Chúshī’ (chef, cook) shì shénme?
c. þॼᏜ
d. þए⫳ÿᰃҔМ˛/þ䝿⫳ÿᰃҔ咐˛‘Yīshēng’ (doctor) shì shénme?
e. þᄺ᷵ÿᰃҔМഄᮍ˛/þᅌ᷵ÿᰃҔ咐ഄᮍ˛‘Xuéxiào’ (school)
shì shénme dìfang?
➪ 9.2

28
10
Adjectives and adjectival verbs
1 Ask yes – no questions using these subjects and adjectival verbs.
Example: Դ㌃DŽ - Դ㌃ϡ㌃˛ or Դ㌃৫˛
Դ㌃஢˛
Nǐ lèi. Nǐ lèi bù lèi? Nǐ lèi ma?
a. ҪᕜᖭDŽ
Tā hěn máng.
He’s busy.
b. 䙷ᴀк᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
䙷ᴀ᳌᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Nà běn shū yǒu yìsi.
That book is interesting.
c. 亲ᴎ⼼ᕜ䌉DŽ
亯″⼼ᕜ䊈DŽ
Fēijī piào hěn guì.
Airplane tickets are expensive.
d. 䙷ӊџᚙᕜ໡ᴖDŽ>џᚙ shìqing situation, ໡ᴖ/㻛䲰 fùzá complicated@
䙷ӊџᚙᕜ㻛䲰DŽ
Nà jiàn shìqing hěn fùzá.
That situation is complicated.
e. ཌྷⱘ⬋᳟টᕜདⳟDŽ
Tā de nán péng you hěn hǎo kàn.
Her boyfriend is good-looking.
f. ҪӀᕜ⫼ࡳDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ᕜ⫼ࡳDŽ
Tāmen hěn yònggōng.
They are hardworking.

29 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-11
STRUCTURES

g. Ҫᕜ᳝䪅DŽ
Ҫᕜ᳝䣶DŽ
Tā hěn yǒu qián.
He is rich.
h. 䙷䕚䔺ᕜᖿDŽ
䙷䓯䒞ᕜᖿDŽ
Nà liàng chē hěn kuài.
That car is fast.
➪ 10.3
2 Answer ‘no’ to each of the questions you have formed in (1) above.
➪ 10.2
3 Describe ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng in Mandarin using intensifiers and the adjectival
verbs provided. The Mandarin translations of the adjectival verbs follow each
sentence.
Example: He is somewhat lazy. - ҪⳌᔧឦDŽ
ҪⳌ⭊៊DŽ
Tā xiāngdāng lǎn.
a. He is very tall. [催 gāo]
b. He is extremely good looking. [ᏹ shuài]
c. He is rather smart. [㘾ᯢ/㙄ᯢ cōngming]
d. He is too fat. [㚪 pàng]
e. He is quite polite. [ᅶ⇨/ᅶ⇷ kèqi]
f. He is really interesting. [᳝ᛣᗱ yǒu yìsī]
➪ 10.4
4 ਼߽ Zhōu Lì exceeds ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng in every property listed below. Describe
਼߽ Zhōu Lì and ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng, using the example as your model.
Example: ᖿ kuài fast - ⥟ᯢᕜᖿDŽ਼߽᳈ᖿDŽ
Wáng Míng hěn kuài. Zhōu Lì gèng kuài.
Wang Ming is very fast. Zhou Li is even faster.

a. 㘾ᯢ/㙄ᯢ cōngming smart

b. ᳝ᴀџ yǒu běnshi talented
c. Ꮩ/ᏹ shuài handsome
d. ੠⇨/੠⇷ héqi nice
➪ 10.6

30
Adjectives and adjectival verbs

5 ⥟໻ᯢ Wáng Dàmíng, ᴢᆊৠ Lǐ Jiātóng and ᓴ໽ϔ/ᔉ໽ϔ Zhāng Tiānyī are
best friends at school. Complete the following information about them based on
the chart below.

Height GPA Size of their rooms Distance –

home to school

⥟໻ᯢ 5’11” 4.00 150 sq. ft. 2 miles

Wáng Dàmíng
ᴢᆊৠ 6’2” 3.86 200 sq. ft. 1.5 miles
Lǐ Jiātóng
ᓴ໽ϔ/ᔉ໽ϔ 5’11” 3.50 200 sq. ft 5 miles
Zhāng Tiānyī

a. ⥟໻ᯢ੠ᓴ໽ϔ ________ 催DŽ
⥟໻ᯢ੠ᔉ໽ϔ ________ 催DŽ
Wáng Dàmíng hé Zhāng Tiānyī ________ gāo.
b. ᴢᆊৠ ________ 催DŽ
Lǐ Jiātóng ________ gāo.
c. ᔉ໽ϔⱘᆊ⾏ᄺ᷵ ________DŽ>ᄺ᷵/ᅌ᷵ xuéxiào school@
ᔉ໽ϔⱘᆊ䲶ᅌ᷵ ________DŽ
Zhāng Tiānyī de jiā lí xuéxiào ________.
d. ⥟໻ᯢⱘ᠓䯈 ________DŽ
⥟໻ᯢⱘ᠓䭧 ________DŽ
Wáng Dàmíng de fángjiān ________.
e ________ ϔḋ໻DŽ
________ ϔῷ໻DŽ
________ yīyàng dà.
➪ 10.6, 10.7
6 Rewrite these phrases with adjectival verbs as sentences and translate them to
English, as in the example. Your sentences should also include the appropriate
classifier phrase for the main noun.
Example: ᕜৃ⠅ⱘᇣᄽᄤ - 䙷Ͼᇣᄽᄤᕜৃ⠅DŽ
ᕜৃᛯⱘᇣᄽᄤ 䙷‫ן‬ᇣᄽᄤᕜৃᛯDŽ
hěn kě’ài de xiǎoháizi Nàge xiǎoháizi hěn kě’ài.
a very cute child That child is very cute.

a. 䴲ᐌ䌉ⱘ䔺ᄤ
䴲ᐌ䊈ⱘ䒞ᄤ
fēicháng guì de chēzi
a very expensive car

31
STRUCTURES

b. ↨䕗໡ᴖⱘ乬Ⳃ
↨䓗㻛䲰ⱘ丠Ⳃ
bǐjiào fùzá de tímù
a relatively complex topic
c. ᕜ⌕㸠ⱘ㸷᳡
hěn liúxíng de yīfu
very stylish clothing
d. ᕜད਀ⱘ℠
ᕜད㙑ⱘ℠
hěn hǎotīng de gē
a very pleasant song
e. ໾咏⚺ⱘџᚙ
໾咏✽ⱘџᚙ
tài máfan de shìqing
a matter that is too troublesome

32
11
Stative verbs
1 Negate these sentences.
Example: ៥୰⃶ҪDŽ - ៥ϡ୰⃶ҪDŽ
៥୰ℵҪDŽ ៥ϡ୰ℵҪDŽ
Wǒ xǐhuan tā. Wǒ bù xǐhuan tā.
I like him. I don’t like him.
a. ҪᛇৗЁ೑佁DŽ
ҪᛇৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Tā xiǎng chī Zhōngguó fàn.
He wants to eat Chinese food.
b. Ҫᗩ䰠⫳ҎDŽ
Tā pà mòshēng rén.
He is very afraid of strangers.
c. ៥ពҪⱘᛣᗱDŽ
Wǒ dǒng tā de yìsi.
I understand what he means.
d. ៥ᕜ⠅ҪDŽ៥ᜓᛣ႕㒭ҪDŽ
៥ᕜᛯҪDŽ៥丬ᛣ႕㌺ҪDŽ
Wǒ hěn ài tā. Wǒ yuànyi jià gěi tā. (negate both sentences)
I love him. I am willing to marry him.
e. Ҫ‫ڣ‬Ҫ⠋⠋DŽ
Ҫ‫ڣ‬Ҫ⠎⠎DŽ
Tā xiàng tā yéye.
He resembles his grandfather.
➪ 11.1

33 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-12
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2 Introduce ᓴᇣ᯹ᇣྤ/ᔉᇣ᯹ᇣྤ Miss Zhāng Xiǎo Chūn in complete Mandarin

sentences including the following information.
a. family name
b. given name
c. age: 18 years old
d. occupation: student, studies at the university
e. possessions: doesn’t have a car, has a cat
f. likes history a lot
g. fears dogs
h. really wants to go to China
➪ 11.1, 11.2, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7
3 Complete each sentence with ᰃ shì, ྦྷ xìng, ᳝ yǒu, or ೼ zài as appropriate.
a. ೒к佚 ________ ݀ುⱘ࣫䖍DŽ
೪᳌仼 ________ ݀೦ⱘ࣫䙞DŽ
Túshūguǎn ________ gōng yuán de běibiān.
The library is north of the park.
b. ೒к佚䞠 ________ ᕜ໮໪᭛ᄫ‫݌‬DŽ
೪᳌仼㺣 ________ ᕜ໮໪᭛ᄫ‫݌‬DŽ
Túshūguǎn lǐ ________ hěn duō wàiwén zìdiǎn.
In the library there are a lot of foreign language dictionaries.
c. ཌྷ ________ ᓴDŽ
ཌྷ ________ ᔉDŽ
Tā ________ Zhāng.
Her name is Zhang.
d. ཌྷ ________ ᓴ᷵䭓DŽ
ཌྷ ________ ᔉ᷵䭋DŽ
Tā ________ Zhāng xiàozhǎng.
She is Principal Zhang.
e. ཌྷ ________ ཌྷⱘࡲ݀ᅸDŽ
ཌྷ ________ ཌྷⱘ䕺݀ᅸDŽ
Tā ________ tā de bàngōngshì.
She is in her office.
f. 䖭ᴀкᕜ ________ ᛣᗱDŽ
䗭ᴀ᳌ᕜ ________ ᛣᗱDŽ
Zhè běn shū hěn ________ yìsi.
This book is very interesting.
g. 䖭ᴀк ________ ៥ⱘDŽ㽕ᰃԴ ________ ݈䍷៥ৃҹ‫׳‬㒭ԴDŽ
䗭ᴀ᳌ ________ ៥ⱘDŽ㽕ᰃԴ ________ 㟜䍷៥ৃҹ‫׳‬㌺ԴDŽ
Zhè běn shū ________ wǒ de. Yàoshi nǐ ________ xìngqù wǒ kěyǐ jiè gěi nǐ.
This book is mine. If you are interested I can loan it to you.
➪ 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7

34
Stative verbs

4 Talking about past states. Mr. Wang and Ms. Li went to their 20 year high school
reunion and had a great time catching up. Complete the dialogue based on the
English translation.

⥟‫˖⫳ܜ‬ ៥䆄ᕫԴҹࠡ (a)__________________________________

_________________________________________________
⥟‫˖⫳ܜ‬ ៥㿬ᕫԴҹࠡ (a)__________________________________
_________________________________________________
Wáng Xiānsheng: Wǒ jìdé nǐ yǐqián (a)______________________________
_________________________________________________
Mr. Wang: I remember you used to have a dog right? Your
house was next to our school. Also you like
chemistry and history a lot.
ᴢᇣྤ˖ ԴᗢМ䖬䆄ᕫ˛䙷ᰃѠक໮ᑈࠡⱘџᚙњDŽ
ᴢᇣྤ˖ Դᗢ咐䙘㿬ᕫ˛䙷ᰃѠक໮ᑈࠡⱘџᚙњDŽ
Lǐ Xiǎojiě: Nǐ zěnme hái jìdé? Nà shì èrshíduō nián qián de
shìqing le.
Ms. Li: How can you still remember? It was more than
20 years ago.
⥟‫˖⫳ܜ‬ ៥ᔧ✊䆄ᕫʽ៥䖬䆄ᕫԴҢࠡ (b)_________________ˈ
⦄೼ਸ਼˛
⥟‫˖⫳ܜ‬ ៥⭊✊㿬ᕫʽ៥䙘㿬ᕫԴᕲࠡ (b)_________________ˈ
⧒೼ਸ਼˛
Wáng Xiānsheng: Wǒ dāngrán jìdé! Wǒ hái jìdé nǐ cóngqián
(b) _________________, xiànzài ne?
Mr. Wang: Of course I do! I also remember that you used to be
really afraid of driving [you most feared driving].
How about now?
ᴢᇣྤ ໻ュ ˖ 䙷ᰃҢࠡˈ⦄೼ᔧ✊ (c)__________________DŽ
ᴢᇣྤ ໻ュ ˖ 䙷ᰃᕲࠡˈ⧒೼⭊✊ (c)__________________DŽ
Lǐ Xiǎojiě (Dà xiào): Nà shì cóngqián, xiànzài dāngrán
__________________.
(c)

Ms. Li (Laughing out loud): That was before. Of course (I’m) not afraid
anymore.

35
12
Modal verbs
1 Fill in the blanks with Ӯ/᳗ huì, 㛑 néng, or ৃҹ kěyǐ as appropriate.
a. ᯢ໽ ________ ϡ ________ ϟ䲾˛
Míngtiān ________ bù ________ xià xuě?
Will it snow tomorrow?
b. Դᛇཌྷᯢ໽ ________ ᴹ৫˛
Դᛇཌྷᯢ໽ ________ ՚஢˛
Nǐ xiǎng tā míngtiān ________ lái ma?
Do you think she will come tomorrow?
c. Դ ________ ϡ ________ 䎥偀ᢝᵒ˛
Դ ________ ϡ ________ 䎥侀ᢝᵒ˛
Nǐ ________ bù ________ pǎo mǎlāsōng?
Are you able to run a marathon?
d. Դ ________ ϡ ________ ᠧЁ᭛ᄫ˛
Nǐ ________ bù ________ dǎ Zhōngwén zì?
Can you type in Chinese?
e. ៥ ________ ‫׳‬Դⱘ䔺৫˛
៥ ________ ‫׳‬Դⱘ䒞஢˛
Wǒ ________ jiè nǐ de chē ma?
Can I borrow your car?
f. Դ ________ ϡ ________ ᐂ៥ⱘᖭ˛
Դ ________ ϡ ________ ᐿ៥ⱘᖭ˛
Nǐ ________ bù ________ bāng wǒ de máng?
Can you help me?
g. ៥ ________ ⳟ⬉㾚৫˛
៥ ________ ⳟ䳏㽪஢˛
Wǒ ________ kàn diànshì ma?
Can I watch television?
h. Դ ________ 䇈⊩䇁৫˛
Դ ________ 䁾⊩䁲஢˛
Nǐ ________ shuō Fáyǔ ma?
Can you speak French?
➪ 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

36 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-13
Modal verbs

2 Select the most appropriate expression of obligation or prohibition from the

following list to complete each sentence.
ᑨ䆹/ឝ䁆 yīnggāi, ᑨᔧ/ឝ⭊ yīngdāng, ᕫ děi, ᖙᕫ bìděi,
ᖙ乏/ᖙ䷜ bìxū, ϡᑨ䆹/ϡឝ䁆 bù yīnggāi, ϡᖙ bù bì, ϡ䆌/ϡ䀅 bù xǔ
a. ԴӀҞ໽ᰮϞ ________ ‫ࡳخ‬䇒DŽ
Դ‫ץ‬Ҟ໽ᰮϞ ________ ‫ࡳخ‬䂆DŽ
Nǐmen jīntiān wǎnshang ________ zuò gōngkè.
You don’t have to do homework tonight.
b. Դ ________ ↣໽ᰮϞⴵܿϾᇣᯊⱘ㾝DŽ
Դ ________ ↣໽ᰮϞⴵܿ‫ן‬ᇣᰖⱘ㾎DŽ
Nǐ ________ měitiān wǎnshang shuì bā gè xiǎoshí de jiào.
You should sleep for eight hours every night.
c. Դ ________ 䖍ৗϰ㽓䖍䇈䆱DŽ
Դ ________ 䙞ৗᵅ㽓䙞䁾䁅DŽ
Nǐ ________ biān chī dōngxi biān shuō huà.
You shouldn’t talk while eating.
d. Դ ________ ᳜ܿѠक᮹ҹࠡҬᄺ䌍DŽ
Դ ________ ᳜ܿѠक᮹ҹࠡҬᅌ䊏DŽ
Nǐ ________ bāyuè èrshí rì yǐqián fù xuéfèi.
You have to pay tuition by August 20th.
e. Դ ________ 偀ϞಲᆊDŽ
Դ ________ 侀ϞಲᆊDŽ
Nǐ ________ mǎshàng huí jiā.
You must go home immediately.
f. Դ ________ ⳟ䙷ᴀкDŽ
Դ ________ ⳟ䙷ᴀ᳌DŽ
Nǐ ________ kàn nà běn shū.
You don’t have to read that book.
g. Դ ________ ೼䖭‫ذܓ‬䔺DŽ
Դ ________ ೼䗭‫ذܦ‬䒞DŽ
Nǐ ________ zài zhèr tíng chē.
You can’t park here.
h. ೼佁佚 ________ ᢑ⚳DŽ
೼仃仼 ________ ᢑ✭DŽ
Zài fànguǎn ________ chōu yān.
Smoking is not permitted in restaurants.
➪ 12.4, 12.5

37
STRUCTURES

3 Complete each sentence to match the English translation by adding the

appropriate expression of obligation and prohibition.
Example: 䇋Դⱘ᳟টৗᰮ佁 - Դᑨ䆹䇋Դⱘ᳟টৗᰮ佁DŽ
䂟Դⱘ᳟টৗᰮ仃 Դឝ䁆䂟Դⱘ᳟টৗᰮ仃DŽ
qǐng nǐ de péng you Nǐ yīnggāi qǐng nǐ de péngyou chī
chī wǎnfàn wǎnfàn.
You should invite your friends to dinner.
a. ᇍ㗕Ꮬᅶ⇨
ᇡ㗕᏿ᅶ⇷
duì lǎoshī kèqi
You should be polite to your teachers.
b. ↣໽Ϟ䇒
↣໽Ϟ䂆
měitiān shàng kè
You have to attend class every day.
c. ↣໽ᰮϞᄺЁ᭛
↣໽ᰮϞᅌЁ᭛
měitiān wǎnshang xué Zhōngwén
You ought to study Chinese every night.
d. фϔᴀЁ᭛ᄫ‫݌‬
䊋ϔᴀЁ᭛ᄫ‫݌‬
mǎi yī běn Zhōngwén zìdiǎn
You must buy a Chinese dictionary.
e. ⳟ䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅ
ⳟ䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅ
kàn nàge diànyǐng
You don’t have to see that movie.
➪ 12.4, 12.5
4 Express these obligations and prohibitions in Mandarin.
a. You should eat breakfast every morning.
b. You must lock the door. [䫕䮼/䥪䭔 suǒ mén to lock the door]
c. You should not drink too much coff ee.
d. You should not read other people’s letters.
e. You do not have to wait for me.
f. You have to find a job.
g. You don’t have to go home early.
h. You are not permitted to smoke in a hospital.
➪ 12.4, 12.5

38
Modal verbs

5 Jack’s family recently became the host family for Meiling, an exchange student
from China. Today, Jack is showing Meiling around in the neighborhood.
He tries to explain in Mandarin the signs that they pass. Fill in the blanks with
the appropriate modal verb to complete his sentences.
a. Tuition must be paid by the 5th of the month.
↣Ͼ᳜Ѩোҹࠡ ________ Ѹᄺ䌍DŽ
↣‫ן‬᳜Ѩ㰳ҹࠡ ________ Ѹᅌ䊏DŽ
Měi ge yuè wǔ hào yǐqián ________jiāo xué fèi.
b. Cell phone use prohibited while driving.
ᓔ䔺ⱘᯊ‫⫼ ________ ׭‬᠟ᴎDŽ
䭟䒞ⱘᰖ‫⫼ ________ ׭‬᠟″DŽ
Kāi chē de shíhou ________yòng shǒujī.
c. Do not touch.
________ ⺄DŽ
________ pèng.
d. No food allowed.
________ ৗϰ㽓DŽ
________ ৗᵅ㽓DŽ
________ chī dōngxi.
e. Free parking with any purchase.
фϰ㽓ህ ________ ‫ܡ‬䌍‫ذ‬䔺DŽ
䊋ᵅ㽓ህ ________ ‫ܡ‬䊏‫ذ‬䒞DŽ
Mǎi dōngxi jiù ________ miǎnfèi tíng chē.
f. French native speaker needed.
៥Ӏ䳔㽕 ________ 䇈⊩䇁ⱘҎDŽ
៥‫ץ‬䳔㽕 ________ 䁾⊩䁲ⱘҎDŽ
Wǒmen xūyào ________ shuō Fǎyǔ de rén.
6 Middle schooler 㣝㥝 Mòlì Molly has invited some friends to her house
tomorrow. Too bad some of them can’t make it. Fill in the blanks with
appropriate modal verbs to complete their replies.
a. ᵄ‫ ˖ܟ‬ᇍϡ䍋ˈ㣝㥝ˈᯢ໽៥ ________ এˈ៥᳝䎇⧗↨䌯DŽ
٥‫ ˖ܟ‬ᇡϡ䍋ˈ㣝㥝ˈᯢ໽៥ ________ এˈ៥᳝䎇⧗↨䋑DŽ
Duìbuqǐ, Mòlì, míngtiān wǒ ________ qù, wǒ yǒu zúqiú bǐsài.
Jiékè:
Jake:
Sorry, Molly, I can’t go tomorrow. I have a soccer game.
b. ⍋Ӻ˖ ᇍϡ䍋ˈ㣝㥝ˈ៥㾝ᕫ៥ ________ এˈ಴Ў៥ⱘ᡹ਞ䖬≵᳝‫ݭ‬ᅠDŽ
⍋‫ ˖׿‬ᇡϡ䍋ˈ㣝㥝ˈ៥㾎ᕫ៥ ________ এˈ಴⚎៥ⱘฅਞ䙘≦᳝ᆿᅠDŽ
Hǎilún: Duìbuqǐ, Mòlì, wǒ juéde wǒ ________ qù, yīnwèi wǒ de bàogào
hái méi yǒu xiě wán.
Helen: Sorry, Molly, I don’t think I should go because I haven’t finished my
report.

39
STRUCTURES

c. 㡒㉇˖ ᇍϡ䍋ˈ㣝㥝ˈ៥ཛྷཛྷ ________ ៥ߎএˈ಴Ў៥ϞϾ㗗䆩㗗ᕫ

໾㊳㊩њDŽ
㡒㉇˖ ᇡϡ䍋ˈ㣝㥝ˈ៥႑႑ ________ ៥ߎএˈ಴⚎៥Ϟ‫ן‬㗗䀺㗗ᕫ
໾㊳㊩њDŽ
Àimǐ: Duìbuqǐ, Mòlì, wǒ māma ________ wǒ chūqù, yīnwèi shàng gè
kǎoshì kǎo de tài zāogāo le.
Amy: Sorry, Molly. My mom isn’t letting me go out because I did very
poorly on my last test.

40
13
Action verbs
1 Complete these sentences by adding 䖛/䘢 guo or њ le according to the English
translation.
a. ៥এ ________ Ё೑ˈ≵এ ________ ᮹ᴀDŽ
៥এ ________ Ё೟ˈ≦এ ________ ᮹ᴀDŽ
Wǒ qù ________ Zhōngguó, méi qù ________ Rìběn.
I’ve been to China, I haven’t been to Japan.
b. ៥健 ________ ϔ⃵ᨽᠬ䔺DŽ
៥俢 ________ ϔ⃵ᨽᠬ䒞DŽ
Wǒ qí ________ yīcì mótuō chē.
I’ve ridden on a motorcycle once before.
c. ៥ӀᏆ㒣ⳟ ________ 䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅˈϡ㽕‫ⳟݡ‬њDŽ
៥‫ץ‬Ꮖ㍧ⳟ ________ 䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅˈϡ㽕‫ⳟݡ‬њDŽ
Wǒmen yǐjing kàn ________ nàge diànyǐng, bù yào zài kàn le.
We’ve seen that movie before. We don’t have to see it again.
d. ៥Ңᴹ≵ୱ ________ 䜦DŽ
៥ᕲ՚≦ୱ ________ 䜦DŽ
Wǒ cónglái méi hē ________ jiǔ.
I’ve never drunk alcohol before.
e. Ҫ䎳Ҫ᳟ট䇜 ________ ϔϾᇣᯊDŽ
Ҫ䎳Ҫ᳟ট䂛 ________ ϔ‫ן‬ᇣᰖDŽ
Tā gēn tā péngyou tán ________ yī gè xiǎoshí.
He and his friends talked for an hour.
f. ៥ৗ ________ ϔ⃵᮹ᴀ佁DŽ
៥ৗ ________ ϔ⃵᮹ᴀ仃DŽ
Wǒ chī ________ yīcì Rìběn fàn.
I’ve eaten Japanese food once.
g. Դ໻ᄺ↩Ϯ ________ ≵᳝˛
Դ໻ᅌ⬶ὁ ________ ≦᳝˛
Nǐ dàxué bìyè ________ méi yǒu?
Have you graduated from university?
➪ 13.1, 13.2, 37.1, 37.6

41 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-14
STRUCTURES

2 Describe ਼߽ Zhōu Lì’s day in complete Mandarin sentences, using њ le or

≵ méi as appropriate.
a. He didn’t eat breakfast.
b. He went to class.
c. He studied in the library.
d. He ate lunch.
e. He didn’t see his girlfriend.
f. He saw a movie.
g. He went to the bookstore.
h. He didn’t buy a book.
➪ 13.1, 13.3.2, 37.1, 37.3
3 ਼߽ Zhōu Lì asked his friends what they did last night. Translate their answers
into Mandarin. Be sure to include the object of the verb in your translations.
਼߽˖Դ᯼໽ᰮϞ԰њҔМ˛
਼߽˖Դ᯼໽ᰮϞ԰њ⫮咑˛
Zhōu Lì: Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshang zuò le shénme?
Example: ᇣ䛁 xiǎo Guō: I danced. - ៥䏇㟲њDŽ
Wǒ tiào wǔ le.
a. ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng: I read.
b. ᇣ催 Xiǎo Gāo: I sang with friends.
c. ᇣ↯ Xiǎo Máo: I studied at the library.
d. ᇣᵫ Xiǎo Lín: I painted two paintings.
e. ᇣԩ Xiǎo Hé: I watched TV for two hours.
➪ 13.4, 13.5.1, 39.1.2
4 㥞䲘 Zhuāng Xióng explains to his friend how hectic his life has been and what
he did last night, which is why he slept through the alarm and missed this
morning’s classes. Write a paragraph based on the English translation of his
explanation. Below is a list of verbs you can use.
Verbs: Ꮉ԰ gōngzuò ‘work,’ ᓔ䔺/䭟䒞 kāi chē ‘drive a car,’
⋫㸷᳡ xǐ yīfu ‘wash clothes,’ ‫ࡳخ‬䇒/‫ࡳخ‬䂆 zuò gōngkè ‘do homework,’
ᄺд/ᅌ㖦 xuéxí ‘study,’ ⴵ㾝/ⴵ㾎 shuì jiào ‘sleep’
Zhuang Xiong: I’ve been very busy every day recently. I work four hours a day
after class and drive an hour to go back home every day. Last night after I got
home, I did laundry for half an hour, did my homework for three hours and
studied for 2 hours. I only slept 2 1/2 hours last night. I’m extremely tired now!

42
Action verbs

㥞䲘˖៥᳔䖥↣໽䛑ᕜᖭDŽ
Zhuāng Xióng: Wǒ zuì jìn měitiān dōu hěn máng.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
➪ 13.4.2, 13.5.1
5 Mike has some very interesting friends. Translate the following sentences about
his friends into Mandarin using the durative aspect particle ⴔ/㨫 zhe.
Amy eats standing up:________________________________________________________
Beth sleeps with the door open: _____________________________________________
There’s a long coat (䭓໻㸷/䭋໻㸷 cháng dàyī) hanging on Carmen’s bedroom
wall: ________________________________________________________________________
There are 12 stone lions (⷇⣂ᄤ/⷇⤙ᄤ shí shīzi) on Derek’s desk:
_____________________________________________________________________________
Emily can only sing sitting down: ____________________________________________
Frank only wears pajamas (ⴵ㸷 shuì yī) to school: ___________________________
➪ 13.6.1

43
14
Prepositions and prepositional
phrases
1 Complete each sentence by supplying the appropriate preposition.
a. 䰜㗕Ꮬ᳝џDŽᓴ㗕Ꮬ ________ ཌྷᬭ䇒DŽ
䱇㗕᏿᳝џDŽᔉ㗕᏿ ________ ཌྷᬭ䂆DŽ
Chén lǎoshī yǒu shì. Zhāng lǎoshī ________ tā jiāo kè.
Teacher Chen had something to do. Teacher Zhang taught a class for her.
b. Ңᆓ㟡䮼ষ ________ फ䍄DŽ
ᕲᆓ㟡䭔ষ ________ फ䍄DŽ
Cóng sùshè ménkǒu ________ nán zǒu.
Go south from the entrance to the dormitory.
c. Դᑨ䆹 ________ ᅶҎᕜᅶ⇨DŽ
Դឝ䁆 ________ ᅶҎᕜᅶ⇷DŽ
Nǐ yīnggāi ________ kèren hěn kèqi.
You should be polite to guests.
d. ߿ ________ ៥ᓔ⥽ュDŽ
߹ ________ ៥䭟⥽ュDŽ
Bié ________ wǒ kāi wánxiào.
Don’t play a joke on me.
e. ៥ ________ ⦃๗ֱᡸᕜ᳝݈䍷DŽ
៥ ________ ⪄๗ֱ䅋ᕜ᳝㟜䍷DŽ
Wǒ ________ huánjìng bǎohù hěn yǒu xìngqù.
I am very interested in environmental protection.
f. Ҫ ________ ᆊৗ佁ˈϡᜓᛣ ________ 佁佚এৗ佁DŽ
Ҫ ________ ᆊৗ仃ˈϡ丬ᛣ ________ 仃仼এৗ仃DŽ
Tā ________ jiā chī fàn, bù yuànyi ________ fànguǎn qù chī fàn.
He eats at home. He isn’t willing to go to a restaurant to eat.
g. Դ ________ ཌྷ䇈ҔМњ˛
Դ ________ ཌྷ䁾⫮咑њ˛
Nǐ ________ tā shuō shénme le?
What did you say to her?

44 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-15
Prepositions and prepositional phrases

h. Ҫキ೼䮼ষ ________ ໪ⳟDŽ

Ҫキ೼䭔ষ ________ ໪ⳟDŽ
Tā zhàn zài ménkǒu ________ wài kàn.
He stands at the doorway looking out.
➪ 14.2
2 Rewrite each sentence to include the prepositional phrase.
Example: ៥䏇㟲њDŽ[with friends] - ៥䎳᳟ট䏇㟲њDŽ
Wǒ tiào wǔ le. Wǒ gēn péngyou tiào wǔ le.

a. ៥ᠧ⬉䆱њDŽ[to my friend]
៥ᠧ䳏䁅њDŽ
Wǒ dǎ diànhuà le.
I called my friend.
b. ཌྷ䇋៥ᴹৗ佁DŽ[to her house]
ཌྷ䂟៥՚ৗ仃DŽ
Tā qǐng wǒ lái chī fàn.
She invited me to come to her house to eat.
c. ៥ᗉкњDŽ[at the library]
៥ᗉ᳌њDŽ
Wǒ niàn shū le.
I studied at the library.
d. ៥ࠄཌྷᆊএњDŽ[from the library]
Wǒ dào tā jiā qù le.
I went from the library to her house.
e. ៥ф㊪њDŽ[for her]
៥䊋㊪њDŽ
Wǒ mǎi táng le.
I bought her candy.
f. ཌྷҟ㒡ཌྷⱘ⠊↡DŽ[to me]
ཌྷҟ㌍ཌྷⱘ⠊↡DŽ
Tā jièshào tā de fùmǔ.
She introduced me to her parents.
g. ৢᴹˈ៥ⳟ⬉ᕅњDŽ[with her]
ᕠ՚ˈ៥ⳟ䳏ᕅњDŽ
Hòulái, wǒ kàn diànyǐng le.
Afterwards, I saw a movie with her.
h. ៥Ӏⳟ⬉ᕅњDŽ[in the study]
៥‫ⳟץ‬䳏ᕅњDŽ
Wǒmen kàn diànyǐng le.
We watched the movie in the study.
➪ 14.1, 14.2

45
STRUCTURES

3 Introduce the new English teacher to your classmates. Use a preposition in each
sentence except (a).
a. Say that this is our new teacher.
b. Say that you want to introduce him to you.
c. Say that he has just come from the United States.
d. Say that he is teaching English at our school this year.
e. Say that he is very interested in Chinese culture.
f. Say that he wants to travel everywhere [ ৘ഄ gè dì everywhere].
g. Say that he also hopes to interact with Chinese people. [ᴹᕔ/՚ᕔ láiwǎng
to interact]
➪ 14.1, 14.2
4 My roommate is really mad today. He won’t do anything I ask him. Here are my
requests. Provide my roommate’s responses, as in the example.
Example: A: Ҟ໽䎳៥Ӏএⳟ⬉ᕅ৻DŽ
Ҟ໽䎳៥‫ץ‬এⳟ䳏ᕅ৻DŽ
Jīntiān gēn wǒmen qù kàn diànyǐng ba.
How about going to watch a movie with us today.
B: Ҟ໽៥ϡ䎳ԴӀএⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
Ҟ໽៥ϡ䎳Դ‫ץ‬এⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Jīntiān wǒ bù gēn nǐmen qù kàn diànyǐng.
I am not going to watch a movie with you today.
a. A: ϟ䇒ҹৢˈ䇋Դ㒭៥ᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
ϟ䂆ҹᕠˈ䂟Դ㌺៥ᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Xià kè yǐhòu, qǐng nǐ gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà.
Call me when class is over.
B: ___________________________________________ DŽ
b. A: ᳓៥ᡞк䖬㒭೒к佚৻DŽ
᳓៥ᡞ᳌䙘㌺೪᳌仼৻DŽ
Tì wǒ bǎ shū huángěi túshūguǎn ba.
Return the book to the library for me.
B: ___________________________________________ DŽ
c. A: 䎳㗕Ꮬ䇈៥⮙њDŽ
䎳㗕᏿䁾៥⮙њDŽ
Gēn lǎoshī shuō wǒ bìng le.
Tell the teacher I am sick.
B: ___________________________________________ DŽ

46
Prepositions and prepositional phrases

d. A: Դ೼令ख़ㄝ៥ད৫˛
Դ೼令ᓇㄝ៥ད஢˛
Nǐ zài cāntīng děng wǒ hǎo ma?
Wait for me at the dining hall, okay?
B: ___________________________________________DŽ
e. A: ᡞԴⱘкᣓ䍄৻DŽ
ᡞԴⱘ᳌ᣓ䍄৻DŽ
Bǎ nǐ de shū názǒu ba.
Take your book away.
B: ___________________________________________DŽ
f. A: 䇋Դ㒭៥ф䔺⼼DŽ
䂟Դ㌺៥䊋䒞⼼DŽ
Qǐng nǐ gěi wǒ mǎi chē piào.
Please buy a ticket for me.
B: ___________________________________________DŽ
➪ 14.1, 14.2

47
15
Adverbs
1 Complete these sentences by filling in the blanks with г yě, 䛑 dōu,
䖬/䙘 hái, ህ jiù, া zhǐ, or ᠡ cái.
a. ᇣ⥟Ӯ䇈㣅೑䆱ˈ________ Ӯ䇈᮹ᴀ䆱DŽ
ᇣ⥟᳗䁾㣅೟䁅ˈ________ ᳗䁾᮹ᴀ䁅DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng huì shuō Yīngguó huà, ________ huì shuō Rìběn huà.
Little Wang can speak English and he can also speak Japanese.
b. Ҫএ䖛㣅೑ ________ ≵এ䖛᮹ᴀDŽ
Ҫএ䘢㣅೟ ________ ≦এ䘢᮹ᴀDŽ
Tā qùguò Yīngguó ________ méi qùguò Rìběn.
He has been to Britain but he has not yet been to Japan.
c. Ҫ೼㣅೑ ________ ԣњϔϾ᳜DŽ
Ҫ೼㣅೟ ________ ԣњϔ‫ן‬᳜DŽ
Tā zài Yīngguó ________ zhù le yī gè yuè.
He has only lived in Britain for a month.
d. Ҫ䇈㣅೑ˈ᮹ᴀ ________ ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Ҫ䁾㣅೟ˈ᮹ᴀ ________ ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Tā shuō Yīngguó, Rìběn ________ yǒu yìsī.
He says that Britain and Japan are both interesting.
e. ᮹ᴀҎӮ‫∝ݭ‬ᄫ ________ ӮⳟЁ᭛᡹㒌DŽ
᮹ᴀҎ᳗ᆿ⓶ᄫ ________ ᳗ⳟЁ᭛ฅ㋭DŽ
Rìběn rén huì xiě Hàn zì ________ huì kàn Zhōngwén bàozhǐ.
Japanese people can write Chinese characters and they can read Chinese
newspapers.
f. 㣅᭛ϡ⫼∝ᄫˈ________ ⫼㔫偀ᄫDŽ
㣅᭛ϡ⫼⓶ᄫˈ________ ⫼㕙侀ᄫDŽ
Yīngwén bù yòng Hàn zì, ________ yòng Luómǎ zì.
English does not use Chinese characters, it only uses the Roman alphabet.
g. Ҫ ________ ᄺњϸϾ໪䇁DŽ
Ҫ ________ ᅌњܽ‫ן‬໪䁲DŽ
Tā ________ xué le liǎng gè wàiyǔ.
He has only studied two foreign languages.

48 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-16
Adverbs

h. ҪϞњЁᄺ ________ ᓔྟᄺ㣅᭛DŽ

ҪϞњЁᅌ ________ 䭟ྟᅌ㣅᭛DŽ
Tā shàng le zhōngxué ________ kāishǐ xué Yīngwén.
When he started middle school he began to study English.
i. ҪϞ໻ᄺҹৢ ________ ᓔྟᄺ᮹᭛DŽ
ҪϞ໻ᅌҹᕠ ________ 䭟ྟᅌ᮹᭛DŽ
Tā shàng dàxué yǐhòu ________ kāishǐ xué Rìwén.
Only after he started college did he begin to study Japanese.
j. ᮹ᴀҎ୰⃶ᮙ␌DŽ㣅೑Ҏϡ ________ ୰⃶ᮙ␌DŽ
᮹ᴀҎ୰ℵᮙ␌DŽ㣅೟Ҏϡ ________ ୰ℵᮙ␌DŽ
Rìběn rén xǐhuan lǚyóu. Yīngguó rén bù ________ xǐhuan lǚyóu.
Japanese people like to travel. Not all British people like to travel.
➪ 15.2.4, 15.2.6
2 ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ is a high school student in China who is being interviewed because
of his excellent foreign language skills. Translate his replies into Mandarin, using
an adverb in each sentence. Translate the interviewer’s questions into Mandarin.
a. Interviewer: What foreign languages do you study?
Xiao Li: I study English and I also study Japanese.
b. Interviewer: How old are you?
Xiao Li: I am only 16 years old.
c. Interviewer: Have you ever been to a foreign country?
Xiao Li: Not yet. I have still not left China.
d. Interviewer: Do you plan to go abroad?
Xiao Li: Yes. After I graduate, only then will I have the chance to go abroad.
e. Interviewer: Where will you go?
Xiao Li: I plan to go to Britain and I plan to go to the United States.
f. Interviewer: Will you also go to Japan?
Xiao Li: After I go to England and the United States I plan to go to Japan.
➪ 15

49
STRUCTURES

3 Here is a short dialog between two classmates with some adverbs omitted.
Fill in the appropriate adverbs based on the English translations.
A: ᯼໽ ________ ᓔᄺˈᯢ໽Ё᭛䇒 ________ ᳝ᇣ㗗ˈ________ 䅽ҎফϡњDŽ
᯼໽ ________ 䭟ᅌˈᯢ໽Ё᭛䂆 ________ ᳝ᇣ㗗ˈ________ 䅧ҎফϡњDŽ
Zuótiān ________ kāi xué, míngtiān Zhōngwén kè ________ yǒu xiǎokǎo,
________ ràng rén shòubùliǎo.
School only just started yesterday and tomorrow we have a quiz in Chinese
class. I can’t stand it.
B: ________ ᓔᄺԴ ________ ফϡњњˈԴ ________ ᄺϡᄺњ˛
________ 䭟ᅌԴ ________ ফϡњњˈԴ ________ ᅌϡᅌњ˛
________ kāi xué nǐ ________ shòubùliǎo le, nǐ ________ xué bù xué le?
School has just started and you can’t stand it. Do you want to continue?
A: ________ 㽕ᄺˈ៥ ________ ᢅᗼϔϟ ________DŽ
________ 㽕ᅌˈ៥ ________ ᢅᗼϔϟ ________DŽ
________ yào xué, wǒ ________ bàoyuàn yīxià éryǐ.
Sure I want to continue. I just want to complain (and that’s all).
B: ᢅᗼ᳝ҔМ⫼ˈ________ 㛑䅽Դ㞾Ꮕϡ催݈DŽ
ᢅᗼ᳝⫮咐⫼ˈ________ 㛑䅧Դ㞾Ꮕϡ催㟜DŽ
Bàoyuàn yǒu shénme yòng, ________ néng ràng nǐ zìjǐ bù gāoxìng.
Complaining is not helpful. It only makes you unhappy.
A: Դ ________ ᐌᐌᢅᗼਔDŽ
Nǐ ________ chángcháng bàoyuàn ya.
You also often complain.
B: ៥ ________ ᢅᗼԴᢅᗼᕫ ________ ໮DŽ
Wǒ ________ bàoyuàn nǐ bàoyuàn de ________ dūo.
I only complain that you complain too much.
➪ 15

50
16
Conjunctions
1 Pick the appropriate conjunction from the following list to complete each
sentence: ੠ hé/䎳 gēn, 䖬ᰃ/䙘ᰃ háishi, ៪㗙 huòzhě.
a. 䎇⧗䯳 ________ 㔥⧗䯳ˈҞ໽䛑᳝↨䌯DŽ
䎇⧗䱞 ________ ㎆⧗䱞ˈҞ໽䛑᳝↨䋑DŽ
Zúqiú duì ________ wǎngqiú duì, jīntiān dōu yǒu bǐsài.
The soccer team and the tennis team both have competitions today.
b. Դ㽕ⳟ䎇⧗↨䌯 ________ ⳟ㔥⧗↨䌯˛
Դ㽕ⳟ䎇⧗↨䋑 ________ ⳟ㎆⧗↨䋑˛
Nǐ yào kàn zúqiú bǐsài ________ kàn wǎngqiú bǐsài?
Would you rather watch the soccer game or the tennis match?
c. 䎇⧗↨䌯 ________ 㔥⧗↨䌯ˈ៥䛑ᜓᛣⳟDŽ
䎇⧗↨䋑 ________ ㎆⧗↨䋑ˈ៥䛑丬ᛣⳟDŽ
Zúqiú bǐsài ________ wǎngqiú bǐsài, wǒ dōu yuànyi kàn.
I’ll watch either the soccer game or the tennis match.
d. ԴᠧẦ⧗ ________ ᠧ㔥⧗˛
ԴᠧẦ⧗ ________ ᠧ㎆⧗˛
Nǐ dǎ bàngqiú ________ dǎ wǎngqiú?
Do you play soccer or tennis?
e. Ầ⧗ ________ 㔥⧗៥䛑ᠧDŽ
Ầ⧗ ________ ㎆⧗៥䛑ᠧDŽ
Bàngqiú ________ wǎngqiú wǒ dōu dǎ.
I play both soccer and tennis.
f. 㕢೑Ҏ ________ 㣅೑Ҏ䛑䏶䎇⧗৫˛
㕢೟Ҏ ________ 㣅೟Ҏ䛑䏶䎇⧗஢˛
Měiguó rén ________ Yīngguó rén dōu tī zúqiú ma?
Do Americans and the British both play soccer?
g. 㕢೑Ҏ䏶䎇⧗ ________ 㕢ᓣ䎇⧗DŽ
㕢೟Ҏ䏶䎇⧗ ________ 㕢ᓣ䎇⧗DŽ
Měiguó rén tī zúqiú ________ Měishì zúqiú.
Americans play soccer and American football.

51 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-17
STRUCTURES

h. ᯢ໽ⱘ໽⇨དⱘ䆱ˈ៥Ӏᠧ㔥⧗ ________ 䏶䎇⧗DŽ

ᯢ໽ⱘ໽⇷དⱘ䁅ˈ៥‫ץ‬ᠧ㎆⧗ ________ 䏶䎇⧗DŽ
Míngtiān de tiānqì hǎo de huà, wǒmen dǎ wǎngqiú ________ tī zúqiú.
If the weather is good tomorrow, let’s play soccer or tennis.
➪ 16.1, 16.2
2 Xiao Wang is not helpful.
Xiao Li and Xiao Wang are roommates. They are discussing the courses they are
going to take next semester. Translate their dialogue into Mandarin, paying
attention to the conjunctions used in each of their exchanges. Remember that
Mandarin does not use conjunctions everywhere that English does.
Xiao Li: I don’t know whether it is better to take a Chinese language class or
a Chinese history class. (Literally, I don’t know whether taking a
Chinese class is better or a Chinese history class is better.)
Xiao Wang: Which one do you like more, Chinese language or Chinese history?
Xiao Li: I like them both, Chinese language and Chinese history. (Chinese
language and Chinese history, I like them both.)
Xiao Wang: Then just take both Chinese language and Chinese history.
Xiao Li: I do not have that much time.
Xiao Wang: Then you can choose either Chinese language or Chinese history.
Xiao Li: So you also don’t know whether I should take Chinese language or
Chinese history.
Xiao Wang: Of course not, because it has nothing to do with me.
Xiao Li: Thanks a lot!
➪ 16

52
17
Aspect
1 Write a sentence for each action describing what little Li did yesterday.
a. read two books
b. had coffee with friends
c. watched television for an hour
d. went shopping with his roommate.
e. bought an expensive pair of sneakers. [䖤ࡼ䵟/䘟ࢩ䵟 yùndòng xié
sneakers, athletic shoes]
➪ 17.1
2 Negate these actions and translate your sentences into English. For e. and h., say that
the subject does not do the action. For the others, say that the action didn’t happen.
a. ᄺ᷵ᓔᄺњDŽ
ᅌ᷵䭟ᅌњDŽ
Xuéxiào kāi xué le.
School has started.
b. ៥ф䇒ᴀњDŽ
៥䊋䂆ᴀњDŽ
Wǒ mǎi kèběn le.
I bought textbooks.
c. ៥фњϝᴀЁ᭛кDŽ
៥䊋њϝᴀЁ᭛᳌DŽ
Wǒ mǎi le sān běn Zhōngwén shū.
I bought three Chinese books.
d. ៥‫ࡳخ‬䇒њDŽ
៥‫ࡳخ‬䂆њDŽ
Wǒ zuò gōngkè le.
I did my homework.
e. ៥ⱘৠሟⱑ໽ⴵ㾝DŽ
៥ⱘৠሟⱑ໽ⴵ㾝DŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū báitiān shuì jiào.
My roommate sleeps during the day.

53 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-18
STRUCTURES

f. ៥ᄺ䖛Ё᭛DŽ
៥ᅌ䘢Ё᭛DŽ
Wǒ xuéguo Zhōngwén.
I have studied Chinese before.
g. ៥೼Ё೑ᄺ䖛Ё᭛DŽ
៥೼Ё೟ᅌ䘢Ё᭛DŽ
Wǒ zài Zhōngguó xuéguo Zhōngwén.
I have studied Chinese in China.
h. ៥ྍྍᄺЁ᭛DŽ
៥ྍྍᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Wǒ mèimei xué Zhōngwén.
My younger sister studies Chinese.
i. ៥䎳᳟টএфϰ㽓њDŽ
៥䎳᳟টএ䊋ᵅ㽓њDŽ
Wǒ gēn péng you qù mǎi dōngxi le.
I went shopping with my friends.
➪ 17.1
3 It’s Sunday night and you’ve phoned your sister to ask her about her week.
What do you say in Mandarin to find out about each of these activities?
a. Did you see a movie this week?
b. Did you have dinner with mom and dad on Friday night?
c. Did you go to that new coffee shop?
d. Did you buy a new coat? [໪༫ wàitào]
e. Did you finish reading that history book? [ⳟᅠ kànwán finish reading,
ग़৆/⅋৆ lìshǐ history]
➪ 17.1
4 Write a sentence for each action describing what ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ is doing right
now.
a. Xiao Li is doing her homework.
b. Xiao Li is getting dressed.
c. Xiao Li is cleaning up her room. [ᬊᣒሟᄤ shōushi wūzi]
d. Xiao Li is driving.
e. Xiao Li is eating dinner.
➪ 17.2

54
Aspect

5 Complete this narrative by adding the appropriate aspect marker in each blank.
In one of the blanks, the word that you should include indicates
a new situation.

ϞϾ਼᳿៥䎳៥ⱘ᳟টᇣ⥟এජ䞠ⳟ ________(a) ϔϾ⬉ᕅDŽ೼⬉ᕅ䰶ⱘ䮼ষˈ

ᇣ⥟ⳟࠄ ________(b) ҪⱘϔϾৠџDŽҪⱘৠџ᠟䞠ᣓ ________(c) ϔᴳ㢅ˈ
________(d) ㄝҪⱘཇ᳟টDŽᇣ⥟䎳Ҫ䇈 ________(e) ޴হ䆱៥Ӏህ䖯এ ________(f )DŽ
ⳟᅠ⬉ᕅҹৢˈ៥Ӏএ ________(g) ϔᆊ៥Ӏᕜ୰⃶ⱘЁ೑佁佚এৗᰮ佁DŽৃ㛑ᰃ令
佚ᤶ ________(h) Ꮬٙˈ៥Ӏ䛑㾝ᕫ佁ϡབҹࠡདৗDŽ៥ᛇϡӮ‫ݡ‬ᴹ䖭Ͼ佁佚
ৗ佁 ________(i)DŽৗ ________(j) 佁៥ህ偀Ϟಲᆊ ________(k)ˈ಴Ўᆊ䞠䖬᳝ᕜ໮џ
ㄝ ________(l) ៥‫خ‬ਸ਼DŽ

Ϟ‫਼ן‬᳿៥䎳៥ⱘ᳟টᇣ⥟এජ㺵ⳟ ________(a) ϔ‫ן‬䳏ᕅDŽ೼䳏ᕅ䰶ⱘ䭔ষˈ

ᇣ⥟ⳟࠄ ________(b) Ҫⱘϔ‫ן‬ৠџDŽҪⱘৠџ᠟㺵ᣓ ________(c) ϔᴳ㢅ˈ
________(d) ㄝҪⱘཇ᳟টDŽᇣ⥟䎳Ҫ䁾 ________(e) ᑒহ䁅៥‫ץ‬ህ䘆এ ________(f)DŽ
ⳟᅠ䳏ᕅҹৢˈ៥‫ץ‬এ ________(g) ϔᆊ៥‫ץ‬ᕜ୰ℵⱘЁ೟仃仼এৗᰮ仃DŽৃ㛑ᰃ令
仼᦯ ________(h) ᏿ٙˈ៥‫ץ‬䛑㾎ᕫ仃ϡབҹࠡདৗDŽ៥ᛇϡ᳗‫ݡ‬՚䗭‫ן‬仃仼
ৗ仃 ________(i)DŽৗ ________(j) 仃៥ህ侀Ϟಲᆊ ________(k)ˈ಴⚎ᆊ㺵䙘᳝ᕜ໮џ
ㄝ ________(l) ៥‫خ‬ਸ਼DŽ
Shàng gè zhōumò wǒ gēn wǒ de péngyǒu Xiǎo Wáng qù chénglǐ kàn ________(a)
yīgè diànyǐng. Zài diànyǐngyuàn de ménkǒu, Xiǎo Wáng kàndào ________(b)
tā de yīge tóngshì. Tā de tóngshì shǒulǐ ná ________(c) yīshù huā, ________(d)
děng tā de nǚ péngyǒu. Xiǎo Wáng gēn tā shuō ________(e) jǐ jù huà wǒmen
jiù jìnqù ________(f). Kànwán diàn yǐng yǐhòu, wǒmen qù ________(g) yī jiā
wǒmen hěn xǐhuān de Zhōngguó fànguǎn qù chī wǎnfàn. Kěnéng shì
cānguǎn huàn ________(h) shīfù, wǒmen dōu juéde fàn bùrú yǐqián hǎo chī.
Wǒ xiǎng bù huì zài lái zhège fànguǎn chī fàn ________(i). Chī ________(j) fàn
wǒ jiù mǎshàng huí jiā ________(k), yīnwéi jiālǐ hái yǒu hěn duō shì děng
________(l) wǒ zuò ne.
➪ 17.1, 17.2, 38.1
6 ᮍ⨈ Fāng Qín and some of her classmates are hosting Tommy, an exchange
student, for a weekend, and she has made a list of things to do and places to see.
It isn’t Tommy’s first visit to Beijing, though, and ᮍ⨈ Fāng Qín has asked
Tommy whether he has already done each thing on the list. His replies are
indicated here. Write them up in a paragraph that ᮍ⨈ Fāng Qín can email to
her classmates, using Verb 䖛/䘢 as appropriate and incorporating other
information that Tommy has provided.

55
STRUCTURES

a. ⱏ䭓ජ / ⱏ䭋ජ No
dēng Chángchéng / climb the Great Wall

b. এ೚ᯢು / এ೧ᯢ೦ No
qù Yuánmíngyuán / visit the Old Summer Palace
c. ৗ࣫Ҁ⚸吁 / ৗ࣫Ҁ⚸勼 No
chī Běijīng Kǎoyā / eat Beijing roast duck
(Peking duck)
d. ৗ低ᄤ / ৗ仗ᄤ Yes
chī jiǎozi / eat dumplings

e. ⳟҀ࠻ / ⳟҀ࡛ No (not interested)

kàn Jīngjù / watch Beijing opera
f. 䗯㚵ৠ yes (wants to go
guàng hútòng / visit Hutongs, again)
Beijing’s traditional narrow streets

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
➪ 17.3
7 You are the receptionist at a law firm. A client calls and asks for Mr. Wang, who is
at a meeting [ᓔӮ/䭟᳗/kāi huì] right now. Explain why Mr. Wang can’t come to
the phone right now, and tell the client that he will call back after the meeting.
[ℷ೼ + Verb]
8 You are giving your friends directions to your house. To help them locate the
right house, tell them that there’s a wreath [㢅೜ huāquān] hanging on
the door and there’s a flower pot [ϔⲚ㢅 yī pén huā] at the entrance, using
the structure Verb ⴔ/㨫 where appropriate.
9 Tell your friend that you’re not going over to his house tonight because
you are exhausted. List a few of your accomplishments today. For example, you
wrote five pages of characters, washed tons of dishes and tidied up
[ᭈ⧚ zhěnglǐ] three bookshelves. Add at least three more activities that
you did today. Use Verb њ as appropriate.

56
18
Resultative verbs
1 Complete these sentences by adding the appropriate resultative suffix based on
the English translations.
a. ៥਀ ________ њDŽ
៥㙑 ________ њDŽ
Wǒ ting ________ le.
I understood through listening.
b. ࡳ䇒‫ ________ خ‬њDŽ
ࡳ䂆‫ ________ خ‬њDŽ
Gōngkè zuò ________ le.
The homework is finished.
c. 䙷ᴀк៥ᡒ ________ њDŽ
䙷ᴀ᳌៥ᡒ ________ њDŽ
Nà běn shū wǒ zhǎo ________ le.
I found that book.
d. 䙷ᴀк៥䖬≵᳝ⳟ ________DŽ
䙷ᴀ᳌៥䙘≦᳝ⳟ ________DŽ
Nà běn shū wǒ hái méiyǒu kàn ________.
I still have not finished reading that book.
e. ⦄೼៥㛑ⳟ ________ Ё೑⬉ᕅњDŽ
⧒೼៥㛑ⳟ ________ Ё೟䳏ᕅњDŽ
Xiànzài wǒ néng kàn ________ Zhōngguó diànyǐng le.
Now I can understand Chinese movies.
f. ៥ⱘ᠟ᴎ೼䏃Ϟ϶ ________ њDŽⳳ咏⚺!
៥ⱘ᠟″೼䏃Ϟϳ ________ њDŽⳳ咏✽!
Wǒ de shǒujī zài lùshang diū ________ le. Zhēn máfan!
I lost my cell phone on the road. How annoying!
g. 佁‫ ________ خ‬њˈৃҹৗњDŽ
仃‫ ________ خ‬њˈৃҹৗњDŽ
Fàn zuò ________ le, kěyǐ chī le.
The food is ready, we can eat.

57 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-19
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h. Ҫ↣Ͼᄫ䛑‫ ________ ݭ‬њDŽ

Ҫ↣‫ן‬ᄫ䛑ᆿ ________ њDŽ
Tā měi gè zì dōu xiě ________ le.
He wrote every character wrong.
➪ 18.3, 18.4
2 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, using the correct form of the resultative
verb.
a. I can’t remember his name. [ৡᄫ míngzi name, 䆄/㿬 jì remember]
b. We’ve already finished today’s homework. [ࡳ䇒/ࡳ䂆 gōngkè homework, ‫خ‬
zuò do]
c. Can you finish today’s homework in an hour? [ϔϾ䩳༈/ϔ‫ן‬䧬丁 yī ge
zhōngtou an hour]
d. Not in an hour. (In an hour, I can’t fi nish it.)
e. I can’t open the window. Can you open it? [に᠋ chuānghu window,
ᠧ ᓔ /ᠧ 䭟 dǎ (kāi) open]
f. I still haven’t finished washing the clothes. [㸷᳡ yīfu clothing, ⋫ xǐ wash]
g. This shirt is really dirty. Do you think you can wash it clean? [㹀㸿/㽃㸿
chènshān shirt, 㛣/傦 zāng dirty, ᑆ‫ޔ‬/ђ⎼ gānjìng clean]
h. I didn’t hear clearly what you just said. Could you say it again?
[਀/㙑 tīng hear, Դ䇈ⱘ䆱/Դ䁾ⱘ䁅 nǐ shuō de huà what you said ]
i. I don’t understand (by listening) what the teacher says.
j. Can you afford an airplane ticket? [ф/䊋 mǎi buy, 亲ᴎ⼼/亯″⼼ fēijī piào
airplane ticket]
➪ 18.5, 18.6, 18.7
3 Turn these sentences into yes–no questions.
Example:
៥ৗϡᅠDŽ - Դৗᕫᅠৗϡᅠ˛ or Դৗᕫᅠ৫˛
Դৗᕫᅠ஢˛
Wǒ chībùwán. Nǐ chīdewán chībùwán? Nǐ chī de wán ma?
a. ៥՚ϡঞњDŽ
Wǒ láibùjí le.
I can’t make it.
b. 䖭ѯк䖭М䞡ˈ៥ᣓϡࡼDŽ
䗭ѯ᳌䗭咐䞡ˈ៥ᣓϡࢩDŽ
Zhè xiē shū zhème zhòng, wǒ nábùdòng.
These books are so heavy. I can’t lift them.

58
Resultative verbs

c. ៥ᡒࠄᎹ԰њDŽ
Wǒ zhǎodào gōngzuò le.
I found a job.
d. 䖭М咥៥ⳟϡ㾕DŽ
䗭咐咥៥ⳟϡ㽟DŽ
Zhème hēi wǒ kànbùjiàn.
It’s so dark I can’t see it.
➪ 18.5, 18.6.1
4 Chen Li and Wang Xiaoming are roommates. Complete their conversation,
adding in the correct resultative verbs in the correct form.
a. 䰜˖㢅⫳䝅೼ા‫˛ܓ‬៥ ________DŽ
䱇˖㢅⫳䞀೼ા‫˛ܦ‬៥ ________DŽ
Chén: Huāshēngjiàng zài nǎr? Wǒ ________.
Chen: Where is the peanut butter? I can’t find it.
b. ⥟˖శˈ៥᯼໽ ________ њDŽ
Wáng: Ò wǒ zuótiān ________ le.
Wang: Oh, I finished it yesterday.
c. 䰜˖Դ᯼໽ ________ њ৫˛
䱇˖Դ᯼໽ ________ њ஢˛
Chén: Nǐ zuótiān ________ le ma?
Chen: You ate it up yesterday?
d. ⥟˖ᇍDŽ៥এଚᑫфˈৃᰃ ________ 㢅⫳䝅 ˈ䛑 ________ њDŽ
⥟˖ᇡDŽ៥এଚᑫ䊋ˈৃᰃ ________ 㢅⫳䞀 ˈ䛑 ________ њDŽ
Wáng: Duì. Wǒ qù shāngdiàn mǎi, kěshì ________ (huāshēngjiàng)ˈ
dōu ________ le.
Wang: Yes. I went to the store to buy some, but I couldn’t buy any
(couldn’t obtain it by shopping), peanut butter was all sold out.
➪ 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6
5 Choose one of the following resultative complements to complete each sentence.

ԣ zhù ᥝ diào 佅/仑 bǎo Ӯ/᳗ huì ࠄ dào ᅠ wán

a. 健㞾㸠䔺ϡ䲒ˈϔϾϟजህᄺ ________ њDŽ
俢㞾㸠䒞ϡ䲷ˈϔ‫ן‬ϟजህᅌ ________ њDŽ
Qí zìxíngchē bù nán, yīge xiàwǔ jiù xué ________ le.
Riding a bike is not hard. You can learn it in one afternoon.

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b. ៥‫ࡳ ________ ݭ‬䇒ህᴹᐂԴDŽ

៥ᆿ ________ ࡳ䂆ህ՚ᐿԴDŽ
Wǒ xiě ________ gōngkè jiù lái bāng nǐ.
I’ll come help you as soon as I finish doing my homework.
c. ៥Ꮖ㒣ৗ ________ њˈ߿‫ݡ‬㒭៥њDŽ
៥Ꮖ㍧ৗ ________ њˈ߹‫ݡ‬㌺៥њDŽ
Wǒ yǐjīng chī ________ le, bié zài gěi wǒ le.
I’m full already. Stop giving me (food).
d. ៥ᬭкᬭњϝक໮ᑈˈા䞠䆄ᕫ ________ ᠔᳝ᄺ⫳ⱘৡᄫਸ਼˛
៥ᬭ᳌ᬭњϝक໮ᑈˈા㺵㿬ᕫ ________ ᠔᳝ᅌ⫳ⱘৡᄫਸ਼˛
Wǒ jiāo shū jiāo le sānshí duō nián, nǎli jìde ________ suǒyǒu xuésheng
de míngzi ne?
I’ve been teaching for more than 30 years. How can I remember all
students’ names?
e. 䙷Ͼ⋫㸷ᴎണ ________ њˈ⫼঺໪ϔϾ৻DŽ
䙷‫⋫ן‬㸷″າ ________ њˈ⫼঺໪ϔ‫৻ן‬DŽ
Nàge xǐyījī huài ________ le, yòng lìngwài yī ge ba.
That washing machine is broken. Use the other one.
f. Ҫᡒњञᑈ䛑≵ᡒ ________ Ꮉ԰ˈাདᨀಲᆊ䎳⠊↡ԣDŽ
Ҫᡒњञᑈ䛑≦ᡒ ________ Ꮉ԰ˈাདᨀಲᆊ䎳⠊↡ԣDŽ
Tā zhǎo le bànnián dōu méi zhǎo ________ gōngzuò, zhǐ hǎo bān huí jiā
gēn fùmǔ zhù.
He looked for half a year but he couldn’t find a job, so he had to move
back to his parents’ house.
➪ 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6
6 ⥟ᮍ Wáng Fāng can’t function well lately because he has been under a lot of
stress. In Mandarin, describe what he probably can’t do right now.
Example: He can’t sleep. - ҪⴵϡⴔDŽ
Ҫⴵϡ㨫DŽ
Tā shuìbùzháo.
a. He can’t eat anything.
b. He can’t remember what he needs to do everyday.
c. He can’t see (things) clearly.
d. He can’t find his cell phone.
e. He can’t understand what other people are saying.
➪ 18.6

60
Resultative verbs

7 ᴢ㕢 Lǐ Měi is texting all her girlfriends to see if they can come over tonight.
Everyone is texting back saying that they will come as soon as they finish what
they are doing right now. Translate their texts into Mandarin using the
appropriate resultative verbs.
Example: I’ll be there as soon as - ៥‫خ‬ᅠࡳ䇒ህᴹDŽ
I finish doing homework ៥‫خ‬ᅠࡳ䂆ህ՚DŽ
Wǒ zuòwán gōngkè jiù lái.
a. I’ll be there as soon as I find my shoes.
b. I’ll be there as soon as I take a shower.
c. I’ll be there as soon as I buy the book I need.
d. I’ll be there as soon as I throw away some clothes.
[ᠨᥝ rēngdiào throw away]
e. I’ll be there as soon as I fi x my alarm clock.
[䯍䩳/僻䧬 nàozhōng alarm clock]
➪ 18.3

61
19
Directional verbs
1 䚅㖑 Qiū Yǔ is putting together a manual for his dog training school. Below is a
list of tricks included in the training session. Translate them into Mandarin with
the appropriate directional verbs/suffix.
Example: Sit (down) - തϟ
zuò xià
a. Stand up
b. Go in
c. Come out
d. Lie down
e. Lie down on your stomach
f. Jump over (jump past) it
g. Come here (come towards me)
➪ 19.2, 19.3
2 ⥟໾໾ Wáng tàitai Mrs. Wang is a mom to four toddlers. Today she has taken
them shopping at a furniture store. Oh no! Her children see the furniture store as
a big jungle gym! Help Mrs. Wang get them under control by translating her
sentences into Mandarin, using the correct combination of verb and directional
suffixes.
Example: You can’t stand on that! - ϡৃҹキϞএ
Bù kěyǐ zhàn shàngqù.

a. Don’t lie down!

b. Don’t run out!
c. Don’t climb up!
d. Don’t jump down!
➪ 19.2, 19.3, 19.4
3 Fill in the blanks with either 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚ qǐlái or ϟএ xiàqù.
a. ᡞᑆ‫ⱘޔ‬㸷᳡ᬊ ________ ৻DŽ
ᡞђ⎼ⱘ㸷᳡ᬊ ________ ৻DŽ
Bǎ gānjìng de yīfu shōu ________ ba.
Put away the clean clothes.

62 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-20
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b. ཌྷュ ________ ⳳৃ⠅DŽ
ཌྷュ ________ ⳳৃᛯDŽ
Tā xiào ________ zhēn kě’ài.
She looks really cute when she smiles.
c. Ҫⱘ℠ໄ䙷М㊳㊩ˈԴᗢМ䖬਀ᕫ ________˛
Ҫⱘ℠㙆䙷咐㊳㊩ˈԴᗢ咐䙘㙑ᕫ ________˛
Tā de gēshēng name zāogāo, nǐ zěnme hái tīng de ________?
His voice is so bad. How could you continue to listen to it?
d. ༅ϮࡴϞ໾໾ᄽᄤ⾏ᓔҪˈҪ㾝ᕫ㞾Ꮕᖿ⌏ϡ ________ њDŽ
༅ὁࡴϞ໾໾ᄽᄤ䲶䭟ҪˈҪ㾎ᕫ㞾Ꮕᖿ⌏ϡ ________ њDŽ
Shīyè jiā shàng tàitai háizi líkāi tā, tā juéde zìjǐ kuài huó bù ________ le.
Being unemployed plus the fact that his wife and children left him, he felt
like he almost couldn’t keep on living anymore.
e. 䖭ӊџᚙ䇈 ________ ᆍᯧ‫ ________ خ‬ೄ䲒DŽ
䗭ӊџᚙ䁾 ________ ᆍᯧ‫ ________ خ‬ೄ䲷DŽ
Zhèjiàn shìqing shuō________ róngyì, zuò ________ kùnnán.
This is easier said than done.
f. ཌྷ㾝ᕫᕜྨሜˈᖡϡԣુњ ________DŽ
ཌྷ㾎ᕫᕜྨሜˈᖡϡԣુњ ________DŽ
Tā juéde hěn wěiqū, rěnbuzhù kū le ________.
Feeling misunderstood, she couldn’t help but cry.
➪ 19.7
4 Fill in the blanks with 䍋ᴹ䍋՚ qǐláiǃߎᴹߎ՚ chūláiǃϞএ shàngqùǃ
ϟএ xiàquǃϟᴹϟ՚ xiàlái
a. Դⱘৡᄫ៥ᛇϡ ________ њDŽ
Դⱘৡᄫ៥ᛇϡ ________ њDŽ
Nǐde míngzi wǒ xiǎng bù ________ le.
I can’t remember your name.
b. 䖭Ͼࡲ⊩ᰃҪᛇ ________ ⱘDŽ
䗭‫ן‬䕺⊩ᰃҪᛇ ________ ⱘDŽ
Zhège bànfǎ shì tā xiǎng ________ de.
It is he who came up with this method.
c. 䖭Ͼ⬉ᕅ໾≵ᛣᗱњˈ៥ⳟϡ ________ њDŽ
䗭‫ן‬䳏ᕅ໾≦ᛣᗱњˈ៥ⳟϡ ________ њDŽ
Zhège diànyǐng tài méi yìsi le, wǒ kàn bù ________ le.
This movie is really not interesting. I can’t keep on watching.
d. 䰈໽њDŽⳟ ________ 㽕ϟ䲼њDŽ
䱄໽њDŽⳟ ________ 㽕ϟ䲼њDŽ
Yīntiān le. Kàn ________ yào xiàyǔ le.
It’s very cloudy now. It looks like it will rain soon.

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e. ᄽᄤӀ催݈ᕫଅ ________ њDŽ
ᄽᄤ‫ץ‬催㟜ᕫଅ ________ њDŽ
Háizimen gāoxìng de chàng ________ le.
The children were so happy that they began singing.
f. Դⱘᛇ⊩਀ ________ ᕜϡ䫭DŽ
Դⱘᛇ⊩㙑 ________ ᕜϡ䤃DŽ
Nǐde xiǎngfǎ tīng ________ bùcuò.
Your idea is not bad at all.
g. Ҫⳟ ________ ಯक໮ቕⱘḋᄤDŽ
Ҫⳟ ________ ಯक໮ⅆⱘῷᄤDŽ
Tā kàn ________ sìshí duō suì de yàngzi.
He looks like [he’s] in his forties.
h. Դ䇈ᕫᕜདˈ䇈 ________DŽ
Դ䁾ᕫᕜདˈ䁾 ________DŽ
Nǐ shuōde hěn hǎo, shuō ________.
You’ve said it very well. Go on.
i. ҢҪⱘ䆱䞠៥਀ ________ њҪϡ୰⃶៥DŽ
ᕲҪⱘ䁅䞠៥㙑 ________ њҪϡ୰ℵ៥DŽ
Cóng tāde huà lǐ wǒ ting ________ le tā bù xǐhuān wǒ.
From the way he talks I can tell that he doesn’t like me.
j. ៥ᛇᡞⳕ ________ ⱘ䪅ᄬ ________DŽ
៥ᛇᡞⳕ ________ ⱘ䣶ᄬ ________DŽ
Wǒ xiǎng bǎ sheng ________ de qián cún____________.
I want to put the money I saved in the bank.
➪ 19.7
5 Use the directional expression in a sentence, saying that you are running in that
direction towards your friend, as in the example.
Ϟὐ ៥䎥ϞὐᴹDŽ
Ϟῧ ៥䎥Ϟῧ՚DŽ
shàng lóu Wǒ pǎoshàng lóu lái.
come upstairs I will run upstairs (to him).
a. ಲᄺ᷵
ಲᅌ᷵
huí xuéxiào
return to school
b. ಲᆊ
huí jiā
return home

64
Directional verbs

c. ϟὐ
ϟῧ
xià lóu
go downstairs
d. Ϟቅ
shàngshān
go up the hill
e. ߎ೒к佚
ߎ೪᳌仼
chū túshūguǎn
exit the library
f. ಲᆓ㟡
huí sùshè
return to the dorm
g. 䖯ᬭᅸ
䘆ᬭᅸ
jìn jiàoshì
enter the classroom
h. 䖛偀䏃
䘢侀䏃
guò mǎlù
cross the street
➪ 19.4.2

65
20
ᡞ bǎ sentences: the ‘disposal’
construction
1 Use these phrases to form ᡞ bǎ sentences, as in the example.
Example:
៥ ᣓк ࠄᄺ᷵ - ៥ᡞкᣓࠄᄺ᷵њDŽ
៥ ᣓ᳌ ࠄᅌ᷵ ៥ᡞ᳌ᣓࠄᅌ᷵њDŽ
Wǒ ná shū dào xuéxiào Wǒ bǎ shū ná dào xuéxiào le.
I take book to school I took the book to school.
a. ᇣ⥟ 䖬к 㒭೒к佚
䙘᳌ ㌺೪᳌仼
Xiǎo Wàng huán shū gěi túshūguǎn
Xiao Wang return book to library
b. ໻ӳ ᓔ䔺 ಲᆊ
໻‫؝‬ 䭟䒞 ಲᆊ
Dà Wěi kāi chē huí jiā
David drive go home
c. ᇣᴢ ⋫㸷᳡ 㸷᳡ᑆ‫ޔ‬
㸷᳡ђ⎼
Xiǎo Lǐ xǐ yīfu yīfu gānjing
Xiao Li wash clothes clothes clean
d. 㗕Ꮬ ᓔに᠋ に᠋ᓔᓔњ
㗕᏿ 䭟に᠊ に᠊䭟䭟њ
lǎoshī kāi chuānghu chuānghu kāikāi le
teacher open window window open
e. ៥ ф䇒ᴀ 䇒ᴀфࠄњ
䊋䂆ᴀ 䂆ᴀ䊋ࠄњ
wǒ mǎi kèběn kèběn mǎidào le
I buy textbook textbook bought

66 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-21
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f. ᓳᓳ ‫ࡳخ‬䇒 ࡳ䇒‫خ‬ᅠњ
‫ࡳخ‬䂆 ࡳ䂆‫خ‬ᅠњ
dìdi zuò gōngkè gōngkè zuòwán le
younger brother do homework homework finished
g. ᓴᯢ ⫼៥ⱘ⬉㛥 ៥ⱘ⬉㛥ണњ
ᔉᯢ ⫼៥ⱘ䳏㜺 ៥ⱘ䳏㜺າњ
Zhāng Míng yòng wǒde diànnǎo wǒde diànnǎo huài le
Zhang Ming use my computer my computer is broken
h. Ҫ पҪⱘ≑䔺 ≑䔺पњ
Ҫ 䊷Ҫⱘ≑䒞 ≑䒞䊷њ
ta mài tāde qìchē qìchē mài le
he sell his car car sold
➪ 20.1
2 Negation: Rewrite the sentences you formed in (1) in negative form.
➪ 20.4
3 Rewrite the following topic-comment sentences as ᡞ bǎ sentences as in the
example, and translate your ᡞ bǎ sentences into English.
Example: に᠋ˈ៥݇ϞњDŽ ៥ᡞに᠋݇ϞњDŽ
に᠊ˈ៥䮰ϞњDŽ ៥ᡞに᠊䮰ϞњDŽ
Chuānghu, wǒ guānshang le. Wǒ bǎ chuānghu guānshang le.
As for the window, I closed it. I closed the window.
a. ៥ⱘкˈҪ‫׳‬䍄њDŽ
៥ⱘ᳌ˈҪ‫׳‬䍄њDŽ
Wide shū, tā jièzǒu le.
As for my book, he borrowed it.
b. 低ᄤˈҪৗᅠњDŽ
仗ᄤˈҪৗᅠњDŽ
Jiǎozi, tā chīwán le.
As for the dumplings, he ate them all.
c. ᠟ᴎˈ៥ᖬ೼ᬭᅸњDŽ
᠟″ˈ៥ᖬ೼ᬭᅸњDŽ
shǒujī, wǒ wàngzài jiāoshì le.
As for my cell phone, I forgot it in the classroom.
d. ⬉㛥ˈ៥ᏺᴹњDŽ
䳏㜺ˈ៥ᐊ՚њDŽ
Diànnǎo, wǒ dàilái le.
As for the computer, I brought it over.

67
STRUCTURES

e. ⬉ᕅˈᄺ⫳ӀⳟᅠњDŽ
䳏ᕅˈᅌ⫳‫ⳟץ‬ᅠњDŽ
Diànyǐng, xuéshēngmen kànwán le.
As for the movie, the students finished watching it.
f. ᆓ㟡ˈ៥ⱘৠሟᭈ⧚དњDŽ
ᆓ㟡ˈ៥ⱘৠሟᭈ⧚དњDŽ
Sùshè, wǒde tóngwū zhěnglǐhǎo le.
As for my dorm, my roommate tidied it up.
g. ៥ⱘ㸷᳡ˈཛྷཛྷ㒭⋫ᑆ‫ޔ‬њDŽ
៥ⱘ㸷᳡ˈ႑႑㌺⋫ђ⎼њDŽ
Wide yī fú, māma gěi xǐgānjìng le.
As for my clothes, my mom washed them clean.
h. Դⱘộᄤˈ៥㒭ᨀࠄ䮼໪䖍এњDŽ
Դⱘộᄤˈ៥㌺ᨀࠄ䭔໪䙞এњDŽ
Nǐde yǐzi, wǒ gěi bāndào mén wàibiān qù le.
As for your chair, I moved it outside of the door.
➪ 20.1, 20.2, 20.3
4 Rewrite these sentences, adding the phrase in parentheses in the correct
location, as in the example.
Example:
ᡞ㛣㸷᳡϶೼ഄϞDŽ ߹ - ߿ᡞ㛣㸷᳡϶೼ഄϞDŽ
ᡞ傦㸷᳡ϳ೼ഄϞDŽ ߹ - ߹ᡞ傦㸷᳡ϳ೼ഄϞDŽ
Bǎ zāng yīfu diū zài (bié) - Bié bǎ zāng yīfu diū zài
dishing. dishing.
Throw dirty clothes on (don’t) - Don’t throw dirty clothes on the
the floor. floor.
a. ᡞ䖭䞠ⱘкᣓ䍄DŽ ϡৃҹ
ᡞ䗭㺵ⱘ᳌ᣓ䍄DŽ ϡৃҹ
Bǎ zhèlǐ de shū ná zǒu. (bù kěyǐ)
Take away the books from here. (cannot)
b. ҪӀᡞ໪༫こདњDŽ 䛑
Ҫ‫ץ‬ᡞ໪༫こདњDŽ 䛑
Tāmen bǎ wàitào chuān hǎo le. (dōu)
They put on their coats. (all)
c. ៥ᡞ᠔᳝ⱘࡳ䇒‫ݭ‬དњDŽ 䛑
៥ᡞ᠔᳝ⱘࡳ䂆ᆿདњDŽ 䛑
Wǒ bǎ suǒyǒu de gōngkè xiě hǎo le. (dōu)
I finish the homework. (all)

68
ᡞ bǎ sentences: the ‘disposal’ construction

d. ᡞ∈ᵰৗ‫ܝ‬DŽ ϡ㽕
Bǎ shuǐgui chī guāng. (bù yào)
Eat all the fruit. (don’t)
e. ᯢ໽ᡞ䲼ӲᏺⴔDŽ ᕫ
ᯢ໽ᡞ䲼٬ᐊ㨫DŽ ᕫ
Míngtiān bǎ yǔsǎn dàizhe. (děi)
Bring an umbrella tomorrow. (have to)
➪ 20.4, 20.5
5 ⱑ໾໾ Bái tàitai Mrs. Bai is giving the housekeeper a list of chores to do today.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb phrase to complete her instructions,
as in the example
Example: ᡞ⹫ ________ - ᡞ⹫⋫ᑆ‫ޔ‬
ᡞ⹫ ________ - ᡞ⹫⋫ђ⎼
Bǎ wǎn ________ - bǎ wǎn xǐ gānjìng
Wash the dishes clean.
ᡞᑞऩ ________ ϔ ________ˈᡞൗഒ ________DŽᡞ‫ހ‬໽ⱘ㸷᳡ ________ˈᡞ䵟ᄤ
䛑 ________ˈ乎֓ᡞ䵟ᶰ ________DŽ‫ݡ‬ᡞᰮ令ⱘᴤ᭭ ________DŽᇍњˈབᵰԴ᳝
ᯊ䯈ˈৃҹᐂ៥ᡞ㺭ᄤ ________ ৫˛៥ᡞ㺭ᄤ ________ њDŽԴ䍄Пࠡˈ߿ᖬњᡞ
䩹࣭ ________DŽ
ᡞᑞஂ ________ ϔ ________ˈᡞൗഒ ________DŽᡞ‫ހ‬໽ⱘ㸷᳡ ________ˈᡞ䵟ᄤ
䛑 ________ˈ䷚֓ᡞ䵟ₗ ________DŽ‫ݡ‬ᡞᰮ令ⱘᴤ᭭ ________DŽᇡњˈབᵰԴ᳝
ᰖ䭧ˈৃҹᐿ៥ᡞ㺭ᄤ ________ ஢˛៥ᡞ㺭ᄤ ________ њDŽԴ䍄Пࠡˈ߹ᖬњᡞ
䩄࣭ ________DŽ
Bǎ chuángdān ________ yī ________, bǎ lājī ________. Bǎ dōngtiān de yīfu
________, bǎ xiézi dōu ________, shùnbiàn bǎ xiéguì ________. Zài bǎ wǎncān
de cáiliào ________. Duìle, rúguǒ nǐ yǒu shíjiān, kěyǐ bang wǒ bǎ ________ ma?
Wǒ bǎ qúnzi ________ le. Nǐ zǒu zhīqián, bié wàng le bǎ yàoshǐ ________.
Wash the bedsheets. Take out the trash. Put away the winter clothes. Put the
shoes back into the shoe closet and tidy up the shoe closet at the same time.
Then prepare the ingredients for dinner. By the way, if you have time, could
you shorten the length of my skirt? I left the skirt on my bed. Before you go,
don’t forget to leave the keys.
➪ 20.3

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STRUCTURES

6 When 咘໾໾ Huáng Tàitai Mrs. Huang arrived home today, her children all
complained about what their younger brother did while she was gone. Translate
their complaints into Mandarin, as in the example.
Example: He threw all my books - Ҫᡞ៥ⱘк䛑϶೼ഄϞ
on the floor! Ҫᡞ៥ⱘ᳌䛑ϳ೼ഄϞ
Tā bǎ wǒde shū dōu diū zài
dìshang.
a. He broke my favorite vase. [vase: 㢅⫊ huāpíng]
b. He put my homework into the washing machine. [washing machine:
⋫㸷ᴎ/⋫㸷″ xǐyījī]
c. He ate all my cookies. [cookies: 佐ᑆ/仙ђ bǐnggān]
➪ 20.3

70
21
The passive
1 Little Wang has had a bad day. These are the things that have happened to him.
Express these situations in the passive form as in the example.
Example: subject verb object
ᄽᄤ ৗᅠњ 佐ᑆ/仙ђ
Háizi chīwán le bǐnggān.
The children ate up the cookies.
-
Passive: 佐ᑆ䅽ᄽᄤৗᅠњDŽ
仙ђ䅧ᄽᄤৗᅠњDŽ
Bǐnggān ràng háizi chīwán le.
The cookies were eaten up by the children.
subject verb object
a. Ҫⱘৠሟ ᠧ⸈њ ৄ♃
㟎➜
Tā de tóngwū dǎpò le táidēng.
His roommate broke the desk lamp.
b. ᇣً ً䍄њ Ҫⱘ⬉㛥
Ҫⱘ䳏㜺
Xiǎotōu tōuzǒule tā de diànnǎo.
A thief stole his computer.
c. Ҫⱘ᳟ট ᓘϳњ Ҫⱘ䩹࣭
Ҫⱘ䩄࣭
Tā de péng you nòngdiū le tā de yàoshi.
His friend lost his keys.
d. Ҫⱘ⢫ ৗᥝњ Ҫⱘϝᯢ⊏
Tā de gǒu chīdiào tā de sānmíngzhì.
His dog ate up his sandwich.
e. Ҫ ⫼ണ ᄫ‫݌‬
⫼າ
Tā yònghuài zìdiǎn.
He used until ruined the dictionary.
(He used the dictionary so much it fell apart.)

71 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-22
STRUCTURES

subject verb object

f. Ҏᆊ ⺄ണњ Ҫⱘ㞾㸠䔺
⺄າњ Ҫⱘ㞾㸠䒞
Rénjiā pènghuài le tā de zìxíngchē.
Someone hit and destroyed his bike.
g. Ҫⱘᬭ㒗 偖њ Ҫ
Ҫⱘᬭ㏈ 侵њ
Tā de jiàoliàn mà le tā.
His coach scolded him.
h. ⣿ ᩩ⸈њ Ҫⱘ㸷᳡
䉧
Māo sīpò le tā de yīfu.
The cat tore his clothing.
➪ 21.1
2 Express the situations in (1) in complete Mandarin sentences using ᡞ bǎ.
Example: subject verb object
ᄽᄤ ৗᅠњ 佐ᑆ/仙ђ
Háizi chīwán le bǐnggān.
The children ate up the cookies.
-
ᄽᄤᡞ佐ᑆ䛑ৗᅠњDŽ
ᄽᄤᡞ仙ђ䛑ৗᅠњDŽ
Háizi bǎ bǐnggān dōu chīwán le.
➪ 20.1, 57.2.1
3 Four friends got together at the end of the day and compared their misfortunes.
Translate what they said in Mandarin using 㹿/bèi.
Example: My car was stolen. ៥ⱘ䔺㹿ً䍄њDŽ
៥ⱘ䒞㹿ً䍄њDŽ
Wǒ de chē bèi tōu zǒu le.
a. I got laid off. [㾷䲛 jiěgù lay off from work]
b. My house was on fire.
c. My window was broken.
d. I was robbed on the way here. [ᡶ/ᨊ qiǎng rob]
➪ 21.3

72
Part B

Situations and
functions

73
22
Names, kinship terms, titles,
and terms of address
1 Here is the Zhao family:
Mr. Zhao 䍉‫⫳ܜ‬/䍭‫ ⫳ܜ‬Zhào xiānsheng 45 years old
Mrs. Zhao 䍉໾໾/䍭໾໾ Zhào tàitai 43 years old
Miss Zhao Xijie 䍉㽓ᵄ/䍭㽓ᵄ Zhào Xījié 18 years old
Mr. Zhao Mingzhi 䍉ᯢᱎ/䍭ᯢᱎ Zhào Míngzhì 20 years old
Miss Zhao Xiqing 䍉㽓⏙/䍭㽓⏙ Zhào Xīqīng 16 years old
Mr. Zhao Mingyi 䍉ᯢН/䍭ᯢ㕽 Zhào Míngyì 14 years old
a. You are a hotel clerk.
(i) Address Mr. Zhao
(ii) Address Miss Zhao Xijie
(iii) Address Mrs. Zhao
➪ 22.1, 22.3.1
b. You are a good friend of Mr. Zhao, 40 years old. Address Mr. Zhao.
c. You are Zhao Xijie’s best friend. Address her.
➪ 22.4.1
d. You are Zhao Xiqing.
(i) Address Zhao Xijie.
(ii) Address Zhao Mingzhi.
e. You are Zhao Xijie. Introduce yourself and your family members to your
teacher, giving their ages.
f. You are Zhao Xiqing. Introduce your siblings using kinship terms.
g. You are Zhao Mingyi. Introduce yourself and your siblings using kinship terms.
➪ 22.2, 22.4.2
h. You refer to someone as নন shūshu. Is নন shūshu male or female,
and what is নন shūshu’s age in relation to your father’s age?
i. You hear a child describing someone as ཊཊ nǎinai. Is ཊཊ nǎinai male
or female, and what is ཊཊ nǎinai’s age in relationship to the child?
➪ 22.4.2
75 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-24
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j. You meet Miss Zhao Ailing for the first time.

(i) Ask her for her family name politely.
(ii) Assume you are Miss Zhao Ailing and answer the question.
(iii) Ask her for her full name.
(iv) Ask her how she would like to be addressed by you.
➪ 22.5
2 Provide the information requested in English below based on this name card.

䞥ቅ೑䰙㢅ು
䞥ቅ೟䱯㢅೦
Jīnshān Guójì Huāyuán
䛁ᯢᱎ
Guō Míngzhì
ഄഔ˖࣫ҀᏖᳱ䰇ऎᓎ೑䏃 ⬉䆱˖010-65666557
21ো
࣫ҀᏖᳱ䱑औᓎ೟䏃 ⬉Ӵ˖010-6566555
21㰳
Běijīng shì ᠟ᴎ˖13196118888
Cháoyáng qū
Jiànguó lù 21 hào

a. name
b. phone number
c. employer
d. fax number
3 Design your own name card. (No answer is provided in the Answer Key.)
➪ 22.6

76
23
Introductions
1 Here is information about ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng and ਼߽ Zhōu Lì.
⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng ਼߽ Zhōu Lì
• student • student
• your classmate • your younger male cousin on your father’s side
• studies economics • studies linguistics
• speaks English • speaks Japanese
Introduce them to each other in an informal manner and have them greet each
other.
You:
⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng:
਼߽ Zhōu Lì:
➪ 22.2.2, 23.1, 23.2, 23.3
2 Introduce the famous Professor Lin [ᵫᬭᥜ Lín jiàoshòu] to the famous
Dr. Zhang [ᓴए⫳/ᔉ䝿⫳ Zhāng yīshēng] in a formal manner. Have them greet
each other formally after the introductions.
You:
ᵫᬭᥜ Lín jiàoshòu:
ᓴए⫳/ᔉ䝿⫳ Zhāng yīshēng:
➪ 23.1, 23.2
3 ਼߽ Zhōu Lì has just moved into the dormitory and has met ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng for
the first time.

Complete ਼߽ Zhōu Lì’s part of the conversation in Mandarin.

⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng: ៥ᰃ⥟ᯢˈᰃϞ⍋ҎDŽ
Wǒ shì Wáng Míng, shì Shànghǎi rén.
਼߽ Zhōu Lì: (a) Hi. I am Zhou Li. I’m from Shandong.
⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng: ⳳ催݈DŽ៥ӀҞᑈᰃৠሟDŽ
ⳳ催㟜DŽ៥‫ץ‬ҞᑈᰃৠሟDŽ
Zhēn gāoxìng. Wǒmen jīnnián shì tóngwū.
਼߽ Zhōu Lì: (b) I’m glad to meet you. I hope we get along and can give
each other a hand this year.
77 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-25
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⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng: ԴᰃᄺҔМⱘ˛

Դᰃᅌ⫮咑ⱘ˛
Nǐ shì xué shénme de?
਼߽ Zhōu Lì: (c) I’m studying chemistry.
⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng: ៥гᰃDŽ
Wǒ yě shì.
਼߽ Zhōu Lì: (d) What a lucky coincidence!
➪ 23.1, 23.2, 23.3

78
24
Greetings and goodbyes
1 Match these greetings with the appropriate situation.
Greeting Situation
a. ᴹৗ佁৫˛ 1 You see an acquaintance going home.
՚ৗ仃஢˛
Lái chī fàn ma?
b. 㗕䰜ʽ 2 It is 7 a.m.
㗕䱇ʽ
Lǎo Chén!
c. Ϟા‫ܓ‬এ˛ 3 You see your professor on the subway.
Ϟા‫ܦ‬এ˛
Shàng nǎr qù?
d. ᮽDŽ 4 You run into your good friend at a restaurant.
Zǎo.
e. ಲᆊਔDŽ 5 You pass your neighbor on the street at noon.
Huí jiā ya.
f. Ϟ⧁এ৫˛ 6 You are at your front door and see your
Ϟ⧁এ஢˛ neighbor leaving the house.
Shàng bān qù ma?
g. ⥟㗕ᏜདDŽ 7 You are at your car at 7:30 a.m. and see your
⥟㗕᏿དDŽ neighbor walk by.
Wáng lǎoshī hǎo.
➪ 24.1
2 Provide the equivalent Mandarin expressions.
a. See you again.
b. See you in a while.
c. See you soon.
d. See you tomorrow.
e. See you next week.
➪ 24.2

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3 Provide the appropriate greetings and goodbyes for the following letters.
a. An informal letter to your friend 䆌ӳᔎ/䀅‫؝‬ᔎ Xǔ Wěiqiáng.
Greeting: As if talking to you face to face
Goodbye: Expressing good wishes for a Happy New Year, Your ‘younger
brother,’ ߬㒾℺/࡝㎦℺ Liú Xùwǔ
b. A formal letter to your teacher ૤㗕Ꮬ/૤㗕᏿ Táng lǎoshī.
Greeting: Please read this letter.
Goodbye: I respectfully extend my good wishes with concern about your
welfare in this summer season, I bow to you. Respectfully written
by your student, ᓴᰧ᯹/ᔉᲝ᯹ Zhāng Xiǎochūn.
➪ 24.3
4 You call your friend ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng on the phone. Translate your part of the
conversation into Mandarin.
a. I am looking for Wang Ming.
b. Wang Ming, long time no see. [དЙϡ㾕/དЙϡ㽟 hǎo jiǔ bù jiàn]
What have you been busy with lately?
c. You are going to Australia [▇໻߽Ѯ/▇໻߽Ѳ Aòdàlìyà]? Have a good trip.
d. See you when you get back. [See if you can figure out how to say this.]
➪ 24.1, 24.2

80
25
Basic strategies for
communication
1 Match each phrase with its function:
Phrase Function
a. ៥ᛇᠧ਀ϔϟ/៥ᛇᠧ㙑ϔϟ 1 indicating that the situation
wǒ xiǎng dǎting yīxià is acceptable
b. ᇍϡ䍋/ᇡϡ䍋 2 making a list
duìbuqǐ
c. ⏙Ἦ৫˛/⏙Ἦ஢˛ 3 formal apology before asking for
qīngchu ma? assistance or information
d. 㸠DŽ 4 making an inquiry
xíng
e. ᗢМ‫˛ݭ‬/ᗢ咑ᆿ˛ 5 describing a sequence
zěnme xiě?
f. ՟བ 6 neutral apology before asking for
lìrú assistance or information
g. ࢇ偒/ࢲ侩 7 inquiring about writing something
láojià
h. ㄀ϔ 8 asking for confirmation
dìyī
i. ✊ৢ/✊ᕠ 9 giving an example
ránhòu
➪ 25.1, 25.5

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2 Sheila is studying Chinese in Beijing and wants to go to Wangfujing [⥟ᑰѩ

Wángfǔjǐng] to shop. She asks a cab driver for information. Translate her
conversation into Mandarin.
a. Sheila: Driver, sorry for bothering you. Is Wangfujing far from here?
Driver: __________________________________________________________________
b. Sheila: I’m sorry. I didn’t understand. Can you say it again please?
Driver: __________________________________________________________________
c. Sheila: I’m very sorry. Please say it again slower.
Driver: __________________________________________________________________
d. Sheila: Yes, I understand. Thank you.
➪ 25.1, 25.5, 47.4
3 Write the character described by each of the following phrases.
Example: >ಯ@ >㎁@ Luó - 㕙 Luó
‘sì’ ‘wéi’ Luó
The character pronounced Luó is composed of the characters
ಯ and ㎁.

NOTE This description only works for the traditional form of this character. The simplified form is not
composed of ಯ and ㎁.

a. >‫ܘ‬ᓳ@ⱘ dì ‘xiōngdì’ de dì ‘the “di” of older and younger brother’

b. >ϝ⚍@∈ / >ϝ咲@ ∈ ‘sāndiǎn’ shuǐ ‘three dot’ water
c. >᳼ᄤ@ Lǐ ‘mù zǐ’ Lǐ ‘wood child’ Li
d. >ゟᮽ@ Zhāng ‘lì zǎo’ Zhāng ‘stand up early’ Zhang
e. >㘇ϰ@ Chén / >㘇ᵅ@ Chén ‘ěr dōng’ Chén ‘ear east’ Chen
f. >ϝ῾ϔオ@ⱘ Wáng / >ϝ‿ϔゾ@ⱘ Wáng ‘sān héng yī shù’ de Wáng
‘three horizontal one vertical’ Wang
➪ 25.7

4 ᖫ䲘 Zhìxióng and ྡྡ Shānshān discuss housing options for school with their
friend 㕢⦆ Měilíng, an incoming college freshman. ᖫ䲘 Zhìxióng prefers living
in a dorm while ྡྡ Shānshān thinks renting an apartment near campus is
better. Read their dialogue and fill in the blanks with words that introduce
further points (25.11.2), establish sequence or reference (25.11.3, 25.11.4) or give
examples (25.11.5).
ᖫ䲘 Zhìxióng: ᔧ✊ᰃᆓ㟡དʽ________(first of all)ˈᆓ㟡ህ೼ᄺ᷵䞠ˈϡᖙф䔺ˈ
䍄䏃ህৃҹএϞ䇒DŽ
⭊✊ᰃᆓ㟡དʽ________(first of all)ˈᆓ㟡ህ೼ᅌ᷵㺵ˈϡᖙ䊋䒞ˈ
䍄䏃ህৃ ҹএϞ䂆DŽ
Dāngrán shì sùshè hǎo! ________(first of all), sùshè jiù zài xuéxiào
lǐ, bù bì mǎi chē, zǒu lù jiù kěyǐ qù shàngkè.

82
Basic strategies for communication

________(In addition)ˈᆓ㟡䞠ҔМ䛑᳝ˈ䴲ᐌᮍ֓DŽ
________(In addition)ˈᆓ㟡㺵⫮咑䛑᳝ˈ䴲ᐌᮍ֓DŽ
________(In addition), sùshè lǐ shénme dōu yǒu, fēicháng fāngbiàn.
ྡྡ Shānshān: 䇕䇈ᆓ㟡ҔМ䛑᳝˛________(For example)ˈབᵰԴᛇৗЁ೑佁ˈ
䖬ᰃᕫࠄ໪䖍ⱘ佁佚DŽ
䂄䁾ᆓ㟡⫮咐䛑᳝˛________(For example)ˈབᵰԴᛇৗЁ೟仃ˈ
䙘ᰃᕫࠄ໪䙞ⱘ仃仼DŽ
Shéi shuō sùshè shénme dōu yǒu? ________(For example), rúguǒ nǐ
xiǎng chī zhōngguó fàn, háishì děi dào wàibian de fànguǎn.
________(as for) Ѹ䗮䯂乬ˈབᵰԴ೼ᄺ᷵䰘䖥⾳᠓ᄤˈৃҹത݀䔺
এᄺ᷵ˈϔḋᮍ֓DŽ
________(as for) Ѹ䗮ଣ丠ˈབᵰԴ೼ᅌ᷵䰘䖥⾳᠓ᄤˈৃҹത݀䒞
এᅌ᷵ˈϔῷᮍ֓DŽ
________(as for) jiāotōng wèntí, rúguǒ nǐ zài xuéxiào fùjìn zū
fángzi, kěyǐ zuò gōng chē qù xuéxiào, yīyàng fāngbiàn.
________(To put it another way)ˈ⾳᠓ᄤⳳⱘϡ䫭ʽ
________(To put it another way)ˈ⾳᠓ᄤⳳⱘϡ䤃ʽ
________(To put it another way), zū fángzi zhēn de bù cuò!

5 Imagine you are there giving 㕢⦆ Měilíng your advice on the housing too. Write
a few sentences telling her which is better, renting or living in a dorm, with
supporting evidence. Be sure to introduce your evidence with ‘for example,’ ‘in
addition,’ etc.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

83
26
Telecommunications
and e-communications:
telephones, the internet,
and social media
1 Write these phone numbers in Chinese (characters or Pinyin).
a. 62191074
b. 13651281180
c. 67179469
➪ 6.1.1, 26.1
2 Complete each sentence by adding the correct verb from the following list.
䕧ܹ䔌ܹ shūrù ‘enter,’ থⱐ fā ‘send,’ ᬊࠄ shōudào ‘receive,’ ᠧ dǎ ‘compose,’
᥹ࠄ jiēdào ‘receive,’ ᢼ䫭/᩹䤃 bōcuò ‘dial in error’
a. ԴBBBBB⬉䆱োⷕњˈϡᰃ ˈᰃ DŽ
ԴBBBBB䳏䁅㰳⺐њˈϡᰃ ˈᰃ DŽ
Nǐ_____diànhuà hàomǎ le, bù shì 8901, shì 9801.
You dialed the wrong number. It is not 8901, but 9801.
b. Դ‫ܜ‬BBBBBഄഔǃ⬉䆱োⷕˈ‫ݡ‬ಲㄨ䖭ѯ䯂乬DŽ
Դ‫ܜ‬BBBBBഄഔǃ䳏䁅㰳⺐ˈ‫ݡ‬ಲㄨ䗭ѯଣ丠DŽ
Nǐ xiān_____dìzhǐ, diànhuà hàomǎ, zài huídá zhèxiē wèntí.
First you input the address and phone number, and then answer these
questions.
c. བᵰԴ᳝ぎˈBBBBB៥᠟ᴎDŽ
བᵰԴ᳝ぎˈBBBBB៥᠟″DŽ
Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu kòng, _____ wǒ de shǒujī.
If you have time, call my cell phone.
d. ៥߮BBBBBҪⱘⷁֵˈҪ䇈Ҫ偀ϞህࠄњDŽ
៥࠯BBBBBҪⱘⷁֵˈҪ䁾Ҫ侀ϞህࠄњDŽ
Wǒ gāng_____tā de duǎnxìn, tā shuō tā mǎshang jiù dào le.
I just received his text. He said he will be here soon.
e. ԴBBBBB⥟ᇣྤⱘ⬉䆱њ৫˛ཌྷ䇈ཌྷ㒭Դᠧњད޴⃵DŽ
ԴBBBBB⥟ᇣྤⱘ䳏䁅њ৫˛ཌྷ䁾ཌྷ㌺Դᠧњདᑒ⃵DŽ
Nǐ_____Wáng xiǎojie de diànhuà le ma? Tā shuō tā gěi nǐ dǎle hǎojǐcì.
Did you receive Miss Wang’s call? She said she called you several times.

84 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-28
Telecommunications and e-communications: telephones, the internet, and social media

f. ៥㒭ҪBBBBBњㅔ䆃ˈ䅽Ҫᓔ䔺ᴹ᥹៥ӀDŽ
៥㒭ҪBBBBBњㇵ㿞ˈ䅧Ҫ䭟䒞՚᥹៥‫ץ‬DŽ
Wǒ gěi tā_____le jiǎnxùn, ràng tā kāi chē lái jiē wǒmen.
I texted him and asked him to pick us up.
➪ 26.1.1–26.1.3

3 Phone etiquette
a. Select the appropriate expression for answering a phone call.
i. Դདˈ䖭ᰃ⥟໻ӳDŽ
Դདˈ䗭ᰃ⥟໻㸯DŽ
Nǐ hǎo, zhè shì Wáng Dàwèi.
ii. ୖˈ䇋䯂ᰃાԡ˛
ୖˈ䂟ଣᰃાԡ˛
Wéi, qǐng wèn shì nǎwèi?
iii. ୖˈ䇋䯂Դᰃ䇕"
ୖˈ䂟ଣԴᰃ䂄˛
Wéi, qǐng wèn shì shéi?
b. Select the most appropriate way to ask to speak to Mr. Wang on the phone.
i. 䇋䯂៥ৃҹ䎳⥟‫⫳ܜ‬䇈䆱৫˛
䂟ଣ៥ৃҹ䎳⥟‫⫳ܜ‬䁾䁅஢˛
Qǐngwèn wǒ kěyǐ gēn Wáng Xiānshēng shūo huà ma?
ii. 䇋䯂Դᰃ⥟‫⫳ܜ‬৫˛
䂟ଣԴᰃ⥟‫⫳ܜ‬஢˛
Qǐngwèn nǐ shì Wáng Xiānshēng ma?
iii. 䇋䯂⥟‫⫳ܜ‬೼৫Ω
䂟ଣ⥟‫⫳ܜ‬೼஢˛
Qǐngwèn Wáng Xiānshēng zài ma?
➪ 26.1.4

4 Match the terms in Chinese with the corresponding ones in English.

a. 䰘ӊ fùjiàn web page
b. 㾚乥㽪丏 shìpín internet
c. 㔥义㎆䷕ wǎng yè attachment
d. ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ䳏ᄤ䛉ӊ diànzǐ yóujiàn social media
e. ⼒Ѹၦԧ⼒Ѹၦ储 shèjiāo méitǐ video call
f. Ѧ㘨㔥Ѧ㙃㎆ hùliánwǎng email
➪ 26.2.1–26.2.3

85
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

5 Match the terms in Chinese with corresponding ones in English.

a. मᅶ bókè influencers

b. 䌈᭛䊐᭛ tiēwén blog
c. 㔥㑶㎆㋙ wǎnghóng Facebook
d. 㘞໽ᅸ liáotiānshì to like (a post)
e. ⚍䌲咲䅮 diǎnzàn chat room
f. 㜌к㞝᳌ liǎnshū a post online
➪ 26.2.4
6 Add the appropriate word from the list below to each of the blanks to match the
English translations.
㔥义㎆䷕ 㔥৻㎆৻ キЏ 㔥キ㎆キ Ϟ㔥Ϟ㎆
wǎngyè wǎngbā zhàn zhǔ wǎngzhàn shàngwǎng
web page internet café webmaster website use the internet/go online

a. ៥Ӏⱘ⼒ಶ䅵ߦᓎゟϔϾBBBBBBDŽԴⱘϧϮᰃ⬉㛥ˈৃҹᐂ៥Ӏ䆒䅵BBBBBB৫˛
៥ӀгᏠᳯԴৃҹᔧBBBBBBˈㅵ⧚䖭Ͼ㔥キDŽ
៥‫⼒ⱘץ‬೬㿜⬿ᓎゟϔ‫ן‬BBBBBBDŽԴⱘᇜὁᰃ䳏㜺ˈৃҹᐿ៥‫ץ‬䀁㿜BBBBBB஢˛
៥‫ץ‬г ᏠᳯԴৃҹ⭊BBBBBBˈㅵ⧚䗭‫ן‬㎆キDŽ
Wǒmen de shètuán jìhuà jiànlì yī gè______. Nǐ de zhuānyè shì diànnǎo,
kěyǐ bāng wǒmen shèjì______ma? Wǒmen yě xīwàng nǐ kěyǐ dāng______,
guǎnlǐ zhègè wǎngzhàn.
Our club plans to build a website. Your major is computers. Can you help us
design web pages? We also hope that you can be the website host, managing
this website.
b. ⦄೼BBBBBBϡ໾⌕㸠њˈ಴Ў໻ᆊ䛑᳝᠟ᴎˈ䱣ᯊ䛑ৃҹBBBBBBDŽ
⧒೼BBBBBBϡ໾⌕㸠њˈ಴⠆໻ᆊ䛑᳝᠟″ˈ䱼ᰖ䛑ৃҹBBBBBBDŽ
Xiànzài______bù tài liúxíng le, yīnwèi dàjiā dōu yǒu shǒujī, suíshí dōu
kěyǐ______.
Internet bars are not popular now, because everyone has a cell phone and
can get online anytime.
➪ 26.2.2
7 Write the following scenarios.
a. Write a short email explaining to your teacher that you forgot to give them
your homework yesterday. Say that you have attached the homework in this
email. (use 䰘ӊ fùjiàn)
b. Send a short message to your club members about a meeting tomorrow. Tell
them the link is to tomorrow’s video conference. (use Ӯ䆂䖲᥹᳗䅄䗷㌤
huìyì liánjié)

86
Telecommunications and e-communications: telephones, the internet, and social media

c. Write a text to your partner asking if you two can have a video call now to
discuss a project. (use 㾚䆃㽪㿞 shìxùn)
➪ 26.2.1, 26.2.3
8 Select the correct definition for each of the following terms.
Terms Definitions
a. 㔥㑶㎆㋙ i. ᇍԴ᠔ⳟࠄⱘ䌈᭛㸼⼎୰⠅
wǎnghóng ᇡԴ᠔ⳟࠄⱘ䊐᭛㸼⼎୰ᛯ
duì nǐ suǒ kàndào de tiē wén biǎoshì xǐ’ài
b. ᖂֵᖂֵ ii. ೼ⷁֵϞ㒣ᐌ㘨㋏ⱘᮣ㕸
Wēixìn ೼ⷁֵϞ㍧ᐌ㙃㐿ⱘᮣ㕸
zài duǎnxìn shàng jīngcháng liánxì de zúqún
c. ⚍䌲咲䅮 iii. ೼Ё೑᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘ⼒Ѹၦԧˈৃҹথⷁֵǃ㾚乥
diǎnzàn ೼Ё೟᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘ⼒Ѹၦ储ˈৃҹⱐⷁֵǃ㽪丏
zài Zhōngguó zuì cháng yòng de shèjiāo méitǐ, kěyǐ fā
duǎnxìn, shìpín
d. ᳟ট೜ iv. ⼒ѸၦԧϞ᳝ᕅડ࡯ⱘҎˈᕜ໮ҎⳟҪӀⱘ䌈᭛
᳟ট೜ ⼒Ѹၦ储Ϟ᳝ᕅ䷓࡯ⱘҎˈᕜ໮ҎⳟҪӀⱘ䊐᭛
péng youquān shèjiāo méitǐ shàng yǒu yǐngxiǎnglì de rén, hěn duō
rén kàn tāmen de tiēwén
➪ 26.2.4
9 Reply to these questions expressing your opinion.
a. ᇍԴᴹ䇈ˈԴ୰⃶ҔМḋⱘ䗮䆃ᮍᓣ˛ЎҔМ˛
ᇡԴ՚䁾ˈԴ୰ℵҔ咐ῷⱘ䗮㿞ᮍᓣ˛⚎Ҕ咐˛
Duì nǐ lái shuō, nǐ xǐhuān shénmeyàng de tōngxùn fāngshì? Wèishénme?
b. Դᑇᐌ㢅໮ᇥᯊ䯈೼㔥Ϟ˛ԴϞ㔥‫خ‬ҔМ˛
Դᑇᐌ㢅໮ᇥᰖ䭧೼㎆Ϟ˛ԴϞ㎆‫خ‬Ҕ咐˛
Nǐ píngcháng huā duōshao shíjiān zài wǎngshàng? Nǐ shàngwǎng zuò
shénme?
c. Դ᳔ᐌ݇⊼ાϾ⼒Ѹၦԧ˛ЎҔМ˛
Դ᳔ᐌ䮰⊼ા‫⼒ן‬Ѹၦ储˛⚎Ҕ咑˛
Nǐ zuì cháng guānzhù nǎge shèjiāo méitǐ? Wèi shénme?
d. ЎҔМҎӀ୰⃶⚍䌲⼒ѸၦԧϞⱘ䌈᭛˛
⚎Ҕ咑Ҏ‫ץ‬୰ℵ咲䅮⼒Ѹၦ储Ϟⱘ䊐᭛˛
Wèi shénme rénmen xǐhuān diǎnzàn shèjiāo méitǐ shàng de tiēwén?
e. Դ䅸ЎᗢМḋৃҹ៤Ўϔԡ㔥㑶˛
Դ䁡⚎ᗢ咐ῷৃҹ៤⚎ϔԡ㎆㋙˛
Nǐ rènwéi zěnmeyàng kěyǐ chéngwéi yī wèi wǎnghóng?

87
27
Negating information
1 Put the negation word in the right place in the following sentences to match the
English translations.
Example: ៥㽕䎳Ҫ䇈䆱DŽ ϡ - ៥ϡ㽕䎳Ҫ䇈䆱DŽ
៥㽕䎳Ҫ䁾䁅DŽ ϡ ៥ϡ㽕䎳Ҫ䁾䁅DŽ
Wǒ yào gēn tā shuō huà. (bù) Wǒ bù yào gēn tā shuō huà.
I don’t want to talk with him.
a. ៥㽕䎳ҪӀৗ佁DŽ ϡ
៥㽕䎳Ҫ‫ץ‬ৗ仃DŽ ϡ
Wǒ yào gēn tāmen chī fàn. (bù)
I don’t want to eat with them.
b. ៥਀ពҪⱘ䆱DŽ ϡ
៥㙑ពҪⱘ䁅DŽ ϡ
Wǒ tīngdǒng tā de huà. (bù)
I don’t understand what he says.
c. ៥ᜓᛣ䎳Ҫ㒧ီDŽ ϡ
៥丬ᛣ䎳Ҫ㌤ီDŽ ϡ
Wǒ yuànyi gēn tā jiéhūn. (bù)
I am not willing to marry him.
d. ៥䖬‫އ‬ᅮфҔМDŽ ≵
៥䙘‫އ‬ᅮ䊋⫮咑DŽ ≦
Wǒ hái juédìng mǎi shénme. (méi)
I still haven’t decided what to buy.
e. ៥ᐌᴹ䖭䞠DŽ ϡ
៥ᐌ՚䗭㺣DŽ ϡ
Wǒ cháng lái zhèlǐ. (bù)
I don’t come here often.
f. ៥ḍᴀ᳝䪅DŽ ≵
៥ḍᴀ᳝䣶DŽ ≦
Wǒ gēnběn yǒu qián. (méi)
I have absolutely no money.

88 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-29
Negating information

g. ៥೼令ख़ৗ佁DŽ ϡ
៥೼令ᓇৗ仃DŽ ϡ
Wǒ zài cāntīng chī fàn. (bù)
I don’t eat in the cafeteria.
h. ៥Ӏ䛑Ӯ䇈ᑓϰ䆱DŽ ϡ
៥‫ץ‬䛑᳗䁾ᒷᵅ䁅DŽ ϡ
Wǒmen dōu huì shuō Guǎngdōng huà. (bù)
None of us can speak Cantonese.
i. ៥਀ពҪⱘ䆱DŽ ≵
៥㙑ពҪⱘ䁅DŽ ≦
Wǒ tīngdǒng tā de huà. (méi)
I did not understand what he said.
➪ 10.2, 11.1, 12, 13.3, 17, 27.1, 27.2
2 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, using ϡ bù or ≵ méi as appropriate.
a. I don’t like noodles. [䴶ᴵ/咉ṱ miàntiáo noodles]
b. I don’t have any friends.
c. I didn’t do my homework.
d. I am not tall.
e. I was not busy yesterday.
f. I haven’t ever heard that song before.
g. There’s no one home.
h. It didn’t rain yesterday.
i. I can’t drive a car.
j. I haven’t graduated from university.
➪ 27.1
3 Match these expressions with ᮴/⛵ wú and 䴲 fēi with equivalent Mandarin
expressions.
a. ᮴䆎བԩ/⛵䂪བԩ 1 ᖙ乏/ᖙ䷜
wúlùn rúhé bìxū
b. ᮴ᬙ/⛵ᬙ 2 䴲޵
wúgù fēifán
c. 䴲ᐌ 3 ϡㅵᗢМḋ/ϡㅵᗢ咑ῷ
fēicháng bù guǎn zěnmeyàng
d. 䴲ᕫ 4 ≵᳝ॳᬙ
fēiděi méi yǒu yuángù
e. ᮴↨/⛵↨ 5 ⡍߹
wúbǐ tèbié

89
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

f. 䴲 (verb) ϡৃ 6 ϡড়⊩
fēi (verb) bù kě bù héfǎ
g. 䴲⊩ 7 ϔᅮ
fēifǎ yīdìng
➪ 27.5
4 Some friends are having lunch together and they all want the last brownie
[Ꮧᳫሐ㲟㊩ bùlángní dàngāo] on the dessert tray. Each one says something
to convince the others that s/he is the most in need of that last brownie.
Translate their sentences into Mandarin.
Tom: I don’t have a girlfriend. I don’t know ANY girls.
Collins: I have never been to a prom. [㟲Ӯ/㟲᳗ wǔhuì]
Jackie: I’m 35 years old but I don’t know how to drive.
Abby: I’ve been learning Chinese for two years but I absolutely do not
understand what the teacher says.
Dennis: I’m broke. Without a doubt, I should get that brownie.
Sophia: I’m 42 years old, jobless and still live with my parents. No matter what,
I should get that brownie.
Imagine you are there. Say something to fight for the last brownie!
YOU:

90
28
Asking questions, answering
questions, and reporting
questions
1 Turn these statements into yes–no questions with ৫/஢ ma. Be careful to change
the pronouns when appropriate. Translate your questions into English.
Example: ៥Ӯ䇈Ё᭛DŽ - ԴӮ䇈Ё᭛৫˛
៥᳗䁾Ё᭛DŽ Դ᳗䁾Ё᭛஢˛
Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén. Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma?
I can speak Chinese. Can you speak Chinese?
a. ៥ᛇএЁ೑DŽ
៥ᛇএЁ೟DŽ
Wǒ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó.
I want to go to China.
b. ཌྷ᳝⬋᳟টDŽ
Tā yǒu nán péngyou.
She has a boyfriend.
c. ៥ৗ䖛⫳剐⠛DŽ
៥ৗ䘢⫳儮⠛DŽ
Wǒ chīguò shēngyúpiàn.
I’ve eaten sashimi before.
d. ҪӀӮ䇈Ё೑䆱DŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬᳗䁾Ё೟䁅DŽ
Tāmen huì shuō Zhōngguó huà.
They can speak Chinese.
e. Ҫᰃ㣅೑ҎDŽ
Ҫᰃ㣅೟ҎDŽ
Tā shì Yīngguó rén.
He is English.
f. ៥୰⃶ᮙ㸠DŽ
៥୰ℵᮙ㸠DŽ
Wǒ xǐhuan lǚxíng.
I like to travel.

91 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-30
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

g. Ё೑Ҏ⠅ଅ℠‫ܓ‬DŽ
Ё೟Ҏᛯଅ℠‫ܦ‬DŽ
Zhōngguó rén ài chàng gēr.
Chinese people love to sing.
h. Ҫ↣໽೼݀ು䎥ℹDŽ
Ҫ↣໽೼݀೦䎥ℹDŽ
Tā měitiān zài gōngyuán pǎo bù.
He jogs in the park every day.
➪ 28.1.1
2 Turn the statements in (1) into yes–no questions with verb-not-verb structure.
Example: ԴӮ䇈Ё᭛৫˛ - ԴӮϡӮ䇈Ё᭛˛
Դ᳗䁾Ё᭛஢˛ Դ᳗ϡ᳗䁾Ё᭛˛
Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma? Nǐ huì bù huì shuō Zhōngwén?
Can you speak Chinese? Can you speak Chinese?
➪ 28.1.2
3 Turn the statements in (1) into yes–no questions with ᰃ৺ shìfǒu structure.
Example: ԴӮ䇈Ё᭛৫˛ - Դᰃ৺Ӯ䇈Ё᭛˛
Դ᳗䁾Ё᭛஢˛ Դᰃ৺᳗䁾Ё᭛˛
Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma? Nǐ shìfǒu huì shuō Zhōngwén?
Can you speak Chinese? Can you speak Chinese?
➪ 28.1.3
4 Reply ‘yes’ to the following questions. Translate your responses into English.
Examples: Դএ䖛Ё೑৫˛ - এ䖛DŽ៥এ䖛Ё೑DŽ
Դএ䘢Ё೟஢˛ এ䘢DŽ៥এ䘢Ё೟DŽ
Nǐ qùguò Zhōngguó ma? Qùguò. Wǒ qùguò Zhōngguó.
Have you been to China? Yes. I have been to China before.
Դᰃ৺Ӯ䇈Ё᭛˛ - ᰃDŽᰃⱘDŽӮ˄䇈˅DŽ
Դᰃ৺᳗䁾Ё᭛˛ ᰃDŽᰃⱘDŽ᳗˄䇈˅DŽ
Nǐ shìfǒu huì shuō Zhōngwén? Shì./Shì de./Huì (shuō).
Do you speak Chinese? Yes, I do.
a. Դᰃᄺ⫳৫˛
Դᰃᅌ⫳஢˛
Nǐ shì xuésheng ma?
Are you a student?
b. Դᰃ৺Ӯᓔ䔺˛
Դᰃ৺᳗䭟䒞˛
Nǐ shìfǒu huì kāi chē?
Can you drive a car?

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c. Դୱ䖛Ё೑㤊৫˛
Դୱ䘢Ё೟㤊஢˛
Nǐ hēguò Zhōngguó chá ma?
Have you drunk Chinese tea before?
d. Դᰃ৺ৗ䖛࣫Ҁ⚸吁˛
Դᰃ৺ৗ䘢࣫Ҁ⚸勼˛
Nǐ shìfǒu chīguò Běijīng kǎoyā?
Have you eaten Beijing roast duck (Peking duck) before?
e. Դ୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅ৫˛
Դ୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅ஢˛
Nǐ xǐhuan kàn diànyǐng ma?
Do you like to watch movies?
f. ৄ࣫ᰃ৺᳝ഄ䪕˛
ৄ࣫ᰃ৺᳝ഄ䨉˛
Táiběi shìfǒu yǒu dìtiě?
Does Taipei have a subway?
g. Ḗᵫⱘቅ∈ⓖ҂৫˛
Ḗᵫⱘቅ∈ⓖ҂஢˛
Guìlín de shānshuǐ piàoliang ma?
Is Guilin’s scenery pretty?
h. Դ⫼ㅋᄤৗ佁৫˛
Դ⫼ㅋᄤৗ仃஢˛
Nǐ yòng kuàizi chī fàn ma?
Do you use chopsticks to eat?
i. Դᰃ৺ᐌᐌᗔ⭥Ҏ⫳˛
Դᰃ৺ᐌᐌ់⭥Ҏ⫳˛
Nǐ shìfǒu chángcháng huáiyí rénshēng?
Do you often have doubts about life?
➪ 28.1.4.1
5 Reply ‘no’ to each of the questions in (4).
Example: Դএ䖛Ё೑৫˛ - ≵এ䖛DŽ៥≵এ䖛Ё೑DŽ
Դএ䘢Ё೟஢˛ ≦এ䘢DŽ៥≦এ䘢Ё೟DŽ
Nǐ qùguò Zhōngguó ma? Méi qùguò. Wǒ méi qùguò
Zhōngguó.
Have you been to China? No, I haven’t. I have never
been to China.

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Դᰃ৺Ӯ䇈Ё᭛˛ - ϡӮDŽ
Դᰃ৺᳗䁾Ё᭛˛ ϡ᳗DŽ
Nǐ shìfǒu huì shuō Zhōngwén? Bù huì.
Do you speak Chinese? No, I don’t.
➪ 28.1.4.2
6 Ask ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng either– or questions with 䖬ᰃ/䙘ᰃ háishi about the
following topics. Use the verb in parentheses for each question. Translate your
questions into English.
Example: [ᰃ shì] Ё೑Ҏ/Ё೟Ҏ - ԴᰃЁ೑Ҏ䖬ᰃ㕢೑Ҏ˛
Zhōngguó rén – ԴᰃЁ೟Ҏ䙘ᰃ㕢೟Ҏ˛
㕢೑Ҏ/㕢೟Ҏ Nǐ shì Zhōngguó rén háishi
Měiguó rén Měiguó rén?
Are you Chinese or American?
a. [୰⃶/୰ℵ xǐhuan] Ё令 Zhōngcān – 㽓令 xīcān
b. [ᰃ shì] ᄺ⫳/ᅌ⫳ xuésheng – 㗕Ꮬ/㗕᏿ lǎoshī
c. [ᄺ/ᅌ xué] Ё೑᭛ᄺ/Ё೟᭛ᅌ Zhōngguó wénxué – 㣅೑᭛ᄺ/㣅೟᭛ᅌ
Yīngguó wénxué
d. [ᰃ shì] Ѡकϔቕ/Ѡकϔⅆ èrshíyī suì – ѠकѠቕ/ѠकѠⅆ èrshí’èr suì
e. [୰⃶/୰ℵ xǐhuan] ⳟ⬉㾚/ⳟ䳏㽪 kàn diànshì – ਀ᬊ䷇ᴎ/㙑ᬊ䷇″
tīng shōuyīnjī [⬉㾚/䳏㽪 diànshì television, ᬊ䷇ᴎ/ᬊ䷇″ shōuyīnjī radio]
f. [Ϟ shàng] 催Ё gāo zhōng – ໻ᄺ/໻ᅌ dàxué
➪ 28.3
7 Rewrite the following ਸ਼ ne questions as full Mandarin questions.
Example: ៥Ӯ䇈Ё೑䆱DŽԴਸ਼˛ - ԴӮ䇈Ё೑䆱৫˛
៥᳗䁾Ё೟䁅DŽԴਸ਼˛ Դ᳗䁾Ё೟䁅஢˛
Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngguo Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngguo
huà. Nǐ ne? huà ma?
a. ៥୰⃶ৗ㽓令DŽԴਸ਼˛
៥୰ℵৗ㽓令DŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ xǐhuan chī xīcān. Nǐ ne?
b. ៥ᰃᄺ⫳DŽԴਸ਼˛
៥ᰃᅌ⫳DŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ shì xuésheng. Nǐ ne?
c. ៥ᄺЁ೑᭛ᄺDŽԴਸ਼˛
៥ᅌЁ೟᭛ᅌDŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ xué Zhōngguó wénxué. Nǐ ne?

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d. ៥୰⃶ⳟ⬉㾚DŽԴਸ਼˛
៥୰ℵⳟ䳏㽪DŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ xǐhuan kàn diànshì. Nǐ ne?
e. ៥Ϟ໻ᄺDŽԴਸ਼˛
៥Ϟ໻ᅌDŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ shàng dàxué. Nǐ ne?
f. ៥⠅ⳟЁ೑⬉ᕅDŽԴਸ਼˛
៥ᛯⳟЁ೟䳏ᕅDŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ ài kàn Zhōngguó diànyǐng. Nǐ ne?
g. ៥ϡᢑ⚳DŽԴਸ਼˛
៥ϡᢑ✭DŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ bù chōu yān. Nǐ ne?
h. ៥এ䖛Ё೑DŽԴਸ਼˛
៥এ䘢Ё೟DŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ qùguò Zhōngguó. Nǐ ne?
➪ 28.5
8 Turn each of the following statements into a content question in which you ask
about the underlined word or phrase.
Example: Ҫᰃᇣ⥟ⱘᓳᓳDŽ - Ҫᰃ䇕ⱘᓳᓳ˛
Ҫᰃ䂄ⱘᓳᓳ˛
Tā shì Xiǎo Wáng de dìdi. Tā shì shéi de dìdi?
He is little Wang’s younger brother. Whose younger brother is he?

a. ഄ䪕⼼ϝഫ䪅DŽ
ഄ䨉⼼ϝพ䣶DŽ
Dìtiě piào sān kuài qián.
A subway ticket is $3.
b. હહ⡍߿୰⃶ৗ低ᄤDŽ
હહ⡍߹୰ℵৗ仗ᄤDŽ
Gēge tèbié xǐhuan chī jiǎozi.
Older brother particularly likes to eat dumplings.
c. ⦄೼Ѩ⚍䩳DŽ
⧒೼Ѩ咲䧬DŽ
Xiànzài wǔ diǎn zhōng.
It’s now 5 o’clock.
d. Ҫ೼㕢೑ԣњकᑈDŽ
Ҫ೼㕢೟ԣњकᑈDŽ
Tā zài Měiguó zhù le shí nián.
He lived in America for ten years.

95
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

e. ཌྷᰃ⊩೑ҎDŽ
ཌྷᰃ⊩೟ҎDŽ
Tā shì Fǎguó rén.
She is French. (lit.: a French person)
f. ࣫⍋݀ು೼ഄᅝ䮼໻㸫DŽ
࣫⍋݀೦೼ഄᅝ䭔໻㸫DŽ
Běihǎi gōng yuán zài Dì’ānmén dàjiē.
Beihai Park is on Di’Anmen street.
g. ៥᳝ϝϾৠሟDŽ
៥᳝ϝ‫ן‬ৠሟDŽ
Wǒ yǒu sān gè tóngwū.
I have three roommates.
h. ៥䎳៥ⱘ᳟টϔ䍋⾳ϔϾ᠓ᄤDŽ
៥䎳៥ⱘ᳟টϔ䍋⾳ϔ‫ן‬᠓ᄤDŽ
Wǒ gēn wǒ de péngyou yīqǐ zū yī gè fángzi.
I am renting a house with my friends.
➪ 28.6
9 Place these phrases in the correct order to correspond to the English translations.
a. 催䎳䵟 ЎҔМ ϡᜓᛣ Դ こ˛
催䎳䵟 ⠆⫮咑 ϡ丬ᛣ Դ こ˛
gāogēnxié wèishénme bù yuànyi nǐ chuān?
Why aren’t you willing to wear high-heeled shoes?
b. ޴⚍䩳 ᯼໽ ᰮϞ ಲᆊⱘ Դ˛
ᑒ咲䧬 ᯼໽ ᰮϞ ಲᆊⱘ Դ˛
jǐdiǎn zhōng zuótiān wǎnshang huí jiā de nǐ?
What time did you return home last night?
c. ೼ા‫ܓ‬ Դ ໻ᄺ Ϟ˛
೼ા‫ܦ‬ Դ ໻ᅌ Ϟ˛
zài nǎr nǐ dàxué shàng?
Where do you attend university?
d. ໮ᇥ ᄺ⫳ ᳝ Դⱘ Ё᭛⧁˛
໮ᇥ ᅌ⫳ ᳝ Դⱘ Ё᭛⧁˛
duōshao xuésheng y ǒu nǐ de Zhōngwén bān?
How many students are in your Chinese class?
e. ҔМഄᮍ ↣໽ Դ ೼ ‫ذ‬䔺˛
⫮咑ഄᮍ ↣໽ Դ ೼ ‫ذ‬䒞˛
shénme dìfang měitiān nǐ zài tíng chē?
Where do you park your car every day?

96
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f. ໮䖰 Ꮘ咢 ⾏ Ӻᬺ ᳝˛
໮䘴 Ꮘ咢 䲶 ‫׿‬ᬺ ᳝˛
duō yuǎn Bālí lí Lúndūn yǒu?
How far is it from Paris to London?
g. ޴ϾҎ 㛑 䖭Ͼ䔺 ത˛
ᑒ‫ן‬Ҏ 㛑 䗭‫ן‬䒞 ത˛
jǐ gè rén néng zhège chē zuò?
How many people can this car seat?
h. ޴ো ޴᳜ Ҟ໽ ᰃ˛
ᑒ㰳 ᑒ᳜ Ҟ໽ ᰃ˛
jǐ hào jǐ yuè jīntiān shì?
What is today’s date? (What is today’s month and date?)
➪ 4, 28.6, 47.4
10 Translate these questions into Mandarin.
a. Where do you study Chinese?
b. When do you eat dinner?
c. What time does this store open for business?
d. How long have you studied Chinese?
e. How many people have you invited to dinner?
f. Who do you know?
g. Why do you want to see that movie?
h. How many children do they have?
➪ 28.6
11 Reporting questions: rewrite the sentence to include the people in the
conversation.
Examples:
ᬭᅸ೼ા‫(˛ܓ‬៥/៥ৠሟ) - ៥䯂៥ৠሟᬭᅸ೼ા‫ܓ‬DŽ
ᬭᅸ೼ા‫(˛ܦ‬៥/៥ৠሟ) ៥ଣ៥ৠሟᬭᅸ೼ા‫ܦ‬DŽ
Jiàoshì zài nǎr? (wǒ/wǒ tóngwū) Wǒ wèn wǒ tóngwū jiàoshì zài nǎr?
Where’s the classroom? (I/my roommate) I asked my roommate where the classroom is.

Դᯢ໽এ৫˛(៥/៥ৠሟ) - ៥䯂៥ৠሟᯢ໽এϡএDŽ
Դᯢ໽এ஢˛ ៥៥ৠሟ ៥䯂៥ৠሟᯢ໽এϡএDŽ
Nǐ míngtiān qù ma? (wǒ/wǒ tóngwū) Wǒ wèn wǒ tóngwū míngtiān qù bù qù.
Are you going tomorrow? (I/my I asked my roommate if he’s going
roommate) tomorrow.

97
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

a. ޴⚍ৗᰮ佁?˄៥/ཛྷཛྷ˅
ᑒ咲ৗᰮ仃?˄៥/႑႑˅
Jǐ diǎn chī wǎnfàn? (wǒ/māma)
When do we eat dinner? (I/mother)
b. Դⱘ⫳᮹ᰃ޴᳜޴ো?˄៥/ᇣ⥟˅
Դⱘ⫳᮹ᰃᑒ᳜ᑒ㰳?˄៥/ᇣ⥟˅
Nǐ de shēngrì shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào? (wǒ/Xiǎo Wáng)
When is your birthday? (I/Xiao Wang)
c. 䇕≵‫ࡳݭ‬䇒˛(㗕Ꮬ/៥Ӏ)
䂄≦ᆿࡳ䂆˛(㗕᏿/៥‫)ץ‬
Shéi méi xiě gōngkè? (lǎoshī/wǒmen)
Who didn’t do the homework? (teacher/us)
d. 䖭ᰃ䇕ⱘ㞾㸠䔺˛(᷵䭓/ᄺ⫳)
䗭ᰃ䂄ⱘ㞾㸠䒞˛(᷵䭋/ᅌ⫳)
Zhè shì shéi de zìxíngchē? (xiàozhǎng/xuéshēng)
Whose bike is this? (principal/students)
e. Դୱ੪ଵ৫˛(ЏҎ/៥)
Դୱ੪ଵ஢˛(ЏҎ/៥)
Nǐ hē kāfēi ma? (zhǔrén/wǒ)
Do you drink coffee? (host/me)
f. ԴҞᑈӮ↩Ϯ৫˛(㗕Ꮬ/៥)
ԴҞᑈ᳗⬶ὁ஢˛(㗕᏿/៥)
Nǐ jīnnián huì bìyè ma? (lǎoshī/wǒ)
Will you graduate this year? (teacher/me)
g. ࣫Ҁ⦄೼‫ދ‬৫˛(៥/៥೼࣫Ҁⱘ᳟ট
࣫Ҁ⧒೼‫ދ‬஢˛(៥/៥೼࣫Ҁⱘ᳟ট)
Běijīng xiànzài lěng ma? (wǒ/wǒ zài Běijīng de péngyǒu)
Is Beijing cold right now? (I/my friend in Beijing)
h. ԴӮᓔ䔺њ৫˛(៥/៥ᕜЙϡ㽟ⱘৠᄺ)
Դ᳗䭟䒞њ஢˛(៥/៥ᕜЙϡ㽟ⱘৠᅌ)
Nǐ huì kāi chē le ma? (wǒ/wǒ hěn jiǔ bù jiàn de tóngxué)
Do you know how to drive now? (I/a classmate that I haven’t seen for a
long time)
➪ 28.7

98
Asking questions, answering questions, and reporting questions

12 An American movie star, who reportedly studied Chinese just for this role, is here
in Shanghai to promote her new film. As a reporter, you are compiling
a list of questions that you can ask at the press conference. Translate the first five
questions into Mandarin and write three additional questions in Mandarin based
on the cues in parentheses.
a. How long are you staying in Shanghai?
b. Have you ever been to China before?
c. Is Chinese difficult to learn? Why?
d. What Chinese food do you most want to try?
e. Can you tell us more about this role [㾦㡆 juésè role]?
f. ____________________________________ (ask about her future plans)
g. ____________________________________ (ask about her co-stars)
h. ____________________________________ (ask about her acting history)

99
29
Expressing identification,
possession, and existence
1 Complete each of the following sentences with ᰃ shì, ᳝ yǒu, or ೼ zài to best
match the English translation.
a. ࣫␪ ________ ݀ು䞠DŽ
࣫␪ ________ ݀೦㺣DŽ
Běi Hú ________ gōng yuán lǐ.
North Lake is in the park.
b. ៥ᆊ ________ ѨϾҎDŽ
៥ᆊ ________ Ѩ‫ן‬ҎDŽ
Wǒ jiā ________ wǔ gè rén.
There are five people in my family.
c. 䰶ᄤ䞠䛑 ________ 㢅DŽ
䰶ᄤ㺣䛑 ________ 㢅DŽ
Yuànzi lǐ dōu ________ huā.
The courtyard is full of flowers.
d. ᴎഎ ________ ජ໪DŽ
″จ ________ ජ໪DŽ
Jīchǎng ________ chéngwài.
The airport is outside of the city.
e. Ҫ ________ ᓴ㗕ᏜDŽ
Ҫ ________ ᔉ㗕᏿DŽ
Tā ________ Zhāng lǎoshī.
He is teacher Zhang.
f. ϛ䞠䭓ජ ________ Ё೑৫˛
㨀䞠䭋ජ ________ Ё೟஢˛
Wànlǐ Chángchéng ________ Zhōngguó ma?
Is the Great Wall in China?

100 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-31

g. ජ໪ ________ ϔϾᴎഎDŽ
ජ໪ ________ ϔ‫ן‬″จDŽ
Chéngwài ________ yī gè jīchǎng.
Outside of the city there is an airport.
h. ජ㽓䖍 ________ ໻ᄺජDŽ
ජ㽓䙞 ________ ໻ᅌජDŽ
Chéng xībian ________ dàxué chéng.
The west side of the city is the university district.
i. 䙷Ͼ໻ᄺ ________ ϔϛᄺ⫳DŽ
䙷‫ן‬໻ᅌ ________ ϔ㨀ᅌ⫳DŽ
Nàge dàxué ________ yī wàn xuésheng.
That university has ten thousand students.
j. ⬉ᕅ䰶 ________ ೒к佚ⱘᇍ䴶DŽ
䳏ᕅ䰶 ________ ೪᳌仼ⱘᇡ䴶DŽ
Diànyǐng yuàn ________ túshūguǎn de duìmiàn.
The movie theater is right across from the library.
➪ 29.1, 29.2, 29.3
2 Translate these noun phrases into English.
Example: ⠌⠌‫ⱘخ‬佁 - food that dad cooked
⠌⠌‫ⱘخ‬仃
bàba zuò de fàn
a. ៥હહⱘཇ᳟ট
wǒ gēge de nǚ péng you
b. Դⱘᮄ䔺
Դⱘᮄ䒞
nǐ de xīn chē
c. ៥Ӏⱘ໪䇁㗕Ꮬ
៥‫ⱘץ‬໪䁲㗕᏿
wǒmen de wàiyǔ lǎoshī
d. ᄽᄤⱘཛྷཛྷ
ᄽᄤⱘ႑႑
háizi de māma
e. ៥ᓳᓳⱘৠሟⱘ᳟ট
wǒ dìdi de tóngwū de péngyou
f. ៥᳟টⱘৠሟⱘᓳᓳ
wǒ péng you de tóngwū de dìdi

101
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

g. ᓴ㗕Ꮬⱘྍྍⱘᄺ⫳
ᔉ㗕᏿ⱘྍྍⱘᅌ⫳
Zhāng lǎoshī de mèimei de xuésheng
h. ᓴ㗕Ꮬⱘᄺ⫳ⱘྍྍ
ᔉ㗕᏿ⱘᅌ⫳ⱘྍྍ
Zhāng lǎoshī de xuésheng de mèimei
➪ 29.2.2
3 Unscramble these noun phrases to correspond to their English translations.
a. ཌྷⱘཇᄽᄤᕜⱘⓖ҂
tā de nǚ háizi hěn de piàoliang
her very pretty daughter
b. 䇒ᴀⱘЁ᭛៥
䂆ᴀⱘЁ᭛៥
kèběn de Zhōngwén wǒ
my Chinese textbook
c. Դⱘ᳟ট໪೑
Դⱘ᳟ট໪೟
nǐ de péngyou wàiguó
your foreign friends
d. ៥᠓ᄤජ䞠ⱘ
៥᠓ᄤජ㺣ⱘ
wǒ fángzi chénglǐ de
my house in the city
e. ੠⇨ⱘ᳟টⱘཌྷ
੠⇷ⱘ᳟টⱘཌྷ
héqi de péngyou de tā
her very nice friend
f. 䵟ᄤ៥ⱘᕜ㟦᳡ⱘ
xiézi wǒ de hěn shūfu de
my very comfortable shoes
➪ 29.2.2
4 Henry is on a business trip to a city in China. On Saturday he decided to explore
the city himself. The concierge at the hotel was very helpful, showing him the
neighborhood on the map. Complete the dialogue for them by filling in ᳝ yǒu,
ᰃ shì or ೼ zài as appropriate.

Concierge: ᙼⳟˈ៥Ӏⱘᮙ佚 ________ 䖭‫ܓ‬DŽᙼᛇএા‫˛ܓ‬

ᙼⳟˈ៥‫ⱘץ‬ᮙ仼 ________ 䗭‫ܦ‬DŽᙼᛇএા‫˛ܦ‬
Nín kàn, women de lǚguǎn ________ zhèr. Nín xiǎng qù nǎr?
You see, our hotel is here. Where do you want to go?

102
Expressing identification, possession, and existence

Henry: ਀䇈䰘䖥 ________ ϔϾ݀ುˈ⦄೼ ________ ೷䆲㢅♃ሩˈ៥ᛇএⳟⳟDŽ

㙑䁾䰘䖥 ________ ϔϾ݀೦ˈ⧒೼ ________ 㘪䁩㢅➜ሩˈ៥ᛇএⳟⳟDŽ
Tīngshuō fùjìn ________ yī ge gōngyuán, xiànzài ________
Shèngdàn huādēng zhǎn, wǒ xiǎng qù kànkan.
I heard there’s a park nearby. There’s a Christmas light show right
now. I’d like to check it out.
Concierge: ៥ⶹ䘧ˈᙼ䇈ⱘ ________ Ёቅ݀ು৻DŽЁቅ݀ು ________ 䖭‫ˈܓ‬
ᙼৃҹത݁ো䔺DŽ䔺キህ ________ ᇍ䴶DŽϞ䔺ф⼼DŽ
៥ⶹ䘧ˈᙼ䁾ⱘ ________ Ёቅ݀೦৻DŽЁቅ݀೦ ________ 䗭‫ˈܦ‬
ᙼৃҹത݁㰳䒞DŽ䒞キህ ________ ᇡ䴶DŽϞ䒞䊋⼼DŽ
Wǒ zhīdào, nín shuō de ________ Zhōngshān gōng yuán ba.
Zhōngshān gōngyuán ________ zhèr. Nín kěyǐ zuò liù hào chē.
Chēzhàn jiù ________ duìmiàn. Shàng chē mǎi piào.
I know. What you said is Zhongshan Park right? Zhongshan Park
is here. You can take Bus #6. The bus stop is right across the street.
Tickets are purchased onboard.
Henry: 䔺キ䰘䖥 ________ ৃҹᤶ䳊䪅ⱘഄᮍ৫˛
䒞キ䰘䖥 ________ ৃҹ᦯䳊䣶ⱘഄᮍ஢˛
fùjìn ________ kěyǐ huàn língqián de dìfāng ma?
Is there a place near the stop that I can get some change?
Concierge: 䔺キᮕ䖍ህ ________ 䙷ᆊ᳝ৡⱘᮽ令ᑫˈᓎ䆂ᙼৃҹএৗϾᮽ令ˈ
乎֓ᤶ䪅DŽ
䒞キᮕ䙞ህ ________ 䙷ᆊ᳝ৡⱘᮽ令ᑫˈᓎ䅄ᙼৃҹএৗ‫ן‬ᮽ令ˈ
䷚֓᦯䣶DŽ
Chēzhàn pángbiān jiù ________ nà jiā yǒumíng de zǎocān diàn,
jiànyì nín kěyǐ qù chī ge zǎocān, shùnbiàn huàn qián.
Right next to the stop is that famous breakfast place. I suggest that
you can eat breakfast there and get some change.
Henry: དˈ䇶䇶Դˈ‫ݡ‬㾕ʽ
དˈ䃱䃱Դˈ‫ݡ‬㽟ʽ
Hǎo, xièxie nǐ, zài jiàn!
Great. Thanks. Goodbye!
Concierge: ϡᅶ⇨ˈ⼱ᙼ⥽ᕫᛝᖿʽ
ϡᅶ⇷ˈ⼱ᙼ⥽ᕫᛝᖿʽ
Bù kèqi, zhù nín wán de yúkuài!
You are welcome. Have fun!
5 Your classmate is describing how messy the professor’s office is. Draw a picture of
the office based on the description below.
ሟᄤ䞠᳝ϔᓴ໻≭থDŽ≭থ䴴ⴔ๭ˈህ೼に᠋ⱘϟ䖍DŽ≭থϞ䛑ᰃ᡹㒌DŽ≭থⱘ
Ꮊ䖍ᰃ㗕᏿ⱘ᳌ḠˈḠϞᬒⴔᕜ໮кˈ䖬᳝ད޴ϾᵃᄤDŽ≭থে䖍᳝ϔϾкᶊˈ
кᶊᮕ䖍ⱘ๭Ϟᣖⴔϔᐙ⬏DŽкᶊϞা᳝ϸϝᴀкˈৃᰃഄϞ䛑ᰃкDŽ

103
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

ሟᄤ䞠᳝ϔᔉ໻≭ⱐDŽ≭ⱐ䴴㨫⠚ˈህ೼に᠊ⱘϟ䙞DŽ≭ⱐϞ䛑ᰃฅ㋭DŽ≭ⱐⱘ
Ꮊ䙞ᰃ㗕᏿ⱘ᳌ḠˈḠϞᬒ㨫ᕜ໮᳌ˈ䙘᳝དᑒ‫ן‬ᵃᄤDŽ≭ⱐে䙞᳝ϔ‫ן‬᳌ᶊˈ
᳌ᶊᮕ䙞ⱘ⠚Ϟ᥯㨫ϔᐙ⬿DŽ᳌ᶊϞা᳝ܽϝᴀ᳌ˈৃᰃഄϞ䛑ᰃ᳌DŽ
Wūzi li yǒu yī zhāng dà shāfā. Shāfā kàozhe qiáng, jiù zài chuānghu de
xiàbian. Shāfā shàng dōu shì bàozhǐ. Shāfā de zuǒbian shì lǎoshī de shūzhuō,
zhuōshàng fàngzhe hěn duō shū, hái yǒu hǎo jǐ gè bēizi. Shāfā yòubian yǒu
yīgè shūjià, shūjià pángbiān de qiáng shàng guàzhe yī fú huà. Shūjià shàng
zhǐ yǒu liǎng sān běn shū, kěshì dìshang dōu shì shū.

104
30
Describing people, places,
and things
1 Describe ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng in complete sentences in terms of these attributes.
a. 18 years old
b. a student
c. intelligent
d. tall
e. Canadian
➪ 30.1, 30.2
2 Ask content questions about ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng in complete Mandarin sentences
based on the following information. Each question should focus
on the underlined information.
Example: He studies in China. - Ҫ೼ા‫ܓ‬ᗉк˛
Ҫ೼ા‫ܦ‬ᗉ᳌˛
Tā zài nǎr niàn shū?
a. He is 18 years old.
b. He speaks Chinese.
c. He is Canadian.
d. He likes foreign movies.
e. His birthday is June 15.
f. He has two younger brothers.
g. He goes to France every year.
h. He bought a Chinese dictionary.
➪ 28.6, 30.4, 30.7
3 In complete Mandarin sentences, explain what the following things are made of.
Example: ice cream – cream - ‫⎟⎛ބ‬ᰃ⫼ཊ⊍‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
‫⎟⎛ބ‬ᰃ⫼ཊ⊍‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
Bīngqilín shì yòng nǎiyóu zuò de.
a. books – paper
b. candy [㊪ᵰ táng guǒ] – sugar [㊪ táng]

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c. steamed buns [佦༈/伙丁 mántou] – flour [䴶㉝/呾㉝ miànfěn]

d. ice cubes [‫ބ‬ഫ/‫ބ‬พ bīngkuài] – water
e. houses – wood [᳼༈/᳼丁 mùtou]
➪ 30.5
4 You are a weather forecaster. Describe the weather for these three cities in
complete sentences in Mandarin.
a. New York b. Beijing c. Taipei
cold partly cloudy sunny
snowing windy humid
15 °F –2 °C 30 °C
➪ 30.8
5 You are feeling ill and have a doctor’s appointment. Express the conversation in
Mandarin.
a. Tell the doctor that you are not feeling well, that you have a cough and
a headache and that you also have a runny nose.
b. Have the doctor ask you if you have a fever.
c. Tell the doctor you don’t have a fever.
d. Have the doctor ask if you have diarrhea.
e. Tell the doctor that you do.
f. Have the doctor ask you if you have a stomachache.
g. Tell her that you don’t.
h. Have the doctor tell you that you have a cold. She will write you a prescription,
and you should take the medicine every four hours. You should sleep a lot,
and you should drink a lot of water. It would be best if you did not eat any spicy
food [䕷ⱘ là de spicy things]. You will feel better in a couple of days.
➪ 28.7, 30.9, 50.1.3
6 If you were to write a personal ad in Mandarin for your best friend, what would
you say? Write a paragraph with no less than 50 words that includes his/her
personal background, personality and appearance.
(Free response; no answer is provided in the Answer Key.)
7 You are telling your neighbor’s children the story of ‘Hansel and Gretel’ in
Mandarin. Describe the candy house in the story. For example, ‘the roof is made
of cookies.’ Here’s a beginning for you:

ҪӀⳟࠄϔϾᕜ༛ᗾⱘ᠓ᄤˈ__________________________________________________
Ҫ‫ࠄⳟץ‬ϔ‫ן‬ᕜ༛ᗾⱘ᠓ᄤˈ__________________________________________________
Tāmen kàndào yī ge hěn qíguài de fángzi, _________________________________
They see a very strange house, _______________________________________________
(Free response; no answer is provided in the Answer Key.)

106
31
Describing how actions are
performed
1 In complete Mandarin sentences, describe how ૤⥿⦆ Táng Méilíng does each
of the following actions.
Example: walks slowly - ཌྷ䍄ᕫᕜ᜶DŽ
ཌྷ䍄ᕫᕜ᜶DŽ
Tā zǒu de hěn màn.
a. speaks slowly e. studies too little
b. writes clearly f. runs ver y fast
c. eats a lot g. cooks well
d. drives too fast h. sings a lot
➪ 31.1
2 In complete Mandarin sentences, describe how ૤⥿⦆ Táng Méilíng does each
of the following actions. Be sure to include the object of the verb in each of your
sentences.
Example: sleeps a lot - ཌྷⴵ㾝ⴵᕫᕜ໮DŽ
ཌྷⴵ㾎ⴵᕫᕜ໮DŽ
Tā shuì jiào shuì de hěn duō.
a. speaks Japanese slowly
b. writes Chinese characters clearly
c. drinks a lot of tea
d. drives a car too fast
e. studies Chinese too little
f. plays tennis a lot [ᠧ㔥⧗/ᠧ㎆⧗ dǎ wǎngqiú play tennis]
g. cooks Chinese food well
h. sings karaoke a lot [वᢝ OK kǎlā OK karaoke]
➪ 31.1.1, 31.1.2

3 ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng is thinking about asking 催㭒 Gāo Lěi for a date, but
he wants to know a few things about her first. Translate his questions
into English.

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SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

a. ཌྷᄺᕫᗢМḋ˛
ཌྷᅌᕫᗢ咑ῷ˛
Tā xué de zěnmeyàng?
b. ཌྷ‫خ‬㦰‫خ‬ᕫᗢМḋ˛
ཌྷ‫خ‬㦰‫خ‬ᕫᗢ咑ῷ˛
Tā zuò cài zuò de zěnmeyàng?
c. ཌྷᓔ䔺ᓔᕫᗢМḋ˛
ཌྷ䭟䒞䭟ᕫᗢ咑ῷ˛
Tā kāi chē kāi de zěnmeyàng?
d. ཌྷଅ℠‫ܓ‬ଅᕫᗢМḋ˛
ཌྷଅ℠‫ܦ‬ଅᕫᗢ咑ῷ˛
Tā chàng gēr chàng de zěnmeyàng?
e. ཌྷ䏇㟲䏇ᕫᗢМḋ˛
ཌྷ䏇㟲䏇ᕫᗢ咑ῷ˛
Tā tiào wǔ tiào de zěnmeyàng?
f. ཌྷ䇈㣅᭛䇈ᕫᗢМḋ˛
ཌྷ䁾㣅᭛䁾ᕫᗢ咑ῷ˛
Tā shuō Yīngwén shuō de zěnmeyàng?
➪ 31.2
4 This is what you tell ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng about 催㭒 Gāo Lěi. Express your opinions
in Mandarin.
a. She studies well.
b. She cooks extremely well.
c. She drives (a car) a little slowly.
d. She is not bad at singing. (In Chinese: She sings not bad.)
e. She doesn’t dance too well. (In Chinese: She dances not too well.)
f. She speaks English particularly accurately.
➪ 31.1
5 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, inserting the parenthesized adverbial
modifier in the appropriate position to express the English meaning.
Example: ᄽᄤ೼⥽DŽ 催催݈݈ഄ
ᄽᄤ೼⥽DŽ 催催㟜㟜ഄ
Háizi zài wán. (gāogāo xīngxīng de)
The children are playing. (happily)
-
ᄽᄤ೼催催݈݈ഄ⥽DŽ
ᄽᄤ೼催催㟜㟜ഄ⥽DŽ
Háizi zài gāogāo xīngxīng de wán.
The children are playing happily.
108
Describing how actions are performed

a. ૤⥿⦆ᡞ䮼ᓔᓔњDŽ
૤⥿⦆ᡞ䭔䭟䭟њDŽ
Táng Méilíng bǎ mén kāikai le.
Tang Meiling opened the door slowly. [᜶᜶ഄ mànmān de]
b. ૤⥿⦆ᡞ佁ৗᅠњDŽ
૤⥿⦆ᡞ仃ৗᅠњDŽ
Táng Méilíng bǎ fàn chīwán le.
Tang Meiling finished eating quickly. [ᖿᖿഄ kuàikuāi de]
c. ૤⥿⦆ᡞৠሟⱘ᠟ᴎ˄᠟″˅‫׳‬䍄њDŽ
Táng Méilíng bǎ tóngwū de shǒujī jiè zǒu le.
Tang Meiling secretly borrowed her roommate’s cell phone. [ًً‫ܓ‬ഄ/ًً
‫ܦ‬ഄ tōutōur de]
d. ૤⥿⦆ᐂࡽњྍྍDŽ
૤⥿⦆ᐿࡽњྍྍDŽ
Táng Méilíng bāngzhù le mèimei.
Tang Meiling willingly helped her younger sister. [㞾ᜓഄ/㞾丬ഄ zìyuàn de]
e. ૤⥿⦆⋫њⲬᄤDŽ
૤⥿⦆⋫њⲸᄤDŽ
Táng Méilíng xǐ le pánzi.
Tang Meiling hurriedly washed the dishes. [ࣚᖭഄ/ࣚᖭഄ cōngmáng de]
f. ૤⥿⦆িњ᳟টDŽ
Táng Méilíng jiào le péngyou.
Tang Meiling greeted her friends loudly. [໻ໄഄ/໻㙆ഄ dàshēng de]
g. ૤⥿⦆‫ݭ‬њ԰᭛DŽ
૤⥿⦆ᆿњ԰᭛DŽ
Táng Méilíng xiě le zuòwén.
Tang Meiling carefully wrote the essay. [⫼ᖗഄ yòngxīn de]
h. ૤⥿⦆਀њ᡹ਞDŽ
૤⥿⦆㙑њฅਞDŽ
Táng Méilíng tīng le bàogào.
Tang Meiling listened attentively to the announcement. [䅸ⳳഄ/䁡ⳳഄ
rènzhēn de]
➪ 31.3

109
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

6 You are the agent of John Lee, an aspiring actor, and you are on the phone trying
to set up an audition for him. Use John’s resumé below to talk him up.
....
a. Fluent in Chinese; conversational French
b. Regional champion in car racing
c. Finalist in national dance competition
d. Two years training in classical piano [ᔍ䩶⨈/ᔜ䣐⨈ tán gāngqín]
....

7 As a casting director, you want to know if this actor is worthy of an audition for
the role. Find out if he has the following talents.
a. Does he run fast?
b. Does he have perfect handwriting?
c. Does he have a beautiful voice? (Is his voice nice to listen to?)
d. Does he speak clearly?
8 Ms. Annie, an elementary school teacher, is preparing her students for
a ‘Meet-the-Author’ event with Mr. Will. Fill in the blanks with the proper
adverbial modifiers to complete her talk.

ᅝᅝ䴭䴭ഄ ᗹᗹᖭᖭഄ ໻ໄഄ/໻㙆ഄ ᙘᙘഄ 䅸ⳳഄ/䁡ⳳഄ

ānān jìngjing de jíjí mángmáng de dàshēng de qiǎoqiǎo de rènzhēn de
quietly hurriedly in a loud voice quietly, without conscientiously
being noticed

ᯢ໽ᮽϞ 9:50 ៥Ӏህ __________ ᥦ䯳(line up)‫ޚ‬໛এ໻⼐ූ(auditorium)DŽ៥ⶹ䘧ԴӀ䛑

ᕜ݈༟ˈৃᰃˈৃҹ __________ 䇈䆱৫˛(students: ϡৃҹʽ) ࠄњ໻⼐ූതϟᴹˈ
㽕 __________ ਀ Mr. Will 䇈䆱DŽབᵰ਀ࠄϔञԴ䳔㽕এ३᠔ˈ䇋Դ __________ ਞ
䆝៥ˈ✊ৢᖿএᖿಲDŽ㒧ᴳҹৢˈᥦད䯳᜶᜶ഄ䍄ಲᬭᅸˈৃϡৃҹ __________
䎥˛(students: ϡৃҹʽ)
ᯢ໽ᮽϞ 9:50 ៥‫ץ‬ህ __________ ᥦ䱞(line up)⑪‫٭‬এ໻⾂ූ(auditorium)DŽ៥ⶹ䘧Դ‫ץ‬䛑ᕜ
㟜གˈৃᰃˈৃҹ __________ 䁾䁅஢˛(students: ϡৃҹʽ) ࠄњ໻⾂ූതϟ՚ˈ
㽕 __________ 㙑 Mr. Will 䁾䁅DŽབᵰ㙑ࠄϔञԴ䳔㽕এᒕ᠔ˈ䂟Դ __________
ਞ䀈៥ˈ✊ᕠᖿএᖿಲDŽ㌤ᴳҹᕠˈᥦད䱞᜶᜶ഄ䍄ಲᬭᅸˈৃϡৃҹ __________
䎥˛(students: ϡৃҹʽ)
Míngtiān zǎoshang 9:50 wǒmen jiù __________ páiduì(line up) zhǔnbèi qù
dà lǐtáng (auditorium). Wǒ zhīdào nǐmen dōu hěn xīngfèn, kěshì, kěyǐ __________
shuō huà ma? (students: Bù kěyǐ!) Dào le dà lǐtáng zuò xialái, yào __________
tīng Mr. Will shuō huà. Rúguǒ tīngdào yībàn nǐ xūyào qù cèsui, qǐng nǐ
__________ gàosu wǒ, ránhòu kuài qù kuài huí. Jiéshù yǐhòu, páihǎo duì
mànmànde zǒu huí jiàoshì, kě bù kěyǐ __________ pǎo? (students: Bù kěyǐ!)

110
32
Indicating result, conclusion,
potential, and extent
1 Insert the right resultative verb ending to complete the meaning of each sentence.
a. ៥ৗ ________ њDŽ e. ៥ᡒ ________ њDŽ
Wǒ chī ________ le. Wǒ zhǎo ________ le.
I’m full. I’ve found it.
b. ៥ৗ ________ њDŽ f. ៥䆄 ________ њDŽ
៥㿬 ________ њDŽ
Wǒ chī ________ le. Wǒ jì ________ le.
I ate enough. I’ve memorized it.
c. ៥ৗ ________ њDŽ g. ៥ⳟ ________ њDŽ
Wǒ chī ________ le. Wǒ kàn ________ le.
I’ve finished eating. I saw it.
d. ៥ᡒ ________ њDŽ h. ៥ⳟ ________ њDŽ
Wǒ zhǎo ________ le. Wǒ kàn ________ le.
I’ve finished looking. I read it wrong.
➪ 18.3, 32.1.1
2 Translate these sentences into Mandarin, selecting the appropriate form of the
parenthesized resultative verb.
a. I learned the lesson. [ᄺӮ/ᅌ᳗ xuéhuì or ᄺᕫӮ/ᅌᕫ᳗ xuédehuì]
b. I can’t memorize these characters. [≵䆄ԣ/≦㿬ԣ méi jìzhu or
䆄ϡԣ/㿬ϡԣ jìbuzhù]
c. I didn’t hear the sound. [≵਀㾕/≦㙑㽟 méi tīngjian or ਀ϡ㾕/㙑ϡ㽟 tīngbujiàn]
d. I was unable to buy the book. [≵фࠄ/≦䊋ࠄ méi mǎidào or
фϡࠄ/䊋ϡࠄ mǎibùdào]
e. I bought the dictionary. [фࠄњ/䊋ࠄњ mǎidào le or фᕫࠄ/䊋ᕫࠄ mǎidedào]
f. I am able to understand Chinese (by listening). [਀ពњ/㙑ពњ tīngdǒng le or
਀ᕫព/㙑ᕫព tīngdedǒng]
g. I didn’t understand (by listening). [≵਀ព/≦㙑ព méi tīngdǒng or
਀ϡព/㙑ϡព tīngbudǒng]

111 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-34

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

h. I can’t finish eating (this food). [≵ৗᅠ méi chīwán or ৗϡᅠ chībùwán]
➪ 32.1, 32.2, 32.3
3 Translate these sentences into Mandarin using the parenthesized verb with the
appropriate resultative ending.
a. I bought the wrong book. [ф/䊋 mǎi]
b. Can you see the subway station? [ഄ䨉キ dìtiě zhàn] [ⳟ kàn]
c. Have you bought that book? [ф/䊋 mǎi]
d. I have bought it. [ф/䊋 mǎi]
e. Have you finished reading it? [ⳟ kàn]
f. No. I haven’t finished reading it. [ⳟ kàn]
g. Do you understand it (by reading it)? [ⳟ kàn]
h. Yes (I understand it by reading it.) [ⳟ kàn]
➪ 32.1.1, 32.1.2
4 These sentences all involve the potential suffix ᕫњ deliǎo or ϡњ buliǎo.
Translate them into English.
a. ϟ䲾њˈ៥Ӏ䍄ϡњњDŽ
ϟ䲾њˈ៥‫ץ‬䍄ϡњњDŽ
Xià xuě le, wǒmen zuòbuliǎo le.
b. ៥ⱘ䔺ണњˈᓔϡњњDŽ
៥ⱘ䒞າњˈ䭟ϡњњDŽ
Wǒ de chē huài le, kāibuliǎo le.
c. 䖭М໮佁ˈԴৗᕫњ৫˛
䗭咑໮仃ˈԴৗᕫњ஢˛
Zhème duō fàn, nǐ chīdeliǎo ma?
d. Ҫ䇈Ҫⱘ᠟ᕜ⮐ˈ‫ݭ‬ϡњᄫDŽ
Ҫ䁾Ҫⱘ᠟ᕜ⮐ˈᆿϡњᄫDŽ
Tā shuō tā de shǒu hěn téng, xiěbùliǎo zì.
e. Դⱘ㢅䛑‫⅏ޏ‬њˈ⌏ϡњњDŽ[㢅 huā flower, ‫ޏ‬/‫ ޡ‬dòng to freeze]
Դⱘ㢅䛑‫⅏ޡ‬њˈ⌏ϡњњDŽ
Nǐ de huā dōu dòngsǐle, huóbuliǎo le.
f. Դᯢ໽ᴹᕫњ৫˛
Դᯢ໽՚ᕫњ஢˛
Nǐ míngtiān láideliǎo ma?
g. ਀៥ⱘˈϔᅮ䫭ϡњDŽ
㙑៥ⱘˈϔᅮ䤃ϡњDŽ
Tīng wǒ de, yīdìng cuòbuliǎo.

112
Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

h. ៥Ҟ໽᳝џˈখࡴϡњԴӀⱘᰮӮDŽ
៥Ҟ໽᳝џˈগࡴϡњԴ‫ⱘץ‬ᰮ᳗DŽ
Wǒ jīntiān yǒu shì, cānjiābuliǎo nǐmen de wǎnhuì.
➪ 18.6.2, 32.4
5 Select the correct resultative or potential expression to match the English
meanings.
a. Ҫ ________ ໻ᄺDŽ>㗗ϡњ̢㗗ϡϞ@
Ҫ ________ ໻ᅌDŽ>㗗ϡњ̢㗗ϡϞ@
Tā ________ dàxué. [kǎobùliǎo – kǎobushàng]
He can’t pass the university entrance exam.
b. ៥ ________ ᮄ䔺DŽ>фϡњ̢фϡ䍋@
៥ ________ ᮄ䒞DŽ>䊋ϡњ̢䊋ϡ䍋@
Wǒ ________ xīnchē. [mǎibuliǎo – mǎibuqǐ]
I can’t afford to buy a new car.
c. ៥ ________ ԴDŽ>ᖬϡњ̢ᖬϡᥝ@
Wǒ ________ nǐ. [wàngbuliǎo – wàngbudiào]
I can never forget you.
d. ៥Ӏ ________ ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ>ᴹϡњ̢ᴹϡঞ@
៥‫ⳟ ________ ץ‬䳏ᕅDŽ>՚ϡњ̢՚ϡঞ@
Wǒmen ________ kàn diànyǐng. [láibuliǎo – láibují]
We won’t be in time to see the movie.
e. ҪᏆ㒣ᡞ԰Ϯ ________ њDŽ>‫خ‬ᕫᅠ̢‫خ‬ᅠ@
ҪᏆ㍧ᡞ԰ὁ ________ њDŽ>‫خ‬ᕫᅠ̢‫خ‬ᅠ@
Tā yǐjing bǎ zuòyè ________ le. [zuòdewán – zuòwán]
He already finished his homework.
f. ៥ ________ 䙷⾡џDŽ>‫خ‬ϡњ̢‫خ‬ϡࠄ@
៥ ________ 䙷。џDŽ>‫خ‬ϡњ̢‫خ‬ϡࠄ@
Wǒ ________ nà zhing shì. [zuòbuliǎo – zuòbudào]
I can’t do that kind of work.
g. ᱂䗮ⱘҎ ________DŽ>䖯ϡњ̢䖯ϡএ@
᱂䗮ⱘҎ ________DŽ>䘆ϡњ̢䘆ϡএ@
Pǔtōng de rén ________. [jìnbuliǎo – jìnbuqù]
Ordinary people can’t go in.
h. Դϡᑨ䆹 ________ Դⱘ⠊↡DŽ>ᇍᕫ䍋 ̢ ᇍϡ䍋@
Դϡឝ䁆 ________ Դⱘ⠊↡DŽ>ᇡᕫ䍋 ̢ ᇡϡ䍋@
Nǐ bù yīnggāi ________ nǐ de fùmǔ. [duìdeqǐ – duìbuqǐ]
You must not embarrass (show disrespect for) your parents.
➪ 32.2, 32.4

113
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

6 Use a resultative verb to complete each of the following sentences to express the
English meanings.
Example: ҪᗢМৗ г - ҪᗢМৗгৗϡ佅DŽ
Ҫᗢ咑ৗ г Ҫᗢ咑ৗгৗϡ仑DŽ
Tā zěnme chī (yě) Tā zěnme chī yě chī bùbǎo.
No matter how much he eats he can’t get full.
a. ៥ᗢМৗ г
៥ᗢ咑ৗ г
Wǒ zěnme chī (yě)
No matter how much I eat I can’t finish.
b. ҪᗢМᄺ г
Ҫᗢ咑ᅌ г
Tā zěnme xué (yě)
No matter how much he studies he can’t master (it).
c. ៥ᗢМⳟ г
៥ᗢ咑ⳟ г
Wǒ zěnme kàn (yě)
No matter how I read (it) I can’t understand (it).
d. ҪᗢМ‫ خ‬г
Ҫᗢ咑‫ خ‬г
Tā zěnme zuò (yě)
No matter how he does (it) he does it wrong.
e. ៥ᗢМ‫ خ‬г
៥ᗢ咑‫ خ‬г
Wǒ zěnme zuò (yě)
No matter how I try to do (it) I can’t do it.
f. ៥ᗢМᡒ г
៥ᗢ咑ᡒ г
Wǒ zěnme zhǎo (yě)
No matter how (much) I look I can’t find (it).
➪ 32.2.2.1
7 Complete these sentences in Mandarin to match the English meaning, using the
phrases provided to express the result or extent of the situation.
Example: He was so tired that he could not lift his head.
[ᢀϡ䍋༈ᴹњ/ᢀϡ䍋丁՚њ táibuqǐtóu lái]
-
Ҫ㌃ᕫᢀϡ䍋༈ᴹњDŽ
Ҫ㌃ᕫᢀϡ䍋丁՚њDŽ
Tā lèi de táibuqǐtóu lái le.
114
Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

a. He was so happy that he began to sing.

[ଅ䍋℠‫ܓ‬ᴹ/ଅ䍋℠‫ܦ‬՚ chàng qǐ gēr lái]
b. I was so tired that I slept for two days.
[ⴵњϸ໽/ⴵњܽ໽ shuì le liǎng tiān]
c. They were so busy that they forgot to eat.
[ᡞৗ佁䛑ᖬњ/ᡞৗ仃䛑ᖬњ bǎ chī fàn dōu wàng le]
d. He was so hungry that he ate all of the dumplings.
[ᡞ低ᄤ䛑ৗᅠњ/ᡞ仗ᄤ䛑ৗᅠњ bǎ jiǎozi dōu chīwán le]
e. He sang so much that his throat was sore.
[஧ᄤ䛑⮐њ sǎngzi dōu téng le]
f. We walked so much that our legs got swollen.
[㝓䛑㚓њ/㝓䛑㜿њ tuǐ dōu zhǒng le]
g. I ate so much that I couldn’t walk.
[䍄ϡࡼњ/䍄ϡࢩњ zǒubudòng le]
h. The book was so interesting that I couldn’t put it down.
[៥ㅔⳈᬒϡϟ/៥ㇵⳈᬒϡϟ wǒ jiǎnzhí fàngbuxià]
➪ 32.6
8 ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng is studying hard for college entrance exams. He is explaining
his progress to his parents. Express this in Mandarin.
a. I’ve already finished studying math.
b. I have not finished studying chemistry.
c. No matter how hard I study, I can’t memorize all of the chemistry formulas.
[䆄ԣ/㿬ԣ jìzhù memorize, ݀ᓣ gōngshì formula]
d. I can’t understand the English poems (by reading).
e. I have learned (studied and mastered) all of the English vocabulary.
[䆡∛/䀲ᔭ cíhuì vocabulary]
f. I am so nervous that I can’t sleep and I can’t eat.
g. No matter how I try to sleep I can’t fall asleep.
h. I am so tired that I can’t study anymore.
➪ 32.1–32.6

9 Mrs. Peng is telling the nanny what needs to be done while they are away. Read
the following paragraph and provide the relevant information in
English.

៥ӀಲᴹҹࠡϝϾᇣᄽ䛑ᕫ‫خ‬ᅠࡳ䇒ǃ⋫ད╵DŽ㗕໻‫ݭ‬њकϾ⊩᭛হᄤˈԴⳟ
ϔϟˈ‫ݭ‬䫭ⱘഄᮍ䅽ཌྷ䞡‫ݭ‬DŽ㗕Ѡ䇈ཌྷᡒϡࠄཌྷⱘᄫ‫݌‬DŽ䇋ԴᐂཌྷᡒᡒⳟDŽᡒϡࠄ
ⱘ䆱ᐂཌྷϞ㔥фϔᴀDŽ៥❂њϔ䫙∸DŽབᵰ≵᳝ୱᅠ㽕ᬒ䖯‫ބ‬ㆅ䞠DŽৗᅠᰮ佁ᠡ
ৃҹⳟ⬉㾚DŽ㗕ϝҞ໽こⱘ䙷ӊϞ㸷ᓘ㛣њˈԴ㛑ϡ㛑ᐂཌྷ⫼∈⋫ϔϟDŽ⋫ϡᑆ‫ޔ‬

115
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

ⱘ䆱ህ϶䖯⋫㸷ᴎ䞠DŽ៥Ӏ໻㑺क⚍ࠄᆊDŽབᵰ᳝џህ㒭៥ᠧ⬉䆱ˈ㽕ᰃ៥≵਀ࠄ
Դህ⬭㿔৻DŽ䇶䇶ԴDŽ

៥‫ץ‬ಲ՚ҹࠡϝ‫ן‬ᇣᄽ䛑ᕫ‫خ‬ᅠࡳ䂆ǃ⋫ད╵DŽ㗕໻ᆿњक‫⊩ן‬᭛হᄤˈԴⳟ
ϔϟˈᆿ䤃ⱘഄᮍ䅧ཌྷ䞡ᆿDŽ㗕Ѡ䁾ཌྷᡒϡࠄཌྷⱘᄫ‫݌‬DŽ䂟ԴᐿཌྷᡒᡒⳟDŽᡒϡࠄ
ⱘ䁅ᐿཌྷϞ㎆䊋ϔᴀDŽ៥❂њϔ䤟⑃DŽབᵰ≦᳝ୱᅠ㽕ᬒ䘆‫ބ‬ㆅ䞠DŽৗᅠᰮ仃ᠡ
ৃҹⳟ䳏㽪DŽ㗕ϝҞ໽こⱘ䙷ӊϞ㸷ᓘ㞳њˈԴ㛑ϡ㛑ᐿཌྷ⫼∈⋫ϔϟDŽ⋫ϡђ⎼
ⱘ䁅ህϳ䘆⋫㸷″䞠DŽ៥‫ץ‬໻㋘क咲ࠄᆊDŽབᵰ᳝џህ㌺៥ᠧ䳏䁅ˈ㽕ᰃ៥≦㙑ࠄ
Դህ⬭㿔৻DŽ䃱䃱ԴDŽ
Wǒmen huí lai yǐqián sān gè xiǎohái dōu děi zuòwán gōngkè, xǐhǎo zǎo.
Lǎo dà xiěle shí gè Fǎwén jùzi, nǐ kàn yīxià, xiěcuò de dìfang ràng tā chóng
xiě. Lǎo’èr shuō tā zhǎobudào tā de zìdiǎn. Qǐng nǐ bāng tā zhǎozhǎo kàn.
Zhǎobudào de huà bāng tā shàng wǎng mǎi yī běn. Wǒ zhǔ le yī guō tāng.
Rúguǒ méi yǒu hē wán yào fàng jìn bīngxiāng lǐ. Chīwán wǎnfàn cái kěyǐ
kàn diànshì. Lǎo sān jīntiān chuān de nà jiàn shàngyī nòngzāng le, nǐ néng
bù néng bāng tā yòng shuǐ xǐ yīxià? Xǐ bù gānjìng de huà jiù diū jìn xǐyījī lǐ.
Wǒmen dàyuē shídiǎn dào jiā. Rúguǒ yǒu shì jiù gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà, yàoshi
wǒ méi tīngdào nǐ jiù liúyán ba. Xièxie nǐ.
Things the children need to do before Mr. and Mrs. Peng come back tonight:
a.
b.
c.
Things that the nanny needs to take care of:
d. 10 French sentences:
e. Dictionary:
f. T-shirt:
g. Soup:
h. Phone call:

116
33
Making comparisons
1 Compare ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng and ਼߽ Zhōu Lì in complete Mandarin sentences
using ↨ bǐ, ≵/≦᳝ méi yǒu, or 䎳 ੠ Ăϔῷ/ϔῷ gēn (hé) . . . yīyàng as
appropriate.
Example: equally hardworking - ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔḋ⫼ࡳDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔῷ⫼ࡳDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn zhōulì yīyàng
yònggōng.
⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng ਼߽ Zhōu Lì
a. equally tall (the
same height)
b. smarter
[㘾ᯢ/㙄ᯢ cōngming]
c. not as fast
d. more handsome
[Ꮩ/ᏹ shuài]
e. not as hardworking
[⫼ࡳ yònggōng]
f. equally interesting
[᳝ᛣᗱ yǒu yìsī]
g. lazier
[ឦ/៊ lǎn]
h. not as friendly
[੠⇨/੠⇷ héqi]
i. thinner
[⯺ shòu]
j. equally happy
➪ 33.1.1, 33.3.4, 33.3.6

117 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-35

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

2 Ask the following yes–no questions about ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng and ਼߽ Zhōu Lì in
Mandarin.
a. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally smart?
b. Is Zhou Li taller than Wang Ming?
c. Is Wang Ming lazier than Zhou Li?
d. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally interesting?
e. Is Wang Ming in fact better looking than Zhou Li? (use ᰃϡᰃ shì bù shì)
➪ 28.1, 33.1.6
3 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng outperforms
਼߽ Zhōu Lì in each of the following actions. Include the object of the
comparison in your sentences.
Example: takes tests – better - ⥟ᯢ㗗䆩㗗ᕫ↨਼߽དDŽ
⥟ᯢ㗗䀺㗗ᕫ↨਼߽དDŽ
Wáng Míng kǎo shì kǎo de bǐ Zhōu Lì hǎo.
a. sings songs – better [ଅ℠ chàng gē]
b. writes Chinese – better
c. works – faster [‫خ‬џ zuò shì]
d. cooks food – better [‫خ‬㦰 zuò cài]
e. speaks English – better
f. dances – better [䏇㟲 tiào wǔ]
g. studies – more
h. reads books – more
i. watches more movies
j. plays ball – better [ᠧ⧗ dǎ qiú]

➪ 33.1.1.6
4 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that ਼߽ Zhōu Lì is not as good as
⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng in performing each of the actions listed in (3) above.
Include the object of the comparison in your sentences.
Example: taking tests - ਼߽㗗䆩㗗ᕫ≵᳝⥟ᯢདDŽ
਼߽㗗䀺㗗ᕫ≦᳝⥟ᯢདDŽ
Zhōu Lì kǎo shì kǎo de méi yǒu Wáng Míng hǎo.
➪ 33.2.1.2
5 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng and ਼߽ Zhōu Lì are
identical in their performance of the actions listed in (3). Include the object of
the comparison in your sentences. For (5) say that they study equally well.
Example: taking tests - ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽㗗䆩㗗ᕫϔḋདDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽㗗䀺㗗ᕫϔῷདDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì kǎo shì kǎo de yīyàng
hǎo.
➪ 33.3.6
118
Making comparisons

6 Translate the following into English.

a. ਼߽↨⥟ᯢ໻ϸቕDŽ
਼߽↨⥟ᯢ໻ܽⅆDŽ
Zhōu Lì bǐ Wáng Míng dà liǎng suì.
b. ਼߽ⱘ䔺↨⥟ᯢⱘ䔺䌉Ѩगഫ䪅DŽ
਼߽ⱘ䒞↨⥟ᯢⱘ䒞䊈Ѩगพ䣶DŽ
Zhōu Lì de chē bǐ Wáng Míng de chē guì wǔ qiān kuài qián.
c. ਼߽ⱘ䔺↨⥟ᯢⱘ䔺໻ϔ⚍DŽ
਼߽ⱘ䒞↨⥟ᯢⱘ䒞໻ϔ咲DŽ
Zhōu Lì de chē bǐ Wáng Míng de chē dà yīdiǎn.
d. ᵫӳᄺⱘ䔺᳈໻DŽ
ᵫ‫؝‬ᅌⱘ䒞᳈໻DŽ
Lín Wěixué de chē gèng dà.
e. 䖭ᴀк↨䙷ᴀк䌉ᕫ໮DŽ
䗭ᴀ᳌↨䙷ᴀ᳌䊈ᕫ໮DŽ
Zhè běn shū bǐ nà běn shū guì de duō.
f. ਼߽ৗ佁ৗᕫ↨⥟ᯢ໮ᕫ໮DŽ
਼߽ৗ仃ৗᕫ↨⥟ᯢ໮ᕫ໮DŽ
Zhōu Lì chī fàn chī de bǐ Wáng Míng duō de duō.
g. ᵫӳᄺৗ佁ৗᕫ᳔໮DŽ
ᵫ‫؝‬ᅌৗ仃ৗᕫ᳔໮DŽ
Lín Wěixué chī fàn chī de zuì duō.
h. ⥟ᯢ‫∝ݭ‬ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᕫ≵਼᳝߽䙷Мⓖ҂DŽ
⥟ᯢᆿ⓶ᄫᆿᕫ≦਼᳝߽䙷咑ⓖ҂DŽ
Wáng Míng xiě Hàn zì xiě de méi yǒu Zhōu Lì nàme piàoliang.
i. ⥟ᯢ≵਼᳝߽䙷М୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
⥟ᯢ≦਼᳝߽䙷咑୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wáng Míng méi yǒu Zhōu Lì nàme xǐhuān kàn diànyǐng.
➪ 33.1.1.1, 33.1.1.2, 33.1.1.3, 33.2.1.1, 33.2.1.2, 33.3.5, 33.5, 33.6
7 Put these Mandarin phrases in the correct order to match the English
translations.
a. ਼߽ⱘ㭾∈ϔ‫ס‬໮↨⥟ᯢⱘ㭾∈DŽ
Zhōu Lì de xīnshui yī bèi duō bǐ Wáng Míng de xīnshui.
Zhou Li’s salary is twice as much as Wang Ming’s salary.
b. ↨਼߽ⱘ᳟টᕫ⥟ᯢⱘ᳟ট໮໮DŽ
bǐ Zhōu Lì de péngyou de Wáng Míng de péng you duō duō.
Zhou Li has a lot more friends than Wang Ming.

119
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

c. ਼߽催ϔ⚍↨⥟ᯢDŽ
਼߽催ϔ咲↨⥟ᯢDŽ
Zhōu Lì gāo yīdiǎn bǐ Wáng Míng.
Zhou Li is a little taller than Wang Ming.
d. ᵫӳᄺ᳈催↨਼߽DŽ
ᵫ‫؝‬ᅌ᳈催↨਼߽DŽ
Lín Wěixué gèng gāo bǐ Zhōu Lì.
Lin Weixue is even taller than Zhou Li.
e. ⥟ᯢ‫ݭ‬ᕫ᳔‫∝ݭ‬ᄫⓖ҂DŽ
⥟ᯢᆿᕫ᳔ᆿ⓶ᄫⓖ҂DŽ
Wáng Míng xiě de zuì xiě Hàn zì piàoliang.
Wang Ming writes Chinese characters the prettiest (of everyone).
➪ 33.1.1.1, 33.1.1.2, 33.1.1.3, 33.2.1.1, 33.2.1.2, 33.3.5, 33.6
8 Translate these sentences into Mandarin. The Mandarin translations of
underlined words are provided in brackets.
a. My younger brother works a lot faster than I. [‫خ‬џ zuò shì]
b. My younger brother eats a lot more food than I do.
c. My younger brother doesn’t earn as much money as I do. [䌮䪅/䋎䣶
zhuàn qián]
d. I earn a lot more money than him.
e. I am eleven years older than my younger brother.
f. This movie is not as interesting as that movie. [᳝ᛣᗱ yǒu yìsī]
g. I like that movie the most.
h. This book is twice as expensive as that book.
➪ 6.6.5, 33.1.1.1, 33.1.1.2, 33.1.1.3, 33.2.1.1, 33.2.1.2, 33.3.3.5, 33.5, 33.6
9 Translate these sentences with ϡབ bùrú, ↨䕗/↨䓗 bǐjiào, and Ⳍᔧ/Ⳍ⭊
xiāngdāng into English.
a. 䖭䇒ⱘ⫳䆡Ⳍᔧ໮DŽ
䗭䂆ⱘ⫳䀲Ⳍ⭊໮DŽ
Zhè kè de shēngcí xiāngdāng duō.
b. 䖭Ͼᄺᳳ៥䗝ⱘ䇒䛑↨䕗ᆍᯧDŽ
䗭‫ן‬ᅌᳳ៥䙌ⱘ䂆䛑↨䓗ᆍᯧDŽ
Zhège xuéqī wǒ xuǎn de kè dōu bǐjiào róng yì.
c. ᄺ᮹᭛ϡབᄺЁ᭛DŽ
ᅌ᮹᭛ϡབᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Xué Rìwén bùrú xué Zhōngwén.

120
Making comparisons

d. 䖭⾡ᄫ‫↨݌‬䕗䲒фDŽ
䗭。ᄫ‫↨݌‬䓗䲷䊋DŽ
Zhè zhǒng zìdiǎn bǐjiào nán mǎi.
e. Ҫ㾝ᕫ᠔᳝ⱘҎ䛑ϡབҪDŽ
Ҫ㾎ᕫ᠔᳝ⱘҎ䛑ϡབҪDŽ
Tā juédé suǒyǒu de rén dōu bùrú tā.
f. 䙷Ͼᄺ⫳ᄺᕫⳌᔧࡾ࡯DŽ
䙷‫ן‬ᅌ⫳ᅌᕫⳌ⭊ࡾ࡯DŽ
Nàge xuéshēng xué de xiāngdāng nǔlì.
➪ 33.2.2, 33.7

10 You are planning to buy a house in China and are asking a Chinese friend for
advice. Express this conversation in Mandarin.
Words you may need: ජ໪ chéngwài ‘outside the city’; ජ‫ ݙ‬chéngnèi ‘inside
the city’; ᳱफ cháonán ‘face south’
a. Ask your friend how much houses sell for in China.
b. Your friend tells you the following:
(i) Houses outside the city are less expensive than houses inside the city.
(ii) Houses outside the city are also a lot bigger than houses in the city.
(iii) However, living outside the city is not as convenient as living inside
the city.
c. Ask your friend, if you buy a house in the city, what kind of house is the
cheapest.
d. Your friend tells you the following:
(i) A house that faces south is more expensive than a house that faces north.
(ii) A house that faces east is a little cheaper than a house that faces west.
➪ 33.1, 33.2, 43.3, 50.2

11 㕢བ Měirú and 㕢㢌 Měiyún are sisters. Compare them by completing each

sentence based on the following information.

Age Height Driving record Grades Parent–child

resemblance

㕢བ Měirú 20 5’5” perfect B+ average looks like mom

㕢㢌 Měiyún 17 5’5” speeding tickets straight A’s looks like dad

a. ________ ᰃྤྤˈ________ ᰃྍྍDŽྤྤ↨ྍྍ໻ ________DŽ

________ shì jiějie, ________ shì mèimei. Jiějie bǐ mèimei dà ________.
b. _______________________________________________________________ 催DŽ
_______________________________________________________________ 催DŽ
_______________________________________________________________ gāo.

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SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

c. 㕢བᓔ䔺 ______________________________________________________DŽ
㕢བ䭟䒞 ______________________________________________________DŽ
Měirú kāi chē __________________________________________________.
d. 㕢བⱘ៤㒽 ____________________________________________________DŽ
㕢བⱘ៤㐒 ____________________________________________________DŽ
Měirú de chéngjì ______________________________________________.
e. 㕢㢌ϡ‫ˈ________ ڣ‬䎳⠌⠌ ________DŽ
Měiyún bù xiàng ________, gēn bàba ________.
➪ 33.1, 33.2, 33.3, 33.4.4

12 Do you have any siblings? If so, use the above as your inspiration and write a short
passage comparing you and your sibling. If you don’t have a sibling, write about
you and your cousin, best friend, etc.

122
34
Talking about the present
1 In complete Mandarin sentences describe what ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng is doing
at each of the times indicated below. Use the time expressions provided in your
sentences. Translate your sentences into English.
Example: today –
фϰ㽓 - ⥟ᯢҞ໽фϰ㽓DŽ
䊋ᵅ㽓 ⥟ᯢҞ໽䊋ᵅ㽓DŽ
mǎi dōngxi Wáng Míng jīntiān mǎi dōngxi.
Wang Ming is shopping today.
a. this year – ᄺЁ᭛/ᅌЁ᭛ xué Zhōngwén
b. this month – ᬒ‫ ؛‬fàng jià
c. this week – ೼ᛣ໻߽ᮙ㸠 zài Yìdàlì lǚxíng
d. now – 䎳᳟টৗ佁/䎳᳟টৗ仃 gēn péngyou chī fàn
e. now – ⋫╵ xǐ zǎo
➪ 34.1
2 What are the following people doing now? Describe their activities in complete
Mandarin sentences using ೼ zài or ℷ೼ zhèngzài.
Example: 催㭒 Gāo Lěi – sleeping - 催㭒೼ⴵ㾝DŽ
催㭒೼ⴵ㾎DŽ
Gāo Lěi zài shuì jiào.
a. ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng – watching television
b. ਼߽ Zhōu Lì – singing
c. ᵫӳᄺ/ᵫ‫؝‬ᅌ Lín Wěixué – playing ball
d. ૤⥿⦆ Táng Méilíng – writing a letter
➪ 17.2, 34.2
3 Translate the following into English.
a. 䮼໪༈キⴔϔϾҎDŽ
䭔໪丁キ㨫ϔ‫ן‬ҎDŽ
Mén wàitou zhànzhe yī gè rén.

123 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-36

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b. ḠᄤϞᬒⴔᕜ໮кDŽ
ḠᄤϞᬒ㨫ᕜ໮᳌DŽ
Zhuōzi shàng fàngzhe hěn duō shū.
c. ᄽᄤ೼ᑞϞ䒎ⴔDŽ
ᄽᄤ೼ᑞϞ䒎㨫DŽ
Háizi zài chuángshàng tǎngzhe.
d. ए䰶䞠ㄝⴔᕜ໮⮙ҎDŽ
䝿䰶㺣ㄝ㨫ᕜ໮⮙ҎDŽ
Yīyuàn lǐ děngzhe hěn duō bìngrén.
e. ᬭᅸ䞠തⴔᕜ໮ᄺ⫳DŽ
ᬭᅸ㺣ത㨫ᕜ໮ᅌ⫳DŽ
Jiàoshì lǐ zuòzhe hěn duō xuésheng.
➪ 17.2, 34.4
4 Translate the following sentences into Mandarin to describe ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng’s
activities and to indicate that the activities continue in the present time.
a. Wang Ming has already eaten thirty dumplings. [低ᄤ/仗ᄤ jiǎozi]
b. Wang Ming has already walked five miles.
c. Wang Ming has already studied one hundred Chinese characters.
d. Wang Ming has already sung three songs.
e. Wang Ming has already slept for ten hours.
➪ 34.7
5 You are a Chinese student writing to a university abroad to apply for admission
to their doctoral program in economics. You have written the first draft in
Mandarin. Translate it into English.
a. ៥ᰃ໻ᄺಯᑈ㑻ⱘᄺ⫳DŽ
៥ᰃ໻ᅌಯᑈ㋮ⱘᅌ⫳DŽ
Wǒ shì dàxué sì niánjí de xuésheng.
b. ៥⦄೼೼‫↩ݭ‬Ϯ䆎᭛ˈᰃ᳝݇⦄ҷЁ೑㒣⌢⦃๗ⱘDŽ
៥⧒೼೼ᆿ⬶ὁ䂪᭛ˈᰃ᳝䮰⧒ҷЁ೟㍧△⪄๗ⱘDŽ
Wǒ xiànzài zài xiě bìyè lùnwén, shì yǒuguān xiàndài Zhōngguó jīngjì
huánjìng de.
c. ៥೼⬇䇋䇏䌉᷵ⱘ㒣⌢ᄺ㋏ⱘⷨお⫳DŽ
៥೼⬇䂟䅔䊈᷵ⱘ㍧△ᅌ㋏ⱘⷨお⫳DŽ
Wǒ zài shēnqǐng dú guì xiào de jīngjìxué xì de yánjiūshēng.
d. ៥ᇍ㒣⌢⡍߿ᛳ݈䍷ˈᏠᳯ㛑䇏म຿ᄺԡDŽ
៥ᇡ㍧△⡍߹ᛳ㟜䍷ˈᏠᳯ㛑䅔म຿ᅌԡDŽ
Wǒ duì jīngjì tèbié gǎn xìngqu, xīwàng néng dú bóshì xuéwèi.

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e. Ⳃࠡ៥ℷ೼Ў៥ⱘ䆎᭛‫خ‬Ꮦഎ䇗ᶹDŽ
Ⳃࠡ៥ℷ೼⠆៥ⱘ䂪᭛‫خ‬Ꮦจ䂓ᶹDŽ
Mùqián wǒ zhèngzài wèi wǒ de lùnwén zuò shìchǎng diàochá.
f. ৠᯊ៥䖬೼‫ޚ‬໛ᠬ⽣㗗䆩DŽ
ৠᰖ៥䙘೼⑪‫٭‬ᠬ⽣㗗䀺DŽ
Tóngshí wǒ hái zài zhǔnbèi tuōfú kǎoshì. [ᠬ⽣ tuōfú the Test of English
as a Foreign Language]
g. ݊Ҫ៤ࡳ⬇䇋㗙ᑨ‫݋‬໛ાѯᴵӊ䇋ਞⶹDŽ
݊Ҫ៤ࡳ⬇䂟㗙ឝ‫٭݋‬ાѯṱӊ䂟ਞⶹDŽ
Qítā chénggōng shēnqǐng zhě yīng jùbèi nǎ xiē tiáojiàn qǐng gàozhī.
h. ঺໪ˈ᳝݇໪೑ᄺ⫳ⱘ㒣⌢䌘ࡽㄝџᅰѺ䇋ਞⶹDŽ [џᅰ shìyí matters
concerned with]
঺໪ˈ᳝䮰໪೟ᅌ⫳ⱘ㍧△䊛ࡽㄝџᅰѺ䂟ਞⶹDŽ
Lìngwài, yǒu guān wàiguó xuésheng de jīngjì zīzhù děng shìyí
yì qǐng gàozhī.
➪ 9.2, 34
6 You are hosting an open house for a new art gallery in Chinatown. Below is
a list of special guests who will be present tonight. Prepare to introduce them in
Mandarin.
a. Mr. Zhìmíng Liào ᒪᖫᯢ:
• has lived in New York [㒑㑺 Niǔyuē] for 30 years.
• is himself a famous artist [⬏ᆊ/⬿ᆊ huàjiā]
• is now the owner of three galleries [⬏ᒞ/⬿ᒞ huàláng] in New York.
b. Professor Richard Yamaguchi:
• has been teaching Chinese literature [᭛ᄺ/᭛ᅌ wénxué] for over 20 years.
• currently teaches at NYU [㒑㑺໻ᄺ/㋤㋘໻ᅌ Niǔyuē Dàxué].
• has written five books on Chinese art and literature and is currently
working on his sixth book.
c. Ms. Catherine Simon:
• has been studying Chinese for over seven years.
• is studying art history [㡎ᴃ৆/㮱㸧৆ yìshù shǐ] at NYU right now.

125
35
Talking about habitual
actions
1 Rewrite the Mandarin sentences, adding the adverb that is provided in
parentheses after each English translation.
Example: ཌྷ೼䙷Ͼ佁佚ৗ佁DŽ - ཌྷᑇᐌ೼䙷Ͼ佁佚ৗ佁DŽ
ཌྷ೼䙷‫ן‬仃仼ৗ仃DŽ ཌྷᑇᐌ೼䙷‫ן‬仃仼ৗ仃DŽ
Tā zài nàge fànguǎn Tā píngcháng zài nàge fànguǎn
chī fàn. chī fàn.
She eats at that restaurant. (often)
a. ៥ᮽϞ䎥ℹDŽ
Wǒ zǎoshang pǎo bù.
I jog in the morning. (often)
b. ҪӀৗЁ೑佁DŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Tāmen chī Zhōngguó fàn.
They eat Chinese food. (often)
c. ៥ϗ⚍䩳ৗᰮ佁DŽ
៥ϗ咲䧬ৗᰮ仃DŽ
Wǒ qīdiǎn zhōng chī wǎnfàn.
I eat dinner at 7 p.m. (usually)
d. ៥Ӏএ⊩೑ᮙ㸠DŽ
៥‫ץ‬এ⊩೟ᮙ㸠DŽ
Wǒmen qù Fǎguó lǚxíng.
In the past we used to go to France for vacation. (always)
e. ៥ᮽϞୱ੪ଵDŽ
Wǒ zǎoshang hē kāfēi.
I drink coffee in the morning. (always)
f. ៥Ӏϟ⧁ҹৢᠧ㔥⧗DŽ
៥‫ץ‬ϟ⧁ҹᕠᠧ㎆⧗DŽ
Wǒmen xià bān yǐhòu dǎ wǎngqiú.
We play tennis after work. (often)
126 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-37
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g. Դ೼䙷Ͼ佁佚ৗ佁৫˛
Դ೼䙷‫ן‬仃仼ৗ仃஢˛
Nǐ zài nàge fànguǎn chī fàn ma?
Do you eat at that restaurant? (frequently)
h. ៥ⳟ䙷Ͼ⬉㾚㡖ⳂDŽ
៥ⳟ䙷‫ן‬䳏㽪㆔ⳂDŽ
Wǒ kàn nàge diànshì jiémù.
I watch that television program. (regularly)
i. ៥ᰮϞ䘯⢫DŽ
Wǒ wǎnshang liù gǒu.
I walk my dog at night. (always)
j. ៥ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥ⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ kàn diànyǐng.
I see a movie. (every week)
➪ 35.3
2 You are writing to your Chinese pen pal in Mandarin, telling her about your
typical activities.
a. Say that except for the weekends, you go to class every day.
b. Tell her that you begin class at 8:30 a.m. every day.
c. Say that you usually get out of class at 4, but on Fridays you get out of class
at 1.
d. Say that you work in a hospital every Friday afternoon.
e. Tell her that when the weather is nice, you usually take a walk in the park on
Saturday afternoon.
f. Say that you always go to see a movie with your friends on Saturday night.
g. Say that you used to always eat at a restaurant on Sunday with your family.
h. Tell her that you often stay in the dormitory on Sunday and do homework.
➪ 35.1, 35.3
3 You are a detective working with someone from Interpol to conduct a stakeout in
order to catch a suspect in action. Explain in Mandarin to your new partner the
routine of this suspect based on the information you have gathered so far:
a. leaves the house every morning at 7:30.
b. Always buys a cup of coffee at the shop next to the bus stop.
c. Often goes to the gym [‫ع‬䑿᠓/jiànshēnfáng] during lunch break (at noon).
d. Always goes straight home after work. Never goes out for dinner with
co-workers.
e. Works part-time at a bookstore every Sunday.
➪ 35.1, 35.2, 35.3

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SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

4 Marge’s father is a billionaire. She grew up living in luxury. Imagine her lifestyle
and complete the sentences below.
a. Marge Ңᴹϡ೼ ________ фϰ㽓ˈгҢᴹ≵এ䖛 ________DŽ
Marge ᕲ՚ϡ೼ ________ 䊋ᵅ㽓ˈгᕲ՚≦এ䘢 ________DŽ
Marge cónglái bù zài ________ mǎi dōngxi, yě cónglái méi qùguò ________.
b. Marge ߎ䮼 ________ ᳝ৌᴎᓔ䔺ˈ________ ത䖛݀݅≑䔺DŽ
Marge ߎ䭔 ________ ᳝ৌ″䭟䒞ˈ________ ത䘢݀݅≑䒞DŽ
Marge chū mén ________ yǒu sījī kāi chē, ________ zuò guò gōnggòng qìchē.
c. Marge 䎳᳟টএৗ佁ˈ________ ᰃཌྷ䇋ᅶDŽ
Marge 䎳᳟টএৗ仃ˈ________ ᰃཌྷ䂟ᅶDŽ
Marge gēn péngyiu qù chī fàn, ________ shì tā qǐng kè.
d. Marge ⱘ⠌⠌ ________ 䗕ཌྷᕜ䌉ⱘ⼐⠽DŽ(regularly)
Marge ⱘ⠌⠌ ________ 䗕ཌྷᕜ䊈ⱘ⾂⠽DŽ
Marge de bàba ________ sòng tā hěn guì de lǐwù.
e. Marge Ңᴹ≵㞾Ꮕ ________DŽ
Marge ᕲ՚≦㞾Ꮕ ________DŽ
Marge cónglái méi zìjǐ ________.
➪ 35.1, 35.2, 35.3

128
36
Talking about the future
1 Rewrite these sentences, putting the Mandarin time words in the appropriate
location in the sentence. Translate your completed sentences into English.
Example: ៥Ӏᠧ⧗DŽ ᯢ໽ - ៥Ӏᯢ໽ᠧ⧗DŽ
៥‫ץ‬ᠧ⧗DŽ ᯢ໽ ៥‫ץ‬ᯢ໽ᠧ⧗DŽ
Wǒmen dǎ qiú. (míngtiān) Wǒmen míngtiān dǎ qiú.
We are playing ball tomorrow.
a. Դ㽕এા‫ܓ‬䏇㟲˛ Ҟ໽
Դ㽕এા‫ܦ‬䏇㟲˛ Ҟ໽
Nǐ yào qù nǎr tiào wǔ? ( jīntiān)
b. ҪϔᅮӮ᳝ᕜ໮䪅DŽ ᇚᴹ
Ҫϔᅮ᳗᳝ᕜ໮䣶DŽ ᇛ՚
Tā yīdìng huì yǒu hěn duō qián. (jiānglái)
c. ៥䇋Դএⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ ᯢ໽ᰮϞ
៥䂟Դএⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ ᯢ໽ᰮϞ
Wǒ qǐng nǐ qù kàn diànyǐng. (míngtiān wǎnshang)
d. 䇕এЁ೑ᄺд˛ ᯢᑈ
䂄এЁ೟ᅌ㖦˛ ᯢᑈ
Shéi qù Zhōngguó xuéxí? (míngnián)
e. ៥Ӏᬒ‫؛‬DŽ ϟϾ᯳ᳳ
៥‫ץ‬ᬒ‫؛‬DŽ ϟ‫ן‬᯳ᳳ
Wǒmen fàng jià. (xià gè xīngqī)
f. ៥Ӏᠧㅫএᛣ໻߽ᮙ㸠DŽ ϟϾ᳜
៥‫ץ‬ᠧㅫএᛣ໻߽ᮙ㸠DŽ ϟ‫ן‬᳜
Wǒmen dǎsuan qù Yìdàlì lǚxíng. (xià gè yuè)
g. ໽⇨乘᡹䇈Ӯϟ䲾DŽ ৢ໽
໽⇷䷤ฅ䁾᳗ϟ䲾DŽ ᕠ໽
Tiānqì yùbào shuō huì xià xuě. (hòutiān)

129 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-38

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h. ៥ᛇ㒭ཊཊᠧ⬉䆱DŽ ᯢ໽ᮽϞ
៥ᛇ㌺ཊཊᠧ䳏䁅DŽ ᯢ໽ᮽϞ
Wǒ xiǎng gěi nǎinai dǎ diànhuà. (míngtiān zǎoshang)
➪ 36.1
2 Complete these sentences with the Mandarin words or phrases that best express
the English translations.
a. ៥ ________ 㒧ီњDŽ
៥ ________ ㌤ီњDŽ
Wǒ ________ jiéhūn le.
I will get married soon.
b. 䇋Դᯢ໽ ________ ᴹDŽ
䂟Դᯢ໽ ________ ՚DŽ
Qǐng nǐ míngtiān lái.
Please come again tomorrow.
c. ᯢ໽ ________ ϟ䲼DŽ
ᯢ໽ ________ ϟ䲼DŽ
Míngtiān ________ xià yǔ.
It may rain tomorrow.
d. ҪҞ໽ ________ ϡᴹϞ䇒њDŽ
ҪҞ໽ ________ ϡ՚Ϟ䂆њDŽ
Tā jīntiān ________ bù lái shàng kè le.
He probably won’t come to class today.
e. Դ ________ 䎳Ҫ㒧ီ৫˛
Դ ________ 䎳Ҫ㌤ီ஢˛
Nǐ ________ gēn tā jiéhūn ma?
Are you willing to marry him?
f. Դ ________ ᇚᴹԣ೼ા‫˛ܓ‬
Դ ________ ᇛ՚ԣ೼ા‫˛ܦ‬
Nǐ ________ jiānglái zhù zài nǎr?
Where do you plan to live in the future?
g. ៥ ________ ᮽϔ⚍ϟ䇒DŽ
៥ ________ ᮽϔ咲ϟ䂆DŽ
Wǒ ________ zǎo yīdiǎn xià kè.
I am thinking about leaving class a little early.

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h. ៥ϡ㽕 ________ ⳟ䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅњDŽ

៥ϡ㽕 ________ ⳟ䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅњDŽ
Wǒ bù yào ________ kàn nàge diànyǐng le.
I don’t want to see that movie again.
➪ 36.1, 36.2, 36.3, 36.4
3 ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng has made a list of things that he has to do. Rewrite the list in
complete Mandarin sentences.
Example: this morning: - ៥Ҟ໽ᮽϞ㽕㒭៥ⱘཇ᳟টᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
call girlfriend ៥Ҟ໽ᮽϞ㽕㌺៥ⱘཇ᳟টᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Wǒ jīntiān zǎoshang yào gěi wǒ de
nǚpéngyou dǎ diànhuà.
a. this afternoon: borrow money from roommate
b. tomorrow morning: buy girlfriend a birthday present
c. the day after tomorrow: make reservation at restaurant
d. next week: return money to roommate
e. next Tuesday: borrow money from roommate again
f. next month: definitely look for a job
➪ 36.1, 36.2, 36.4
4 Mr. Wang is discussing his schedule with his personal assistant, George. Translate
their conversation into Mandarin, incorporating the following schedule.
2/5 (today) 2/6 2/7
12:30 p.m. lunch with Mr. Chen 9 –11:00 a.m. conference call 1:30 p.m. flight
2:30 p.m. meeting with Mr. Li 1–3:00 p.m. meeting with UA 360 to Tokyo
3:30 p.m. meeting with R & D Marketing [UA 㘨ড়/㙃ড়
4:30 p.m. meeting with PR team 3 – 4:00 p.m. conference call liánhé]
6:00 p.m. dinner with Director Cao
George: ᴢ‫( ⫳ܜ‬a)________ Ӯᴹ䎳ᙼ㾕䴶DŽ
Mr. Wang: ៥ϡᰃϞϾ᯳ᳳᠡ੠Ҫ㾕䴶৫˛ᗢМҞ໽ (b)________ 㽕㾕䴶њ˛
George: Ҫ䇈Ҫ (c)________(plan) Ҟ໽䎳ᙼ䅼䆎ড়԰㒚㡖DŽ
Mr. Wang: ៥Ёज᳝ҔМџ˛
George: ᙼҞ໽Ёज (d)________DŽ(e)________ ᓔྟ䖲ⴔ᳝ϝϾӮDŽ
Mr. Wang: 㒭ᴢ‫⫳ܜ‬ᠧ⬉䆱ˈ䇈៥Ёज᳝џˈϟज (f)________(possibly) ಲϡᴹDŽ
䯂Ҫ (g)________ ________(willing) ᬍ៤ (h) ________(the day after tomorrow) 㾕䴶DŽ
George: ᙼ (i)________ ⱘ亲ᴎএ᮹ᴀˈা᳝ (j)________ ᳝ぎDŽ៥ৃҹ㒭Ҫᠧ⬉䆱
䯂䯂DŽབᵰϡ㸠ˈᙼᯢ໽ (k)________ ҹৢህ≵᳝џњˈ䙷ᯊ‫׭‬гৃҹ৻˛
Mr. Wang: དDŽ䅽ৌᴎ (l)________(get ready) 䔺ˈ៥ (m)________ ߎএϔϟDŽ
George: ៥偀ϞএDŽ
George: ᴢ‫(⫳ܜ‬a)________ ᳗՚䎳ᙼ㽟䴶DŽ

131
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Mr. Wang: ៥ϡᰃϞ‫ן‬᯳ᳳᠡ੠Ҫ㽟䴶஢˛ᗢ咐Ҟ໽ (b)________ 㽕㽟䴶њ˛

George: Ҫ䁾Ҫ (c)________(plan) Ҟ໽䎳ᙼ㿢䂪ড়԰㌄㆔DŽ
Mr. Wang: ៥Ёज᳝⫮咐џ˛
George: ᙼҞ໽Ёज (d)________DŽ(e)________ 䭟ྟ䗷㨫᳝ϝ‫ן‬᳗DŽ
Mr. Wang: ㌺ᴢ‫⫳ܜ‬ᠧ䳏䁅ˈ䁾៥Ёज᳝џˈϟज (f )________(possibly) ಲϡ՚DŽ
ଣҪ (g)________ ________(willing) ᬍ៤ (h)________(the day after tomorrow) 㽟䴶DŽ
George: ᙼ (i)________ ⱘ亯″এ᮹ᴀˈা᳝ (j)________ ᳝ぎDŽ៥ৃҹ㌺Ҫᠧ䳏䁅
ଣଣDŽབᵰϡ㸠ˈᙼᯢ໽ (k)________ ҹᕠህ≦᳝џњˈ䙷ᰖ‫׭‬гৃҹ৻˛
Mr. Wang: དDŽ䅧ৌ″ (l)________(get ready) 䒞ˈ៥ (m)________ ߎএϔϟDŽ
George: ៥侀ϞএDŽ
George: Lǐ Xiānsheng (a)________ huì lái gēn nín jiàn miàn.
Mr. Wang: Wǒ bù shì shàng ge xīngqī cái gēn tā jiàn miàn? Zěnme jīntiān
(b) ________ yào jiàn miàn le?
George: Tā shuō tā (c)________(plan) jīntiān gēn nín tǎolùn hézuò xìjié.
Mr. Wang: Wǒ zhōngwǔ yǒu shénme shì? Xiàwǔ ne?
George: Nín jīntiān zhōngwǔ (d)________. (e)________ kāishǐ lián zhe yǒu
sān gè huì.
Mr. Wang: Gěi Lǐ Xiānsheng dǎ diànhuà, shuō wǒ zhōngwǔ yǒu shì, xiàwǔ
________(possibly) huí bù lái. Wèn tā (g)________(willing) gǎi chéng
(f)

(h) ________(the day after tomorrow) jiàn miàn.

George: Nín (i)________ de fēijī qù Rìbēn, zhǐ yǒu (j)________ yǒu kòng.
Wǒ kěyǐ gěi tā dǎ diànhuà wènwen. Rúguǒ bù xíng, nín míngtiān
(k) ________ yǐhòu jiù méi yǒu shì le, nà shíhòu yě kěyǐ ba?
Mr. Wang: Hǎo. Ràng sījī (l)________(get ready) chē, wǒ (m)________ chūqù yīxià.
George: Wǒ mǎshàng qù.

132
37
Indicating completion and
talking about the past
1 Describe my older brother’s dinner party in complete sentences in Mandarin. Pay
attention to the position of time and location phrases in your sentences.
a. My older brother bought a house last month.
b. Last week he invited some friends to his house to eat dinner.
c. He cooked five dishes.
d. He also made a soup.
e. His friends gave him a bottle of wine. [䗕Ăϔ⫊䜦 sòng . . . yīpíng jiǔ]
f. They ate the food and drank the wine.
➪ 17.1, 37.1
2 Describe the sequence of events at the dinner party in complete Mandarin
sentences using њ le, ҹৢ/ҹᕠ yǐhòu, and ህ jiù.
Example: After my brother - ៥હહϟњ⧁ҹৢህಲᆊњDŽ
got out of work, ៥હહϟњ⧁ҹᕠህಲᆊњDŽ
he went home. Wǒ gēge xià le bān yǐhòu jiù huí jiā le.
a. After the guests arrived, my older brother invited them to drink tea.
b. After they drank tea, my older brother invited them to eat dinner.
c. After they ate, they all sang some songs.
d. After they sang, they went home.
e. After they left, my older brother began to wash the dishes. [⋫ xǐ wash,
Ⲭᄤ/Ⲹᄤ pán zi dishes]
f. After he washed the dishes he went to sleep.
➪ 17.1.2, 37.2, 42.2
3 ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng is getting ready for the new semester. Here is a list of things he
has done and things that he has not yet done. Translate the list into Mandarin in
complete sentences.
Example: Done - ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣ф⬉㛥њDŽ
bought a computer ⥟ᯢᏆ㍧䊋䳏㜺њDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing mǎi diànnǎo le.

133 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-39

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Not yet done - ⥟ᯢ䖬≵ⳟҪⱘ᳟টDŽ

see his friends ⥟ᯢ䙘≦ⳟҪⱘ᳟টDŽ
Wáng Míng hái méi kàn tā de péngyou.

Done Not yet done

a. select classes [䗝䇒/䙌䂆 xuǎn kè] d. buy textbooks
b. buy notebooks e. review Chinese characters
[໡д∝ᄫ/ᕽ㖦⓶ᄫ fùxí Hàn zì]
c. pay tuition [Ҭᄺ䌍/Ҭᅌ䊏 f. find classrooms [ᡒᬭᅸ
fù xuéfèi] zhǎo jiàoshì]
➪ 17.1, 37.1, 37.3
4 ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng’s mother asks him whether he has done the following.
Translate her questions into Mandarin.
a. Have you cleaned your room? [ᬊᣒሟᄤ shōushí wūzi]
b. Have you done your homework? [‫خ‬԰Ϯ/‫خ‬԰ὁ zuò zuòyè]
c. Have you finished your essay? [‫ݭ‬԰᭛/ᆿ԰᭛ xiě zuòwén]
d. Have you looked for a job? [ᡒᎹ԰ zhǎo gōngzuò]
e. Have you selected your classes?
f. Have you bought your textbooks?
➪ 17.1.1.2, 17.1.1.3, 37.4
5 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, adding জ yòu to indicate that the action
happened again in the past. Translate your sentences into English.
Example: ៥Ӏ᯼໽㗗䆩њDŽ - ៥Ӏ᯼໽জ㗗䆩њDŽ
៥‫ץ‬᯼໽㗗䀺њDŽ ៥‫ץ‬᯼໽জ㗗䀺њDŽ
Wǒmen zuótiān kǎo shì le. Wǒmen zuótiān yòu kǎo shì le.
We took a test yesterday. We took a test again yesterday.
a. ៥⠊↡এ᮹ᴀњDŽ
Wǒ fùmǔ qù Rìběn le.
My parents went to Japan.
b. Դߎ䫭䇃њDŽ
Դߎ䤃䁸њDŽ
Nǐ chū cuòwù le.
You made a mistake.
c. ៥㒭њҪѠकഫ䪅DŽ
៥㌺њҪѠकพ䣶DŽ
Wǒ gěi le tā èrshí kuài qián.
I gave him $20.

134
Indicating completion and talking about the past

d. ៥䎳᳟টⳟњ䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥䎳᳟টⳟњ䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ gēn péng you kàn le nàge diànyǐng.
I saw a movie with friends.
e. ៥ᠧ㇂⧗њDŽ
៥ᠧ㈗⧗њDŽ
Wǒ dǎ lánqiú le.
I played basketball.
f. ៥㒭ཌྷᠧ⬉䆱њDŽ
៥㌺ཌྷᠧ䳏䁅њDŽ
Wǒ gěi tā dǎ diànhuà le.
I gave her a phone call. (I called her on the phone.)
➪ 37.5
6 Using the cues in parentheses, answer the following questions in complete
Mandarin sentences.
Example: Դৗ䖛Ё೑佁≵᳝˛(no) - ៥≵ৗ䖛Ё೑佁DŽ
Դৗ䘢Ё೟仃≦᳝˛ ៥≦ৗ䘢Ё೟仃DŽ
Nǐ chīguò Zhōngguó Wǒ méi chīguò Zhōngguó fàn.
fàn méi yǒu?
a. Դⳟ䖛≵ⳟ䖛Ё೑⬉ᕅ˛(yes)
Դⳟ䘢≦ⳟ䘢Ё೟䳏ᕅ˛
Nǐ kànguo méi kànguo Zhōngguó diànyǐng?
b. ԴҞᑈẔᶹ䖛䑿ԧ৫˛(no)
ԴҞᑈ⁶ᶹ䘢䑿储஢˛
Nǐ jīnnián jiǎncháguo shēntǐ ma? [Ẕᶹ䑿ԧ/⁶ᶹ䑿储 jiǎnchá shēntǐ
have a physical exam]
c. Դᄺ䖛㣅᭛৫˛(yes)
Դᅌ䘢㣅᭛஢˛
Nǐ xuéguo Yīngwén ma?
d. ៥≵ৗ䖛䖭Ͼ㦰DŽԴਸ਼˛(never)
៥≦ৗ䘢䗭‫ן‬㦰DŽԴਸ਼˛
Wǒ méi chīguo zhège cài. Nǐ ne?
e. Դⳟ䖛䖭ᴀк৫˛(no)
Դⳟ䘢䗭ᴀ᳌஢˛
Nǐ kànguò zhè běn shū ma?
f. Դᄺ䖛㒣⌢ᄺ৫˛[㒣⌢ᄺ/㍧△ᅌ jīngjì xué economics] ( yes)
Դᅌ䘢㍧△ᅌ஢˛
Nǐ xuéguò jīngjìxué ma?

135
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

g. Դଅ䖛वᢝOK৫˛[वᢝ OK kǎlā OK karaoke] (not yet)

Դଅ䘢वᢝOK஢˛
Nǐ chàngguo kǎlā OK ma?
h. Դৗ䖛᮹ᴀ佁৫˛( yes)
Դৗ䘢᮹ᴀ仃஢˛
Nǐ chīguò Rìběn fàn ma?
➪ 17.3, 37.6
7 Fill in the blanks, using either 䖛/䘢 guo, њ le, or 䖛њ/䘢њ guo le as
appropriate.
a. ៥ྍྍ䎳ཌྷ᳟টএ ________ Ё೑DŽ
៥ྍྍ䎳ཌྷ᳟টএ ________ Ё೟DŽ
Wǒ mèimei gēn tā péngyou qù ________ Zhōngguó.
My younger sister and her friend went to China.
b. ៥Ңᴹ≵এ ________ ᮹ᴀˈৃᰃ៥હહ೼䙷‫ܓ‬ԣ ________ ϸᑈDŽ
៥ᕲ՚≦এ ________ ᮹ᴀˈৃᰃ៥હહ೼䙷‫ܦ‬ԣ ________ ܽᑈDŽ
Wǒ cónglái méi qù ________ Rìběn, kěshì wǒ gēge zài nàr zhù ________
liǎng nián.
I have never been to Japan, but my older brother lived there for two years.
c. Դৗ≵ৗ ________ ⋄೑佁˛
Դৗ≦ৗ ________ ⋄೟仃˛
Nǐ chī méi chī ________ Tàiguó fàn?
Have you eaten Thai food before?
d. ៥Ӏ㗕Ꮬ㒭៥Ӏҟ㒡 ________ ҹৢህᰃད᳟ট ________DŽ
៥‫ץ‬㗕᏿㌺៥‫ץ‬ҟ㌍ ________ ҹᕠህᰃད᳟ট ________DŽ
Wǒmen lǎoshī gěi wǒmen jièshào ________ yǐhòu jiù shì hǎo péngyou
________.
After our teacher introduced us we became good friends.
e. ៥Ӏҹࠡ䛑≵᳝㾕 ________ 䖭ϾҎDŽ
៥‫ץ‬ҹࠡ䛑≦᳝㽟 ________ 䗭‫ן‬ҎDŽ
Wǒmen yǐqián dōu méi yǒu jiàn ________ zhège rén.
None of us have ever met this person before.
➪ 17.1, 17.3, 37.1, 37.3, 37.6, 37.7
8 Translate the following sentences into Mandarin using adverbs to indicate
past time.
a. He was my boyfriend.
b. I used to drink coffee every morning.
c. When I was young I liked to talk a lot.
d. Gasoline was 19 cents a gallon in 1962. [ࡴժ jiālún gallon]

136
Indicating completion and talking about the past

e. This used to be a park.

f. Previously, I was not interested in China.
➪ 37.8
9 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, adding ᰃ shì . . . ⱘ de to focus on the
underlined detail of each past event.
Example: ៥೼Ϟ⍋䭓໻DŽ - ៥ᰃ೼Ϟ⍋䭓໻ⱘDŽ
៥೼Ϟ⍋䭋໻DŽ ៥ᰃ೼Ϟ⍋䭋໻ⱘDŽ
Wǒ zài Shànghǎi zhǎngdà. Wǒ shì zài Shànghǎi zhǎngdà de.
I grew up in Shanghai.
a. ҪӀϔбϗ䳊ᑈ㒧ီDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ϔбϗ䳊ᑈ㌤ီDŽ
Tāmen yī jiǔ qī líng nián jiéhūn.
They got married in 1970.
b. ៥Ӏ೼Ё೑䅸䆚DŽ
៥‫ץ‬೼Ё೟䁡䄬DŽ
Wǒmen zài Zhōngguó rènshi.
We met in China.
c. ᓳᓳѠ嗟Ѡϔᑈ↩ϮDŽ
ᓳᓳѠ嗟Ѡϔᑈ⬶ὁDŽ
Dìdi èr líng èr yī nián bìyè.
Younger brother graduated in 2021.
d. 䖭ӊ↯㸷៥⠊↡㒭៥фDŽ
䗭ӊ↯㸷៥⠊↡㌺៥䊋DŽ
Zhè jiàn máoyī wǒ fùmǔ gěi wǒ mǎi.
This sweater was bought for me by my parents.
e. 䙷ᴀк⥟㗕Ꮬ‫ݭ‬DŽ
䙷ᴀ᳌⥟㗕᏿ᆿDŽ
Nà běn shū Wáng lǎoshī xiě.
That book was written by Professor Wang.
f. 䖭ᴀᄫ‫݌‬೼кᑫфDŽ
䗭ᴀᄫ‫݌‬೼᳌ᑫ䊋DŽ
Zhè běn zìdiǎn zài shūdiàn mǎi.
This dictionary was purchased in the bookstore.
g. Ҫਞ䆝៥DŽ
Tā gàosu wǒ.
It was he who told me.

137
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

h. ៥ത݀݅≑䔺এDŽ
៥ത݀݅≑䒞এDŽ
Wǒ zuò gōnggòng qìchē qù.
I went by bus.
➪ 37.9
10 ᇣᓴᇣᔉ Xiǎo Zhāng and ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng are having dinner at a restaurant in
Chinatown. Complete their dialogue using the information supplied in
parentheses. Think carefully about when to use њ le, 䖛/䘢 guo, and ᰃĂⱘ
shì . . . de in your sentences.

ᇣᓴ˖䖭‫ⱘܓ‬䈚㜤≵᳝࣫ҀⱘདৗDŽ᳡ࡵਬⱘЁ᭛ˈг≵᳝࣫ҀҎⱘЁ᭛ད਀DŽ
ᇣ⥟˖Դད‫ⶹڣ‬䘧ᕜ໮࣫ҀⱘџˈЎҔМ˛
a. ᇣᓴ˖಴Ў ________________________________________DŽ(I’ve been to Beijing.)
b. ᇣ⥟˖ⳳⱘ৫˛Դ __________________________________˛(When did you go?)
c. ᇣᓴ˖________________________________DŽ(I went in 2010, with my mother.)
d. ᇣ⥟˖࣫Ҁ᳝ᛣᗱ৫˛ԴӀ _________________________˛(Where did you go?)
e. ᇣᓴ˖
៥Ӏএ _____________ ᕜ໮ഄᮍˈгৗ _____________ ᕜ໮དৗⱘϰ㽓DŽ
៥䖬ф ___________________________________________ ϔѯ֓ᅰⱘ㸷᳡DŽ
f. ᇣ⥟˖Դ೼࣫Ҁ _____________________˛(How long did you stay in Beijing?)
g. ᇣᓴ˖ϸϾ᳜ˈ✊ᕠ៥Ӏ ___________________DŽ(Then we went to Shanghai.)
h. ᇣ⥟˖ԴӀ ____________________________________˛(How did you get there?)
ᇣᓴ˖ത☿䔺DŽ
i. ᇣ⥟˖___________________________________˛(How long was the train ride?)
ᇣᓴ˖៥ᖬњˈད䈵ܿϾ䩳༈৻DŽ
j. ᇣ⥟˖៥ _________________DŽ(I’ve never been to China.) Դ‫ݡ‬໮䇈ϔ⚍‫৻ܓ‬DŽ
k. ᇣᓴ˖ᔧ✊ʽ2018 ᑈˈ៥Ӏ ___________________DŽ(We went to China again.)

ᇣᔉ˖䗭‫ⱘܦ‬䈚㜤≦᳝࣫ҀⱘདৗDŽ᳡ࢭવⱘЁ᭛ˈг≦᳝࣫ҀҎⱘЁ᭛ད㙑DŽ
ᇣ⥟˖Դད‫ⶹڣ‬䘧ᕜ໮࣫Ҁⱘџˈ⚎⫮咐˛
a. ᇣᔉ˖಴⚎ _______________________________________DŽ(I’ve been to Beijing.)
b. ᇣ⥟˖ⳳⱘ஢˛Դ __________________________________˛(When did you go?)
c. ᇣᔉ˖________________________________DŽ(I went in 2010, with my mother.)
d. ᇣ⥟˖࣫Ҁ᳝ᛣᗱ஢˛Դ‫(˛_________________________ ץ‬Where did you go?)
e. ᇣᔉ˖
៥‫ץ‬এ _____________ ᕜ໮ഄᮍˈгৗ _____________ ᕜ໮དৗⱘᵅ㽓DŽ
៥䙘䊋___________________________________________ϔѯ֓ᅰⱘ㸷᳡DŽ
f. ᇣ⥟˖Դ೼࣫Ҁ _____________________˛(How long did you stay in Beijing?)
g. ᇣᔉ˖ܽ‫ן‬᳜ˈ✊ᕠ៥‫___________________ ץ‬DŽ(Then we went to Shanghai.)
h. ᇣ⥟˖Դ‫(˛____________________________________ ץ‬How did you get there?)
ᇣᔉ˖ത☿䒞DŽ

138
Indicating completion and talking about the past

i. ᇣ⥟˖____________________________________˛(How long was the train ride?)

ᇣᔉ˖៥ᖬњˈད‫ןܿڣ‬䧬丁৻DŽ
j. ᇣ⥟˖៥ ________________DŽ(I’ve never been to China.) Դ‫ݡ‬໮䁾ϔ咲‫৻ܦ‬ʽ
k. ᇣᔉ˖⭊✊ʽ2018 ᑈˈ៥‫___________________ ץ‬DŽ(We went to China again.)

Xiǎo Zhāng: Zhèr de dòufu méi yǒu Běijīng de hǎo chī. Fúwùyuán de
Zhōngwén, yě méi yǒu Běijīngrén de Zhōngwén hǎo tīng
Xiǎo Wáng: Nǐ hǎoxiàng zhīdào hěnduō Běijīng de shì, wèishénme?

a. Xiǎo Zhāng: Yīnwèi ______________________________. (I’ve been to Beijing.)

b. Xiǎo Wáng: Zhēnde ma? Nǐ ______________________? (When did you go?)
c. Xiǎo Zhāng: _________________________. (I went in 2010, with my mother.)
d. Xiǎo Wáng: Běijing yǒu yìsi ma? Nǐmen _________? (Where did you go?)
e. Xiǎo Zhāng: Wǒmen qù ___________ hěn duō dìfāng, yě chī ____________
hěn duō hǎo chī de dōngxi. Wǒ hái mǎi __________________
yī xiē piányi de yīfu.
f. Xiǎo Wáng: Nǐ zài Běijīng _________? (How long did you stay in Beijing?)
g. Xiǎo Zhāng: Liǎng ge yuè. Ránhòu wǒmen _____________________________.
(Then we went to Shanghai.)
h. Xiǎo Wáng: Nǐmen __________________________? (How did you get there?)
Xiǎo Zhāng: Zuò huǒchē.
i. Xiǎo Wáng: ____________________________? (How long was the train ride?)
Xiǎo Zhāng: Wǒ wàng le. Hǎoxiàng bā ge zhōngtou ba.
j. Xiǎo Wáng: Wǒ _____________________________. (I’ve never been to China.)
Nǐ zài duō shuō yīdiǎr ba.
k. Xiǎo Zhāng: Dāngrán! 2018 nián, wǒmen _____________________________.
(We went to China again.)

139
38
Talking about change, new
situations, and changing
situations
1 ⥟ᇣྍ Wáng Xiǎomèi is training to run a marathon. Her coach is giving her
a pep talk. Put the phrases in each of these sentences into the correct order to
find out what he is saying. The English translations are provided.
a. Դ䍞䍞䅸ⳳᴹDŽ
Դ䍞䍞䁡ⳳ՚DŽ
nǐ yuè yuè rènzhēn lái.
You have become serious.
b. Դⱘ䑿ԧᔎໂ䍞ᴹ䍞DŽ
Դⱘ䑿储ᔎໃ䍞՚䍞DŽ
nǐ de shēntǐ qiángzhuàng yuè lái yuè.
You are getting stronger and stronger.
c. 䍞ԴⱘᡔᎻᴹ䍞དDŽ
䍞ԴⱘᡔᎻ՚䍞དDŽ
yuè nǐ de jìqiǎo lái yuè hǎo.
Your technique is getting better and better.
d. ᖿ↨䌯ⱘ᮹ᄤњ㽕ࠄDŽ
ᖿ↨䋑ⱘ᮹ᄤњ㽕ࠄDŽ
kuài bǐsài de rìzi le yào dào.
The day of the race is coming up soon.
e. Դᕫ䎥ϝϾᇣᯊ↣໽DŽ
Դᕫ䎥ϝ‫ן‬ᇣᰖ↣໽DŽ
nǐ děi pǎo sān gè xiǎoshí měitiān.
You must begin running three hours every day.
f. Դ䍞䎥䍞ᖿ䎥ᕫDŽ
Դ䍞䎥䍞ᖿ䎥ᕫDŽ
nǐ yuè pǎo yuè kuài pǎo de.
The more you run the faster you will get.
➪ 38.3
140 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-40
Talking about change, new situations, and changing situations

2 ⥟ᇣྍ Wáng Xiǎomèi is excited about all of the things that her new sister has
learned to do. Translate her descriptions into Mandarin.
Example: She can sing now. - ⦄೼ཌྷӮଅ℠њDŽ
⧒೼ཌྷ᳗ଅ℠њDŽ
Xiànzài tā huì chàng gē le.
a. She can walk now.
b. She can now say ‘mama.’
c. She can now recognize her older brothers.
d. She likes to listen to music now.
e. She knows her own name.
➪ 38.1
3 ⥟ᇣྍ Wáng Xiǎomèi made some new year’s resolutions. Translate them into
Mandarin.
Example: I won’t smoke anymore. - ៥ϡ‫ݡ‬ᢑ✭њDŽ
Wǒ bù zài chōu yān le.
a. I won’t drink beer anymore.
b. I won’t go to parties on Sunday nights anymore.
c. I will jog in the park every day. [䎥ℹ pǎo bù jog]
d. I will call my parents once a week.
e. I will study Chinese every day.
f. I will not quarrel with my younger sister anymore. [ਉᶊ chǎo jià quarrel ]
➪ 38.1
4 The following sentences describe changing situations. Express these changes
in English.
a. ໽⇨䍞ᴹ䍞‫ދ‬њDŽ
໽⇷䍞՚䍞‫ދ‬њDŽ
Tiānqì yuè lái yuè lěng le.
b. Ё᭛䍞ᴹ䍞᳝ᛣᗱњDŽ
Ё᭛䍞՚䍞᳝ᛣᗱњDŽ
Zhōngwén yuè lái yuè yǒu yìsī le.
c. Ё೑Ҏⱘ⫳⌏䍞ᴹ䍞དњDŽ
Ё೟Ҏⱘ⫳⌏䍞՚䍞དњDŽ
Zhōngguó rén de shēnghuó yuè lái yuè hǎo le.
d. ៥Ӏ䍞ᴹ䍞୰⃶ৗЁ೑佁њDŽ
៥‫ץ‬䍞՚䍞୰ℵৗЁ೟仃њDŽ
Wǒmen yuè lái yuè xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó fàn le.

141
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

e. ៥䍞ৗ䍞㚪ˈ䍞㚪䍞ᛇৗDŽ
Wǒ yuè chī yuè pàng, yuè pàng yuè xiǎng chī.
f. Դ䍞ᄺ䍞ពDŽ
Դ䍞ᅌ䍞ពDŽ
Nǐ yuè xué yuè dǒng.
g. ៥䍞ᄺ䍞㽕ᄺDŽ
៥䍞ᅌ䍞㽕ᅌDŽ
Wǒ yuè xué yuè yào xué.
h. ∝ᄫ䍞‫ݭ‬䍞ᆍᯧDŽ
⓶ᄫ䍞ᆿ䍞ᆍᯧDŽ
Hàn zì yuè xiě yuè róngyì.
i. 䖭ᴀкˈ៥䍞ⳟ䍞㾝ᕫ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
䗭ᴀ᳌ˈ៥䍞ⳟ䍞㾎ᕫ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Zhè běn shū, wǒ yuè kàn yuè juéde yǒu yìsī.
➪ 38.3
5 Write a short paragraph in Mandarin using the pattern 䍞ᴹ䍞/䍞՚䍞 yuè lái yuè
in each sentence to describe a day in early spring.
Example: weather: good - ໽⇨䍞ᴹ䍞དњDŽ
໽⇷䍞՚䍞དњDŽ
Tiānqì yuè lái yuè hǎo le.
a. temperature: warmer
b. days: longer
c. flowers: more
d. sky: blue
e. people walking outside: more
➪ 38.3.1
6 ਼㥝 Zhōu Lì is writing a letter home describing her progress in Mandarin.
Express her progress using 䍞Ă䍞 yuè . . . yuè for each situation.
Example: study . . . interested - ៥䍞䇏䍞᳝݈䍷DŽ
៥䍞䅔䍞᳝㟜䍷DŽ
Wǒ yuè dú yuè yǒu xìngqù.
a. listen to Chinese . . . understand
b. write Chinese characters . . . pretty
c. talk . . . accurately
d. read . . . fast
➪ 38.3.2

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Talking about change, new situations, and changing situations

7 Complete these sentences by adding a Mandarin noun or verb that expresses

change to best express the English translation.
a. Ё೑᳔䖥 ________ ᕜ໻DŽ
Ё೟᳔䖥 ________ ᕜ໻DŽ
Zhōngguó zuì jìn ________ hěn dà.
China has recently changed a lot.
b. Ҫᛇᇚᴹ ________ ϔϾ⾥ᄺᆊDŽ
Ҫᛇᇛ՚ ________ ϔ‫⾥ן‬ᅌᆊDŽ
Tā xiǎng jiānglái ________ yī gè kēxuéjiā.
He wants to become a scientist in the future.
c. 䖭Ͼᘏ㒳㛑 ________ Ҏ⇥ⱘ⫳⌏৫˛
䗭‫ן‬㐑㍅㛑 ________ Ҏ⇥ⱘ⫳⌏஢˛
Zhège zóngting néng ________ rénmín de shēnghuó ma?
Can this president improve people’s lives?
d. ໽⇨⛁њDŽԴಲᆊ ________ 㸷᳡৻ʽ
໽⇷➅њDŽԴಲᆊ ________ 㸷᳡৻ʽ
Tiānqì rè le. Nǐ huí jiā ________ yīfu ba!
It’s gotten hot. Go home and change your clothes!
e. 䇋Դᐂ៥ ________ ៥Ё᭛԰᭛䞠ⱘ䫭䇃DŽ
䂟Դᐿ៥ ________ ៥Ё᭛԰᭛㺣ⱘ䤃䁸DŽ
Qǐng nǐ bāng wǒ ________ wǒ Zhōngwén zuòwén lǐ de cuòwù.
Please help me correct the mistakes in my Chinese essay.
f. 䖭㆛᭛ゴ៥Ꮖ㒣 ________ њᕜ໮⃵њDŽ
䗭㆛᭛ゴ៥Ꮖ㍧ ________ њᕜ໮⃵њDŽ
Zhè piān wénzhāng wǒ yǐjing ________ le hěn duō cì le.
I’ve already rewritten this essay many times.
g. ޴ᑈϡ㾕ˈҪ ________ њϔϾᕜ᳝⼐䉠ⱘᄽᄤDŽ
ᑒᑈϡ㽟ˈҪ ________ њϔ‫ן‬ᕜ᳝⾂䉠ⱘᄽᄤDŽ
Jǐ nián bù jiàn, tā ________ le yī gè hěn yǒu lǐmào de háizi.
I haven’t seen him in a few years, and he has become a very polite child.
h. ޴ᑈϡ㾕ˈҪ ________ ᕜ᳝⼐䉠ⱘᄺ⫳DŽ
ᑒᑈϡ㽟ˈҪ ________ ᕜ᳝⾂䉠ⱘᅌ⫳DŽ
Jǐnián bù jiàn, tā ________ hěn yǒu lǐmào de xuésheng.
I haven’t seen him in a few years, and he has become a very polite student.
i. ᣝ✻Դⱘᓎ䆂ˈҪᏆ㒣ᡞ᭛ゴ䞠ⱘ䫭䇃 ________ њDŽ
ᣝ✻Դⱘᓎ䅄ˈҪᏆ㍧ᡞ᭛ゴ㺣ⱘ䤃䁸 ________ њDŽ
Ànzhào nǐ de jiànyì, tā yǐjīng bǎ wénzhāng lǐ de cuòwù ________ le.
Following your suggestions, he has already corrected the mistakes in his essay.
➪ 38.4

143
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

8 ਼߽ Zhōu Lì is writing a memo to his boss about his company’s business

prospects in China. Express his points in Mandarin.
a. The business climate in China has improved.
b. The economy is getting stronger and stronger.
c. There are more and more foreign businesses in China.
d. The more they invest, the more money they make.
e. Chinese people have more and more money.
f. The more money they have, the more things they buy.
g. I think our business in China will get better and better.
➪ 38.3, 38.4
9 You missed your 10-year school reunion last weekend. Your friend ᇣ⥟ brought
you a photo he took at the reunion and was telling you about how everyone has
been doing. Fill in the blanks to complete ᇣ⥟’s narrative.
䙷໽໻ᆊ䛑ᴹњDŽԴⳟˈᇣ߬ (a)________(became engaged)DŽ 䖭ᰃҪⱘ᳾ီྏ (fiancée)DŽ
ᇣ催㒧ီᕫᮽˈ⦄೼Ꮖ㒣 (b)________(has three children)DŽএᑈ៥Ӏ㾕ࠄᇣᴢⱘᯊ‫׭‬
ཌྷ䖬೼Ꮉ԰ˈ⦄೼ (c)________(not working anymore)ˈ‫ޚ‬໛㒧ီDŽᇣ਼໮ᑈϡ㾕ˈ
(d)________(getting heavier and heavier)DŽᇣᓴ (e)________(has changed the most)DŽҹࠡ䎳ཇᄽᄤ䇈䆱

䛑Ӯ㜌㑶 (blush)ˈ⦄೼コ✊ (f)________(became a celebrity)ˈࠄ໘ⓨ䆆ʽᇍњˈ䙷໽䰸њ

Դˈህᰃᇣ∳≵ᴹDŽ਀䇈Ҫ↩њϮህএњ⊩೑ˈᏆ㒣೼䙷‫ܓ‬ԣњᖿकᑈ(g)________DŽ
䙷໽໻ᆊ䛑՚њDŽԴⳟˈᇣ࡝ (a)________ (became engaged)DŽ 䗭ᰃҪⱘ᳾ီྏ (fiancée)DŽ
ᇣ催㌤ီᕫᮽˈ⧒೼Ꮖ㍧ (b)________ (has three children)DŽএᑈ៥‫ץ‬㽟ࠄᇣᴢⱘᰖ‫׭‬ཌྷ䙘
೼Ꮉ԰ˈ⧒೼ (c)________(not working anymore)ˈ⑪‫٭‬㌤ီDŽᇣ਼໮ᑈϡ㽟ˈ(d)________
(getting heavier and heavier)DŽᇣᔉ (e)________ (has changed the most)DŽҹࠡ䎳ཇᄽᄤ䁾䁅䛑᳗㞝㋙

(blush)ˈ⧒೼コ✊ (f)________(became a celebrity)ˈࠄ㰩ⓨ䃯ʽᇡњˈ䙷໽䰸њԴˈህᰃ

ᇣ∳≦՚DŽ㙑䁾Ҫ⬶њὁህএњ⊩೟ˈᏆ㍧೼䙷‫ܦ‬ԣњᖿकᑈ (g)________DŽ
Nàtiān dàjiā dōu lái le. Nǐ kàn, Xiǎo Liú (a)________(became engaged). Zhè shì
tā de wèihūnfù (fiancée). Xiǎo Gāo jiéhūn de zǎo, xiànzài yǐjīng
(b) ________ (has three children). Qùnián women jiàndào Xiǎo Lǐ de shíhòu tā hái zài
gōngzuò, xiànzài (c)________(not working anymore), zhǔnbèi jiéhūn. Xiǎo Zhōu duōnián
bù jiàn, (d)________(getting heavier and heavier). Xiǎo Zhāng (e)________(has changed the most).
Yǐqián gēn nǚ háizi shuō huà dōu huì liǎnhóng (blush), xiànzài jìngrán
________(became a celebrity), dàochù yǎnjiǎng! Duìle, nàtiān chúle nǐ, jiù shì Xiǎo
(f)

Jiāng méi lái. Tīngshuō tā bì le yè jìu qù le Fǎguó, yǐjīng zài nàr zhù le kuài
shí nián (g)________.
10 Have you ever attended a school reunion? Use the above paragraph as inspiration
and write a few sentences about how your friends have changed.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

144
39
Talking about duration
and frequency
1 Rewrite the following sentences, adding the duration phrase that follows in
parentheses.
Example: ៥Ҟ໽ᰮϞᛇⳟ⬉㾚DŽ ϔϾᇣᯊ)
៥Ҟ໽ᰮϞᛇⳟ䳏㽪DŽ ϔ‫ן‬ᇣᰖ)
Wǒ jīntiān wǎnshang xiǎng kàn diànshì. (yī gè xiǎoshí)
-
៥Ҟ໽ᰮϞᛇⳟϔϾᇣᯊⱘ⬉㾚DŽ
៥Ҟ໽ᰮϞᛇⳟϔ‫ן‬ᇣᰖⱘ䳏㽪DŽ
Wǒ jīntiān wǎnshang xiǎng kàn yī gè xiǎoshí de diànshì.
a. ៥ᠧㅫ೼Ё೑ᄺЁ೑䆱DŽ ϔᑈ
៥ᠧㅫ೼Ё೟ᅌЁ೟䁅DŽ ϔᑈ
Wǒ dǎsuan zài Zhōngguó xué Zhōngguó huà. (yī nián)
I plan to study Chinese in China for a year.
b. ᄺ⫳↣໽㟇ᇥᕫᄺдDŽ ϝϾ䩳༈
ᅌ⫳↣໽㟇ᇥᕫᅌ㖦DŽ ϝ‫ן‬䧬丁
Xuésheng měitiān zhìshǎo děi xuéxí. (sān gè zhōngtóu)
The students should study at least three hours every day.
c. ៥Ꮖ㒣ㄝњҪњDŽ Ѡकߚ䩳
៥Ꮖ㍧ㄝњҪњDŽ Ѡकߚ䥒
Wǒ yǐjing děng le tā le. (èrshí fēn zhōng)
I’ve already waited for him for twenty minutes.
d. ᯼໽ᰮϞˈ៥ህⴵ㾝њDŽ ϸϾ䩳༈
᯼໽ᰮϞˈ៥ህⴵ㾎њDŽ ܽ‫ן‬䧬丁
Zuótiān wǎnshang wǒ jiù shuì jiào le. (liǎng gè zhōngtóu)
Last night I only slept for two hours.
e. Դ↣໽ᰮϞᑨ䆹ⴵ㾝DŽ ܿϾ䩳༈
Դ↣໽ᰮϞឝ䁆ⴵ㾎DŽ ܿ‫ן‬䧬丁
Nǐ měitiān wǎnshang yīnggāi shuì jiào. (bā gè zhōngtóu)
You should sleep eight hours every night.
145 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-41
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

f. ៥↣໽ⳟ᡹DŽ ϔϾञᇣᯊ
៥↣໽ⳟฅDŽ ϔ‫ן‬ञᇣᰖ
Wǒ měitiān kàn bào. (yī gè bàn xiǎoshí)
I read the newspaper for one and a half hours every day.
g. ៥↣໽ᰮϞ਀䷇ФDŽ ϔϾ䩳༈
៥↣໽ᰮϞ㙑䷇ῖDŽ ϔ‫ן‬䧬丁
Wǒ měitiān wǎnshang tīng yīnyuè. (yī gè zhōngtou)
I listen to music for an hour every night.
➪ 39.1
2 In complete Mandarin sentences, explain how long it has been that ⥟ᯢ Wáng
Míng has not done the following.
Example: Wang Ming has not eaten - ⥟ᯢ᳝ϔϾ᳜≵ৗЁ೑佁DŽ
Chinese food in a month. ⥟ᯢ᳝ϔ‫ן‬᳜≦ৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Wáng Míng yǒu yī gè yuè méi
chī Zhōngguó fàn.
a. seen a movie – one month
b. gone home – one year
c. gone to class – five days
d. spoken – 45 minutes
e. slept – 36 hours
f. played ball – two weeks
➪ 39.1.4
3 Rewrite these sentences so that the duration phrase is expressed with ᳝ yǒu.
Example: ཌྷⳟ⬉㾚Ꮖ㒣ⳟњϸϾᇣᯊњDŽ - ཌྷⳟ⬉㾚Ꮖ㒣᳝ϸϾᇣᯊњDŽ
ཌྷⳟ䳏㽪Ꮖ㍧ⳟњܽ‫ן‬ᇣᰖњDŽ ཌྷⳟ䳏㽪Ꮖ㍧᳝ܽ‫ן‬ᇣᰖњDŽ
Tā kàn diànshì yǐjing kàn le Tā kàn diànshì yǐjing yǒu
liǎng gè xiǎoshí le. liǎng gè xiǎoshí le.
She’s already been watching television for two hours.
a. ཌྷ‫ݭ‬԰᭛Ꮖ㒣‫ݭ‬њϔϾ᳜њDŽ
ཌྷᆿ԰᭛Ꮖ㍧ᆿњϔ‫ן‬᳜њDŽ
Tā xiě zuòwén yǐjing xiě le yī gè yuè le.
He’s already been writing the essay for a month.
b. ҪӀᠧ⧗ᠧњϝϾᇣᯊDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ᠧ⧗ᠧњϝ‫ן‬ᇣᰖDŽ
Tāmen dǎ qiú dǎ le sān gè xiǎoshí.
They have been playing ball for three hours.

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Talking about duration and frequency

c. Ҫ䎳Ҫⱘཇ᳟ট䇈䆱䇈њϸϾ䩳༈њDŽ
Ҫ䎳Ҫⱘཇ᳟ট䁾䁅䁾њܽ‫ן‬䧬丁њDŽ
Tā gēn tā de nǚ péngyou shuō huà shuō le liǎng gè zhōngtóu le.
He spoke with his girlfriend for two hours.
d. ៥ㄝᓳᓳᏆ㒣ㄝњञϾᇣᯊњDŽ
៥ㄝᓳᓳᏆ㍧ㄝњञ‫ן‬ᇣᰖњDŽ
Wǒ děng dìdi yǐjing děng le bàn gè xiǎoshí le.
I’ve already been waiting for my younger brother for half an hour.
e. ҪᏆ㒣೼Ё೑ԣњϸᑈњDŽ
ҪᏆ㍧೼Ё೟ԣњܽᑈњDŽ
Tā yǐjing zài Zhōngguó zhù le liǎng nián le.
He has already lived in China for two years.
f. ҪᬭкᬭњकᑈњDŽ
Ҫᬭ᳌ᬭњकᑈњDŽ
Tā jiāo shū jiāo le shí nián le.
He has taught for ten years.
➪ 39.1.2
4 The following sentences all indicate ongoing actions. Translate them into
English.
a. ཛྷཛྷ೼‫خ‬佁ਸ਼DŽ
႑႑೼‫خ‬仃ਸ਼DŽ
Māma zài zuò fàn ne.
b. Դⳟʽ݀ು䞠᳝ᕜ໮Ҏ೼䏇㟲ਸ਼DŽ
Դⳟʽ݀೦㺣᳝ᕜ໮Ҏ೼䏇㟲ਸ਼DŽ
Nǐ kàn! Gōng yuán lǐ yǒu hěn duō rén zài tiào wǔ ne.
c. 䇋Դ೼䖭‫ܓ‬ㄝⴔ៥DŽ
䂟Դ೼䗭‫ܦ‬ㄝ㨫៥DŽ
Qǐng nǐ zài zhèr děngzhe wǒ.
d. Դᄽᄤ䖬೼㕢೑ᄺд৫˛
Դᄽᄤ䙘೼㕢೟ᅌ㖦஢˛
Nǐ háizi hái zài Měiguó xuéxí ma?
e. ཌྷࠄ⦄೼䖬≵᳝㒧ီਸ਼DŽ
ཌྷࠄ⧒೼䙘≦᳝㌤ီਸ਼DŽ
Tā dào xiànzài hái méi yǒu jiéhūn ne.
➪ 17.2, 39.2.1

147
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

5 These sentences all describe situations in which an action occurs at the same
time as a background event. Translate them into English.
a. ៥Ӏ୰⃶ୱⴔ㤊䇜䆱DŽ
៥‫ץ‬୰ℵୱ㨫㤊䂛䁅DŽ
Wǒmen xǐhuan hēzhe chá tán huà.
b. ᄺ⫳୰⃶਀ⴔ䷇Ф‫ࡳخ‬䇒DŽ
ᅌ⫳୰ℵ㙑㨫䷇ῖ‫ࡳخ‬䂆DŽ
Xuésheng xǐhuan tīngzhe yīnyuè zuò gōngkè.
c. Դϡৃҹৗⴔϰ㽓ᓔ䔺DŽ
Դϡৃҹৗ㨫ᵅ㽓䭟䒞DŽ
Nǐ bù kéyǐ chīzhe dōngxi kāi chē.
d. ៥ϡ㽕Դⳟⴔ᡹ৗᮽ佁DŽ
៥ϡ㽕Դⳟ㨫ฅৗᮽ仃DŽ
Wǒ bù yào nǐ kànzhe bào chī zǎofàn.
➪ 17.2.4, 39.3
6 In complete Mandarin sentences, describe how often ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng has done
each of the following activities.
Example: read that book – two times - 䙷ᴀкཌྷᏆ㒣ⳟ䖛ϸ⃵DŽ
䙷ᴀ᳌ཌྷᏆ㍧ⳟ䘢ܽ⃵DŽ
Nà běn shū tā yǐjing kàn
guò liǎng cì.
a. ridden in an airplane [ത亲ᴎ/ത亯″ zuò fēijī] – five times
b. eaten Japanese food [ৗ᮹ᴀ佁/ৗ᮹ᴀ仃 chī Rìběnfàn] – two times
c. gone to Paris [এᏈ咢 qù Bālí] – one time
d. sang karaoke [ଅवᢝ OK chàng kǎlā OK] – three times
e. ridden on a motorcycle [健ᨽᠬ䔺/俢ᨽᠬ䒞 qí mótuōchē] – four times
f. seen Chinese movies [ⳟЁ೑⬉ᕅ/ⳟЁ೟䳏ᕅ kàn Zhōngguó diànyǐng] –
six times
➪ 39.4
7 ᆊᯢ Jiā Míng’s parents have sent him to a strict boarding school this year. Today
is the first time he has had the opportunity to hang out with his old friends. Use
the following information to complete ᆊᯢ Jiā Míng’s complaints about the
rigid schedule and rules in his new school.
Daily schedule: House Rules:
6:30 wake up 2 hours of television per week
6:40 –7:00 morning run 2 outings per month

148
Talking about duration and frequency

8:00 –5:00 classes (1 hour lunch break)

6:30 –10:00 homework/study
10:00 –10:30 free choice (5-minute shower time)
10:30 lights out / bed time

៥Ӏ↣໽ (a)_____________ ህᕫ䍋ᑞˈ‫( ܜ‬b)_____________ˈҢܿ⚍ᓔྟϞ䇒ˈ

㽕Ϟ (c)_____________DŽ↣໽ᰮϞ㽕‫( خ‬d)_____________(homework)ˈ⋫╵াৃҹ
(e)_____________DŽक⚍ϞᑞDŽϡৃҹ (f )_____________(sleep with the lights on)DŽ㗕Ꮬ䛑

ᕜϹˈབᵰᖬњᏺϰ㽓ˈህ (g)_____________(remain standing for the entire class)DŽϔϾ᯳ᳳ

া㛑 (h)_____________(TV)ˈϔϾ᳜া㛑 (i) _____________DŽ៥≵᳝㞾Ꮕⱘᯊ䯈ˈ
Ꮖ㒣 (j)_____________(haven’t played video games for 3 weeks: ᠧ⬉ࡼ␌៣)DŽ
៥‫↣ץ‬໽ (a)_____________ ህᕫ䍋ᑞˈ‫( ܜ‬b)_____________ˈᕲܿ咲䭟ྟϞ䂆ˈ
㽕Ϟ (c)_____________DŽ↣໽ᰮϞ㽕‫( خ‬d)_____________(homework)ˈ⋫╵াৃҹ
(e)_____________DŽक咲ϞᑞDŽϡৃҹ (f)_____________(sleep with the lights on)DŽ㗕᏿䛑

ᕜಈˈབᵰᖬњᐊᵅ㽓ˈህ (g)_____________(remain standing for the entire class)DŽϔ‫ן‬᯳ᳳ

া㛑 (h)_____________(TV)ˈϔ‫ן‬᳜া㛑 (i)_____________DŽ៥≦᳝㞾Ꮕⱘᰖ䭧ˈ
Ꮖ㍧ (j)_____________(haven’t played video games for 3 weeks: ᠧ䳏ࢩ䘞᠆)DŽ
Wǒmen měitiān (a)_____________ jiù děi qǐchuáng, xiān (b)_____________, cóng
bā diǎn kāishǐ shàng kè, yào shàng (c)_____________. Měitiān wǎnshang yào zuò
(d) _____________(homework), Xǐzǎo zhǐ kěyǐ (e)_____________. Shí diǎn shàng chuáng.
Bù kěyǐ (f )_____________(sleep with the lights on). Lǎoshī dōu hěn yán, rúguǒ wàng le
dài dōngxi, jiù (g)_____________(remain standing for the entire class). Yī ge xīngqī zhǐ néng
(h) _____________(TV). Yī ge yuè zhǐ néng (i)_____________, Wǒ méi yǒu zìjǐ de shíjiān,
yǐjīng (j)_____________(haven’t played video games for 3 weeks: dǎ diàndòng yóuxì).

149
40
Expressing additional
information
1 Insert г yě ‘also’ in the appropriate place in each of the following sentences and
then translate the sentences into English.
Example: ཌྷ୰⃶ୱ੪ଵDŽཌྷ୰⃶ୱ㤊DŽ
ཌྷ୰ℵୱ੪ଵDŽཌྷ୰ℵୱ㤊DŽ
Tā xǐhuan hē kāfēi. Tā xǐhuan hē chá.
-
ཌྷ୰⃶ୱ੪ଵг୰⃶ୱ㤊DŽ
ཌྷ୰ℵୱ੪ଵг୰ℵୱ㤊DŽ
Tā xǐhuan hē kāfēi yě xǐhuan hē chá.
She likes to drink coffee. She also likes to drink tea.
a. ៥䖭ᄺᳳ䗝њЁ᭛䗝њ᮹᭛DŽ
៥䗭ᅌᳳ䙌њЁ᭛䙌њ᮹᭛DŽ
Wǒ zhè xuéqī xuǎn le Zhōngwén xuǎn le Rìwén.
b. Ҫ୰⃶ৗ㕢೑佁୰⃶ৗ⋄೑佁DŽ
Ҫ୰ℵৗ㕢೟仃୰ℵৗ⋄೟仃DŽ
Tā xǐhuan chī Měiguó fàn xǐhuan chī Tàiguó fàn.
c. ᓴᇣ㣅ᕜⓖ҂ᕜ㘾ᯢDŽ
ᔉᇣ㣅ᕜⓖ҂ᕜ㙄ᯢDŽ
Zhāng Xiǎoyīng hěn piàoliang hěn cōngming.
d. ᵫӳᄺᰃᄺ⫳DŽ૤⥿⦆ᰃᄺ⫳DŽ
ᵫ‫؝‬ᅌᰃᅌ⫳DŽ૤⥿⦆ᰃᅌ⫳DŽ
Lín Wěixué shì xuésheng. Táng Méilíng shì xuésheng.
e. ៥㒭ᓳᓳᠧњ⬉䆱DŽ៥㒭ྍྍᠧњ⬉䆱DŽ
៥㌺ᓳᓳᠧњ䳏䁅DŽ៥㌺ྍྍᠧњ䳏䁅DŽ
Wǒ gěi dìdi dǎ le diànhuà. Wǒ gěi mèimei dǎ le diànhuà.

150 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-42

Expressing additional information

f. ៥୰⃶ୱ੪ଵˈ୰⃶ୱ㤊DŽ
៥୰ℵୱ੪ଵˈ୰ℵୱ㤊DŽ
Wǒ xǐhuan hē kāfēi, xǐhuan hē chá.
➪ 40.1
2 Rewrite each of the following sentences, adding the expression in parentheses.
Translate your sentences into English.
a. 䖭ᴀᄫ‫݌‬䗕㒭ԴDŽ៥᳝ϔᴀDŽ 䖬
䗭ᴀᄫ‫݌‬䗕㌺ԴDŽ៥᳝ϔᴀDŽ 䙘
Zhè běn zìdiǎn sònggěi nǐ. Wǒ yǒu yīběn. (hái)
b. Դ᳝ҔМџᚙ㽕ਞ䆝៥৫˛ 䖬
Դ᳝⫮咑џᚙ㽕ਞ䀈៥஢˛ 䙘
Nǐ yǒu shénme shìqing yào gàosu wǒ ma? (hái)
c. ᇍϡ䍋DŽ៥ϡពԴⱘᛣᗱDŽ 䖬
ᇡϡ䍋DŽ៥ϡពԴⱘᛣᗱDŽ 䙘
Duìbuqǐ. Wǒ bù dǒng nǐ de yìsi. (hái)
d. Դ᳝໮ᇥ䪅˛ 䖬
Դ᳝໮ᇥ䣶˛ 䙘
Nǐ yǒu duōshao qián? (hái)
e. ᄺЁ᭛᳝ᛣᗱˈৃҹᡒࠄདⱘᎹ԰DŽ ϡԚĂᑊϨ
ᅌЁ᭛᳝ᛣᗱˈৃҹᡒࠄདⱘᎹ԰DŽ ϡԚĂᑋϨ
Xué Zhōngwén yǒu yìsi, kěyǐ zhǎodào hǎo de gōngzuò.
(bùdàn . . . bìngqiě)
f. ྍྍˈ៥Ӏ䛑୰⃶ৗЁ೑佁DŽ 䰸њĂҹ໪
ྍྍˈ៥‫ץ‬䛑୰ℵৗЁ೟仃DŽ 䰸њĂҹ໪
Mèimei, wǒmen dōu xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó fàn. (chúle . . . yǐwài)
g. 䙷Ͼᮙ佚ᑆ‫֓ޔ‬ᅰDŽ জĂজ [ᑆ‫ޔ‬/ђ⎼ clean]
䙷‫ן‬ᮙ仼ђ⎼֓ᅰDŽ জĂজ [֓ᅰ cheap]
Nàge lǚguǎn gānjìng piányi. (yòu . . . yòu)
h. ཛྷཛྷϞ⧁ˈᕫ✻乒ᄽᄤDŽ ϡԚĂ㗠Ϩ [Ϟ⧁ go to work]
႑႑Ϟ⧁ˈᕫ✻主ᄽᄤDŽ ϡԚĂ㗠Ϩ [✻乒/✻主 take care of ]
Māma shàng bān, děi zhàogù háizi. (bùdàn . . . érqiě)
➪ 40

3 催㭒 Gāo Lěi has asked one of her professors to write her a letter of
recommendation. Here are the professor’s notes. Use them to write the letter in
Mandarin. Incorporate the parenthesized expressions in each line.
a. smart and hardworking [জ yòu]
b. very reliable [ᑋϨϺϨ bìngqiě]

151
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

c. prepares course work carefully, does well on tests [ࡳ䇒/ࡳ䂆 gōngkè course
work, ‫ޚ‬໛/⑪‫ ٭‬zhǔnbèi prepare, Ҩ㒚/Ҩ㌄ zǐxì carefully]
[ϡԚ bùdàn . . . 㗠Ϩ érqiě]
d. active in student organizations [ᄺ⫳㒘㒛/ᅌ⫳㌘㐨 xuéshēng zǔzhī
student organizations, ⿃ᵕߚᄤ/〡Ὁߚᄤ jījí fènzi activist] [䖬/䙘 hái]
e. good student, attends many extracurricular activities [䇒໪⌏ࡼ/䂆໪⌏ࢩ
kè wài huódòng extracurricular activities] [䰸њ chúle . . . ҹ໪ yǐwài]
f. very willing to help others [㗠Ϩ érqiě]
g. language ability strong, speaks English well [‫ݡ‬䇈/‫ݡ‬䁾 zài shuō]
➪ 40
4 Millie is going away for six months and wants to sublet her apartment.
Use her English notes to write an appealing advertisement in Mandarin
incorporating these expressions.
জĂজ ϡԚĂ㗠Ϩ 䰸њĂҹ໪
yòu . . . yòu . . . bùdàn . . . érqiě . . . chúle . . . yǐwài . . .

Apartment for rent. 1 BR/1 bath. Big and clean. Furniture included (newly
purchased). Close to subway station. Walking distance to restaurants and
stores. $2000/mo. Water and utilities included, plus cable TV. Interested?
Contact Millie (987) 654-3321 / [email protected]

᠓ሟߎ⾳DŽϔ᠓ϔख़ˈ_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ᛣ㗙䇋⌑ Millie (987) 654-3321 / [email protected]

᠓ሟߎ⾳DŽϔ᠓ϔᓇˈ_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ᛣ㗙䂟⌑ Millie (987) 654-3321 / [email protected]
Fángwū chūzū. Yī fang yī tīng, _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Yìzhě qǐng qià Millie (987) 654-3321 / [email protected]

152
41
Expressing contrast
1 ⥟ББ/⥟呫呫 Wáng Lìlì is deciding whether or not to go out with ᓴӳ/ᔉ‫؝‬
Zhāng Wěi and has made a list of his positive and negative qualities. Write up
her list in complete Mandarin sentences using contrast connectors to link
the pros and the cons.
Positive qualities Negative qualities
a. Ꮩ/ᏹ shuài [handsome] ϡ催 bù gāo
b. 㘾ᯢ/㙄ᯢ cōngming [smart] ឦ/៊ lǎn [lazy]
c. ᳝䪅/᳝䣶 yǒu qián ᇣ⇨/ᇣ⇷ xiǎoqi [stingy]
d. ᳝䔺/᳝䒞 ᓔ䔺ᓔᕫ໾ᖿ/䭟䒞䭟ᕫ໾ᖿ
yǒu chē kāi chē kāi de tài kuài
e. Ӯ䇈໪䇁/᳗䁾໪䁲 ϡ୰⃶ᮙ␌/ϡ୰ℵᮙ␌
huì shuō wàiyǔ bù xǐhuan lǚyóu
[ᮙ␌ lǚyóu to travel]
f. ໻ᄺ↩Ϯњ/໻ᅌ⬶ὁњ ≵᳝Ꮉ԰
dàxué bì yè le méi yǒu gōngzuò
[↩Ϯ/⬶ὁ bì yè to graduate]
➪ 41.1

2 ᓴӳ/ᔉ‫ ؝‬Zhāng Wěi is giving a campus tour and is explaining some of the
college rules. Translate them into Mandarin, using a contrast connector in each
sentence.
Example: You can send email but not faxes.
-
Դৃҹথ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊৃᰃϡৃҹথӴⳳDŽ
Դৃҹⱐ䳏ᄤ䛉ӊৃᰃϡৃҹⱐ‫ⳳڇ‬DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ fā diànzǐ yóujiàn kěshì bù kěyǐ fā chuánzhēn.
a. You can eat in the dorm but you can’t cook there.
b. You can drink coffee in the study hall but you can’t eat food there.
c. You can have a party in the dorm but you can’t drink alcohol.
d. You can use a microwave in your room but you can’t use a toaster oven.

153 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-43

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

e. You can wear sneakers/trainers in the gym but you can’t wear boots.
f. You can use a calculator during a test but you can’t use a computer.
g. You can hang pictures on the bulletin board but not on the wall.
h. You can borrow books from the library but you can’t borrow dictionaries.
i. You can bring a cell phone to class but you must turn it off.
➪ 41.1
3 Link each pair of clauses using 㱑✊/䲪✊ suīrán . . . ৃᰃ kěshì [or 㱑✊/䲪✊
suīrán . . . Ԛᰃ dànshì] to make the contrast clear. Translate each sentence into
English.
Example: 䙷Ͼᄽᄤ䖬ᕜᇣDŽҪᏆ㒣ពџњDŽ
䙷‫ן‬ᄽᄤ䙘ᕜᇣDŽҪᏆ㍧ពџњDŽ
Nàge háizi hái hěn xiǎo. Tā yǐjing dǒng shì le.
-
䙷Ͼᄽᄤ㱑✊䖬ᕜᇣৃᰃҪᏆ㒣ពџњDŽ
䙷‫ן‬ᄽᄤ䲪✊䙘ᕜᇣৃᰃҪᏆ㍧ពџњDŽ
Nàge háizi suīrán hái hěn xiǎo kěshì tā yǐjing dǒng shì le.
Although that child is still young he is already very sensible.
a. Ё᭛ᕜ䲒ᄺDŽᕜ᳝⫼DŽ
Ё᭛ᕜ䲷ᅌDŽᕜ᳝⫼DŽ
Zhōngwén hěn nán xué. Hěn yǒu yòng.
b. ҪᰃЁ೑ҎDŽҪ≵এ䖛Ё೑DŽ
ҪᰃЁ೟ҎDŽҪ≦এ䘢Ё೟DŽ
Tā shì Zhōngguórén. Tā méi qùguo Zhōngguó.
c. ៥ᛇএDŽ≵ᯊ䯈DŽ
៥ᛇএDŽ≦ᰖ䭧DŽ
Wǒ xiǎng qù. Méi shíjiān.
d. Ҟ໽≵ϟ䲾DŽ䴲ᐌ‫ދ‬DŽ
Jīntiān méi xià xuě. Fēicháng lěng.
e. Ҟ໽㗗䆩ˈৠᄺӀ䛑ࠄњDŽ㗕Ꮬ䖬≵ᴹDŽ
Ҟ໽㗗䀺ˈৠᅌ‫ץ‬䛑ࠄњDŽ㗕᏿䙘≦՚DŽ
Jīntiān kǎoshì, tóngxuémen dōu dào le. Lǎoshī hái méi lái.
f. ҪఈϞϡ䇈DŽᖗ䞠ᕜϡ催݈DŽ[ఈ zuǐ mouth]
ҪఈϞϡ䁾DŽᖗ㺣ᕜϡ催㟜DŽ
Tā zuǐ shàng bù shuō. Xīnlǐ hěn bù gāoxìng.
g. ཌྷᰃЁ೑ҎDŽཌྷϡ୰⃶ৗЁ೑佁DŽ
ཌྷᰃЁ೟ҎDŽཌྷϡ୰ℵৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Tā shì Zhōngguó rén. Tā bù xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó fàn.

154
Expressing contrast

h. ᄺЁ᭛ᕜ㢅ᯊ䯈DŽ៥ᕜ୰⃶ᄺDŽ
ᅌЁ᭛ᕜ㢅ᰖ䭧DŽ៥ᕜ୰ℵᅌDŽ
Xué Zhōngwén hěn huā shíjiān. Wǒ hěn xǐhuan xué.
➪ 41.1
4 Add the contrast connector ै/ॏ què to the sentences you created in (3).
➪ 41.3.1
5 ᇣ㢀 Xiǎo Fēn and ᇣ㢇 Xiǎo Fāng are twins. Many people mix them up, but ᇣ
㢀 Xiǎo Fēn thinks they are nothing alike! To prove her point, ᇣ㢀 Xiǎo Fēn has
put together a list of their differences. Based on her list, complete the sentences
using 㗠 ér, following the example.

ᇣ㢀Xiǎo Fēn ᇣ㢇Xiǎo Fāng

Hobby jogging watching movies
Eyes bigger smaller
Driving yes no
Favorite color to wear blue red
Foreign languages three only one

Example: ᇣ㢀୰⃶䎥ℹˈ㗠ᇣ㢇୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
ᇣ㢀୰ℵ䎥ℹˈ㗠ᇣ㢇୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Xiǎo Fēn xǐhuān pǎobù, ér Xiǎo Fāng xīhuān kàn diànyǐng.
Xiao Fen likes jogging and Xiao Fang likes watching movies.

a. ᇣ㢀ⱘⴐ⴯↨䕗໻ˈ__________________________________________________DŽ
ᇣ㢀ⱘⴐ⴯↨䓗໻ˈ__________________________________________________DŽ
Xiǎo Fēn de yǎnjīng bǐjiào dà, _________________________________________.

b. __________________________________ˈ㗠ᇣ㢇ϡӮDŽ
__________________________________ˈ㗠ᇣ㢇ϡ᳗DŽ
__________________________________, ér Xiǎo Fāng bù huì.

c. ᇣ㢀୰⃶こ___________________________________________________________DŽ
ᇣ㢀୰ℵこ __________________________________________________________DŽ
Xiǎo Fēn xǐhuān chuān _______________________________________________.

d. ᇣ㢀Ӯ䇈ϝ⾡໪䇁ˈBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBDŽ
ᇣ㢀᳗䁾ϝ。໪䁲ˈBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBDŽ
Xiǎo Fēn huì shuō sān zhǒng wàiyǔ, ___________________________________.
➪ 41.2

155
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

6 Add ড䖛ᴹ/ড䘢՚ fǎnguòlái or ড㗠 fǎn’ér to each sentence to best reflect the

type of contrast involved.
a. 䲒ⱘ∝ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᇍњDŽᆍᯧⱘ‫ݭ‬䫭њDŽ
䲷ⱘ⓶ᄫᆿᇡњDŽᆍᯧⱘᆿ䤃њDŽ
Nán de Hàn zì xiěduì le. Róngyì de xiěcuò le.
The difficult Chinese characters are written correctly. The easy ones are
written incorrectly.
b. 䅸ⳳⱘᄺ⫳໻ᆊ䛑୰⃶DŽϡ䅸ⳳⱘᄺ⫳໻ᆊ䛑ϡ୰⃶DŽ
䁡ⳳⱘᅌ⫳໻ᆊ䛑୰ℵDŽϡ䁡ⳳⱘᅌ⫳໻ᆊ䛑ϡ୰ℵDŽ
Rènzhēn de xuésheng dàjiā dōu xǐhuan. Bù rènzhēn de xuésheng dàjiā
dōu bù xǐhuan.
Everyone likes conscientious students. No one likes students who are not
conscientious.
c. ໽⇨⛁ҎӀこⱘ㸷᳡ህᇥDŽ໽⇨‫ދ‬ҎӀこⱘ㸷᳡ህ໮DŽ
໽⇷➅Ҏ‫ץ‬こⱘ㸷᳡ህᇥDŽ໽⇷‫ދ‬Ҏ‫ץ‬こⱘ㸷᳡ህ໮DŽ
Tiānqì rè rénmen chuān de yīfu jiù shǎo. Tiānqì lěng rénmen chuān de
yīfu jiù duō.
When it is hot, people wear less clothing. When it is cold, people wear more
clothing.
d. ϟ᯳ᳳ㽕Ѹⱘ᡹ਞҪᏆ㒣‫ݭ‬དњDŽᯢ໽ⱘ㗗䆩ᖬњ‫ޚ‬໛њDŽ
ϟ᯳ᳳ㽕ѸⱘฅਞҪᏆ㍧ᆿདњDŽᯢ໽ⱘ㗗䀺ᖬњ⑪‫٭‬њDŽ
Xià xīngqī yào jiāo de bàogào tā yǐjing xiěhǎole. Míngtiān de kǎoshì
wàng le zhǔnbèi le.
He has already finished writing the report he has to hand in next week.
He forgot to prepare for tomorrow’s exam.
e. Ё᭛ϡᆍᯧᄺDŽཌྷᄺᕫᕜདDŽ
Ё᭛ϡᆍᯧᅌDŽཌྷᅌᕫᕜདDŽ
Zhōngwén bù róngyì xué. Tā xué de hěn hǎo.
Chinese is not easy to learn. She is learning it well.
f. ᆍᯧⱘ䇒䗝ⱘᄺ⫳໮DŽ䲒ⱘ䇒䗝ⱘᄺ⫳ᇥDŽ
ᆍᯧⱘ䂆䙌ⱘᅌ⫳໮DŽ䲷ⱘ䂆䙌ⱘᅌ⫳ᇥDŽ
Róng yì de kè xuǎn de xuésheng duō. Nán de kè xuǎn de xuésheng shǎo.
A lot of students select the easy classes. Few students select the hard classes.
➪ 41.3.2
7 Your friend is telling you about her shopping experience. Use the pattern AV
(adjectival verb) ᰃ shì AV or SV (stative verb) ᰃ shì SV to express her comments
in complete Mandarin sentences.

156
Expressing contrast

Example: The movie was okay but it was too long.

-
䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅདᰃདৃᰃ໾䭓DŽ
䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅདᰃདৃᰃ໾䭋DŽ
Nàge diànyǐng hǎo shì hǎo kěshì tài cháng.
a. The shoes [䵟ᄤ xiézi] were okay but they were too expensive.
b. The sweater [↯㸷 máoyī] was pretty but it was too small.
c. The prices [Ӌ䪅/‫ۍ‬䣶 jiàqian] were good but the goods [䋻/䉼 huò]
were inferior [Ꮒ chà].
d. The size is appropriate [໻ᇣ dàxiǎo – ড়䗖/ড়䘽 héshì] but the color is too
pale [买㡆/丨㡆 yánsè – ⎵ dàn].
e. The department store [ⱒ䋻݀ৌ/ⱒ䉼݀ৌ bǎihuò gōngsī] was big but
there were too many people.
➪ 41.4
8 Select the correct response in each conversation based on the context.
a. Two friends are shopping. 㕢㕢 is trying out a new skirt.
㕢㕢˖Դ㾝ᕫ䖭ᴵ㺭ᄤᗢМḋ˛
㕢㕢˖Դ㾎ᕫ䗭ṱ㺭ᄤᗢ咐ῷ˛
Měiměi: Nǐ juéde zhè tiáo qúnzi zěnmeyang?
⦆⦆˖ԴᴀҎᕜ⯺ˈৃᰃ䗭ᴵ㺭ᄤⱘ㢅㡆ϡདˈড㗠䅽Դⳟ䍋ᴹ ___________DŽ
⦆⦆˖ԴᴀҎᕜ⯺ˈৃᰃ䗭ṱ㺭ᄤⱘ㢅㡆ϡདˈড㗠䅧Դⳟ䍋՚ ___________DŽ
Línglíng: Nǐ běnrén hěn shòu, kěshì zhè tiáo qúnzi de huāsè bù hǎo,
fǎn’ér rang nǐ kànqǐlái ________________.
i. ᳈⯺ gèng shòu
ii. ᳝⚍㚪/᳝咲㚪 yǒu diǎn pàng
iii. ⡍߿ⷂ tèbié ǎi
b. Mrs. Wang is trying to talk her son ⥟ᵄ out of taking a part-time job.
⥟ᵄ˖䖭ϾᎹ԰㭾∈ᕜ催ਸ਼ʽ
⥟٥˖䗭‫ן‬Ꮉ԰㭾∈ᕜ催ਸ਼ʽ
Wáng Jié: Zhège gōngzuò xīnshuǐ hěn gāo ne!
⥟໾໾˖㭾∈催ᰃ催ˈৃᰃ ________________DŽ
Wáng Tàitai: Xīnshui gāo shì gāo, kěshì ________________.
i. ៥ЎԴ催݈ / ៥⚎Դ催㟜 wǒ wèi nǐ gāoxìng
ii. ៥㾝ᕫ໾ॅ䰽њ / ៥㾎ᕫ໾ॅ䱾њ wǒ juéde tài wéixiǎn le
iii. ҔМᯊ‫׭‬ᓔྟϞ⧁˛/ ⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬䭟ྟϞ⧁˛shénme shíhou kāishǐ
shàng bān?

157
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

c. Mr. and Mrs. Hu are looking for a new apartment.

㚵‫˖⫳ܜ‬៥㾝ᕫ䖭Ͼ᠓ᄤ᳝⚍ᇣDŽ
㚵‫˖⫳ܜ‬៥㾎ᕫ䗭‫ן‬᠓ᄤ᳝咲ᇣDŽ
Hú xiānsheng: Wǒ juéde zhè ge fángzi yǒu diǎn xiǎo.
㚵໾໾˖ⱘ⹂ᰃᇣњϔ⚍ˈϡ䖛 ________________DŽ
㚵໾໾˖ⱘ⺎ᰃᇣњϔ咲ˈϡ䘢 ________________DŽ
Hú tàitai: Díquè shì xiǎo le yī diǎn, bùguò, ________________.
i. ៥Ӏᑨ䆹ᡒ໻ϔ⚍ⱘDŽ/ ៥‫ץ‬ឝ䁆ᡒ໻ϔ咲ⱘDŽWǒmen yīnggāi zhǎo
dà yī diǎn de
ii. ഄ⚍гϡড়䗖DŽ/ ഄ咲гϡড়䘽DŽdìdiǎn yě bù héshì
iii. Ӌ䪅‫צ‬ᰃᕜড়⧚DŽ/ ‫ۍ‬䣶‫צ‬ᰃᕜড়⧚DŽjiàqián dǎoshì hěn hélǐ

158
42
Expressing sequence
1 Put the Mandarin phrases in the right order to describe each of the things that
ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng did before she went to class.
a. ཌྷҹࠡϞ䇒ᮽ佁ৗњDŽ
ཌྷҹࠡϞ䂆ᮽ仃ৗњDŽ
Tā yǐqián shàng kè zǎofàn chī le.
Before she went to class she ate breakfast.
b. ҹࠡཌྷϞ䇒њⳟ᡹㒌DŽ
ҹࠡཌྷϞ䂆њⳟฅ㋭DŽ
Yǐqián tā shàng kè le kàn bàozhǐ.
Before she went to class she read the newspaper.
c. ཌྷϞ䇒њ໡дЁ᭛ҹࠡDŽ[໡д/ᕽ㖦 fùxí to review]
ཌྷϞ䂆њᕽ㖦Ё᭛ҹࠡDŽ
Tā shàng kè le fùxí Zhōngwén yǐqián.
Before she went to class she reviewed Chinese.
d. ਀њ䷇ФཌྷϞ䇒ҹࠡDŽ
㙑њ䷇ῖཌྷϞ䂆ҹࠡDŽ
Tīng le yīnyuè tā shàng kè yǐqián.
Before she went to class she listened to music.
e. ҹࠡϞ䇒䎥ℹњཌྷ೼݀ು䞠DŽ[䎥ℹ pǎo bù to jog]
ҹࠡϞ䂆䎥ℹњཌྷ೼݀೦㺣DŽ
Yǐqián shàng kè pǎo bù le tā zài gōng yuán lǐ.
Before she went to class she jogged in the park.
➪ 42.1
2 Write complete sentences using ҹࠡ yǐqián ‘before’ to describe each of the
things that ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng does before she goes to sleep every night.
Example: brushes teeth - ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾝ҹࠡࠋ⠭DŽ
ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾎ҹࠡࠋ⠭DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng shuì jiào yǐqián shuā yá.

159 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-44

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Before going to sleep:

a. does homework
b. watches television
c. calls a friend on the phone
d. bathes
e. reads email
➪ 42.1
3 Write complete Mandarin sentences using ҹৢ/ҹᕠ yǐhòu and њ le to describe
what ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng plans to do after taking her test.
Example: eat icecream - ᇣ⥟㗗њЁ᭛ҹৢᛇৗ‫⎟⎛ބ‬DŽ
ᇣ⥟㗗њЁ᭛ҹᕠᛇৗ‫⎟⎛ބ‬DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng kǎo le Zhōngwén yǐhòu xiǎng
chī bīngqilín.
a. watch a movie
b. drink coffee
c. sleep
d. study with friends
e. play tennis [ᠧ㔥⧗/ᠧ㎆⧗ dǎ wǎngqiú]
➪ 42.2
4 Write complete Mandarin sentences using ҹৢ/ҹᕠ yǐhòu, ህ jiù, and њ le to
describe what each of the following people say they will do after they graduate.
Example: ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng: - ᇣ⥟↩њϮҹৢህᄺ⊩᭛DŽ
study French ᇣ⥟⬶њὁҹᕠህᅌ⊩᭛DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng bì le yè yǐhòu jiù xué Fǎwén.
a. ⥟吣亲/⥟區亯 Wáng Péngfēi: travel
b. ᓴ㣍/ᔉ㯟 Zhāng Píng: look for a job
c. 䰜⥿⦆/䱇⥿⦆ Chén Méilíng: get married
d. ᕤЗᒋ Xú Nǎikāng: attend graduate school
➪ 42.2
5 Translate these sentences into English, capturing the meaning contributed by ᠡ
cái in each sentence.
a. ៥᯼໽ᰮϞकϔ⚍ञᠡⴵ㾝DŽ
៥᯼໽ᰮϞकϔ咲ञᠡⴵ㾎DŽ
Wǒ zuótiān wǎnshang shíyī diǎn bàn cái shuì jiào.
b. 㗗䆩ᓔྟҹৢҪᠡᴹDŽ
㗗䀺䭟ྟҹᕠҪᠡ՚DŽ
Kǎoshì kāishǐ yǐhòu tā cái lái.

160
Expressing sequence

c. ៥Ӏ㄀Ѡᄺᳳᠡᓔྟᄺ‫∝ݭ‬ᄫDŽ
៥‫ץ‬㄀Ѡᅌᳳᠡ䭟ྟᅌᆿ⓶ᄫDŽ
Wǒmen dì èr xuéqī cái kāishǐ xué xiě Hàn zì.
d. ᯼໽ᰮϞҪⳟᅠ⬉ᕅᠡ԰ࡳ䇒DŽ
᯼໽ᰮϞҪⳟᅠ䳏ᕅᠡ԰ࡳ䂆DŽ
Zuótiān wǎnshang tā kànwán diànyǐng cái zuò gōngkè.
e. ϸ⚍Ϟ䇒ˈৃᰃ㗕Ꮬϸ⚍कߚᠡᴹDŽ
ܽ咲Ϟ䂆ˈৃᰃ㗕᏿ܽ咲कߚᠡ՚DŽ
Liǎng diǎn shàng kè, kěshì lǎoshī liǎng diǎn shí fēn cái lái.
➪ 42.2.2.2
6 Use ‫ ܜ‬xiān . . . ‫ ݡ‬zài to describe 䰜⥿⦆/䱇⥿⦆ Chén Méilíng’s plan.
Example: get up . . . - 䰜⥿⦆‫ܜ‬䍋ᑞ‫╵⋫ݡ‬DŽ
take a shower 䱇⥿⦆‫ܜ‬䍋ᑞ‫╵⋫ݡ‬DŽ
Chén Méilíng xiān qǐ chuáng zài xǐ zǎo.
a. eat breakfast . . . read a newspaper
b. read the newspaper . . . go to class
c. return home . . . do homework
d. do homework . . . practice tennis
e. eat dinner . . . see friends
➪ 42.3.1
7 For each sentence below, fill in the blank(s) with the correct word(s) (ҹࠡ yǐqián
before, ҹৢ/ᕠ yǐhòu after, ‫ ܜ‬xiān . . . ‫ ݡ‬zài first . . . then, ᠡ cái
only then, or ህ jiù as soon as) so that the meaning of the Mandarin sentence
corresponds to that of the English sentence.
a. ϟ䇒 ________ˈԴ㽕԰ҔМ˛
ϟ䂆 ________ˈԴ㽕԰⫮咑˛
Xià kè ________, nǐ yào zuò shénme?
What are you going to do after class?
b. ៥Ӏⳟњ⬉ᕅ ________ˈ________ এ䏇㟲DŽ
៥‫ⳟץ‬њ䳏ᕅ ________ˈ________ এ䏇㟲DŽ
Wǒmen kàn le diànyǐng ________, ________ qù tiào wǔ.
We are going to go dancing after we watch the movie.
c. ᄺ⫳Ϟ䇒 ________ ᕫ乘໛ࡳ䇒DŽ
ᅌ⫳Ϟ䂆 ________ ᕫ䷤‫ࡳ٭‬䂆DŽ
Xuéshēng shàng kè ________ děi yùbèi gōngkè.
Students have to prepare lessons before they go to class.

161
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

d. ៥Ӯ䇈Ё᭛ ________ ________ এЁ೑ᮙ␌DŽ

៥᳗䁾Ё᭛ ________ ________ এЁ೟ᮙ␌DŽ
Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén ________ ________ qù Zhōngguó lǚyóu.
I will go to China to travel only after I can speak Chinese.
e. Դᕫ ________ ф⼼ ________ Ϟ݀݅≑䔺DŽ
Դᕫ ________ 䊋⼼ ________ Ϟ݀݅≑䒞DŽ
Nǐ děi ________ mǎi piào ________ shàng gōnggòng qìchē.
You have to buy a ticket first before you get on the bus.
f. ៥ϔӮ䇈Ё᭛ ________ এЁ೑ᮙ␌DŽ
៥ϔ᳗䁾Ё᭛ ________ এЁ೟ᮙ␌DŽ
Wǒ yī huì shuō Zhōngwén ________ qù Zhōngguó lǚyóu.
As soon as I can speak Chinese, I will go to China to travel.
➪ 42
8 The assignment for your Chinese class this week is to write instructions for
making a Chinese dish. Mrs. Liu, your landlady, kindly offers to teach you how
to prepare 㽓㑶ᷓ♦叵㲟/㽓㋙ᷓ♦䲲㲟 xīhóngshì chǎo jīdàn (stir-fried tomatoes
and eggs). As you watch Mrs. Liu cook you take the following notes. Write them
up in paragraph form, using appropriate words and phrases to express the
sequence of each step.

a. ⋫᠟ ⋫᠟ xǐ shǒu wash hands

b. 㽓㑶ᷓߛ⠛ 㽓㋙ᷓߛ⠛ xīhóngshì qiē piàn slice tomatoes
c. ᠧ㲟 (ᠧࠄ ᠧ㲟 (ᠧࠄ dǎ dàn (dǎ dào beat eggs (till
䍋⊵) 䍋⊵) qǐ pào) they bubble)
d. ࡴ⛁⊍䫙 ࡴ➅⊍䤟 jiā rè yóu guō heat wok
e. ‫⊍צ‬ ‫⊍צ‬ dào yóu pour oil
f. ᡞ㲟‫צ‬䖯এ ᡞ㲟‫צ‬䘆এ bǎ dàn dào jìnqù pour eggs
g. 㗏♦ 㗏♦ fān chǎo stir fry
h. 䖬≵᳝ܼ❳ 䙘≦᳝ܼ❳ hái méi yǒu quán shóu take out before
ህᣓߎᴹ ህᣓߎ՚ jiù náchūlái fully cooked
i. ♦㽓㑶ᷓ ♦㽓㋙ᷓ chǎo xīhóngshì stir fry tomatoes
j. ࡴ㊪ ࡴ㊪ jiā táng add sugar
k. ᡞ㲟‫צ‬ಲএ ᡞ㲟‫צ‬ಲএ bǎ dàn dào huíqù put eggs back in
l. ࡴⲤ ࡴ呑 jiā yán add salt
m. 䍋䫙 䍋䤟 qǐ guō take out

162
Expressing sequence

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

➪ 42

163
43
Expressing simultaneous
situations
1 My roommate ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ always does two things at a time. Use the verbs
provided and the pattern ⱘᯊ‫׭‬/ⱘᰖ‫ ׭‬de shíhou to describe him.
Example: ‫ࡳخ‬䇒/‫ࡳخ‬䂆 zuò gōngkè . . . ਀䷇Ф/㙑䷇ῖ tīng yīnyuè
-
ᇣᴢ‫ࡳخ‬䇒ⱘᯊ‫䷇਀ˈ׭‬ФDŽ
ᇣᴢ‫ࡳخ‬䂆ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬㙑䷇ῖDŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zuò gōngkè de shíhòu, tīng yīnyuè.

a. Ϟ䇒/Ϟ䂆 䎳ৠᄺ䇈䆱/䎳ৠᅌ䁾䁅
shàng kè gēn tóngxué shuō huà
b. 䍄䏃 ਀Ё᭛ᔩ䷇/㙑Ё᭛䣘䷇
zǒu lù tīng Zhōngwén lùyīn
c. ᓔ䔺/䭟䒞 ਀᠟ᴎ/㙑᠟″
kāi chē tīng shǒujī
d. ৗ佁/ৗ仃 ⳟ⬉㾚/ⳟ䳏㽪
chī fàn kàn diànshì
e. 䎳᳟ট㘞໽ ୱ䜦
gēn péngyou liáotiān hē jiǔ
f. ⳟ⬉ᕅ/ⳟ䳏ᕅ ৗϰ㽓/ৗᵅ㽓
kàn diànyǐng chī dōngxi
g. ⋫╵ ଅ℠
xǐ zǎo chàng gē
h. 䏇㟲 ଅ℠
tiào wǔ chàng gē
➪ 43.1
2 Translate the following sentences into Mandarin using ⱘᯊ‫׭‬/ⱘᰖ‫ ׭‬de shíhou.
a. I did not like going to school when I was young.
b. It was already 11:00 p.m. when he came back last night.
c. It was raining when he left.

164 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-45

Expressing simultaneous situations

d. Students are not allowed to talk during the exam.

e. It’s better not to use a cell phone while driving.
f. I was on the phone when you came in.
g. Please don’t talk too loud when I am sleeping.
h. I came to know him when I was in Beijing last year.
➪ 43.1
3 Describe ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ (in (1) above), using the pattern
(subject) ϔ䖍/䙞 VP1 ϔ䖍/䙞 VP2
(subject) yībiān VP1 yībiān VP2
Example: ᇣᴢϔ䖍԰ࡳ䇒ˈϔ䖍਀䷇ФDŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞԰ࡳ䂆ˈϔ䙞㙑䷇ῖDŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān zuò gōngkè, yībiān tīng yīnyuè.
➪ 43.2
4 The following is a short passage about my friend. Everything about ᇣᴢ
Xiǎo Lǐ is the opposite of my friend. After reading the passage, write another one
describing ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ using the pattern জ yòu verb1 জ yòu verb2.
៥ⱘ᳟টজ㘾ᯢˈজ⫼ࡳDŽҪ䇈ⱘЁ᭛জᖿজ⏙ἮDŽҪ‫∝ⱘݭ‬ᄫজདⳟˈজᭈ唤DŽ
Ҫⱘᆓ㟡জ໻জᑆ‫ޔ‬DŽҪ‫ⱘخ‬Ё೑佁জདⳟজདৗDŽ
៥ⱘ᳟টজ㙄ᯢˈজ⫼ࡳDŽҪ䁾ⱘЁ᭛জᖿজ⏙ἮDŽҪᆿⱘ⓶ᄫজདⳟˈজᭈ唞DŽ
Ҫⱘᆓ㟡জ໻জђ⎼DŽҪ‫ⱘخ‬Ё೟仃জདⳟজདৗDŽ
Wǒ de péngyou yòu cōngming, yòu yònggōng. Tā shuō de Zhōngwén yòu
kuài yòu qīngchu. Tā xiě de Hàn zì yòu hǎo kàn, yòu zhěngqí. Tā de sùshè
yòu dà yòu gānjìng. Tā zuò de Zhōngguó fàn yòu hǎo kàn yòu hǎo chī.
➪ 43.3, 43.4
5 Put the Mandarin phrases in the following sentences in the correct order to
express the English meanings (a–g form a single narrative).
a. Ҟ໽জজࠂ亢ϟ䲼໪䖍
Ҟ໽জজ亇乼ϟ䲼໪䙞
jīntiān yòu yòu guā fēng xià yǔ wàibian
Tonight it was windy and rainy outside.
b. ⱘᯊ‫׭‬៥䖯ᆓ㟡ৠሟⱘ៥‫خ‬೼ࡳ䇒
ⱘᰖ‫׭‬៥䘆ᆓ㟡ৠሟⱘ៥‫خ‬೼ࡳ䂆
de shíhou wǒ jìn sùshè tóngwū de wǒ zuò zài gōngkè
When I entered the dorm my roommate was doing homework.
c. Ҫ਀䷇Фⴔࡳ䇒‫خ‬
Ҫ㙑䷇ῖ㨫ࡳ䂆‫خ‬
tā tīng yīnyuè zhe gōngkè zuò
He was listening to music while doing homework.
165
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

d. ℷ៥䖯ሟᄤҪ೼ᠧ⬉䆱ⱘᯊ‫׭‬
ℷ៥䘆ሟᄤҪ೼ᠧ䳏䁅ⱘᰖ‫׭‬
zhèng wǒ jìn wūzi tā zài dǎ diànhuà de shíhou
When I entered the room he was making a phone call.
e. Ҫϔ䖍ϔ䖍ᠧ⬉䆱ⳟ⬉㾚
Ҫϔ䙞ϔ䙞ᠧ䳏䁅ⳟ䳏㽪
tā yībiān yībiān dǎ diànhuà kàn diànshì
He was talking on the phone and watching television.
f. ೼ⳟ⬉㛥Ϟ⬉ֵ䖬ৠᯊ
೼ⳟ䳏㜺Ϟ䳏ֵ䙘ৠᰖ
zài kàn diànnǎo shàng diànxìn hái tóngshí
At the same time, he was on the computer reading email.
g. Ҫᠧ⬉䆱ᅠњ៥ㄝࠄᏆ㒣ⴵⴔњ
Ҫᠧ䳏䁅ᅠњ៥ㄝࠄᏆ㍧ⴵ㨫њ
tā dǎ diànhuà wán le wǒ děngdào yǐjing shuìzháo le
By the time he finished his phone call I was already asleep.
h. ϔᮍ䴶ϔᮍ䴶䙷Ͼ೑ᆊ㽕থሩ㒣⌢⊼䞡⦃ֱ㽕
ϔᮍ䴶ϔᮍ䴶䙷‫ן‬೟ᆊ㽕ⱐሩ㍧△⊼䞡⪄ֱ㽕
yīfāngmiàn yīfāngmiàn nàge guójiā yào fāzhǎn jīngjì zhùzhòng huán
bǎo yào
That country wants to develop its economy while emphasizing
environmental protection.
➪ 43
6 You are interviewing for a job in sales. Part of the interview is to see how quickly
you can come up with a line to sell each product you are given.
The key is to highlight the functionality or best features of each product.
Use the pattern in parentheses to complete each sentence.
a. bluetooth earphone:
᳝њ䖭Ͼ㪱㢑㘇ᴎˈԴህৃҹ ________________DŽ ϔ䖍Ăϔ䖍Ă
᳝њ䗭‫ן‬㮡㢑㘇″ˈԴህৃҹ ________________DŽ ϔ䙞Ăϔ䙞Ă
Yǒu le zhège lán yá ěrjī, nǐ jiù kěyǐ ______________. (yībiān . . . yībiān . . . )
b. down jacket:
䖭ӊ㖑㒦།‫ ________________ ܟ‬জĂজĂ ˈ᳔䗖ড়ᮙ㸠ⱘᯊ‫׭‬ᏺDŽ
䗭ӊ㖑㌼༒‫ ________________ ܟ‬জĂজĂ ˈ᳔䘽ড়ᮙ㸠ⱘᰖ‫׭‬ᐊDŽ
Zhè jiàn yǔróng jiākè _______________ (yòu . . . yòu . . . ), zuì shìhé lǚxíng
de shíhou dài.

166
Expressing simultaneous situations

c. hybrid car [⏋ড়ࡼ࡯䔺/⏋ড়ࢩ࡯䒞 hùnhé dònglì chē]:

䇕ϡᛇф⏋ড়ࡼ࡯䔺ˈ䖭⾡䔺 ________________DŽ ϔᮍ䴶Ăϔᮍ䴶Ă
䂄ϡᛇ䊋⏋ড়ࢩ࡯䒞ˈ䗭。䒞 ________________DŽ ϔᮍ䴶Ăϔᮍ䴶Ă
Shéi bù xiǎng mǎi hùnhé dònglì chē, zhèzhing chē ________________.
(yī fāngmiàn . . . yī fāngmiàn . . . )
d. Wii Sports:
䖭⾡⬉ࡼ␌៣ϡԚ᳝䍷ˈ________________ ৠᯊ ˈϔВϸᕫDŽ
䗭。䳏ࢩ䘞᠆ϡԚ᳝䍷ˈ________________ ৠᰖ ˈϔ㟝ܽᕫDŽ
Zhè zhing diàndòng yóuxì bùdàn yiuqù, ________________ (tóngshí),
yī jǔ liǎng dé.
e. motion sensor light
䖭⾡♃ᮍ֓ⱘ䆒䅵䅽Դञ໰ ________________ Ăⱘᯊ‫ ׭‬ϡӮ㒞‫(צ‬trip over)DŽ
䗭。➜ᮍ֓ⱘ䀁㿜䅧Դञ໰ ________________ Ăⱘᰖ‫ ׭‬ϡ᳗㌚‫(צ‬trip over)DŽ
Zhè zhing dēng fāngbiàn de shèjì ràng nǐ bàn yè ________________
( . . . de shíhou) bù huì bàndǎo.

167
44
Expressing cause and effect
or reason and result
1 There is a cause and effect relationship between the two parts in each sentence
below. Connect the parts using ಴Ў/಴⠆ yīnwéi . . . ᠔ҹ suǒyǐ to show the
cause and effect relationship clearly.
Example: ៥୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ៥↣Ͼ਼᳿䛑এⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ៥↣‫ן‬䘅᳿䛑এⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ xǐhuan kàn diànyǐng. Wǒ měi gè zhōumò dōu qù kàn
diànyǐng.
-
಴Ў៥୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅˈ᠔ҹ↣Ͼ਼᳿䛑এⳟDŽ
಴⠆៥୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅˈ᠔ҹ↣‫ן‬䘅᳿䛑এⳟDŽ
Yīnwei wǒ xǐhuan kàn diànyǐng, suǒyǐ měi gè zhōumò dōuqù
kàn.
a. ៥୰⃶Ё೑᭛࣪ˈ೼ᄺЁ᭛DŽ
៥୰ℵЁ೟᭛࣪ˈ೼ᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Wǒ xǐhuan Zhōngguó wénhuà, zài xué Zhōngwén.
I like Chinese culture so I am studying Chinese.
b. ៥೼ᄺЁ᭛ˈᡒњϔϾЁ೑ৠሟDŽ
៥೼ᅌЁ᭛ˈᡒњϔ‫ן‬Ё೟ৠሟDŽ
Wǒ zài xué Zhōngwén, zhǎo le yī gè Zhōngguó tóngwū.
Because I am studying Chinese I looked for a Chinese roommate.
c. ៥᯼໽⮙њˈ≵এϞ䇒DŽ
៥᯼໽⮙њˈ≦এϞ䂆DŽ
Wǒ zuótiān bìng le, méi qù shàng kè.
I was sick yesterday so I didn’t go to class.
d. ៥᯼໽≵এϞ䇒ˈϡⶹ䘧Ҟ໽᳝㗗䆩DŽ
៥᯼໽≦এϞ䂆ˈϡⶹ䘧Ҟ໽᳝㗗䀺DŽ
Wǒ zuótian méi qù shàng kè, bù zhīdào jīntiān yǒu kǎoshì.
Because I didn’t go to class yesterday I didn’t know there was a test today.

168 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-46

Expressing cause and effect or reason and result

e. ៥ϡⶹ䘧Ҟ໽᳝㗗䆩ˈ≵᳝‫ޚ‬໛DŽ
៥ϡⶹ䘧Ҟ໽᳝㗗䀺ˈ≦᳝⑪‫٭‬DŽ
Wǒ bù zhīdào jīntiān yǒu kǎoshì, méi yǒu zhǔnbèi.
Because I didn’t know there was a test today I didn’t prepare.
f. ៥≵᳝‫ޚ‬໛ˈ㗗ᕫᕜϡདDŽ
៥≦᳝⑪‫ˈ٭‬㗗ᕫᕜϡདDŽ
Wǒ méi yǒu zhǔnbèi, kǎo de hěn bù hǎo.
Because I didn’t prepare I didn’t do well on the test.
g. ៥㗗ᕫᕜϡདˈᕜϡ催݈DŽ
៥㗗ᕫᕜϡདˈᕜϡ催㟜DŽ
Wǒ kǎo de hěn bù hǎo, hěn bù gāoxìng.
Because I didn’t do well on the test I was very unhappy.
h. ៥ᕜϡ催݈ˈ៥ⱘৠሟҞ໽ᰮϞ䇋៥ৗЁ೑佁DŽ
៥ᕜϡ催㟜ˈ៥ⱘৠሟҞ໽ᰮϞ䂟៥ৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Wǒ hěn bù gāoxìng, wǒ de tóngwū jīntiān wǎnshang qǐng wǒ chī
Zhōngguó fàn.
Because I was very unhappy, my roommate treated me to Chinese food tonight.
➪ 44.1
2 Translate the following sentences into English.
a. ಴Ў⫳⮙ⱘ݇㋏ˈҪᏆ㒣ϝ໽≵ᴹϞ䇒њDŽ
಴⠆⫳⮙ⱘ䮰֖ˈҪᏆ㍧ϝ໽≦՚Ϟ䂆њDŽ
Yīnwéi shēng bìng de guānxì, tā yǐjīng sān tiān méi lái shàng kè le.
b. ҪП᠔ҹ㽕এЁ೑⬭ᄺᰃ಴ЎҪᇍЁ೑⌕㸠℠᳆䴲ᐌᛳ݈䍷DŽ
ҪП᠔ҹ㽕এЁ೟⬭ᅌᰃ಴⠆ҪᇡЁ೟⌕㸠℠᳆䴲ᐌᛳ㟜䍷DŽ
Tā zhī suiyǐ yào qù Zhōngguó liúxué shì yīnwéi tā duì Zhōngguó
liúxíng gēqū fēicháng gǎn xīngqù.
[⬭ᄺ/⬭ᅌ liúxué study abroad, ⌕㸠℠᳆ liú xíng gē qū popular songs]
c. ៥П᠔ҹ䇋Դৗ佁ᰃ಴Ў៥㽕㒭Դҟ㒡ϔϾЁ೑᳟টDŽ
៥П᠔ҹ䂟Դৗ仃ᰃ಴⠆៥㽕㌺Դҟ㌍ϔ‫ן‬Ё೟᳟টDŽ
Wǒ zhī suiyǐ qǐng nǐ chī fàn shì yīnwéi wǒ yào gěi nǐ jièshào yī gè
Zhōngguó péngyǒu.
d. ಴Ўᛇᆊⱘ݇㋏ˈҪϔⳈৗϡϟ佁ˈⴵϡⴔ㾝DŽ
಴⠆ᛇᆊⱘ䮰֖ˈҪϔⳈৗϡϟ仃ˈⴵϡ㨫㾎DŽ
Yīnwéi xiǎng jiā de guānxì, tā yīzhí chībuxià fàn, shuìbuzháo jiào.
e. ಴Ўϟ໻䲾ⱘ݇㋏ˈᰮϞⱘ䇒䛑ϡϞњDŽ
಴⠆ϟ໻䲾ⱘ䮰֖ˈᰮϞⱘ䂆䛑ϡϞњDŽ
Yīnwéi xià dà xuě de guānxì, wǎnshàng de kè dōu bù shàng le.
[䲾 xuě snow]

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SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

f. ៥П᠔ҹ≵ᴹখࡴ㗗䆩ᰃ಴Ў៥ϡⶹ䘧᳝㗗䆩DŽ
៥П᠔ҹ≦՚গࡴ㗗䀺ᰃ಴⠆៥ϡⶹ䘧᳝㗗䀺DŽ
Wǒ zhī suiyǐ méi lái cānjiā kǎoshì shì yīnwéi wǒ bù zhīdào yǒu kǎoshì.
g. ៥П᠔ҹ≵‫ݭ‬ᅠ᡹ਞᰃ಴Ў៥ⱘ⬉㛥ണњDŽ
៥П᠔ҹ≦ᆿᅠฅਞᰃ಴⠆៥ⱘ䳏㜺າњDŽ
Wǒ zhī suiyǐ méi xiěwán bàogào shì yīnwéi wǒ de diànnǎo huài le.
[᡹ਞ/ฅਞ bàogào report, ⬉㛥/䳏㜺 diànnǎo computer]
h. ಴Ў㗗䆩ⱘ݇㋏ˈ᳔䖥޴໽ᄺ⫳ୱ䜦ୱᕫᇥњDŽ
಴⠆㗗䀺ⱘ䮰֖ˈ᳔䖥ᑒ໽ᅌ⫳ୱ䜦ୱᕫᇥњDŽ
Yīnwéi kǎoshì de guānxì, zuì jìn jǐ tiān xuéshēng hē jiǔ hē de shǎo le.
➪ 44.2
3 Rewrite the following sentences with the expression ᰃЎњ/ᰃ⠆њ shì wèile to
clearly indicate the reason for the action taken.
Example: ҪএЁ೑ᄺЁ᭛DŽ
ҪএЁ೟ᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Tā qù Zhōngguó xué Zhōngwén.
He is going to China to study Chinese.
-
ҪএЁ೑ᰃЎњᄺЁ᭛DŽ
ҪএЁ೟ᰃ⠆њᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Tā qù Zhōngguó shì wèile xué Zhōngwén.
a. ៥এৄ⑒ᮙ␌DŽ
៥এৄ☷ᮙ␌DŽ
Wǒ qù Táiwān lǚyóu.
I am going to Taiwan to travel.
b. ҪএЁ೑ᡒᎹ԰DŽ
ҪএЁ೟ᡒᎹ԰DŽ
Tā qù Zhōngguó zhǎo gōngzuò.
He is going to China to look for a job.
c. ៥Ӏ䍄䏃Ϟᄺˈ䬏⚐䑿ԧDŽ
៥‫ץ‬䍄䏃Ϟᅌˈ䤯✝䑿储DŽ
Wǒmen zǒu lù shàng xué, duànliàn shēntǐ.
We walk to school to get exercise.
d. ཌྷ䎳Ё೑Ҏ䇈䆱ˈ㒗дষ䇁DŽ
ཌྷ䎳Ё೟Ҏ䁾䁅ˈ㏈㖦ষ䁲DŽ
Tā gēn Zhōngguó rén shuō huà, liànxí kóuyǔ.
She speaks with Chinese people to practice the spoken language.

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Expressing cause and effect or reason and result

e. ᄺ⫳Ӏ↣໽਀ᔩ䷇ˈᦤ催਀࡯DŽ
ᅌ⫳‫↣ץ‬໽㙑䣘䷇ˈᦤ催㙑࡯DŽ
Xuéshengmen měitiān tīng lùyīn, tígāo tīnglì.
The students listen to recordings every day to improve their listening skills.
f. ៥ⱘৠሟএ೒к佚‫ޚ‬໛ᯢ໽ⱘ㗗䆩DŽ
៥ⱘৠሟএ೪᳌仼⑪‫٭‬ᯢ໽ⱘ㗗䀺DŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū qù túshūguǎn zhǔnbèi míngtiān de kǎoshì.
My roommate is going to the library to prepare for tomorrow’s test.
g. ҪӀⳟЁ೑⬉ᕅˈњ㾷Ё೑᭛࣪DŽ
Ҫ‫ⳟץ‬Ё೟䳏ᕅˈњ㾷Ё೟᭛࣪DŽ
Tāmen kàn Zhōngguó diànyǐng, liáojiě Zhōngguó wénhuà.
They watch Chinese movies to understand Chinese culture.
h. ៥ᡒᓴ㗕Ꮬ䇋‫؛‬DŽ
៥ᡒᔉ㗕᏿䂟‫؛‬DŽ
Wǒ zhǎo Zhāng lǎoshī qǐng jià.
I am looking for teacher Zhang to be excused from class.
➪ 44.2
4 ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng promised to meet ૤⥿⦆ Táng Méilíng at the coffee shop but
he forgot. When he tried to apologize to her, ૤⥿⦆ Táng Méilíng was angry.
Translate her sentences into English.
a. ԴЎҔМᴹᡒ៥˛
Դ⠆⫮咑՚ᡒ៥˛
Nǐ wéi shénme lái zhǎo wǒ?
b. ԴᗢМ≵ᴹ੪ଵᑫ˛
Դᗢ咑≦՚੪ଵᑫ˛
Nǐ zěnme méi lái kāfēi diàn?
c. ԴЎҔМ≵㒭៥ᠧ⬉䆱˛
Դ⠆⫮咑≦㌺៥ᠧ䳏䁅˛
Nǐ wèi shénme méi gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà?
d. ԴᗢМ㛑ᖬњ˛
Դᗢ咑㛑ᖬњ˛
Nǐ zěnme néng wàng le?
➪ 44.4
5 You are praising your colleagues for their cooperation [ড়԰ hézuò] that
has led to the successful completion of a task [៤ࡳ chénggōng]. Express
this praise five different ways in Mandarin, using each of the following
expressions.

171
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

a. ಴ЎĂⱘ݇㋏/಴⠆Ăⱘ䮰֖ yīnwéi . . . de guānxi

b. П᠔ҹᰃ಴Ў/П᠔ҹᰃ಴⠆ zhī suiyǐ shì yīnwéi
c. ಴ЎĂ᠔ҹ/಴⠆Ă᠔ҹ yīnwéi . . . suiyǐ
d. ⬅Ѣ/⬅Ѣ yóuyú

➪ 44.1, 44.2
6 Three alumni were invited to share their experience at an event for students
in the biology department. Here is their background information. Complete
each of their answers using the structure provided in parentheses. You can
add your own interpretation as long as it does not contradict the information in
the table.

Reason they chose during college career

biology years

Michael wanted to be a doctor worked hard to physician

get straight As

Wilson always interested made lots of good patent lawyer

in science. friends

Greg parents wanted me to skipped classes to school counselor

explore options

Question #1: ԴЎҔМ䗝ᢽ⫳⠽㋏˛

Դ⚎⫮咐䙌᪛⫳⠽㋏˛
Nǐ wèi shénme xuǎnzé shēngwùxì?
Michael: [П᠔ҹ zhī suiyǐ] __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Wilson: [⬅Ѣ/⬅ᮐ yóuyú] ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Greg: [಴Ў/಴⚎ yīnwèi] _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Question #2: ໻ᄺⱘᯊ‫׭‬Դ㢅᳔໮ⱘᯊ䯈‫خ‬ҔМ˛ЎҔМ˛

໻ᅌⱘᰖ‫׭‬Դ㢅᳔໮ⱘᰖ䭧‫⫮خ‬咐˛⚎⫮咐˛
Dàxué de shíhou nǐ huā zuì duō de shíjiān zuò shénme?
Wèi shénme?
Michael: [Ўњ/⚎њ wèi le] ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Wilson: [᠔ҹ suiyǐ] _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

172
Expressing cause and effect or reason and result

Greg: [П᠔ҹ zhī suiyǐ] _____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Question #3: Դ⦄೼ⱘᎹ԰䎳⫳⠽᳝݇৫˛Դ୰⃶Դⱘ䗝ᢽ৫˛

Դ⧒೼ⱘᎹ԰䎳⫳⠽᳝䮰஢˛Դ୰ℵԴⱘ䙌᪛஢˛
Nǐ xiànzài de gōngzuò gēn shēngwù yǒuguān ma? Nǐ xǐhuān nǐ
de xuǎnzé ma?
Michael: [಴Ў/಴⚎ yīnwèi] __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Wilson: [಴ЎĂⱘ݇㋏/಴⚎Ăⱘ䮰֖ yīnwèi. . .de guānxi] ___________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Greg: [П᠔ҹ zhī suiyǐ] _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

7 All public places need safety regulations. Use your common sense to complete
one safety rule for each place.
a. A swimming pool:
Ўњᅝܼ䍋㾕ˈ_________________________________________________________DŽ
⚎њᅝܼ䍋㽟ˈ_________________________________________________________DŽ
Wèi le ānquán qǐjiàn, _________________________________________________.
b. A rollercoaster in an amusement park:
෎Ѣᅝܼ⧚⬅ˈ_________________________________________________________DŽ
෎ᮐᅝܼ⧚⬅ˈ_________________________________________________________DŽ
Jīyú ānquán lǐyóu, ____________________________________________________.
c. A small exhibition hall in a public library
಴Ўഎഄⱘ݇㋏ˈ_______________________________________________________DŽ
಴⚎จഄⱘ䮰֖ˈ________________________________________________________DŽ
Yīnwèi chǎngdì de guānxi _____________________________________________.

173
45
Expressing conditions
1 Complete these sentences with one of the following words or expressions to best
match the English meaning.

ህᰃ jiù shì, া㽕 zhǐ yào, 䰸䴲 chúfēi, 㽕ϡ✊/㽕ϡ✊ yàobùrán, ৺ࠛ fǒuzé

a. Դ᳔ད䅽Դᓳᓳৗᮽ佁ˈҪህӮ体ᕫϞϡњ䇒њDŽ
Դ᳔ད䅧Դᓳᓳৗᮽ仃ˈҪህ᳗仧ᕫϞϡњ䂆њDŽ
Nǐ zuì hǎo ràng nǐ dìdi chī zǎofàn, tā jiù huì è de shàngbuliǎo kè le.
You’d better make your younger brother eat breakfast. Otherwise he will be
so hungry that he won’t be able to go to class.
b. Դ䇋Դᓳᓳⳟ⬉ᕅˈҪህӮ催݈DŽ
Դ䂟Դᓳᓳⳟ䳏ᕅˈҪህ᳗催㟜DŽ
Nǐ qǐng nǐ dìdi kàn diànyǐng, tā jiù huì gāoxìng.
As long as you invite your little brother to see the movie he will be happy.
c. ԴᐂԴᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ϮˈҪ‫خ‬ϡᅠDŽ
ԴᐿԴᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ὁˈҪ‫خ‬ϡᅠDŽ
Nǐ bāng nǐ dìdi zuò zuòyè, tā zuòbuwán.
Unless you help your brother do his homework he will not finish it.
d. Դ᳔དᐂԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ϮˈҪ㗗ϡདDŽ
Դ᳔དᐿԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ὁˈҪ㗗ϡདDŽ
Nǐ zuìhǎo bāng nǐ de dìdì zuò zuòyè, tā kǎo bù hǎo.
You’d better help your brother do his homework. Otherwise, he will do
poorly on the test.
e. Դ⫼ࡳˈԴϔᅮ㗗ᕫϞ໻ᄺDŽ
Դ⫼ࡳˈԴϔᅮ㗗ᕫϞ໻ᅌDŽ
Nǐ yònggōng, nǐ yīdìng kǎodeshàng dàxué.
As long as you are hardworking, you will definitely get into college.
f. ԴᐂԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ϮˈҪг䆌䖬㗗ᕫϡདDŽ
ԴᐿԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ὁˈҪг䀅䙘㗗ᕫϡདDŽ
Nǐ bāng nǐ de dìdi zuò zuòyè, tā yéxǔ hái kǎo de bù hǎo.
Even if you help your brother do his homework, he may still do poorly on
the test.

174 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-47

Expressing conditions

g. ԴᐂԴⱘᓳᓳ԰԰ϮˈҪ䖬ϡពDŽ
ԴᐿԴⱘᓳᓳ԰԰ὁˈҪ䙘ϡពDŽ
Nǐ bāng nǐ de dìdi zuò zuòyè, tā hái bù dǒng.
Even if you help your brother do his homework, he will not understand it.
➪ 45.2– 45.5
2 I am discussing my dilemma with two friends. Here is my dilemma expressed in
English. Translate it into Mandarin using 㽕ᰃ yàoshi . . . ህ jiù . . . .
a. If I had money, I would not have to work in the library.
b. If I did not work, I would have more time to study.
c. If I had more time to study, my grades would be better.
d. If I had better grades, my parents would be very happy.
e. If my parents were happy, they would give me money.
f. If they gave me money, I would not have to work.
➪ 45.1
3 After hearing my dilemma, my friend ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng offers his opinion.
Translate his opinion into Mandarin using བᵰ rúguǒ . . . ህ jiù . . . .
a. If I were you, I would borrow some money from a friend first.
b. If I could borrow some money, I would not have to work.
c. If I did not work, I would have more time to study.
d. If I had more time to study, my grades would be better.
e. If I had better grades, my parents would be very happy.
f. If my parents were happy, they would give me money.
g. If they gave me money, I would return my friend’s money.
➪ 45.1
4 ᇣᓴ/ᇣᔉ Xiǎo Zhǎng does not agree with ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng because he does not
think you should borrow money from friends. Here is his suggestion. Translate
his suggestion into Mandarin using ‫׬‬㢹 tǎngruò . . . ህ jiù . . . .
a. If I were you, I would borrow some money from my parents first.
b. If they could loan me some money, I would not have to work.
c. If I did not work, I would study harder.
d. If I studied harder, my grades would be better.
e. If my grades were better, my parents would be very happy.
f. If my parents were happy, they would give me money.
g. If they gave me money, I would use it to pay them back.
➪ 45.1
5 A few teachers are chatting in the faculty lounge about things that could
make their lives a little easier. Imagine you are one of them and complete
the sentences for them.

175
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

a. བᵰᬭ䖛ⱘϰ㽓ᄺ⫳䛑㛑䆄ԣˈ__________________________________________DŽ
བᵰᬭ䘢ⱘᵅ㽓ᅌ⫳䛑㛑㿬ԣˈ__________________________________________DŽ
Rúguǒ jiāoguo de dōngxi xuésheng dōu néng jìzhù, __________________.
b. ‫؛‬Փ _______________________________________________ˈ៥ህৃҹᮽ⚍ಲᆊDŽ
‫؛‬Փ _______________________________________________ˈ៥ህৃҹᮽ咲ಲᆊDŽ
Jiǎshǐ _____________________________________, wǒ jiù kěyǐ zǎodiǎn huí jiā.
c. 㽕ᰃᱥ‫ৃ؛‬ҹ䭓ϔ⚍ⱘ䆱ˈ______________________________________________DŽ
㽕ᰃᱥ‫ৃ؛‬ҹ䭋ϔ咲ⱘ䁅ˈ______________________________________________DŽ
Yàoshì shǔjià kěyǐ cháng yī diǎn de huà, _____________________________.
6 At a recent Earth Day celebration, everyone wrote down their suggestions
to improve the world and hung them on the branches of a big tree. Finish
the following sentences to complete a few of these suggestions, and then write
one yourself.
a. া㽕៥Ӏ _________________________________________ˈ䖭ϾϪ⬠ϔᅮӮ᳈དDŽ
া㽕៥‫ˈ________________________________________ ץ‬䗭‫ן‬Ϫ⬠ϔᅮ᳗᳈དDŽ
Zhǐyào wǒmen ______________________, zhège shìjiè yīdìng huì gèng hǎo.
b. 䰸䴲 __________________________________ˈ㽕ϡ✊៥Ӏⱘഄ⧗Ӯ䍞ᴹ䍞㊳㊩DŽ
䰸䴲 __________________________________ˈ㽕ϡ✊៥‫ⱘץ‬ഄ⧗᳗䍞՚䍞㊳㊩DŽ
Chúfēi _____________, yàobùrán wǒmen de dìqiú huì yuè lái yuè zāogāo.
c. __________________________________________________________________________

176
46
Expressing ‘both,’ ‘all,’ ‘every,’
‘any,’ ‘none,’ ‘not any,’ and
‘no matter how’
1 Rearrange the following sentences to match the English meanings.
a. 䛑 ៥Ӏ ᄺЁ᭛ ୰⃶DŽ
䛑 ៥‫ץ‬ ᅌЁ᭛ ୰ℵDŽ
Dōu wǒmen xué Zhōngwén xǐhuan.
We all like to study Chinese.
b. ៥ фњ 䛑 䙷ѯкDŽ
៥ 䊋њ 䛑 䙷ѯ᳌DŽ
Wǒ mǎi le dōu nà xiē shū.
I bought all of those books.
c. 䙷ѯк ᕜ䌉 䛑DŽ
䙷ѯ᳌ ᕜ䊈 䛑DŽ
Nà xiē shū hěn guì dōu.
All those books are expensive.
d. ≵ ᄺ⫳Ӏ এϞ䇒 䛑DŽ
≦ ᅌ⫳‫ץ‬ এϞ䂆 䛑DŽ
Méi xuéshengmen qù shàng kè dōu.
None of the students have gone to class.
e. ៥ ᄺ 䛑 Ё᭛᮹᭛DŽ
៥ ᅌ 䛑 Ё᭛᮹᭛DŽ
Wǒ xué dōu Zhōngwén Rìwén.
I study both Chinese and Japanese.
f. ៥ ‫خ‬ᅠњ 䛑 ᠔᳝ⱘࡳ䇒DŽ
៥ ‫خ‬ᅠњ 䛑 ᠔᳝ⱘࡳ䂆DŽ
Wǒ zuòwán le dōu suiyǒu de gōngkè.
I have finished all the assignments.

177 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-48

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

g. 䛑 Ҫ ϡ Ӯ ‫ݭ‬ ϔϾᄫDŽ
䛑 Ҫ ϡ ᳗ ᆿ ϔ‫ן‬ᄫDŽ
Dōu tā bù huì xiě yī gè zì.
He does not know how to write a single character.
h. 䙷Ͼ㗕Ꮬ 䛑 ϡ୰⃶ ៥ӀDŽ
䙷‫ן‬㗕᏿ 䛑 ϡ୰ℵ ៥‫ץ‬DŽ
Nàge lǎoshī dōu bù xǐhuan wǒmen.
None of us likes that teacher.
➪ 46.1
2 Select a question word from the list below to best complete each of the following
sentences to match the English translation.
Question words: ҔМ/⫮咑 shénme
ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 zěnme
䇕/䂄 shéi
޴/ᑒ jǐ
ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr?
a. Դএ೒к佚њˈৃᰃ៥ ________ 䛑≵এDŽ
Դএ೪᳌仼њˈৃᰃ៥ ________ 䛑≦এDŽ
Nǐ qù túshūguǎn le, kěshì wǒ ________ dōu méi qù.
You went to the library, but I did not go anywhere.
b. Դএ೒к佚њˈৃᰃ៥ ________ ഄᮍ䛑≵এDŽ
Դএ೪᳌仼њˈৃᰃ៥ ________ ഄᮍ䛑≦এDŽ
Nǐ qù túshūguǎn le, kěshì wǒ ________ dìfang dōu méi qù.
You went to the library, but I did not go anywhere.
c. Դ䅸䆚Ҏˈৃᰃ៥ ________ 䛑ϡ䅸䆚DŽ
Դ䁡䄬Ҏˈৃᰃ៥ ________ 䛑ϡ䁡䄬DŽ
Nǐ rènshi rén, kěshì wǒ ________ dōu bù rènshi.
You know people, but I don’t know anyone.
d. Դ䅸䆚Ҏˈৃᰃ៥ ________ Ҏ䛑ϡ䅸䆚DŽ
Դ䁡䄬Ҏˈৃᰃ៥ ________ Ҏ䛑ϡ䁡䄬DŽ
Nǐ rènshi rén, kěshì wǒ ________ rén dōu bù rènshi.
You know people, but I don’t know anyone.
e. Դфкњˈৃᰃ៥ ________ 䛑≵фDŽ
Դ䊋᳌њˈৃᰃ៥ ________ 䛑≦䊋DŽ
Nǐ mǎi shū le, kěshì wǒ ________ dōu méi mǎi.
You bought books, but I didn’t buy anything.
f. Ҫϝ⚍ᴹˈৃᰃԴ ________ ᯊ‫׭‬ᴹ䛑ৃҹDŽ
Ҫϝ咲՚ˈৃᰃԴ ________ ᰖ‫׭‬՚䛑ৃҹDŽ
Tā sān diǎn lái, kěshì nǐ ________ shíhòu lái dōu kéyǐ.
He will come at 3:00, but you can come anytime.

178
Expressing ‘both,’ ‘all,’ ‘every,’ ‘any,’ ‘none,’ ‘not any,’ and ‘no matter how’

g. Ҫϝ⚍ᴹˈԴ ________ ⚍ᴹ䛑ৃҹDŽ

Ҫϝ咲՚ˈԴ ________ 咲՚䛑ৃҹDŽ
Tā sān diǎn lái, nǐ ________ diǎn lái dōu kéyǐ.
He will come at 3:00, but you can come anytime.
h. Ҫ䖭ḋ‫ˈݭ‬Դ ________ ‫ݭ‬䛑ৃҹDŽ
Ҫ䗭ῷᆿˈԴ ________ ᆿ䛑ৃҹDŽ
Tā zhè yàng xiě, nǐ ________ xiě dōu kéyǐ.
He writes this way, but you write any way you want.
➪ 46.4
3 Answer the questions negatively using question words as in the example.
Translate your answers into English.
Example: A: ԴᛇфҔМ˛ B: ៥ҔМ䛑ϡᛇфDŽ
Դᛇ䊋⫮咑˛ ៥⫮咑䛑ϡᛇ䊋DŽ
Nǐ xiǎng mǎi shénme? Wǒ shénme dōu bù xiǎng mǎi.
What do you want to buy? I don’t want to buy anything.
a. ԴᛇⳟҔМ⬉ᕅ˛
Դᛇⳟ⫮咑䳏ᕅ˛
Nǐ xiǎng kàn shénme diànyǐng?
Which movie do you want to watch?
b. ԴᛇୱҔМସ䜦˛
Դᛇୱ⫮咑ସ䜦˛
Nǐ xiǎng hē shénme píjiǔ?
What beer do you want to drink?
c. Դ䅸䆚䇕˛
Դ䁡䄬䂄˛
Nǐ rènshi shéi?
Who do you know?
d. 䖭ӊџԴᛇਞ䆝䇕˛
䗭ӊџԴᛇਞ䀈䂄˛
Zhè jiàn shì nǐ xiǎng gàosu shéi?
Who do you want to inform about this matter?
e. 䇕㽕ᡞ䪅‫׳‬㒭Դ˛
䂄㽕ᡞ䣶‫׳‬㌺Դ˛
Shéi yào bǎ qián jiègěi nǐ?
Who wants to lend you money?
f. Դᛇ䎳៥䇈ҔМ˛
Դᛇ䎳៥䁾⫮咑˛
Nǐ xiǎng gēn wǒ shuō shénme?
What do you want to tell me?

179
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

g. Դ୰⃶ાӊ↯㸷˛
Դ୰ℵાӊ↯㸷˛
Nǐ xǐhuan nǎ jiàn máoyī?
Which sweater do you like?
h. Դᬒ‫؛‬এҔМഄᮍ˛
Դᬒ‫؛‬এ⫮咑ഄᮍ˛
Nǐ fang jià qù shénme dìfang?
Where do you want to go during the break?
➪ 46.4.2
4 ਼߽ Zhōu Lì had a bad experience with his last exam. Express his experience in
Mandarin, using ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 zěnme and the appropriate form of the bracketed
resultative verb in each sentence.
Example: No matter how I review the lessons I do poorly on the tests.
-
៥ᗢМ໡дࡳ䇒г㗗ϡདDŽ
៥ᗢ咑ᕽ㖦ࡳ䂆г㗗ϡདDŽ
Wǒ zěnme fùxí gōngkè yě kǎo bù hǎo.
a. No matter how I studied, I couldn’t master (the material). [ᄺӮ/ᅌ᳗ xuéhuì]
b. No matter how I tried to memorize (things) I couldn’t memorize (them). [䆄
ԣ/㿬ԣ jìzhù]
c. No matter how much I wrote, I couldn’t finish writing. [‫ݭ‬ᅠ/ᆿᅠ xiěwán]
d. No matter how I tried to guess, I couldn’t guess. [⣰ⴔ/⣰㨫 cāizhāo]
e. No matter how I read (it), I couldn’t understand (it). [ⳟព kàndǒng]
f. No matter how I thought, I couldn’t think of the answers. [ᛇ䍋ᴹ/ᛇ䍋՚
xiǎngqǐlai, ㄨḜ dá’àn answer]
➪ 32.1, 32.2, 46.4.3
5 ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ finds his roommate difficult to live with. Describe his roommate’s
behavior in Mandarin using the parenthesized words.
Example: He doesn’t go anywhere. - Ҫા‫ܓ‬䛑ϡএDŽ
(ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr) Ҫા‫ܦ‬䛑ϡএDŽ
Tā nǎr dōu bù qù.
a. He doesn’t like anyone. [䇕/䂄 shéi]
b. He is not willing to do anything. [ҔМ/⫮咑 shénme]
c. No matter how much you speak with him, he doesn’t listen. [ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 zěnme]
d. His things are all over the room. (In the room, his things are everywhere.)
[ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr]
e. No matter how dirty his clothing is, he won’t wash it. [໮М/໮咑 duóme]

180
Expressing ‘both,’ ‘all,’ ‘every,’ ‘any,’ ‘none,’ ‘not any,’ and ‘no matter how’

f. In the evening, he is always watching television. [ҔМᯊ‫׭‬/⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬

shénme shíhòu]
g. No matter how you ask, he won’t turn it off. [ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 zěnme]
h. In the morning, no matter how you call him, he won’t wake up.
[ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 zěnme]
➪ 46.4
6 Mrs. Zhao is worried about her son, Jason, who has been depressed since
his girlfriend of five years left him. Mrs. Zhao is on the phone with her best
friend, Mrs. Guo. Mrs. Zhao complains that her son does not want to see anyone,
does not do anything, does not go anywhere, does not eat anything either. Mrs.
Guo tells her that everyone needs time to think about things.
Use this information to complete their conversation in Mandarin.
䍉໾໾˖ҪᏆ㒣ᡞ㞾Ꮕ݇೼᠓䯈䞠ϝ໽њˈ_____________________________________
________________________________________________________________ ៥ᢙᖗ⅏њDŽ

䍭໾໾˖ҪᏆ㍧ᡞ㞾Ꮕ䮰೼᠓䭧㺵ϝ໽њˈ_____________________________________
________________________________________________________________ ៥᪨ᖗ⅏њDŽ

Zhào tàitai: Tā yǐjīng bǎ zìjǐ guānzài fángjiān lǐ sāntiān le, _________________

______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ Wǒ dānxīn sǐ le.

䛁໾໾˖៥ⶹ䘧Դᕜᢙᖗˈৃᰃˈ 䘛ࠄ䖭⾡џˈ______________________________DŽ
䛁໾໾˖៥ⶹ䘧Դᕜ᪨ᖗˈৃᰃˈ 䘛ࠄ䗭。џˈ______________________________DŽ
Guō tàitai: Wǒ zhīdào nǐ hěn dānxīn, kěshì, yùdào zhè zhing shì, ___________
_____________________________________________________________________________.

7 Miranda got a job house sitting for the Jensens, who are going on vacation for
three weeks. Today Miranda meets with Mrs. Jensen to go over the tasks she will
be expected to perform as the house sitter. Translate them into Mandarin.
a. Walk the dog every day: once in the morning, once in the evening.
[䘯⢫ liù gǒu]
b. Water the plants every two days. [⌛㢅/╚㢅 jiāo huā]
c. Pick up the mail every week. [ᣓֵ ná xìn]

181
47
Expressing location and distance
1 Here is a map of my hometown. The park, the lake, the bank, and the
gymnasium are outside of the city. Answer the questions in complete Mandarin
sentences based on the map [ජ chéng city].

Ёᄺ/Ёᅌ кᑫ/᳌ᑫ ᆓ㟡
zhōngxué shūdiàn sùshè
middle school bookstore dormitory

೒к佚/೪᳌仼 䫊㸠/䡔㸠
túshūguǎn yínháng
library bank

ए䰶/䝿䰶 ☿䔺キ/☿䒞キ ԧ㚆佚/储㚆仼

yīyuàn huǒchēzhàn tǐyùguǎn
hospital train station gymnasium

N
݀ು/݀೦
gōngyuán W E
park
␪ hú lake S

Answer these questions using compass directions.

Example: Where is the lake? - ␪೼݀ುⱘ㽓䖍DŽ
␪೼݀೦ⱘ㽓䙞DŽ
Hú zài gōngyuán de xībian.
a. Where is the hospital?
b. Where is the middle school?
c. Where is the train station?
d. Where is the bank?
Answer these questions in complete Mandarin sentences.
e. Is the park to the left of the lake or to the right of the lake?
f. Is the park inside the city or outside the city?
g. Is the bank north of the gymnasium or south of the gymnasium?

182 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-49

Expressing location and distance

h. Is the bookstore east of the middle school or west of the middle school?
i. What is between the dorm and the middle school?
j. What is next to the park?
➪ 47.1
2 Here is the seating arrangement in today’s Chinese class. Answer the questions in
complete Mandarin sentences based on the seating arrangement.

⥟吣亲/⥟區亯 䰜⥿⦆/䱇⥿⦆ ᕤЗᒋ ૤ᮄ㢅

Wáng Péngfēi Chén Méilíng Xú Nǎikāng Táng Xīnhuā

催㭒 佊݈㤷/伦㟜ᾂ 偀௝㕢/侀௝㕢 ᵫ䘧ԭ/ᵫ䘧们

Gāo Lěi Ráo Xīngróng Mǎ Jiāměi Lín Dàoyú

Example: 偀௝㕢೼ᵫ䘧ԭⱘા䖍˛
侀௝㕢೼ᵫ䘧们ⱘા䙞˛
Mǎ Jiāměi zài Lín Dàoyú de nǎbiān?
-
偀௝㕢೼ᵫ䘧ԭⱘᎺ䖍DŽ
侀௝㕢೼ᵫ䘧们ⱘᎺ䙞DŽ
Mǎ Jiāměi zài Lín Dàoyú de zuǒbian.
a. 催㭒ⱘে䖍ᰃ䇕˛
催㭒ⱘে䙞ᰃ䂄˛
Gāo Lěi de yòubian shì shéi?
b. ᵫ䘧ԭⱘৢ༈ᰃ䇕˛
ᵫ䘧们ⱘᕠ丁ᰃ䂄˛
Lín Dàoyú de hòutou shì shéi?
c. 䇕೼䰜⥿⦆䎳૤ᮄ㢅ⱘЁ䯈˛
䂄೼䱇⥿⦆䎳૤ᮄ㢅ⱘЁ䭧˛
Shéi zài Chén Méilíng gēn Táng Xīnhuā de zhōngjiān?
d. Who is to Chen Meiling’s left?
e. Who is in front of Xu Naikang?
f. Who is to the right of Wang Pengfei?
g. Who is beside Lin Daoyu?
➪ 47.1
3 Translate the following expressions into Mandarin.
a. in front of the house
b. between the two cars
c. to the left of the house
d. in front of the person

183
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

e. the books on the table

f. the house on the right
g. the train station behind the school
h. the person who is in front
i. The cat is on top of the table. [⣿/䉧 māo cat]
j. The dog is behind the house. [⢫ gǒu dog]
k. There are flowers in the park.
l. There is no one in the house.
m. There are students in the library.
n. There are no cats in the dormitory.
➪ 47.1, 47.2, 47.3
4 When I leave my home and travel east on Main Street I pass these destinations.
Here are their distances from my home.
݀ು/݀೦ ☿䔺キ/☿䒞キ ໻ᄺ/໻ᅌ 亲ᴎഎ/亯″จ
gōngyuán huǒchēzhàn dàxué fēijī chǎng
park train station university airport
2 km 5 km 12 km 25 km
I consider 1–3 kilometers to be a short distance, 4 –15 kilometers to be far, and
anything over 15 kilometers to be very far. Based on this information, answer the
following questions in complete Mandarin sentences.
Example: ៥ᆊ⾏݀ು᳝໮䖰˛ - Դᆊ⾏݀ು᳝ϸ݀䞠DŽ
៥ᆊ䲶݀೦᳝໮䘴˛ Դᆊ䲶݀೦᳝ܽ݀䞠DŽ
Wǒ jiā lí gōngyuán Nǐ jiā lí gōngyuán yǒu
yǒu duō yuǎn? liǎng gōnglǐ.
a. ៥ᆊ⾏໻ᄺ䖰৫˛
៥ᆊ䲶໻ᅌ䘴஢˛
Wǒ jiā lí dàxué yuǎn ma?
b. ៥ᆊ⾏݀ು䖰ϡ䖰˛
៥ᆊ䲶݀೦䘴ϡ䘴˛
Wǒ jiā lí gōng yuán yuǎn bù yuǎn?
c. Is my house far from the train station?
d. Is the park far from the university?
e. Is my house far from the airport?
f. ៥ᆊ⾏໻ᄺ᳝໮䖰˛
៥ᆊ䲶໻ᅌ᳝໮䘴˛
Wǒ jiā lí dàxué yǒu duō yuǎn?

184
Expressing location and distance

g. How far is it from my house to the train station?

h. How far is it from the park to the airport?
i. How far is it from the university to the airport?
j. How far is it from my house to the airport?
➪ 47.4, 47.5

185
48
Talking about movement,
directions, and means of
transportation
1 Translate these questions into Mandarin.
a. Where is the university?
b. How do you get to the university?
c. How do you get to the university from here?
d. How do you get from the dormitory to the bookstore?
e. Do you turn left?
f. Do you turn left or right?
g. Is the library on the left or the right?
h. Do you know where the bookstore is?
➪ 48.1, 48.2
2 Complete these sentences by filling in the blanks with the appropriate Mandarin
expressions to correspond to the English sentences.
a. 䇋䯂ˈ(1)________ 䖭‫( ܓ‬2)________ Ё೑໻Փ佚 (3)________ 䍄˛
䂟ଣˈ(1)________ 䗭‫( ܦ‬2)________ Ё೟໻Փ仼 (3)________ 䍄˛
Qǐng wèn, (1)________ zhèr (2)________ Zhōngguó dàshǐguǎn
(3)________ zǒu?
May I ask, how do you get to the Chinese embassy from here?
b. ᇍ (1)________ˈ៥ (2)________DŽ
ᇡ (1)________ˈ៥ (2)________DŽ
Duì (1)________, wǒ (2)________.
Sorry, I don’t know.
c. ࢇ偒ˈԴ (1)________ ࠄЁ೑໻Փ佚 (2)________ 䍄৫˛
ࢲ侩ˈԴ (1)________ ࠄЁ೟໻Փ仼 (2)________ 䍄஢˛
Láojià, nǐ (1)________ dào Zhōngguó dàshǐguǎn (2)________ zǒu ma?
Excuse me, do you know how to get to the Chinese embassy from here?

186 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-50

Talking about movement, directions, and means of transportation

d. ⶹ䘧DŽԴ (1)________ 䖭‫ܓ‬ϔⳈ (2)________ ࠡ䍄 (3)________ ϸϾ㑶㓓♃ᕔে

(4)________ˈ‫( ݡ‬5)________ ޴ߚ䩳ˈ(6)________ 䖍ⱘϔϾ໻᠓ᄤህᰃњDŽ
ⶹ䘧DŽԴ (1)________ 䗭‫ܦ‬ϔⳈ (2)________ ࠡ䍄 (3)________ ܽ‫ן‬㋙㍴➜ᕔে
(4)________ˈ‫( ݡ‬5)________ ᑒߚ䧬ˈ(6)________ 䙞ⱘϔ‫ן‬໻᠓ᄤህᰃњDŽ
Zhīdào. Nǐ (1)________ zhè ér yīzhí (2)________ qián zǒu (3)________
liǎng gè hónglǜ dēng wǎng yòu (4)________, zài (5)________ jǐ fēn zhōng,
(6)________ biān de yī gè dà fángzi jiù shì le.
Yes, I do. Go straight ahead, pass two traffic lights, turn right, then walk
a few minutes. It will be the big building on your left.
➪ 48.1, 48.2
3 Translate the directions from my house to the park into Mandarin.
a. Walk east.
b. Walk east on Zhongshan Road. [Ёቅ䏃 Zhōngshān lù]
c. Cross one intersection.
d. Cross Park Avenue. [݀ು䏃/݀೦䏃 gōngyuán lù]
e. Continue (going) east.
f. Turn right on Library Road.
g. Keep going straight ahead.
h. Cross two intersections.
i. At the third intersection, turn left.
j. That will be White Lake Road.
k. The park is on your right.
➪ 48.1, 48.2, 48.3
4 Put these words in the correct order to correspond to the English translations.
a. ᓔএ៥Ӏњ䖯DŽ
䭟এ៥‫ץ‬њ䘆DŽ
kāi qù wǒmen le jìn.
We drove in.
b. њ⠀ቅএ៥ӀϞDŽ
њ⠀ቅএ៥‫ץ‬ϞDŽ
le pá shān qù wǒmen shàng.
We hiked up the mountain.
c. ᴹཌྷњ䖛䎥DŽ
՚ཌྷњ䘢䎥DŽ
lái tā le guò pǎo.
She ran over here.

187
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

d. 䛑ҪӀњߎ䍄এDŽ
䛑Ҫ‫ץ‬њߎ䍄এDŽ
dōu tāmen le chū zǒu qù.
They all walked out.
e. ᣓಲ៥књᴹᡞDŽ
ᣓಲ៥᳌њ՚ᡞDŽ
ná huí wǒ shū le lái bǎ.
I carried the books back here.
➪ 48.8
5 In complete sentences, say how each of the following people got to school today.
Use the ᰃĂⱘ shì . . . de pattern to focus on the means of transportation.
Example: ᇣ↯ Xiǎo Máo: - ៥ᰃത㠍ᴹⱘDŽ
I came by boat. ៥ᰃത㠍՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zuò chuán lái de.
a. ਼߽ Zhōu Lì: I came by bus.
b. 催㭒 Gāo Lěi: I came by car.
c. ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng: I came by bicycle.
d. ⥟ᇣྍ Wáng Xiǎomèi: I came on foot.
e. ⦴㥝 Zhū Lì: I came by motorcycle.
f. ᓴ㣍/ᔉ㣍 Zhāng Píng: I came by subway.
➪ 37.9, 48.5.2, 57.2.4
6 Your are on the phone with your little sister, who is away at college. She is telling
you all about the neighborhood she lives in to prepare you for your visit next
week. Identify each building with the correct letter based on her description.
៥ⱘᆓ㟡ᮕ䖍᳝ϔϾ੪ଵ佚DŽ೒к佚೼ᆓ㟡੠݀ುⱘЁ䯈DŽ៥ⱘᆓ㟡೼ϰ䖍ˈ
݀ು೼㽓䖍DŽҢ៥ⱘᆓ㟡ࠄᄺ᷵ˈ‫ܜ‬ᕔ࣫䍄ˈࠄ䏃ষᕔᎺᢤˈ‫ݡ‬ᕔ㽓䍄ˈ
ϔӮ‫ܓ‬ህࠄњDŽᄺ᷵೼ে䖍DŽ䫊㸠೼ᄺ᷵ⱘৢ䖍DŽ䫊㸠ⱘᎺ䖍᳝ϔϾᇣкᑫDŽ
៥ⱘᆓ㟡ᮕ䙞᳝ϔ‫ן‬੪ଵ仼DŽ೪᳌仼೼ᆓ㟡੠݀೦ⱘЁ䭧DŽ៥ⱘᆓ㟡೼ᵅ䙞ˈ
݀೦೼㽓䙞DŽᕲ៥ⱘᆓ㟡ࠄᅌ᷵ˈ‫ܜ‬ᕔ࣫䍄ˈࠄ䏃ষᕔᎺᢤˈ‫ݡ‬ᕔ㽓䍄ˈ
ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬ህࠄњDŽᅌ᷵೼ে䙞DŽ䡔㸠೼ᅌ᷵ⱘᕠ䙞DŽ䡔㸠ⱘᎺ䙞᳝ϔ‫ן‬ᇣ᳌ᑫDŽ
Wǒ de sùshè pángbiān yǒu yī gè kāfēiguǎn. Túshūguǎn zài sùshè hé gōngyuán
de zhōngjiān. Wǒ de sùshè zài dōngbian,
gōngyuán zài xībiān. Cóng wǒ de sùshè dào
xuéxiào xiān wǎng
běi zǒu, dào lùkǒu wǎng zui guǎi, zài
wǎng xī zǒu, yīhuìr jiù dàole. Xuéxiào
zài yòubian. Yínháng zài xuéxiào de hòubian.
Yínháng de zuǒbian yǒu yī gè xiǎo shūdiàn.
188
Talking about movement, directions, and means of transportation

a. dorm: __________________________
b. library: __________________________
c. park: __________________________
d. school: __________________________
e. bank: __________________________
f. bookstore: __________________________

189
49
Talking about clock time and
calendar time
1 Rewrite the Chinese time expressions in English and the English time
expressions in Chinese.
a. 11:30
b. ϔ⚍ϝࠏ/ϔ咲ϝࠏ yī diǎn sān kè
c. 6:50 (use Ꮒ chà)
d. ϝ⚍ϔࠏ/ϝ咲ϔࠏ sān diǎn yī kè
e. 7:40
f. ϸ⚍Ѡक/ܽ咲Ѡक liǎng diǎn èrshí
g. 8:01 (use 䖛/䘢 guò)
h. б⚍䖛ѠकѨߚ/б咲䘢ѠकѨߚ
jiǔdiǎn guò èrshíwǔ fēn
i 5:55 (use Ꮒ chà)
j. 12:12 (use 䖛/䘢 guò)
➪ 49.1
2 Translate these expressions into Mandarin.
a. 2 weeks f. 21/2 weeks
b. 2 days g. 21/2 days
c. 2 hours h. 21/2 minutes
d. 2 semesters i. 21/2 months
e. 2 minutes j. 21/2 years
➪ 6.6.4, 49.1
3 Translate the English dates into Mandarin and the Mandarin dates into English.
a. July 1, 1993
b. ϔܿܿಯᑈѠ᳜क݁᮹
yī bā bā sì nián èr yuè shíliù rì
c. May 23, 2023
d. Ѡ䳊䳊Ѩᑈϝ᳜Ѡकϗ᮹
èr líng líng wǔ nián sān yuè èrshíqī rì

190 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-51

Talking about clock time and calendar time

e. October 5, 1998
f. Ѡ䳊䳊ܿᑈ᳜ܿѠकѠো
Ѡ䳊䳊ܿᑈ᳜ܿѠकѠ㰳
èr líng líng bā nián bā yuè èrshí’èr hào
g. January 1, 2025
h. ϔбϔ݁ᑈб᳜कбো
ϔбϔ݁ᑈб᳜कб㰳
yī jiǔ yī liù nián jiǔyuè shíjiǔ hào
➪ 49.2
4 Here is ⥟ᇣྍ Wáng Xiǎomèi’s appointment book. Reply to each question in
a complete Mandarin sentence based on this information, using the example
sentence as your model.

Sun Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat

last
A B
week

this
C TODAY D
week

next
E F G
week

A. ф亲ᴎ⼼/䊋亯″⼼ mǎi fēijī piào buy an airline ticket

B. ␌⋇ yóuying swim
C. ಲᆊ huí jiā go home
D. 㗗Ё᭛ kǎo Zhōngwén take a Chinese test
E. ⳟ⬉ᕅ/ⳟ䳏ᕅ kàn diànyǐng see movies
F. ਀䷇ФӮ/㙑䷇ῖ᳗ tīng yīnyuè huì attend a music concert
G. ⳟ᳟ট kàn péngyou see friends
Example: ⥟ᇣྍҔМᯊ‫ⳟ׭‬᳟ট˛
⥟ᇣྍ⫮咑ᰖ‫ⳟ׭‬᳟ট˛
Wáng Xiǎomèi shénme shíhòu kàn péngyou?
-
⥟ᇣྍϟ᯳ᳳѨⳟ᳟টDŽ
Wáng Xiǎomèi xià xīngqīwǔ kàn péngyou.
a. ⥟ᇣྍҔМᯊ‫׭‬ф亲ᴎ⼼њ˛
⥟ᇣྍ⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬䊋亯″⼼њ˛
Wáng Xiǎomèi shénme shíhòu mǎi fēijī piào le?

191
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

b. ⥟ᇣྍҔМᯊ‫⋇␌׭‬њ˛
⥟ᇣྍ⫮咑ᰖ‫⋇␌׭‬њ˛
Wáng Xiǎomèi shénme shíhòu yóuying le?
c. ⥟ᇣྍҔМᯊ‫׭‬ಲᆊњ˛
⥟ᇣྍ⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬ಲᆊњ˛
Wáng Xiǎomèi shénme shíhòu huí jiā le?
d. ⥟ᇣྍҔМᯊ‫׭‬㗗Ё᭛˛
⥟ᇣྍ⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬㗗Ё᭛˛
Wáng Xiǎomèi shénme shíhòu kǎo Zhōngwén?
e. ⥟ᇣྍҔМᯊ‫⬉ⳟ׭‬ᕅ˛
⥟ᇣྍ⫮咑ᰖ‫ⳟ׭‬䳏ᕅ˛
Wáng Xiǎomèi shénme shíhòu kàn diànyǐng?
f. ⥟ᇣྍҔМᯊ‫䷇਀׭‬ФӮ˛
⥟ᇣྍ⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬㙑䷇ῖ᳗˛
Wáng Xiǎomèi shénme shíhòu tīng yīnyuèhuì?
g. ⥟ᇣྍҔМᯊ‫ⳟ׭‬᳟ট˛
⥟ᇣྍ⫮咑ᰖ‫ⳟ׭‬᳟ট˛
Wáng Xiǎomèi shénme shíhòu kàn péng you?
➪ 4.5, 49.2.3.2, 49.2.4.2
5 Name the date in relation to ‘today.’
a. March 12 ໻ࠡ໽ dàqiántiān three days ago
b. March 13
c. March 14
d. March 15 Ҟ໽ jīntiān today
e. March 16
f. March 17
g. March 18
➪ 49.2.4.3
6 The following are typical announcements that you might hear in an airport in
China. Read the announcements and answer the questions in Mandarin.
Announcement 1
৘ԡᮙᅶ䇋⊼ᛣDŽॳᅮ݁⚍䩳ҢϞ⍋亲ᕔ䴦ቯⱘ405ো⧁ᴎ಴໽⇨ⱘ݇㋏ˈ
ᓊ䖳ϔϾञᇣᯊ䍋亲DŽ
৘ԡᮙᅶ䂟⊼ᛣDŽॳᅮ݁咲䧬ᕲϞ⍋亯ᕔ䴦ዊⱘ405㰳⧁″಴໽⇷ⱘ䮰֖ˈ
ᓊ䙆ϔ‫ן‬ञᇣᰖ䍋亯DŽ
Gèwèi lǚkè qǐng zhùyì. Yuándìng liù diǎn zhōng cóng Shànghǎi fēiwǎng
Qīngdǎo de 405 hào bānjī yīn tiānqì de guānxi, yánchí yī gè bàn xiǎoshí qǐfēi.

192
Talking about clock time and calendar time

Questions
a. What time was the flight to Qingdao originally scheduled to depart?
b. How late will the flight be?
c. What is the reason for the delay?
Announcement 2
৘ԡᮙᅶ䇋⊼ᛣDŽҢϞ⍋亲ᕔϰҀⱘ337ো⧁ᴎ䖬᳝ϔࠏ䩳ህ㽕䍋亲њDŽ䇋䖬≵᳝
ⱏᴎⱘᮙᅶˈ偀ϞⱏᴎDŽ
৘ԡᮙᅶ䂟⊼ᛣDŽᕲϞ⍋亯ᕔᵅҀⱘ337㰳⧁″䙘᳝ϔࠏ䧬ህ㽕䍋亯њDŽ䂟䙘≦᳝
ⱏ″ⱘᮙᅶˈ侀Ϟⱏ″DŽ
Gèwèi lǚkè qǐng zhùyì. Cóng Shànghǎi fēiwǎng Dōngjīng de 337 hào bānjī hái
yǒu yī kè zhōng jiù yào qǐfēi le. Qǐng hái méi yǒu dēngjī de lǚkè, mǎshàng dēngjī.
Questions
d. What is the flight number from Shanghai to Tokyo?
e. When will the flight to Tokyo depart?
f. What is the purpose of this announcement?
Announcement 3
ॳᅮ೼10োⱏᴎ䮼ⱏᴎˈᰮ7⚍45ߚ亲ᕔӺᬺⱘ231ো⧁ᴎ಴ᬙপ⍜DŽ䇋Ьᅶࠄ
᳡ࡵৄࡲ⧚ᤶᴎ᠟㓁DŽ
ॳᅮ೼10㰳ⱏ″䭔ⱏ″ˈᰮ7咲45ߚ亯ᕔ‫׿‬ᬺⱘ231㰳⧁″಴ᬙপ⍜DŽ䂟Ьᅶࠄ
᳡ࢭৄ䕺⧚᦯″᠟㑠DŽ
Yuándìng zài 10 hào dēng jī mén dēngjī, wǎn 7 diǎn 45 fēn fēiwǎng Lúndūn de
231 hào bānjī yīn gù qǔxiāo. Qǐng chéngkè dào fúwùtái bànlǐ huànjī shǒuxù.
Questions
g. What time was flight 231 originally scheduled to depart?
h. Is there any specific reason given for the cancellation?
i. What are the passengers asked to do?
Announcement 4
Ң㡱ࡴહࠄϞ⍋ⱘ亲ᴎॳᅮ亲㸠ᯊ䯈कѠϾञᇣᯊDŽ಴Ў亢৥ⱘ݇㋏ˈᓊ䖳ϔϾ
ᇣᯊࠄ䖒DŽࠄ䖒ᯊ䯈Ўᰮб⚍DŽ
ᕲ㡱ࡴહࠄϞ⍋ⱘ亯″ॳᅮ亯㸠ᰖ䭧कѠ‫ן‬ञᇣᰖDŽ಴⠆乼৥ⱘ䮰֖ˈᓊ䙆ϔ‫ן‬
ᇣᰖࠄ䘨DŽࠄ䘨ᰖ䭧⠆ᰮб咲DŽ
Cóng Zhījiāgē dào Shànghǎi de fēijī yuándìng fēixíng shíjiān shí’èr gè bàn
xiǎoshí. Yīnwei fēng xiàng de guānxi, yánchí yī gè xiǎoshí dàodá. Dàodá
shíjiān wéi wǎn jiǔ diǎn.
Questions
j. How long will the flight be from Chicago to Shanghai?
k. What time was the flight from Chicago originally scheduled to arrive in Shanghai?
l. How late will the flight be?

193
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Announcement 5
ॳᅮҢ佭␃䍋亲8⚍ࠄ䖒ⱘ666ো⧁ᴎᏆ㒣ࠄ䖒DŽ䇋䖢᥹ᮙᅶⱘҎࠄ乚প㸠ᴢ໘᥹ᅶDŽ
ॳᅮᕲ佭␃䍋亯8咲ࠄ䘨ⱘ666㰳⧁″Ꮖ㍧ࠄ䘨DŽ䂟䖢᥹ᮙᅶⱘҎࠄ䷬প㸠ᴢ㰩᥹ᅶDŽ
Yuándìng cóng Xiānggǎng qǐfēi 8 diǎn dàodá de 666 hào bānjī yǐjing dàodá.
Qǐng yíngjiē lǚkè de rén dào lǐngqǔ xíngli chù jiē kè.
Questions
m. What is the status of flight 666?
n. Where are those people meeting passengers on flight 666 asked to go?
Announcement 6
ᴀ亲ᴎഎ䆒᳝ᣛᅮⱘ਌⚳ऎDŽ䇋਌⚳ⱘᮙᅶࠄᣛᅮⱘ਌⚳ऎ਌⚳DŽ
ᴀ亯″จ䀁᳝ᣛᅮⱘ਌✭औDŽ䂟਌✭ⱘᮙᅶࠄᣛᅮⱘ਌✭औ਌✭DŽ
Běn fēijīchǎng shèyiu zhǐdìng de xī yān qū. Qǐng xī yān de lǚkè dào zhǐdìng
de xīyān qū xī yān.
Question
o. Are you allowed to smoke in the airport?
➪ 48, 49, 50.1, 50.2
7 You are a professional wedding planner. Today you are meeting with the future
Mr. and Mrs. Mo to discuss their wedding plans. They plan to get married next
July 4th, which gives them a year to plan the wedding. Here’s a list of things
they need to include in their planning schedule. Using this information, write a
plan for Mr. and Mrs. Mo. For example: ᯢᑈϝ᳜ф៦ᣛ/ᯢᑈϝ᳜䊋៦ᣛ/
míngnián sānyuè mǎi jièzhǐ.

This Year
July–Sept. Book photographer, florist, makeup 䅶ᨘᕅᏜǃ㢅ᑫǃ࣪ཚᏜ/
㿖᫱ᕅ᏿ǃ㢅ᑫǃཱ࣪᏿ dìng shèyǐng shī, huādiàn,
huàzhuāngshī
Sept/Oct. Prepare guest list ‫އ‬ᅮ䇋ᅶৡऩ/≎ᅮ䂟ᅶৡஂ juédìng qǐngkè míngdān
Oct. Reserve location 䅶എഄ/㿖จഄ dìng chǎngdì
Nov. Book hotel 䅶佁ᑫ/㿖仃ᑫ dìng fàndiàn
Buy dress ф⼐᳡/䊋⾂᳡ mǎi lǐfú
Dec. Design invitation 䆒䅵䇋Ꮺ/䀁㿜䂟Ꮺ shèjì qǐngtiě
Next Year
Jan. Registry ⊼‫⼐ݠ‬⠽/䀏‫⾂ݞ‬⠽ zhùcè lǐwù

194
Talking about clock time and calendar time

Feb. Confirm all reservations ⹂䅸᠔᳝乘㑺乍Ⳃ/⺎䁡᠔᳝䷤㋘䷙Ⳃ

quèrèn suiyiu yùyuē xiàngmù
Mar Buy rings ф៦ᣛ/䊋៦ᣛ mǎi jièzhǐ
June Make seating chart ‫އ‬ᅮᑻԡ/≎ᅮᑻԡ juédìng zuòwèi
Finalize ceremony schedule ⹂ᅮ‫⿟⌕⼐݌‬/⺎ᅮ‫⿟⌕⾂݌‬
quèdìng diǎnlǐ liúchéng

195
50
Expressing obligations and
prohibitions
1 Mom is dropping ᇣᯢ Xiǎo Míng off at college. This is ᇣᯢ Xiǎo Míng’s
first semester and Mom is anxious. The following is what she says to
ᇣᯢ Xiǎo Míng. Translate it into Mandarin.
a. We have to go now.
b. Since you are alone at school, you have to take care of yourself.
c. You have to go to bed early and get up early.
d. Don’t go to bed too late.
e. Also, you have to go to class and turn in your assignments on time.
f. Don’t be nervous when taking exams.
g. If you have any problems, you should talk to your teacher.
h. If you do not feel comfortable, you should go to the hospital immediately.
i. Also, you have to call us every day.
➪ 50.1, 50.2
2 For each of the following signs, identify the word or phrase that indicates the
prohibition and translate it into English. Indicate the action that is being
prohibited and translate it into English.
a. ⽕ℶ䱣ഄ৤⯄DŽ Prohibition:
⽕ℶ䱼ഄ৤⯄DŽ Prohibited activity:
Jìnzhǐ suídì tǔtán.
b. 䇋࣓‫ذ‬䔺DŽ Prohibition:
䂟࣓‫ذ‬䒞DŽ Prohibited activity:
Qǐng wù tíng chē.
c. 䯆Ҏ‫ܡ‬䖯DŽ Prohibition:
䭥Ҏ‫ܡ‬䘆DŽ Prohibited activity:
Xián rén miǎn jìn.
d. ⽕ℶᢡ✻DŽ Prohibition:
Jìnzhǐ pāi zhào. Prohibited activity:

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e. Ϲ⽕䜦ৢᓔ䔺DŽ Prohibition:
ಈ⽕䜦ᕠ䭟䒞DŽ Prohibited activity:
Yán jìn jiǔ hòu kāi chē.
f. 䇋࣓਌⚳DŽ Prohibition:
䂟࣓਌✭DŽ Prohibited activity:
Qǐng wù xī yān.
➪ 50.2.3
3 Rephrase the warnings and prohibitions in (2) in colloquial form.
➪ 50.2
4 You are helping an international student, Yao Qiang, to find an apartment near
campus. Today he is about to sign the lease. Help him understand the lease by
translating these highlights of the agreement into Mandarin with the words
provided.

Terms: Landlord [᠓ϰ/᠓ᵅ fángdōng]; Resident [᠓ᅶ fángkè]

a. Rent: $1200 should be paid by the 5th of the month. [ᑨᔧ/ឝ⭊ yīngdāng]
b. Utilities: Resident must pay for internet themselves but does not have to
pay for water/electricity bills. [ᖙ乏 bìxū; ϡᖙ bùbì] [㔥䏃/㎆䏃 wǎnglù
‘internet’; ∈⬉/∈䳏 shuǐdiàn ‘water/electricity’]
c. Pets: No pets allowed. [ϡ䆌/ϡ䀅 bùxǔ][ᅴ⠽/ᇉ⠽ chǒngwù ‘pet’]
d. House rules: No smoking. No noise after 12:00 a.m. [⽕ℶ jìnzhǐ]
e. Guests: Guests staying over 15 days must have the consent of the landlord.
Guests staying fewer than 15 days do not need permission. [ᖙ乏 bìxū;
᮴乏/⛵䷜ wú xū]
5 Based on your own experience, give Yao Qiang more tips on the Dos and Don’ts
of being a good tenant.

NOTE For additional exercises involving obligations and prohibitions, see Chapter 51.

197
51
Expressing commands and
permission
1 Rewrite these expressions of permission as commands.
Example: Դৃҹ健㞾㸠䔺এDŽ - 健㞾㸠䔺এ৻ʽ
Դৃҹ俢㞾㸠䒞এDŽ 俢㞾㸠䒞এ৻ʽ
Nǐ kěyǐ qí zìxíngchē qù. Qí zìxíngchē qù ba!
You can go by bicycle. Go by bicycle!
a. Դৃҹⳟ⬉㾚DŽ
Դৃҹⳟ䳏㽪DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ kàn diànshì.
You can watch television.
b. Դৃҹ㒭Դⱘᓳᓳᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
Դৃҹ㌺Դⱘᓳᓳᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ gěi nǐ de dìdi dǎ diànhuà.
You can call your younger brother.
c. Դৃҹৗ佁DŽ
Դৃҹৗ仃DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ chī fàn.
You can eat.
d. ԴৃҹএⳟཊཊDŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ qù kàn nǎinai.
You can go to see grandma.
e. Դৃҹ䇈䆱DŽ
Դৃҹ䁾䁅DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ shuō huà.
You can speak.
f. Դৃҹⴵ㾝DŽ
Դৃҹⴵ㾎DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ shuì jiào.
You can go to sleep.

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g. ԴৃҹಲᆊDŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ huí jiā.
You can go home.
h. Դৃҹ⋫╵DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ xǐ zǎo.
You can take a bath.
➪ 51.1.1, 51.2.1
2 Here is a list of the rules in ਼߽ Zhōu Lì’s dorm. Rewrite the list in complete
sentences in Mandarin.
Permissible activities
a. smoking in common room [݀⫼ⱘ᠓䯈/݀⫼ⱘ᠓䭧 gōng yòng de fángjiān
common room]
b. cooking in common room
c. watching television in room
d. inviting friends to room
Impermissible activities
e. smoking in room
f. drinking alcohol in the dorm
g. playing loud music
h. cooking in room
Required activities
i. dispose of your trash every day [ൗഒ lājī trash, ᠨᥝ rēngdiào throw away]
j. return to the dorm by 10 p.m.
k. turn your lights out by 11:30 p.m. [݇♃/䮰➜ guān dēng turn out lights]
➪ 50.2.1, 51.1.1, 51.2.1
3 This is the first day of Chinese language class. The teacher tells the students the
following rules. Translate them into Mandarin.
a. Don’t come to class late.
b. No eating in class.
c. No drinking in class.
d. Before class begins, turn off your cell phone.
e. Students are not allowed to send text messages during class.
f. Students are not allowed to turn in assignments late.
[Ѹ԰Ϯ/Ѹ԰ὁ jiāo zuòyè hand in homework]
g. Before coming to class, review the lesson.
h. Raise your hand if you have a question. [В᠟/㟝᠟ jǔ shǒu raise one’s hand]
➪ 50.2, 51.1, 51.2

199
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

4 ᇣ↯ Xiǎo Máo missed his first Chinese language class. ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng tells
him the rules. Write down what ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng says. For rules a–f, begin each
sentence with the following expression:
㗕Ꮬϡ䅽៥ӀĂ
㗕᏿ϡ䅧៥‫ץ‬Ă
Lǎoshī bù ràng women . . .
The teacher won’t let us . . .
Express rules g and h as strong obligations with ᕫ děi, ᖙᕫ bìděi, or
ᖙ乏/ᖙ䷜ bìxū ‘must.’
➪ 50.2, 51.1, 51.2.2
5 Detective Johnson is interrogating a suspect who only speaks Chinese.
You are the translator on this case. Help Detective Johnson with the process
by translating for both parties.

English Mandarin

Detective Sit!

Detective You are Jiāng Sōng, right? ∳ᵒ

Detective Say it, who told you to steal

that vase? [㢅⫊ huāpíng vase]

Suspect ≵Ҏ䅽៥ًDŽ៥ৃҹᢑ⚳৫˛
≦Ҏ䅧៥ًDŽ៥ৃҹᢑ✭஢˛
Méirén rang wǒ tōu.
Wǒ kěyǐ chōu yān ma?

Detective No smoking here. But you can

have a glass of water. Hold it!

Later

Detective Are you ready to write your

confession? [㞾ⱑ zìbái
confession] Write!

200
52
Expressing ability and
possibility
1 ᓴᇣྤ/ᔉᇣྤ Zhāng xiǎojie is making a list of her credentials in preparation
for a job search. Describe her abilities in Mandarin, using the modal verb
Ӯ/᳗ huì in your answers.
Example: drive a car - ៥Ӯᓔ䔺DŽ ៥ϡӮᓔ䔺DŽ
៥᳗䭟䒞DŽ ៥ϡ᳗䭟䒞DŽ
Wǒ huì kāi chē. Wǒ bù huì kāi chē.
I can drive. I can’t drive.
I can I am not able to
a. speak Japanese e. speak Chinese
b. sing (very well) f. drive
c. dance g. use a computer
d. play basketball
➪ 52.1
2 Rearrange the phrases in the following sentences to correspond to the English
sentences.
a. 㛑 ∝ᄫ Դϔ໽ ໮ᇥ ᄺ˛
㛑 ⓶ᄫ Դϔ໽ ໮ᇥ ᅌ˛
néng Hàn zì nǐ yītiān duōshao xué?
How many Chinese characters can you learn in a day?
b. 㗗ད 䖭⃵ 㛑 ϔᅮ ៥
㗗ད 䗭⃵ 㛑 ϔᅮ ៥
kǎo hǎo zhècì néng yīdìng wǒ
I can definitely do well on the test this time.
c. ৠሟ ៥ⱘ ϡ㛑 ⮙њ এϞ䇒DŽ
ৠሟ ៥ⱘ ϡ㛑 ⮙њ এϞ䂆DŽ
tóngwū wǒ de bù néng bìng le qù shàng kè.
My roommate is sick and can’t go to class.

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d. ≵џ এⳟ⬉ᕅ ៥ᰮϞ 㛑䎳ԴӀDŽ

≦џ এⳟ䳏ᕅ ៥ᰮϞ 㛑䎳Դ‫ץ‬DŽ
méi shì qù kàn diànyǐng wǒ wǎnshang néng gēn nǐmen.
I am free this evening, (I) can go to the movie with you.
➪ 52.1
3 Here is a short conversation between two students waiting for a friend. Translate
the conversation into English.
A: Դ㾝ᕫҪҞ໽ᰮϞӮᴹ৫˛
Դ㾎ᕫҪҞ໽ᰮϞ᳗՚஢˛
Nǐ juéde tā jīntiān wǎnshang huì lái ma?
B: ៥ᛇҪϔᅮӮᴹDŽ
៥ᛇҪϔᅮ᳗՚DŽ
Wǒ xiǎng tā yīdìng huì lái de.
A: Ԛᰃ໽⇨乘᡹䇈Ҟ໽ᰮϞӮϟ໻䲾DŽ
Ԛᰃ໽⇷䷤ฅ䁾Ҟ໽ᰮϞ᳗ϟ໻䲾DŽ
Dànshì tiānqì yùbào shuō jīntiān wǎnshang huì xià dà xuě.
B: བᵰϟ໻䲾ҪህϡӮᴹњDŽ
བᵰϟ໻䲾Ҫህϡ᳗՚њDŽ
Rúguǒ xià dà xuě tā jiù bù huì lái le.
➪ 52.1, 52.2
4 Read this passage and answer the following questions in complete sentences
in Mandarin.
㗕⥟৥ᴹᕜ㛑ୱ䜦DŽৃᰃ᳔䖥䑿ԧϡདˈ໻໿䇈Ҫϡ㛑‫ݡ‬ୱ䜦њDŽҪাৃҹୱ
ৃФˈ≑∈ˈ㤊ˈҔМⱘˈህᰃϡ㛑ୱ䜦DŽ㗕⥟ᛇҪ⮙ϔདህৃҹୱ䜦њDŽ
≵ᛇࠄˈࠡϸ໽Ҫୱњϔ⚍䜦ህ㾝ᕫᕜϡ㟦᳡DŽৢᴹˈ᳟ট䇋Ҫୱ䜦ˈҪህ䇈
þ៥㛑ୱ䜦ৃᰃ៥ϡৃҹୱ䜦њDŽÿ
㗕⥟৥՚ᕜ㛑ୱ䜦DŽৃᰃ᳔䖥䑿储ϡདˈ໻໿䁾Ҫϡ㛑‫ݡ‬ୱ䜦њDŽҪাৃҹୱ
ৃῖˈ≑∈ˈ㤊ˈ⫮咑ⱘˈህᰃϡ㛑ୱ䜦DŽ㗕⥟ᛇҪ⮙ϔདህৃҹୱ䜦њDŽ
≦ᛇࠄˈࠡܽ໽Ҫୱњϔ咲䜦ህ㾎ᕫᕜϡ㟦᳡DŽᕠ՚ˈ᳟ট䂟Ҫୱ䜦ˈҪህ䁾
þ៥㛑ୱ䜦ৃᰃ៥ϡৃҹୱ䜦њDŽÿ
Lǎo Wáng xiànglái hěn néng hē jiǔ. Kěshì zuì jìn shēntǐ bù hǎo, dàifu shuō
tā bù néng zài hē jiǔ le. Tā zhǐ kěyǐ hē kělè, qìshuǐ, chá, shénmede, jiù shì bù
néng hē jiǔ. Lǎo Wáng xiǎng tā bìng yī hǎo jiù kěyǐ hē jiǔ le. Méi xiǎngdào,
qián liǎng tiān tā hē le yīdiǎn jiǔ jiù juéde hěn bù shūfú. Hòulái, péngyou
qǐng tā hē jiǔ, tā jiù shuō ‘wǒ néng hē jiǔ kěshì wǒ bù kěyǐ hē jiǔ le.’
a. 㗕⥟৥ᴹৃҹୱᕜ໮䜦ˈᇍϡᇍ˛
㗕⥟৥՚ৃҹୱᕜ໮䜦ˈᇡϡᇡ˛
Lǎo Wáng xiànglái kěyǐ hē hěn duō jiǔ, duì bù duì?
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Expressing ability and possibility

b. ໻໿ЎҔМϡ䅽㗕⥟ୱ䜦њ˛
໻໿⠆⫮咑ϡ䅧㗕⥟ୱ䜦њ˛
Dàifu wéi shénme bù ràng Lǎo Wáng hē jiǔ le?
c. 㗕⥟ৃҹୱҔМ˛
㗕⥟ৃҹୱ⫮咑˛
Lǎo Wáng kěyǐ hē shénme?
d. 㗕⥟䅸ЎҪҔМᯊ‫ৃ׭‬ҹ‫ݡ‬ୱ䜦˛
㗕⥟䁡⠆Ҫ⫮咑ᰖ‫ৃ׭‬ҹ‫ݡ‬ୱ䜦˛
Lǎo Wáng rènwéi tā shénme shíhòu kěyǐ zài hē jiǔ?
e. ࠡϸ໽Ҫୱњ䜦ҹৢ㾝ᕫᗢМḋ˛
ࠡܽ໽Ҫୱњ䜦ҹᕠ㾎ᕫᗢ咑ῷ˛
Qián liǎng tiān tā hē le jiǔ yǐhòu juéde zěnmeyàng?
f. ৢᴹ᳟ট䇋Ҫୱ䜦ᯊҪ䇈ҔМ˛
ᕠ՚᳟ট䂟Ҫୱ䜦ᰖҪ䁾⫮咑˛
Hòulái péngyou qǐng tā hē jiǔ tā shuō shénme?
➪ 52
5 You are working in a bakery that makes fortune cookies. Your task is to write
some new, interesting fortunes. You’ve just written a– d. Translate them into
Mandarin and then write two more.
a. Tonight you will meet a beautiful girl. She will give you her phone number.
b. Do you speak Chinese? After you learn Chinese, you can go work in China.
c. This Saturday someone will buy you dinner.
d. There’s a little shop next to the restaurant. After dinner, go there and buy a
lottery ticket [Ф䗣ࠌ/ῖ䗣ࠌ lètòuquàn]. You will win! [Ё༪/Ё⤢
zhòngjiǎng]
e. (Create your own) ________________________________________________________
f. (Create your own) ________________________________________________________

203
53
Expressing desires, needs,
preferences, and willingness
1 Complete these sentences by adding Ꮰᳯ xīwàng, 㽕 yào, ᜓᛣ/丬ᛣ yuànyì, ᅕ
ৃ/ᆻৃ nìngkě, ‫أ‬⠅/‫أ‬ᛯ piān’ài, or ᚙᜓ/ᚙ丬 qíng yuàn as appropriate.
a. ៥↩Ϯҹৢϔᅮ ________ Ꮉ԰DŽ
៥⬶ὁҹᕠϔᅮ ________ Ꮉ԰DŽ
Wǒ bìyè yǐhòu yīdìng ________ gōngzuò.
b. ៥ ________ 㛑೼ᬓᑰᎹ԰DŽ
Wǒ ________ néng zài zhèngfǔ gōngzuò.
c. ៥ ________ ᔧ䆥㗙DŽ >ᔧ䆥㗙⭊䅃㗙 dāng yì zhě ‘be a translator’]
៥ ________ ⭊䅃㗙DŽ
Wǒ ________ dāng yì zhě.
d. 㽕ᰃҪӀ ________ 㒭៥䖭ϾᎹ԰៥ህ催݈ᵕњDŽ
㽕ᰃҪ‫ ________ ץ‬㌺៥䗭‫ן‬Ꮉ԰៥ህ催㟜ὉњDŽ
Yàoshi tāmen ________ gěi wǒ zhège gōngzuò wǒ jiù gāoxìngjíle.
e. 㽕ᰃҪӀϡ㽕㒭៥䖭ϾᎹ԰៥ ________ ϡ೼ᬓᑰ‫خ‬џњDŽ
㽕ᰃҪ‫ץ‬ϡ㽕㌺៥䗭‫ן‬Ꮉ԰៥ ________ ϡ೼ᬓᑰ‫خ‬џњDŽ
Yàoshi tāmen bù yào gěi wǒ zhège gōngzuò wǒ ________ bù zài zhèngfǔ
zuòshì le.
f. ៥ ________ ᇥ䌮䪅гᏠᳯ㛑೼ᬓᑰ䚼䮼Ꮉ԰DŽ
៥ ________ ᇥ䋎䣶гᏠᳯ㛑೼ᬓᑰ䚼䭔Ꮉ԰DŽ
Wǒ ________ shǎo zhuànqián yě xīwàng néng zài zhèngfǔ bùmén gōngzuò.
g. ‫ݰ‬ᴥ⫳⌏㱑✊㡄㢺ˈԚ៥ ________ ࠄ‫ݰ‬ᴥএᎹ԰DŽ
䖆ᴥ⫳⌏䲪✊㡅㢺ˈԚ៥ ________ ࠄ䖆ᴥএᎹ԰DŽ
Nóngcūn shēnghuó suīrán jiānkǔ, dàn wǒ ________ dào nóngcūn qù
gōngzuò.
➪ 53

2 You are interviewing four college seniors about their post-graduation plans.
Write up the interview in Mandarin.
a. You: Ask the students what they want to do after they graduate.

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b. ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng says that he plans to go to China to look for a job.

c. ૤⥿⦆ Táng Méilíng says that she hopes to have the opportunity to study
for a Ph.D.
d. ਼߽ Zhōu Lì says that he needs to find a job. He says he prefers to work in
his own country [೑‫ݙ‬/೟ܻ guónèi] and that he is not willing to work
abroad [೑໪/೟໪ guówài].
➪ 53
3 You and a friend have gone to a restaurant for dinner. Complete your part of the
conversation in Mandarin according to the cues. Translate the server’s responses
into English.
a. You: Request seats in the non-smoking section.
b. ᳡ࡵਬ˖ᇍϡ䍋ˈ៥Ӏ≵᳝᮴⚳ⱘᑻԡDŽԴᜓᛣത೼䙷䖍৫˛
᳡ࢭવ˖ᇡϡ䍋ˈ៥‫≦ץ‬᳝⛵✭ⱘᑻԡDŽԴ丬ᛣത೼䙷䙞஢˛
Fúwùyuán: Duìbuqǐ, wǒmen méi yǒu wúyān de zuòwèi. Nǐ yuànyi zuò
zài nàbiān ma?
c. You: Say that you hope that the people in that area won’t smoke. Say that
you’d prefer to sit upstairs.
d. ᳡ࡵਬ˖≵䯂乬DŽὐϞ᳝ᑻԡDŽ
᳡ࢭવ˖≦ଣ丠DŽῧϞ᳝ᑻԡDŽ
Fúwùyuán: Méi wèntí. Lóushàng yǒu zuòwèi.
e. ᳡ࡵਬ˖ԴӀ㽕ҔМ㦰˛
᳡ࢭવ˖Դ‫ץ‬㽕⫮咑㦰˛
Fúwùyuán: Nǐmen yào shénme cài?
f. Say that you would like two dishes and a soup. Say that you hope that they
don’t add too much m.s.g. [ੇ㊒ wèijīng monosodium glutamate, m.s.g.]
g. ᳡ࡵਬ˖ԴӀ䖬䳔㽕ϔ⚍ҔМ˛
᳡ࢭવ˖Դ‫ץ‬䙘䳔㽕ϔ咲⫮咑˛
Fúwùyuán: Nǐmen hái xūyào yīdiǎn shénme?
h. You: Say that you also want a bottle of beer and that you don’t want
anything else.
➪ 53

4 The Zhuang family is doing some spring cleaning and Mrs. Zhuang has assigned
tasks to each of her five children, as indicated in Table A. The children swap
assignments based on their preferences, and their final assignments are listed in
Table B. Complete their discussion based on the information in these tables.

205
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Table A: Original assignments

㗕໻ 㗕Ѡ 㗕ϝ 㗕ಯ 㗕Ѩ

ᠿഄ ⋫ᑞऩ ᪺に᠋ ⋫⹫ ᬊᣒ᠓䯈

ᥗഄ ⋫ᑞஂ ᪺に᠊ ⋫⹫ ᬊᣒ᠓䭧
sǎo dì xǐ chuángdān cā chuānghù xǐ wǎn shōushí fángjiān
sweep wash the sheets clean the windows wash the dishes clean up the rooms

Table B: Assignments after the swap

㗕໻ 㗕Ѡ 㗕ϝ 㗕ಯ 㗕Ѩ

᪺に᠋ ᠿഄ ⋫ᑞऩ Will pay 㗕Ѩ ⋫⹫+ᬊᣒ᠓䯈

᪺に᠊ ᥗഄ ⋫ᑞஂ $5.00 ⋫⹫+ᬊᣒ᠓䭧
cā chuānghù sǎodì xǐ chuángdān xǐ wǎn + shōushí fángjiān

㗕໻˖ ៥ _________________ гϡ㽕 _________________DŽ ᅕৃ

៥ _________________ гϡ㽕 _________________DŽ ᆻৃ
lǎo dà: Wǒ _________________ yě bùyào _________________. (nìngkě)

㗕Ѡ˖ ៥ _________________ˈ_________________ 䎳៥Ѹᤶ˛ ᜓᛣ

៥ _________________ˈ_________________ 䎳៥Ѹ᦯˛ 丬ᛣ
lǎo èr: Wǒ _________________, _________________ gēn wǒ jiāohuàn? (yuànyì)
㗕ϝ˖ ៥ _________________ гϡ㽕 _________________DŽ ᚙᜓ
៥ _________________ гϡ㽕 _________________DŽ ᚙ丬
lǎo sān: Wǒ _________________ yě bùyào _________________. (qíng yuàn)
㗕ಯ˖ ᳝≵᳝Ҏ㽕ᐂ៥‫˛خ‬៥Ҟ໽ _________________ˈા‫ܓ‬᳝ᯊ䯈⋫⹫ʽ ᕫ
᳝≦᳝Ҏ㽕ᐿ៥‫˛خ‬៥Ҟ໽ _________________ˈા‫ܦ‬᳝ᰖ䭧⋫⹫ʽ ᕫ
lǎo sì: Yǒu méi yǒu rén yào bāng wǒ zuò? Wǒ jīntiān _________________,
nǎr yǒu shíjiān xǐwǎn! (děi)
㗕Ѩ˖ ཛྷཛྷᘏᰃ _________________ˈ㗕ಯⱘᎹ԰↨䕗ᆍᯧʽ ‫أ‬⠅
႑႑㐑ᰃ _________________ˈ㗕ಯⱘᎹ԰↨䓗ᆍᯧʽ ‫أ‬ᛯ
lǎo wǔ: Māma zǒngshì _________________. Lǎosì de gōngzuò bǐjiào róngyì!
(piān’ài)

206
54
Expressing knowledge, advice,
and opinions
1 Translate the following sentences into Mandarin using Ӯ/᳗ huì, 䅸䆚/䁡䄬
rènshi, or ⶹ䘧 zhīdao as appropriate.
a. I can speak a little Japanese.
b. I know where the library is.
c. I know that person.
d. Don’t worry. I know the road, and I am able to find it.
e. I know of him, but I don’t know him (personally).
f. I know this character, but I don’t know how to write it.
g. I know why he is not coming.
➪ 54.1
2 Choose the appropriate word from the following list to complete each sentence:
ᛇ xiǎng, 䅸Ў/䁡⠆ rènwéi, ҹЎ/ҹ⠆ yǐwéi, ⳟ kàn.
a. ϟ䲼њDŽ៥ ________ ៥Ӏ߿ߎএৗ佁њ৻DŽ
ϟ䲼њDŽ៥ ________ ៥‫ߎ߹ץ‬এৗ仃њ৻DŽ
Xià yǔ le. Wǒ ________ wǒmen bié chūqu chī fàn le ba.
It’s raining. I think we shouldn’t go out to eat.
b. ਀䇈Դ⮙њˈ៥ ________ ԴϡᴹϞ䇒њDŽᗢМᴹњ˛
㙑䁾Դ⮙њˈ៥ ________ Դϡ՚Ϟ䂆њDŽᗢ咑՚њ˛
Tīngshuō nǐ bìng le, wǒ ________ nǐ bù lái shàng kè le. Zěnme lái le?
I heard you were sick, and I thought you would not come to class.
Why did you come?
c. ៥ϡ ________ 䖭Ͼ㗕ᏜᕜདDŽ
៥ϡ ________ 䗭‫ן‬㗕᏿ᕜདDŽ
Wǒ bù ________ zhège lǎoshī hěn hǎo.
I don’t think this teacher is very good.

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d. ϡ㽕䅽ᄺ⫳ ________ ‫ݭ‬ᄫ↨䇈䆱䞡㽕DŽ

ϡ㽕䅧ᅌ⫳ ________ ᆿᄫ↨䁾䁅䞡㽕DŽ
Bù yào ràng xuésheng ________ xiě zì bǐ shuō huà zhòngyào.
Don’t let the students think that writing characters is more important
than speaking.
e. ៥ϾҎ ________ ៥Ӏϡᑨ䆹䖭ḋ‫خ‬DŽ
៥‫ן‬Ҏ ________ ៥‫ץ‬ϡឝ䁆䗭ῷ‫خ‬DŽ
Wǒ gèrén ________ wǒmen bù yīnggāi zhèyàng zuò.
I personally think that we should not do it this way.
f. Դ ________ া᳝ԴϔϾҎ䅸䆚䖭Ͼᄫ৫˛
Դ ________ া᳝Դϔ‫ן‬Ҏ䁡䄬䗭‫ן‬ᄫ஢˛
Nǐ ________ zhǐ yǒu nǐ yī gè rén rènshi zhège zì ma?
Do you think you are the only one who recognizes this character?
➪ 54.2
3 Your friend is asking for your advice. Tell your friend to do as he/she pleases as in
the following example.
Example: Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹ୱҔМ˛ - ԴᛇୱҔМህୱҔМDŽ
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆ୱ⫮咑˛ Դᛇୱ⫮咑ህୱ⫮咑DŽ
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi Nǐ xiǎng hē shénme jiù
hē shénme? hē shénme.
What do you think I should drink? Drink whatever you want.
a. Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹䯂䇕˛
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆ଣ䂄˛
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi wèn shéi?
Who do you think I should ask?
b. Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹এા‫˛ܓ‬
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆এા‫˛ܦ‬
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi qù nǎr?
Where do you think I should go?
c. Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹фાϾ˛
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆䊋ા‫˛ן‬
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi mǎi nǎge?
Which one do you think I should buy?
d. Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹ৗҔМ˛
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆ৗ⫮咑˛
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi chī shénme?
What do you think I should eat?

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e. Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹‫׳‬໮ᇥ˛
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆‫׳‬໮ᇥ˛
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi jiè duōshǎo?
How much do you think I should borrow?
f. Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹ᗢМএ˛
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆ᗢ咑এ˛
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi zěnme qù?
How do you think I should go?
g. Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹䗝ા䮼䇒˛
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆䙌ા䭔䂆˛
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi xuǎn nǎ mén kè?
Which class do you think I should take?
h. Դᛇ៥ᑨ䆹ⳟાϾ⬉ᕅ˛
Դᛇ៥ឝ䁆ⳟા‫ן‬䳏ᕅ˛
Nǐ xiǎng wǒ yīnggāi kàn nǎge diànyǐng?
Which movie do you think I should see?
➪ 54.2.4
4 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences in
Mandarin. [ϡҹЎ✊/ϡҹ⚎✊ bù yǐwéi rán ‘to think otherwise’]
៥䅸Ў⦄೼Ё೑ⱘ⾕Ҏ≑䔺໾໮њDŽ៥䅸䆚ⱘҎ䛑᳝䔺 DŽҪӀ䇈಴ЎѸ䗮ϡᮍ
֓ˈাདф䔺DŽ៥㾝ᕫҪӀϡᑨ䆹ф䔺DŽ಴Ў㄀ϔˈ៥ⳟҪӀϡ໾Ӯᓔ䔺ˈ㄀Ѡˈ
≵᳝‫ذ‬䔺ⱘഄᮍDŽ៥ҹЎ≑⊍ⱘӋ䪅催њҎህϡф䔺њDŽ≵ᛇࠄˈҪӀϡҹЎ✊ˈ
䖬䅸Ў᳝䔺ᠡ᳝䴶ᄤDŽ
៥䁡⠆⧒೼Ё೟ⱘ⾕Ҏ≑䒞໾໮њDŽ៥䁡䄬ⱘҎ䛑᳝䒞 DŽҪ‫ץ‬䁾಴⠆Ѹ䗮ϡᮍ
֓ˈাད䊋䒞DŽ៥㾎ᕫҪ‫ץ‬ϡឝ䁆䊋䒞DŽ಴⠆㄀ϔˈ៥ⳟҪ‫ץ‬ϡ໾᳗䭟䒞ˈ㄀Ѡˈ
≦᳝‫ذ‬䒞ⱘഄᮍDŽ៥ҹ⠆≑⊍ⱘ‫ۍ‬䣶催њҎህϡ䊋䒞њDŽ≦ᛇࠄˈҪ‫ץ‬ϡҹ⠆✊ˈ
䙘䁡⠆᳝䒞ᠡ᳝䴶ᄤDŽ
Wǒ rènwéi xiànzài Zhōngguó de sīrén qìchē tài duō le. Wǒ rènshi de rén dōu
yǒu chē. Tāmen shuō yīnwéi jiāotōng bù fāngbiàn, zhǐ hǎo mǎi chē. Wǒ juéde
tāmen bù yīnggāi mǎi chē. Yīnwéi dì yī, wǒ kàn tāmen bù tài huì kāi chē,
dì èr, méi yǒu tíng chē de dìfang. Wǒ yǐwéi qìyóu de jiàqian gāo le rén jiù
bù mǎi chē le. Méi xiǎngdào, tāmen bùyǐwéirán, hái rènwéi yǒu chē cái yǒu
miànzi.
a. In the narrator’s opinion, what is the main reason why people should not
buy cars?
b. What reason do people give for buying their own cars?

209
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

c. In the narrator’s opinion, what is the main reason why people want their
own cars?
d. Do you think that the narrator owns a car? Why or why not?
e. What is the narrator surprised about?
f. What advice do you think the narrator would give to a friend who wanted
to buy a car?
➪ 54.2
5 What do you say in these situations? Express your opinions, advice or inquiries
with the words provided.
a. Your roommate asked if her outfit is appropriate for her job interview today.
Tell her with honesty: wearing this outfit, people would think she was
already 40 years old. Tell her she should wear that white one.
[ҹЎ/yǐwéi; ᑨ䆹/ឝ䁆 yīnggāi]
b. Tell your friend it looks like you will have to cancel your date for dinner
tomorrow because you can’t finish your work in time. [៥ⳟĂ wǒ kàn . . . ]
c. You are a journalist writing a piece about Chinese history. You are calling
a Chinese history professor because you have some questions about Chinese
history that you would like to ask her about. [䇋ᬭ/䂟ᬭ qǐngjiào]
d. Your friend turns to you for advice: her parents want her to major in biology
but she has always been interested in visual arts. [᳔ད zuì hǎo]
e. Your little brother keeps bothering you with unimportant questions all
morning while you are trying to study for a mid-term tomorrow. Finally,
when he walks into your room and asks what you two should eat for lunch,
you lose your patience and tell him that he can eat whatever
he wants to. It doesn’t matter to you. [ҔМĂህҔМĂ/⫮咐Ăህ⫮咐Ă
shénme . . . jiù shénme . . . ]

210
55
Expressing fear, worry,
and anxiety
1 Your friend ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ, little Li, is afraid of, or worried about, everything. You
have to constantly tell ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ not to be afraid. When ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ says the
following to you, what do you say?
Example: ៥ᗩ⢫DŽ - ߹ ϡ㽕 ᗩ⢫DŽ
Wǒ pà gǒu. Bié (bù yào) pà gǒu.
I am afraid of dogs. Don’t be afraid of dogs.
a. ៥ᗩ‫ދ‬DŽ
Wǒ pà lěng.
I’m afraid of the cold.
b. ៥ᗩ䙷Ͼ㗕ᏜDŽ
៥ᗩ䙷‫ן‬㗕᏿DŽ
Wǒ pà nàge lǎoshī.
I’m afraid of that teacher.
c. ៥ᗩᓔ䔺DŽ
៥ᗩ䭟䒞DŽ
Wǒ pà kāi chē.
I’m afraid to drive.
d. ៥ᗩ≵᳝ҎᴹDŽ
៥ᗩ≦᳝Ҏ՚DŽ
Wǒ pà méi rén lái.
I’m afraid no one will show up.
e. ៥ᗩ៥ᄺϡӮDŽ
៥ᗩ៥ᅌϡ᳗DŽ
Wǒ pà wǒ xuébuhuì.
I’m afraid I won’t be able to learn (it).
f. ៥ᗩᰮϞϔϾҎ䍄䏃DŽ
៥ᗩᰮϞϔ‫ן‬Ҏ䍄䏃DŽ
Wǒ pà wǎnshang yī gè rén zǒu lù.
I’m afraid of walking alone at night.

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g. ៥ᕜᆇᗩ㗗䆩DŽ
៥ᕜᆇᗩ㗗䀺DŽ
Wǒ hěn hàipà kǎoshì.
I’m very afraid of exams.
h. 㗗䆩ⱘᯊ‫׭‬៥ᕜ㋻ᓴDŽ
㗗䀺ⱘᰖ‫׭‬៥ᕜ㎞ᔉDŽ
Kǎoshì de shíhou wǒ hěn jǐnzhāng.
When I take tests I am very nervous.
➪ 55.1
2 Select the appropriate expression from among the following to fill in the blanks
and complete the passage: ᗩ pà, ᘤᗩ kǒngpà, ᆇᗩ hàipà, ৃᗩ kěpà, ᘤᗪ
kǒngbù, ১/౛ xià, ᗩ⅏ pàsǐ, ㋻ᓴ/㎞ᔉ jǐnzhāng, ⴔᗹ zháojí,
ᘤᚻ/ᘤ័ kǒngjù.
៥䅸Ў (a)________ 儐ⱘҎ᳔ৃュDŽϪ⬠Ϟᴀᴹ≵᳝儐DŽҪӀ (b)________
䖭ϾϪ⬠ϡхDŽϔᅮ㽕ᡒϔϾ≵᳝ⱘϰ㽓ᴹ (c)________ 㞾ᏅDŽᡞ儐䇈ᕫ໮М
(d)________ˈϔ਀㾕þ儐ÿ䖭Ͼᄫˈህ (e)________ˈህ (f )________ˈ
ህ (g)________ ᕫϡᕫњDŽ
៥䁡⠆ (a)________ 儐ⱘҎ᳔ৃュDŽϪ⬠Ϟᴀ՚≦᳝儐DŽҪ‫( ץ‬b)________
䗭‫ן‬Ϫ⬠ϡіDŽϔᅮ㽕ᡒϔ‫≦ן‬᳝ⱘᵅ㽓՚ (c)________ 㞾ᏅDŽᡞ儐䁾ᕫ໮咑
(d)________ˈϔ㙑㽟þ儐ÿ䗭‫ן‬ᄫˈህ (e)________ˈህ (f )________ˈ
ህ (g)________ ᕫϡᕫњDŽ
Wǒ rènwéi (a)________ guǐ de rén zuì kěxiào. Shìjiè shàng běnlái méi yǒu guǐ.
Tāmen (b)________ zhège shìjiè bù luàn. Yīdìng yào zhǎo yī gè méi yǒu de
dōngxi lái (c)________ zìjǐ. Bǎ guǐ shuō de duōme (d)________, yī tīngjiàn ‘guǐ’
zhège zì, jiù (e)________, jiù (f )________, jiù (g)________ de bùdeliǎo.
➪ 55.1–55.5
3 You are a therapist working with an anxiety support group. Today is the first
meeting, and participants are taking turns expressing their anxieties. Complete
their sentences by adding the appropriate expressions.
Participant 1: ៥ ___________ 䎳Ҏ䇈䆱DŽ(afraid of )
៥ ___________ 䎳Ҏ䁾䁅DŽ
Wǒ ___________ gēn rén shuō huà.
Participant 2: ϔᛇࠄ㽕এҎ໮ⱘഄᮍˈ៥ᖗ䞠ህ ___________DŽ(filled with fear)
ϔᛇࠄ㽕এҎ໮ⱘഄᮍˈ៥ᖗ㺣ህ ___________DŽ
Yī xiǎng dào yào qù rén duō de dìfang, wǒ xīnlǐ jiù ___________.
Participant 3: ៥ᐌᐌ ___________ ߿Ҏ೼ⳟ៥DŽ (worry about)
Wǒ chángcháng ___________ biérén zài kàn wǒ

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Expressing fear, worry, and anxiety

Participant 4: ៥㾝ᕫҎ໮ⱘഄᮍᕜ ___________DŽ(scary)

៥㾎ᕫҎ໮ⱘഄᮍᕜ ___________DŽ
Wǒ juéde rén duō de dìfang hěn ___________.
Participant 5: ϡㅵ៥㽕খࡴҔМ⌏ࡼˈϔϸϾ᯳ᳳҹࠡ៥ህᓔྟ ___________DŽ
(nervous)
ϡㅵ៥㽕গࡴ⫮咐⌏ࢩˈϔܽ‫ן‬᯳ᳳҹࠡ៥ህ䭟ྟ ___________DŽ
Bù guǎn wǒ yào cānjiā shénme huódòng, yī liǎng ge xīngqī
yǐqián wǒ jiù kāishǐ ___________.

213
56
Expressing speaker attitudes
and perspectives with
interjections and final particles
1 Add an appropriate interjection to each sentence.
a. ________ˈҪӀᗢМ䖬≵ᴹଞ˛
________ˈҪ‫ץ‬ᗢ咑䙘≦՚ଞ˛
________, tāmen zěnme hái méi lái a?
How come they are still not here?
b. ________ˈԴⳳⱘϡএ଺ʽ
________, nǐ zhēnde bù qù la!
It’s true that you are not going!
c. ________ˈ䖬ᰃᕫ਀៥ⱘ৻ʽ
________ˈ䙘ᰃᕫ㙑៥ⱘ৻ʽ
________, háishi děi tīng wǒ de ba!
In the end you have to listen to me!
d. ________ˈ⬉ᕅህ㽕ᓔྟњDŽ៥Ӏᕫ䖯এњDŽ
________ˈ䳏ᕅህ㽕䭟ྟњDŽ៥‫ץ‬ᕫ䘆এњDŽ
________, diànyǐng jiù yào kāishǐ le. Wǒmen děi jìnqu le.
The movie is about to start. We have to go in.
e. ________ˈԴৃᴹњDŽ䛑ᡞ៥ᛇ⅏њDŽ
________ˈԴৃ՚њDŽ䛑ᡞ៥ᛇ⅏њDŽ
________, nǐ kě lái le. Dōu bǎ wǒ xiǎngsǐ le.
You have finally come. I miss you so much.
f. ________ˈ䎳Դ䇈њ໮ᇥಲњDŽԴᗢМህ䆄ϡԣਸ਼˛
________ˈ䎳Դ䁾њ໮ᇥಲњDŽԴᗢ咑ህ㿬ϡԣਸ਼˛
________, gēn nǐ shuō le duōshǎo huí le. Nǐ zěnme jiù jìbuzhù ne?
I have told you so many times. How come you can’t remember?

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g. ________ˈॳᴹԴӀҹࠡ㾕䖛DŽ
________ˈॳ՚Դ‫ץ‬ҹࠡ㽟䘢DŽ
________, yuánlái nǐmen yǐqián jiànguò.
As a matter of fact, you have met before.
h. ________ˈ៥ⱘ᠟ᴎᡒϡⴔњDŽ
________ˈ៥ⱘ᠟″ᡒϡ㨫њDŽ
________, wǒ de shǒujī zhǎobuzháo le.
I can’t find my cell phone.
➪ 56.1
2 Add an appropriate sentence final particle to each sentence.
a. 㗗䆩ࠡᔧ✊㽕䅸ⳳ‫ޚ‬໛ ________DŽ
㗗䀺ࠡ⭊✊㽕䁡ⳳ⑪‫________ ٭‬DŽ
Kǎoshì qián dāngrán yào rènzhēn zhǔnbèi ________.
Of course you have to prepare carefully before the exam.
b. 䇋Դϡ㽕‫ݡ‬咏⚺៥ ________ʽ
䂟Դϡ㽕‫ݡ‬咏✽៥ ________ʽ
Qǐng nǐ bù yào zài máfan wǒ ________!
Please don’t bother me anymore!
c. Դ㽕ᮽϔ⚍‫ⴵܓ‬㾝 ________ʽ
Դ㽕ᮽϔ咲‫ⴵܦ‬㾎 ________ʽ
Nǐ yào zǎo yīdiǎr shuì jiào ________!
You need to go to sleep a little earlier!
d. Դ߹‫ݡ‬ୱ ________ʽ
Nǐ bié zài hē ________!
You shouldn’t drink anymore!
➪ 56.2

215
57
Topic, focus, and emphasis
1 Rewrite the following sentences to emphasize, or topicalize, the underlined
phrase.
Example: ៥ϡ୰⃶໪೑⬉ᕅDŽ - ໪೑⬉ᕅˈ៥ϡ୰⃶DŽ
៥ϡ୰ℵ໪೟䳏ᕅDŽ ໪೟䳏ᕅˈ៥ϡ୰ℵDŽ
Wǒ bù xǐhuan Wàiguó diànyǐng, wǒ bù
wàiguó diànyǐng. xǐhuan.
I don’t like foreign films. Foreign films, I don’t like them.
a. ៥ϡ୰⃶䙷Ͼ佁佚DŽ
៥ϡ୰ℵ䙷‫ן‬仃仼DŽ
Wǒ bù xǐhuan nàge fànguǎn.
I do not like that restaurant.
b. ៥㾝ᕫЁ᭛䇒ᕜ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
៥㾎ᕫЁ᭛䂆ᕜ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Wǒ juéde Zhōngwén kè hěn yǒu yìsī.
I think Chinese class is very interesting.
c. ៥≵ⳟ䖛䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥≦ⳟ䘢䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ méi kànguò nàge diànyǐng.
I have not seen that movie.
d. ਀䇈䖭⃵㗗䆩ᕜᆍᯧDŽ
㙑䁾䗭⃵㗗䀺ᕜᆍᯧDŽ
Tīngshuō zhè cì kǎoshì hěn róngyì.
I’ve heard that the exam this time is very easy.
e. ៥≵ৗ䖛᮹ᴀ佁DŽ
៥≦ৗ䘢᮹ᴀ仃DŽ
Wǒ méi chīguò Rìběn fàn.
I have not eaten Japanese food before.

216 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-59

Topic, focus, and emphasis

f. ៥↣໽䛑‫∝ݭ‬ᄫDŽ
៥↣໽䛑ᆿ⓶ᄫDŽ
Wǒ měitiān dōu xiě Hàn zì.
I write Chinese characters every day.
g. ៥ϡ໾⏙ἮЁ೑ⱘ㒣⌢ᚙ‫މ‬DŽ
៥ϡ໾⏙ἮЁ೟ⱘ㍧△ᚙ‫މ‬DŽ
Wǒ bù tài qīngchu Zhōngguó de jīngjì qíngkuàng.
I’m not quite clear about the economic situation in China.
h. 䇋Դϡ㽕ㅵ߿ҎⱘџDŽ
䂟Դϡ㽕ㅵ߹ҎⱘџDŽ
Qǐng nǐ bù yào guǎn biéren de shì.
Please don’t pay attention to other people’s business.
➪ 57.1
2 ᓴ㣍/ᔉ㣍 Zhāng Píng is organizing a Chinese New Year Party and is giving
instructions to her friends. She uses ᡞ bǎ in all of her sentences. Write her
instructions in Mandarin.
a. First we’ll carry all of the chairs out of the classroom.
b. Then we’ll move the desks to the back of the classroom.
c. ᇣ䰜/ᇣ䱇 Xiǎo Chén, put the food and drink on the desks.
d. ᇣ⥟ Xiǎo Wáng, sweep the floor clean. [ᠿᑆ‫ޔ‬/ᥗђ⎼ sǎo gānjìng
sweep clean]
e. ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ, wipe the blackboard clean (erase the blackboard). [᪺ᑆ‫ޔ‬/
᪺ђ⎼ cā gānjìng wipe clean]
f. ᇣ↯ Xiǎo Máo, prepare the music. [‫ޚ‬໛䷇Ф/⑪‫䷇٭‬ῖ zhǔnbèi yīnyuè
prepare music]
g. You two write ‘᯹㡖ད/᯹㆔ད chūnjié hǎo’ on the blackboard.
[᯹㡖ད/᯹㆔ད chūnjié hǎo happy new year]
h. You three hang these two Chinese paintings on the wall. [ᣖ/ᣖ guà to hang]
➪ 18, 19, 20, 32.1, 57.2.1

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SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

3 Rewrite the following sentences using 䰸њ chúle . . . ҹ໪ yǐwài to correspond to

the English translations. Include either 䛑 dōu, г yě, or 䖬/䙘 hái as
appropriate.
Example: ៥હહ୰⃶ⳟ㕢೑⬉ᕅDŽҪϡ୰⃶ⳟ߿ⱘ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥હહ୰ℵⳟ㕢೟䳏ᕅDŽҪϡ୰ℵⳟ߹ⱘ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ gēge xǐhuan kàn Měiguó diànyǐng. Tā bù xǐhuan kàn bié
de diànyǐng.
Except for American movies, my older brother doesn’t like to
watch movies.
-
䰸њ㕢೑⬉ᕅҹ໪ˈ៥હહϡ୰⃶ⳟ߿ⱘ⬉ᕅDŽ
䰸њ㕢೟䳏ᕅҹ໪ˈ៥હહϡ୰ℵⳟ߹ⱘ䳏ᕅDŽ
Chúle Měiguó diànyǐng yǐwài, wǒ gēge bù xǐhuan kàn biéde
diànyǐng.

a. ៥ϡ୰⃶ϞЁ᭛䇒DŽ߿ⱘৠᄺ୰⃶ϞЁ᭛䇒DŽ
៥ϡ୰ℵϞЁ᭛䂆DŽ߹ⱘৠᅌ୰ℵϞЁ᭛䂆DŽ
Wǒ bù xǐhuan shàng Zhōngwén kè. Bié de tóngxué xǐhuan shàng
Zhōngwén kè.
Except for me, all of the other students like to go to Chinese class.
b. ៥এⳟ⬉ᕅњDŽҪӀএⳟ⬉ᕅњDŽ
៥এⳟ䳏ᕅњDŽҪ‫ץ‬এⳟ䳏ᕅњDŽ
Wǒ qù kàn diànyǐng le. Tāmen qù kàn diànyǐng le.
In addition to me, they also went to see a movie.
c. ៥੠៥ⱘৠᄺ䛑এ䖛Ё೑DŽ
៥੠៥ⱘৠᅌ䛑এ䘢Ё೟DŽ
Wǒ hé wǒ de tóngxué dōu qùguò Zhōngguó.
In addition to me, my classmates have also all been to China.
d. ៥ᄺЁ᭛ˈгᄺЁ೑᭛ᄺ੠Ё೑ग़৆DŽ
៥ᅌЁ᭛ˈгᅌЁ೟᭛ᅌ੠Ё೟⅋৆DŽ
Wǒ xué Zhōngwén, yě xué Zhōngguó wénxué hé Zhōngguó lìshǐ.
Besides Chinese language, I also study Chinese literature and Chinese history.
e. Ҫ᯳ᳳϔࠄ᯳ᳳ݁䛑Ꮉ԰DŽা᯳᳝ᳳ᮹ϡᎹ԰DŽ
Tā xīngqīyī dào xīngqīliù dōu gōngzuò. Zhǐ yǒu xīngqīrì bù gōngzuò.
He works every day except Sunday.
f. ៥ⱘৠሟህ୰⃶䎇⧗DŽ߿ⱘ䖤ࡼҪϡ୰⃶DŽ
៥ⱘৠሟህ୰ℵ䎇⧗DŽ߹ⱘ䘟ࢩҪϡ୰ℵDŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū jiù xǐhuan zúqiú. Biéde yùndòng tā bù xǐhuan.
Except for football, my roommate doesn’t like any sports.

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Topic, focus, and emphasis

g. ៥↣໽䛑㒗д‫∝ݭ‬ᄫˈг਀ᔩ䷇ˈ໡д䇁⊩ᑊϨᗉ䇒᭛DŽ
៥↣໽䛑㏈㖦ᆿ⓶ᄫˈг㙑䣘䷇ˈᕽ㖦䁲⊩ᑋϨᗉ䂆᭛DŽ
Wǒ měitiān dōu liànxí xiě Hàn zì, yě tīng lùyīn, fùxí yǔfǎ bìngqiě niàn
kèwén.
In addition to practicing writing characters every day, I also listen to
recordings, review grammar, and read the lesson aloud.
h. 䖭Ͼᄺ᷵ˈህᰃ令ख़ⱘ佁ϡ໾དৗˈ߿ⱘ䛑ᕜདDŽ
䗭‫ן‬ᅌ᷵ˈህᰃ令ᓇⱘ仃ϡ໾དৗˈ߹ⱘ䛑ᕜདDŽ
Zhège xuéxiào, jiùshì cāntīng de fàn bù tài hǎo chī, bié de dōu hěn hǎo.
At this school, except for the cafeteria food, everything is very good.
➪ 46, 57.2.2

4 Rewrite the following sentences with 䖲/䗷 lián to match the English
translations, including either 䛑 dōu or г yě as appropriate. The phrase that
should follow 䖲/䗷 lián and receive focus is underlined.
Example: ៥હહϡ୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽҪϡ୰⃶ⳟ㕢೑⬉ᕅDŽ
៥હહϡ୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅDŽҪϡ୰ℵⳟ㕢೟䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ gēge bù xǐhuan kàn diànyǐng. Tā bù xǐhuan kàn
Měiguó diànyǐng.
My older brother doesn’t like to watch movies. He doesn’t like to
watch American movies.
-
Ҫ䖲㕢೑⬉ᕅ䛑 [or г] ϡ୰⃶ⳟDŽ
Ҫ䗷㕢೟䳏ᕅ䛑 [or г] ϡ୰ℵⳟDŽ
Tā lián Měiguó diànyǐng dōu [or yě] bù xǐhuan kàn.
He doesn’t even like to watch American movies.

a. 䖭Ͼᄫϔᅮᕜ䲒DŽ㗕Ꮬϡ䅸䆚DŽ
䗭‫ן‬ᄫϔᅮᕜ䲷DŽ㗕᏿ϡ䁡䄬DŽ
Zhège zì yīdìng hěn nán. Lǎoshī bù rènshí.
This character must be very hard. Even the teacher doesn’t recognize it.
b. 䖭ϾᄫᕜᆍᯧDŽϔᑈ㑻ⱘᄺ⫳䅸䆚DŽ
䗭‫ן‬ᄫᕜᆍᯧDŽϔᑈ㋮ⱘᅌ⫳䁡䄬DŽ
Zhège zì hěn róngyì. Yīniánjí de xuésheng rènshi.
This character is very easy. Even the first year students know it.
c. ៥≵᳝ϔϾЁ೑᳟টDŽ
៥≦᳝ϔ‫ן‬Ё೟᳟টDŽ
Wǒ méi yǒu yī gè Zhōngguó péng you.
I don’t have even one Chinese friend.

219
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

d. ҪϡᗉкDŽҪ≵এ䖛೒к佚DŽ
Ҫϡᗉ᳌DŽҪ≦এ䘢೪᳌仼DŽ
Tā bù niàn shū. Tā méi qùguò túshūguǎn.
He doesn’t study. He hasn’t even been to the library.
e. ҪϡӮ‫ݭ‬ᄫDŽҪϡӮ‫ݭ‬Ҫ㞾ᏅⱘৡᄫDŽ
Ҫϡ᳗ᆿᄫDŽҪϡ᳗ᆿҪ㞾ᏅⱘৡᄫDŽ
Tā bù huì xiě zì. Tā bù huì xiě tā zìjǐ de míngzi.
He can’t write characters. He can’t even write his own name.
f. ᇣ⥟ϡ୰⃶㕢೑佁DŽҪϡ୰⃶∝෵ࣙDŽ
ᇣ⥟ϡ୰ℵ㕢೟仃DŽҪϡ୰ℵ⓶෵ࣙDŽ
Xiǎo Wáng bù xǐhuan Měiguó fàn. Tā bù xǐhuan hànbǎobāo.
Xiao Wang doesn’t like American food. He doesn’t even like hamburgers.
g. ៥ϡӮ‫خ‬佁DŽ៥ϡӮ♦叵㲟DŽ
៥ϡ᳗‫خ‬仃DŽ៥ϡ᳗♦卣㲟DŽ
Wǒ bù huì zuò fàn. Wǒ bù huì chǎo jīdàn.
I can’t cook. I can’t even fry an egg.
h. Ҫ↣໽䛑Ꮉ԰DŽ᯳ᳳ໽Ꮉ԰DŽ
Tā měitiān dōu gōngzuò. Xīngqītiān gōngzuò.
He works every day. He even works on Sunday.
➪ 57.2.3
5 This is the first day of a Chinese class. Each student is asked to say a few words
about him/herself in Mandarin. ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng provides the following
information. Write his self-introduction in Mandarin, using
ᰃ shì . . . ⱘ de in every sentence to emphasize the underlined phrase.
Example: I was born in Boston. - ៥ᰃ೼⊶຿乓⫳ⱘDŽ
៥ᰃ೼⊶຿䷧⫳ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zài Bōshìdùn shēng de.
a. I grew up in Boston.
b. It is only last night that I came back to school.
c. I came back with my roommate.
d. We came by car.
e. My roommate came from China.
f. He came two years ago.
g. He came by plane.
h. It was at a party where we met each other.
i. It was he who told me to learn Chinese.
j. It was last night that I drove from Boston back to school with my roommate.
k. It was two years ago that he came to America from China.
l. It was two years ago that he came to America from China by plane.
➪ 57.2.4

220
Topic, focus, and emphasis

6 Lauren is getting married! At her bridal shower, her friends want to know all
about her fiancé and their plans. Complete the following questions and answers.
Ask questions in Mandarin to learn about –
a. How they met:
i. When: ______________________________________________________________
ii. Where: ______________________________________________________________
iii. Who introduced them: ______________________________________________
b. About the proposal [∖ီ qiúhūn]:
i. Where did he purchase the ring? [៦ᣛ jièzhǐ]
_____________________________________________________________________
ii. How did he propose?
_____________________________________________________________________
Laura provides additional information. Help her express it by completing these
sentences in Mandarin.
c. Wedding guests: family and 50 friends are invited.
䰸њ _____________________________________________________________________
Chúle ___________________________________________________________________
d. Future timeline: Get married this December; buy a house next year; have
a baby the year after.
݇Ѣ᳾ᴹˈ៥Ӏᠧㅫ ______________________________________________________
䮰ᮐ᳾՚ˈ៥‫ץ‬ᠧㅫ ______________________________________________________
Guānyú wèilái, wǒmen dǎsuàn __________________________________________

221
58
Guest and host
1 Your guests have just arrived. Using Mandarin:
a. Welcome the guests at the door.
b. Ask the guests to come in.
c. Invite the guests to sit down.
d. Offer the guests something to drink (the choices are tea and coffee).
e. At the end of their visit, ask the guests to come back again when they have
time.
f. At the door, tell the guests not to hurry off.
➪ 58.1–58.4
2 These are expressions commonly used at a dinner party. Decide whether they are
spoken by the host or a guest.
a. ⃶䖢ǃ⃶䖢ˋℵ䖢ǃℵ䖢 huānyíng, huānyíng
b. 䖭ᰃϔ⚍ᇣ⼐⠽䗕㒭ԴӀ/䗭ᰃϔ咲ᇣ⾂⠽䗕㌺Դ‫ ץ‬Zhè shì yī diǎn xiǎo
lǐwù sònggěi nǐmen
c. 䇋䖯DŽ/ 䂟䘆DŽQǐng jìn.
d. 䇋തˈୱ⚍ҔМ˛㤊䖬ᰃ੪ଵ˛
䂟തˈୱ咲⫮咐˛㤊䙘ᰃ੪ଵ˛
Qǐng zuò, hē diǎn shénme? Chá háishì kāfēi?
e. ા䞠ા䞠ˈ䖭᠓ᄤᕜᮻњDŽ
ા㺣ા㺣ˈ䗭᠓ᄤᕜ㟞њDŽ
Nǎlǐ, nǎlǐ, zhè fángzi hěn jiù le.
f. ໮ৗ⚍ˈ߿ᅶ⇨DŽ/ ໮ৗ咲ˈ߹ᅶ⇷DŽDuō chī diǎn, bié kèqì.
g. ໾དৗњˈ៥Ңᴹ≵ৗ䖛䖭Мདৗⱘ㦰DŽ
໾དৗњˈ៥ᕲ՚≦ৗ䘢䗭咐དৗⱘ㦰DŽ
Tài hǎo chī le, wǒ cónglái méi chīguò zhème hǎo chī de cài.
h. ԴᆊᏗ㕂ᕫⳳⓖ҂DŽ/ ԴᆊԜ㕂ᕫⳳⓖ҂DŽNǐ jiā bùzhì de zhēn piàoliang.
i. 䇶䇶Դⱘ䙔䇋 / 䃱䃱Դⱘ䙔䂟 Xièxie nǐ de yāoqǐng.
j. 䇋⬭ℹ / 䂟⬭ℹ Qǐng liú bù.
k. ᜶䍄ˈ᳝ぎ‫ݡ‬ᴹDŽ/ ᜶䍄ˈ᳝ぎ‫ݡ‬՚DŽMàn zǒu, yǒu kòng zài lái.

222 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-60

59
Giving and responding to
compliments
1 Give an appropriate response to each of the following compliments. There may
be more than one appropriate response.
a. ԴⱘЁ᭛䇈ᕫᕜདDŽ
ԴⱘЁ᭛䁾ᕫᕜདDŽ
Nǐ de Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo.
You speak Chinese very well.
b. ᙼ‫ⱘخ‬佁໾དৗњDŽ
ᙼ‫ⱘخ‬仃໾དৗњDŽ
Nín zuò de fàn tài hǎo chī le.
The food you cooked is so delicious.
c. Դⱘ↯㸷ᕜⓖ҂DŽ
Nǐ de máoyī hěn piàoliang.
Your sweater is beautiful.
d. Դⱘ℠‫ܓ‬ଅᕫⳳᰃད਀ᵕњDŽ
Դⱘ℠‫ܦ‬ଅᕫⳳᰃད㙑ὉњDŽ
Nǐ de gēr chàng de zhēn shì hǎo tīngjíle.
You sing extremely well.
e. 䖭ᰃԴ⬏ⱘ৫˛ⳳⓖ҂DŽ
䗭ᰃԴ⬿ⱘ஢˛ⳳⓖ҂DŽ
Zhè shì nǐ huà de ma? Zhēn piàoliang.
Did you paint that? It is so beautiful.
f. ԴҞ໽こⱘ㺭ᄤⳳདⳟʽ
Nǐ jīntiān chuān de qúnzi zhēn hǎo kàn!
The skirt you are wearing today is very pretty.
g. ᙼҞ໽䆆ᕫ䴲ᐌ㊒䞛DŽ
ᙼҞ໽䃯ᕫ䴲ᐌ㊒䞛DŽ
Nín jīntiān jiǎng de fēicháng jīngcǎi.
Your talk today was outstanding.

223 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-61

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

h. 䖭М໮㦰ʽ໾Єⲯњʽ
䗭咑໮㦰ʽ໾䈤ⲯњʽ
Zhème duō cài! Tài fēngshèng le!
So many dishes! Such a sumptuous feast!
➪ 59.2, 59.3
2 催㭒 Gāo Lěi has made a presentation in class and ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng wants to
praise her. Express the conversation in Mandarin.
a. ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng tells 催㭒 Gāo Lěi that he has read her essay and thinks
it is terrific.
b. 催㭒 Gāo Lěi deflects the praise and says she can learn a lot from him.
c. ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng tells 催㭒 Gāo Lěi that he thinks her presentation
[᡹ਞ bàogào] was brilliant [催ᯢ gāomíng].
d. 催㭒 Gāo Lěi says that he is being excessive in his praise and that her
presentation was just ordinary.
e. ⥟ᯢ Wáng Míng says that her examples and explanations [ᅲ՟䇈ᯢ/
ᆺ՟䁾ᯢ shílì shuōmíng] were particularly good and that he thinks she is
really talented. [᳝ᠡ⇨/᳝ᠡ⇷ yǒu cáiqì have talent, ability]
f. 催㭒 Gāo Lěi says that they were so-so, certainly nothing special.
➪ 59.1, 59.2, 59.3
3 What do they say in the following situations?
A. After a recent piano recital, ߬໾໾/࡝໾໾ Mrs. Liu and ᓴ໾໾/ᔉ໾໾
Mrs. Zhang praised each other’s children. Complete their sentences with the
appropriate compliments and responses.
Vocabulary: 䩶⨈/䣐⨈ gāngqín piano; ᔍ⨈/ᔜ⨈ tán qín play a stringed
instrument; play the piano
߬໾໾˖ Դ‫ܓ‬ᄤᔍ⨈ᔍᕫ (a)____________________________________________ʽ
࡝໾໾˖ Դ‫ܦ‬ᄤᔜ⨈ᔜᕫ (a)_____________________________________________ʽ
Liú tàitai: Nǐ érzi tán qín tán de (a)______________________________________!
Mrs. Liu: Your son plays piano _________________________________________!
ᓴ໾໾˖ (b) _________________________________________ˈԴ‫ܓ‬ᄤᔍᕫᠡདਸ਼ʽ
ᔉ໾໾˖ (b) _________________________________________ˈԴ‫ܦ‬ᄤᔜᕫᠡདਸ਼ʽ
Zhāng tàitai: (b) ___________________________________, nǐ érzi tán de cái hǎo ne!
Mrs. Zhang: ________________________________________, your son plays the best.
߬໾໾˖ (c) _____________________________________________ˈᰃ㗕ᏜᬭᕫདDŽ
࡝໾໾˖ (c) _____________________________________________ˈᰃ㗕᏿ᬭᕫདDŽ
Liú tàitai: (c) _______________________________________, shì lǎoshī jiāo de hǎo.
Mrs. Liu: ______________________________, it is that the teacher taught well.

224
Giving and responding to compliments

B. At the company’s end-of-year dinner party, 䍉‫⫳ܜ‬/䍭‫ ⫳ܜ‬Mr. Zhao is

declared salesman of the year. He credits his success to his manager, ⱑ‫ ⫳ܜ‬Mr.
Bai, for his mentoring. ⱑ‫ ⫳ܜ‬Mr. Bai politely deflects the compliment.
䍉‫˖⫳ܜ‬ ៥㛑໳᳝Ҟ໽ⱘ៤ህˈ䛑ᰃⱑ㒣⧚ⱘࡳࢇDŽ
䍭‫˖⫳ܜ‬ ៥㛑໴᳝Ҟ໽ⱘ៤ህˈ䛑ᰃⱑ㍧⧚ⱘࡳࢲDŽ
Zhào xiānsheng: Wǒ nénggòu yǒu jīntiān de chéngjiù, dōu shì Bái jīnglǐ
de gōngláo.
Mr. Zhao: My accomplishments today are all made possible by manager
Bai’s hard work.
ⱑ‫˖⫳ܜ‬ ____________________________________ˈ䖭ᰃҪ㞾Ꮕⱘࡾ࡯DŽ
(a)

ⱑ‫˖⫳ܜ‬ ____________________________________ˈ䗭ᰃҪ㞾Ꮕⱘࡾ࡯DŽ
(a)

Bái xiānsheng: ___________________________________, zhè shì tā zìjǐ de nǔlì.

(a)

Mr. Bai: ___________________________, this is all due to his own efforts.

225
60
Expressing satisfaction and
dissatisfaction
1 Respond to each question indicating your degree of satisfaction. ‘10’ indicates
the highest degree of satisfaction. ‘1’ indicates the lowest degree of satisfaction.
Refer to Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar, Chapter 60, for words used to
indicate the degree of satisfaction in Mandarin.
a. ԴӀᄺ᷵ᗢМḋ˛୰⃶৫˛(3)
Դ‫ץ‬ᅌ᷵ᗢ咑ῷ˛୰ℵ஢˛
Nǐmen xuéxiào zěnmeyàng? Xǐhuan ma?
How is your school? Do you like it?
b. 䖭䞠ⱘ㦰ੇ䘧䖬ད৻˛(10)
䗭㺣ⱘ㦰ੇ䘧䙘ད৻˛
Zhèlǐ de cài wèidao hái hǎo ba?
The (flavor of the) food here is good, right?
c. 䙷Ͼ佁佚ⱘ᳡ࡵᗢМḋ˛(5)
䙷‫ן‬仃仼ⱘ᳡ࢭᗢ咑ῷ˛
Nàge fànguǎn de fúwù zěnmeyàng?
How is the service at that restaurant?
d. 䖭䮼䇒ᗢМḋ˛(8)
䗭䭔䂆ᗢ咑ῷ˛
Zhè mén kè zěnmeyàng?
How is this class?
e. Դԣⱘഄᮍ䖬ৃҹ৫˛(1)
Դԣⱘഄᮍ䙘ৃҹ஢˛
Nǐ zhù de dìfāng hái kěyǐ ma?
Is the place where you are living okay?
f. 䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅᗢМḋ˛(3)
䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅᗢ咑ῷ˛
Nàge diànyǐng zěnme yàng?
How is that movie?
➪ 60.1

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2 Respond to each question indicating your degree of dissatisfaction. ‘10’ indicates

that you are greatly dissatisfied. ‘1’ indicates that you are a little dissatisfied.
Translate the questions into English. Refer to Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar,
Chapter 60, for words used to indicate the degree of dissatisfaction in Mandarin.
a. 䖭Ͼ佁佚ⱘ佁ᗢМḋ˛(10)
䗭‫ן‬仃仼ⱘ仃ᗢ咑ῷ˛
Zhège fànguǎn de fàn zěnmeyàng?
b. 䙷ϾජᏖⱘ⊏ᅝདϡད˛(3) [⊏ᅝ zhì’ān the public security]
䙷‫ן‬ජᏖⱘ⊏ᅝདϡད˛
Nàge chéngshì de zhì’ān hǎo bù hǎo?
c. ᳔䖥ⱘ໽⇨ᗢМḋ˛(5)
᳔䖥ⱘ໽⇷ᗢ咑ῷ˛
Zuì jìn de tiānqì zěnmeyàng?
d. 䙷ᴀкᗢМḋ˛(7)
䙷ᴀ᳌ᗢ咑ῷ˛
Nà běn shū zěnmeyàng?
e. 䙷Ͼए䰶ᗢМḋ˛(4)
䙷‫ן‬䝿䰶ᗢ咑ῷ˛
Nàge yīyuàn zěnmeyàng?
f. Դⱘ䔺ᄤᗢМḋ˛(1)
Դⱘ䒞ᄤᗢ咑ῷ˛
Nǐ de chēzi zěnmeyàng?
➪ 60.2
3 One of your friends is asking you how you are adjusting to life in China.
Translate her questions into English and express your answers in Mandarin.
a. Friend: Դⱘᆓ㟡ᗢМḋ˛
Դⱘᆓ㟡ᗢ咑ῷ˛
Nǐ de sùshè zěnmeyàng?
b. You: It’s okay.
c. Friend: ि⫳䯈ᑆ‫ޔ‬ϡᑆ‫˛ޔ‬
㸯⫳䭧ђ⎼ϡђ⎼˛
Wèishēngjiān gānjìng bù gānjìng?
d. You: It’s all right in the morning. By night-time it is not too clean anymore.
e. Friend: Դдᛃњ৫˛
Դ㖦᜷њ஢˛
Nǐ xíguàn le ma?
f. You: Yes. After a while you get used to things.
g. Friend: 亳ූⱘ佁ᗢМḋ˛
亳ූⱘ仃ᗢ咑ῷ˛
Shítáng de fàn zěnmeyàng?

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SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

h. You: It’s okay. It’s so-so.

i. Friend: 亳ූⱘ᳡ࡵདϡད˛
亳ූⱘ᳡ࢭདϡད˛
Shítáng de fúwù hǎo bù hǎo?
j. You: Nothing special.
➪ 60.1, 60.2
4 The newly opened Chinese restaurant Furong Garden is giving away $25 gift cards
to selected patrons who fill out their satisfaction survey form [ᛣ㾕㸼/
ᛣ㽟㸼 yìjiàn biǎo] after their dinner. Help translate the survey into Mandarin.
Thank you for filling out the survey for us. Your feedback will help us provide
a better service and dining experience [⫼令㒣偠/⫼令㍧倫 yòngcān jīngyàn].
To show our appreciation, each week we will give a $25 gift card to five selected
patrons who fill out the survey.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Please tell us what you think:
______________________________________________________________________________

Excellent Good Acceptable Inferior Unacceptable

Dining Environment

Food

Service

Overall Experience

Would you recommend our restaurant to a friend? h Yes h No

_________________________________________________
Additional comments:
_____________________:
Contact information:
Name _____________________ / email: _____________________

228
61
Expressing gratitude and
responding to expressions
of gratitude
1 Provide an appropriate response to each of the following expressions of
gratitude. More than one response may be appropriate.
a. 䴲ᐌᛳ䇶ԴⱘᐂࡽDŽ
䴲ᐌᛳ䃱ԴⱘᐿࡽDŽ
Fēicháng gǎnxiè nǐ de bāngzhù.
I really appreciate your help.
b. ໾咏⚺ԴњDŽ
໾咏✽ԴњDŽ
Tài máfan nǐ le.
This caused you too much trouble.
c. ⳳϡདᛣᗱDŽ
Zhēn bù hǎoyìsi.
I am really embarrassed.
d. 䇶䇶ᙼ㒭៥Ӏⱘᓎ䆂DŽ
䃱䃱ᙼ㌺៥‫ⱘץ‬ᓎ䅄DŽ
Xièxie nín gěi wǒmen de jiànyì.
Thank you very much for your suggestions.
e. ៥ҷ㸼ܼԧৠᄺ৥ᙼ㸼⼎ᛳ䇶DŽ
៥ҷ㸼ܼ储ৠᅌ৥ᙼ㸼⼎ᛳ䃱DŽ
Wǒ dàibiǎo quántǐ tóngxué xiàng nín biǎoshì gǎnxiè.
I represent all the students in expressing our thanks to you.
f. ៥ҷ㸼ᄺ᷵৥Դ䘧䇶DŽ
៥ҷ㸼ᅌ᷵৥Դ䘧䃱DŽ
Wǒ dàibiǎo xuéxiào xiàng nǐ dàoxiè.
I represent the school in expressing our thanks to you.
➪ 61.1, 61.2

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2 You are preparing a graduation speech in which you will convey your gratitude
to your teachers, classmates, and family members. Express the following in
Mandarin.
a. First, thank your parents for their ongoing support. [ᬃᣕ zhīchí support]
b. Say that you appreciate the sacrifices they have made to give you a good
education. [㡃དⱘᬭ㚆 liánghǎo de jiàoyù good education, ⡎⡆/⡻⡆
xīshēng sacrifice]
c. At the same time, thank your teachers for their guidance and instruction. [ᣛ
ᇐ੠ᬭ䇆/ᣛᇢ੠ᬭ䁼 zhídǎo hé jiàohuì guidance and instruction]
d. Say that not only did they give you knowledge, but more importantly, they
taught you to be an honest person. [ⶹ䆚/ⶹ䄬 zhīshi knowledge,
ℷⳈⱘҎ zhèngzhí de rén honest person]
e. Finally, thank your classmates and friends for their companionship and help.
[টᚙ yiuqíng friendship/companionship]
f. Say that it is very hard to imagine how you could have survived the college
years without them. [ᛇ‫ ڣ‬xiǎngxiàng to imagine, ⏵䖛/⏵䘢 dùguò to get
through, ໻ᄺᯊ‫ܝ‬/໻ᅌᰖ‫ ܝ‬dàxué shíguāng college years]
g. Say that college graduation is the beginning of a new life. You will
work and study even harder, and you will not let your audience down
(‘I won’t let you down’). [䕰䋳/䕰䉴 gūfù to let down/to disappoint someone]
➪ 25.11, 61.1
3 Fill in the blanks with appropriate expressions of gratitude and responses to
complete each mini-dialogue.
a. The assistant gives the manager the minutes of a meeting as the manager has
requested.
Assistant: 䖭ᰃᙼ㽕ⱘӮ䆂䆄ᔩDŽ/ 䗭ᰃᙼ㽕ⱘ᳗䅄㿬䣘DŽ
Zhè shì nín yào de huìyì jìlù.
Manager: 䇶䇶/䃱䃱ˈ________ ԴњDŽ
Xièxie, ________ nǐ le.
b. The security guard helps Ms. Guān to bring her grocery bags upstairs.
Ms. Guān: ໾ᛳ䇶Դњˈ↣⃵䛑 (i)________ Դˈⳳ (ii)________DŽ
໾ᛳ䃱Դњˈ↣⃵䛑 (i)________ Դˈⳳ (ii)________DŽ
Tài gǎnxiè nǐ le, měi cì dōu (i)________ nǐ, zhēn (ii)________.
Security guard: ________! 䖭ᰃ៥ᑨ䆹‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
(iii)

________! 䗭ᰃ៥ឝ䁆‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
(iii)

________! Zhè shì wǒ yīnggāi zuò de.

(iii)

c. Mr. Jiang visits his old boss, Mr. Wu, to seek advice. He has brought a gift to
give to Mr. Wu.

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Mr Jiang: ᛳ䇶ᙼⱒᖭПЁ䎳៥㾕䴶DŽ䖭⚍ᇣ⼐⠽䇋 (i)________DŽ

ᛳ䃱ᙼⱒᖭПЁ䎳៥㽟䴶DŽ䗭咲ᇣ⾂⠽䂟 (i)________DŽ
Gǎnxiè nín bǎimáng zhīzhōng gēn wǒ jiànmiàn. Zhè diǎn xiǎo
lǐwù qǐng (i)________.
Mr. Wu: Դ໾ (ii)________ њˈᗢМ䖬ᏺϰ㽓ᴹਸ਼˛
Դ໾ (ii)________ њˈᗢ咐䙘ᐊᵅ㽓՚ਸ਼˛
Nǐ tài (ii)________ le, zěnme hái dài dōngxi lái ne?

231
62
Invitations, requests, and
refusals
1 Accept each of the following invitations. More than one answer may be possible.
a. ਼᳿៥䇋Դⳟ⬉ᕅˈད৫˛
਼᳿៥䂟Դⳟ䳏ᕅˈད஢˛
Zhōumò wǒ qǐng nǐ kàn diànyǐng, hǎo ma?
I invite you to see a movie this weekend, okay?
b. ϔ䍋ୱᵃ੪ଵˈᗢМḋ˛
ϔ䍋ୱᵃ੪ଵˈᗢ咑ῷ˛
Yīqǐ hē bēi kāfēi, zěnmeyàng?
Let’s have a cup of coffee together, okay?
c. ϔഫ‫ܓ‬ৗϾ֓佁৻ˈ៥䇋ᅶDŽ
ϔพ‫ܦ‬ৗ‫֓ן‬仃৻ˈ៥䂟ᅶDŽ
Yīkuàr chī gè biànfàn ba, wǒ qǐng kè.
Let’s have a bite to eat, my treat.
d. ᰮϞ䎳៥এ਀䷇ФӮ৻ˈ៥᳝ϸᓴ⼼DŽ
ᰮϞ䎳៥এ㙑䷇ῖ᳗৻ˈ៥᳝ܽᔉ⼼DŽ
Wǎnshang gēn wǒ qù tīng yīnyuèhuì ba, wǒ yǒu liǎng zhāng piào.
Come with me to hear a concert tonight. I have two tickets.
e. ϟ᯳ᳳ៥䇋Դⳟ䎇⧗䌯ˈད৫˛
ϟ᯳ᳳ៥䂟Դⳟ䎇⧗䋑ˈད஢˛
Xià xīngqī wǒ qǐng nǐ kàn zúqiú sài, hǎo ma?
I’m inviting you to watch the football game with me next week, okay?
➪ 62.1.2
2 Give a ‘face-saving’ refusal for each of the following invitations and requests
based on the cue that follows each invitation.
a. ਼᳿៥䇋Դⳟ⬉ᕅˈད৫˛ (the inviter needn’t be so polite)
䘅᳿៥䂟Դⳟ䳏ᕅˈད஢˛
Zhōumò wǒ qǐng nǐ kàn diànyǐng, hǎo ma?
I invite you to see a movie this weekend, okay?

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b. ϔ䍋ୱᵃ੪ଵˈᗢМḋ˛(the inviter needn’t be so polite)

ϔ䍋ୱᵃ੪ଵˈᗢ咑ῷ˛
Yīqǐ hē bēi kāfēi, zěnmeyàng?
Let’s have a cup of coffee together, okay?
c. Դ㛑ᐂ៥фк৫˛(promise to try)
Դ㛑ᐿ៥䊋᳌஢˛
Nǐ néng bāng wǒ mǎi shū ma?
Can you help me buy a book?
d. 䇋Դ䗕៥এ亲ᴎഎˈৃҹ৫˛(plead a time conflict)
䂟Դ䗕៥এ亯″จˈৃҹ஢˛
Qǐng nǐ sòng wǒ qù fēijīchǎng, kěyǐ ma?
Please can you take me to the airport?
e. ៥᳝޴Ͼ䯂乬ˈ㽕৥ᙼ䇋ᬭDŽ(plead a time conflict right at the moment)
៥᳝ᑒ‫ן‬ଣ丠ˈ㽕৥ᙼ䂟ᬭDŽ
Wǒ yǒu jǐ gè wèntí, yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào.
I have a few questions that I’d like to ask you.
f. Դ㛑ϡ㛑ᐂ៥ᡒᎹ԰˛(plead inability to help)
Դ㛑ϡ㛑ᐿ៥ᡒᎹ԰˛
Nǐ néng bu néng bāng wǒ zhǎo gōngzuò?
Can you help me find a job?
➪ 62.3
3 Refuse each of the following requests with an explanation according to
the parenthesized cues.
a. Դ㛑ᐂ៥фк৫˛(inability – not going to bookstore)
Դ㛑ᐿ៥䊋᳌஢˛
Nǐ néng bāng wǒ mǎi shū ma?
Can you help me buy a book?
b. 䇋Դ䗕៥এ亲ᴎഎˈৃҹ৫˛(time conflict – have other plans)
䂟Դ䗕៥এ亯″จˈৃҹ஢˛
Qǐng nǐ sòng wǒ qù fēijīchǎng, kěyǐ ma?
Can you please take me to the airport?
c. ᏺ៥এ೒к佚ˈ㸠৫˛(time conflict – have to go to class)
ᐊ៥এ೪᳌仼ˈ㸠஢˛
Dài wǒ qù túshūguǎn, xíng ma?
Take me to the library with you, okay?

233
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

d. Դ㛑ϡ㛑ᐂ៥фϸᓴ⬉ᕅ⼼˛(inability – don’t have time to go to

the ticket office)
Դ㛑ϡ㛑ᐿ៥䊋ܽᔉ䳏ᕅ⼼˛
Nǐ néng bu néng bāng wǒ mǎi liǎng zhāng diànyǐng piào?
Can you help me buy two movie tickets?
e. ៥᳝޴Ͼ䯂乬ˈ㽕৥ᙼ䇋ᬭDŽ(time conflict – have to attend a meeting)
៥᳝ᑒ‫ן‬ଣ丠ˈ㽕৥ᙼ䂟ᬭDŽ
Wǒ yǒu jǐ gè wèntí, yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào.
I have a few questions that I’d like to ask you.
f. ៥ৃҹ‫⫼׳‬ϔϟᙼⱘ⬉䆱৫˛(inability – phone is broken)
៥ৃҹ‫⫼׳‬ϔϟᙼⱘ䳏䁅஢˛
Wǒ kěyǐ jièyòng yīxià nín de diànhuà ma?
Can I borrow your phone for a minute?
➪ 62.3
4 Kelly is having coffee with her girlfriends when she receives a text message from
a man she met the other day asking her to dinner at a Thai restaurant next week.
She does not want to go and she is asking her friends for advice
on how to turn him down. Translate her girlfriends’ suggestions:
Abby: Tell him you don’t like Thai food.
______________________________________________________________________
Cathy: Just say you’ve been very busy lately so you are afraid you don’t have time.
______________________________________________________________________
Emily: Say you’ll think about it and that it’s a little inconvenient to talk right now.
______________________________________________________________________

Imagine you are one of Kelly’s girlfriends. What suggestion would you give her?
_____________________________________________________________________________

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63
Expressing apologies, regrets,
sympathy, and bad news
1 Here are some short exchanges. Complete them by adding the appropriate apology.
a. A: ________DŽ៥ᴹᰮњDŽ
________DŽ៥՚ᰮњDŽ
________. Wǒ lái wán le.
________. I got here late.
B: ≵݇㋏DŽ
≦䮰֖DŽ
Méi guānxi.
It’s not important.
b. A: ________DŽ៥≵਀ពDŽ
________DŽ៥≦㙑ពDŽ
________. Wǒ méi tīngdǒng.
________. I didn’t understand.
B: ≵݇㋏DŽ៥ৃҹ‫ݡ‬䇈ϔ⃵DŽ
≦䮰֖DŽ៥ৃҹ‫ݡ‬䁾ϔ⃵DŽ
Méi guānxi. Wǒ kéyǐ zàishuō yīcì.
No problem. I can say it again.
c. A: ________DŽ៥਀ϡ㾕DŽ䇋໻⚍ໄDŽ
________DŽ៥㙑ϡ㽟DŽ䂟໻咲㙆DŽ
________. Wǒ tīngbujiàn. Qīng dà diǎn shēng.
________. I can’t hear. Please say it a little louder.
B: དDŽ
Hǎo.
Okay.

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d. A: 䅽ᙼЙㄝњDŽ________DŽ
䅧ᙼЙㄝњDŽ________DŽ
Ràng nín jiǔ děng le. ________.
I’ve made you wait a long time. ________
B: ≵џDŽ
Méi shì.
It’s not important.
e. A: ________DŽᰃ៥≵䇈⏙ἮDŽ
________DŽᰃ៥≦䁾⏙ἮDŽ
________. Shì wǒ méi shuō qīngchu.
________. It is I who didn’t speak clearly.
B: ≵݇㋏DŽ᜶᜶䇈৻DŽ
≦䮰֖DŽ᜶᜶䁾৻DŽ
Méi guānxi. Mànmàn shuō ba.
It’s all right. Take your time.
➪ 63.1.1– 63.1.3
2 Provide an expression of sympathy to comfort your friend when he tells you his
bad news.
a. ៥᯼໽߮фⱘᄫ‫ˈ݌‬Ҟ໽ህ϶њDŽ
៥᯼໽࠯䊋ⱘᄫ‫ˈ݌‬Ҟ໽ህϳњDŽ
Wǒ zuótiān gāng mǎi de zìdiǎn, jīntiān jiù diū le.
The dictionary that I bought only yesterday, I lost it today.
(Today I lost the dictionary that I just bought yesterday.)
b. ៥ԣњक޴໽ए䰶ˈ᯼໽߮ߎ䰶DŽ
៥ԣњकᑒ໽䝿䰶ˈ᯼໽࠯ߎ䰶DŽ
Wǒ zhù le shí jǐ tiān yīyuàn, zuótiān gāng chūyuàn.
I was hospitalized for more than ten days and was only released yesterday.
c. ៥䖭⃵㗗䆩㗗ᕫᕜϡདDŽ
៥䗭⃵㗗䀺㗗ᕫᕜϡདDŽ
Wǒ zhè cì kǎoshì kǎo de hěn bù hǎo.
I did really poorly on this exam.
d. 䖭Ͼᅲ偠ᕜϡ៤ࡳDŽ
䗭‫ן‬ᆺ倫ᕜϡ៤ࡳDŽ
Zhège shíyàn hěn bù chénggōng.
This experiment has not been successful.

236
Expressing apologies, regrets, sympathy, and bad news

e. ਀䇈㗕⥟ⱘᄽᄤ≵᳝㗗Ϟ໻ᄺDŽ
㙑䁾㗕⥟ⱘᄽᄤ≦᳝㗗Ϟ໻ᅌDŽ
Tīngshuō lǎo Wáng de háizi méi yǒu kǎoshàng dàxué.
I’ve heard that Lao Wang’s child did not pass the college entrance
examination.
f. ៥᳔䖥໾ᖭDŽ䑿ԧгϡ໾㟦᳡DŽ
៥᳔䖥໾ᖭDŽ䑿储гϡ໾㟦᳡DŽ
Wǒ zuì jìn tài máng. Shēntǐ yě bù tài shūfu.
I have been really busy lately, and my health has not been too good.
➪ 63.2
3 Select the correct response to complete each mini-dialogue.
A. Michael apologized to James for the delay in their project. James said that it
was okay.
Michael: ________ˈᰃ៥㘑䇃њ໻ᆊ / ________ˈᰃ៥㘑䁸њ໻ᆊDŽ
________, shì wǒ dānwù le dàjiā.
James: ≵݇㋏ˈ៥Ӏ䖬᳝ᯊ䯈 / ≦䮰֖ˈ៥‫ץ‬䙘᳝ᰖ䭧DŽ
Méi guānxi, wǒmen hái yǒu shíjiān.
a ⱒቕ / ⱒⅆ Bǎisuì
b. ⳳৃᚰ Zhēn kěxí
c. ᢅℝ Bàoqiàn
B. Ben is visiting his friend Neal in the hospital.
Ben: ៥㒭Դᏺњϔѯ∈ᵰDŽ__________DŽ/ ៥㌺Դᐊњϔѯ∈ᵰDŽ__________DŽ
Wǒ gěi nǐ dài le yī xiē shuǐgui. __________.
Neal: ᗢМ䖭Мᅶ⇨ˈ䇶䇶ԴDŽ/ ᗢ咐䗭咐ᅶ⇷˛䃱䃱ԴDŽ
Zěnme zhème kèqì? Xièxie nǐ.
a. ᏠᳯԴᮽ᮹ᒋ໡ / ᏠᳯԴᮽ᮹ᒋᕽ xīwàng nǐ zǎorì kāngfù
b. ⳳৃᚰ zhēn kěxí
c. 䇋ॳ䇙៥ / 䂟ॳ䂦៥ qǐng yuánliàng wǒ
C. James is telling his boss that the project has been delayed and that they need
more time.
James: ᇍϡ䍋ˈ䖭Ͼ䅵ߦ ________ ϡ㛑བᳳᅠ៤DŽ
ᇡϡ䍋ˈ䗭‫ן‬㿜ࡗ ________ ϡ㛑བᳳᅠ៤DŽ
Duìbuqǐ, zhège jìhuà ________ bù néng rúqī wánchéng.
Boss: 䙷ˈԴ䖬䳔㽕໮ᇥᯊ䯈˛䙷ˈԴ䙘䳔㽕໮ᇥᰖ䭧˛
Nà, nǐ hái xūyào duōshǎo shíjiān?
a. ৃᗩ kěpà
b. ᘤᗩ kǒngpà
c. ᢅℝ bàoqiàn

237
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

D. Debbie is inviting Linda to go to the movies with her and some co-workers
after work today.
Debbie: Ҟ໽ϟ⧁ҹৢ㽕ϡ㽕ϔ䍋এⳟ⬉ᕅ˛
Ҟ໽ϟ⧁ҹᕠ㽕ϡ㽕ϔ䍋এⳟ䳏ᕅ˛
Jīntiān xià bān yǐhòu yào bù yào yīqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng?
Linda: ________ˈҞ໽ᰮϞ៥᳝џˈԴӀ㞾Ꮕএ৻DŽ
________ˈҞ໽ᰮϞ៥᳝џˈԴ‫ץ‬㞾Ꮕএ৻DŽ
________, jīntiān wǎnshang wǒ yǒu shì, nǐmen zìjǐ qù ba.
a. ϡ㽕㋻ / ϡ㽕㎞ Bù yàojǐn
b. ϡདᛣᗱ Bùhǎo yìsi
c. 䇋ॳ䇙៥ / 䂟ॳ䂦៥ Qǐng yuánliàng wǒ

238
64
Expressing congratulations
and good wishes
1 Provide the appropriate expression of congratulation and good wishes for
each of the following situations.
a. You run into a colleague on Christmas day.
b. You see a neighbor on New Year’s day.
c. You see an old friend during Spring Festival.
d. Your friends have just gotten married.
e. Your friend has just opened a restaurant.
f. Your cousin has just turned 15 years old.
g. Your grandfather has just turned 70 years old.
h. Your nephew has just graduated from college/university.
i. Your aunt and uncle are celebrating their wedding anniversary.
➪ 64.1, 64.2
2 You are writing a note of congratulation to friends on their marriage. Which of
the following expressions are appropriate for that occasion? Indicate ‘yes’ or ‘no’
for each phrase.
a. ⼱⫳ᛣ݈䱚ʽ f. ᙁ䌎ᮄ⽻
⼱⫳ᛣ㟜䱚ʽ ᙁ䊔ᮄ⽻
Zhù shēng yi xīnglóng! Gōnghè xīnxǐ
b. ᑚ⼱㒧ီ㑾ᗉDŽ g. ⽣བϰ⍋
ᝊ⼱㌤ီ㋔ᗉDŽ ⽣བᵅ⍋
Qìngzhù jiéhūn jìniàn. Fú rú dōng hǎi
c. ໽԰Пড়ʽ h. ⼱䌎↩Ϯʽ
Tiān zuò zhī hé! ⼱䊔⬶ὁʽ
d. ᇓ↨फቅ Zhùhé bì yè.
໑↨फቅ i. 吣⿟ϛ䞠DŽ
Shòu bǐ nánshān 區⿟㨀䞠DŽ
e. ⱒᑈདড়ʽ Péngchéng wànlǐ.
Bǎi nián hǎo hé! j. ᑚ⼱ᮄီDŽ
ᝊ⼱ᮄီDŽ
Qìngzhù xīn hūn.

239 DOI: 10.4324/9781003334521-66

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

k. 䭓ੑⱒቕʽ n. 催亢҂㡖ʽ
䭋ੑⱒⅆʽ 催乼҂㆔ʽ
Cháng mìng bǎi suì! Gāo fēng liàng jié!
l. ᙁ୰ʽ o. ⱑ༈‫ة‬㗕ʽ
Gōngxǐ! ⱑ丁‫ة‬㗕ʽ
m. ࠡ䗨᮴䞣 Bái tóu xié lǎo!
ࠡ䗨⛵䞣 p. ᙁ୰থ䋶ʽ
Qiántú wú liàng ᙁ୰ⱐ䉵ʽ
Gōngxǐ fācái!
➪ 64.1, 64.2
3 This exercise contains additional expressions that can be used to convey
congratulations and good wishes. Read the situations below and decide which
expressions are appropriate for the occasion described. You may need to consult
a dictionary for this exercise.
A. Jamie is attending her college roommate’s wedding. Which of the following
expressions should NOT appear in her card:
a. ໽䌤㡃㓬/໽䊰㡃㎷ tiān cì liáng yuán A match made in heaven
b. ∌㒧ৠᖗ/∌㌤ৠᖗ yingjié tóngxīn Be of one mind forever
c. ԰㚆㣅ᠡ zuòyù yīngcái Cultivate the talented mind.
B. To thank Dr. Yan’s outstanding skill that saved his wife’s life, Mr. Li
commissioned a scroll that reads:
a. 䖥ᙺ䖰ᴹ/䖥ᙙ䘴՚ jìnyuè yuǎnlái Doing one’s best to satisfy people
near and far
b. ཭᠟ಲ᯹ miàoshǒu huíchūn You have effected a miraculous cure
c. ⨈⨳੠号/⨈⨳੠勈 qínsè hémíng Wishing you a harmonious marriage
C. To congratulate the grand opening of Mr. Wang’s business, Mr. Zhou had
a flower stand arrangement delivered with a card that reads:
a. 吓೒໻ሩ/匏೪໻ሩ hóngtú dàzhǎn May your business prosper
b. 䞥ὰ乬ৡ/䞥ὰ丠ৡ jīnbǎng tímíng Wishing you academic success
c. ᵒᶣ䭓᯹/ᵒᶣ䭋᯹ sōngbǎi chángchūn Pine trees and cypress trees are
forever green (Wishes for continued long life)
D. Mr. Huang, a famous calligrapher, is asked to write something for an art gallery
opening. Which of the following expressions is most likely to be chosen:
a. ℹℹ催छ bùbù gāoshēng Rise up step by step
b. 䋶⑤ᑓ䖯/䉵⑤ᒷ䘆 cáiyuán guǎngjìn Wishing you abundant wealth
c. Ꮋ༎໽Ꮉ/Ꮋ༾໽Ꮉ qiǎo duó tiāngōng Craftmanship surpassing nature
itself

240
Answer key

A Structures

1 Overview of pronunciation and Pinyin romanization

1 a. xiān b. bié c. xuǎn d. yuè e. tóu f. huài g. chuī h. zǎo

2 a. Xiáo Lǐ b. wú bá yǐzi c. Ní yóu gǒu ma? d. Wó hén hǎo. e. Tā yé xiáng mái

bǐ. f. Wó xiáng mǎi shū. g. Tā yóu jiǔ gè péng you. h. wǔshíwú běn shū

3 a. kuai b. wan c. pengyou d. qian e. duo f. yue g. xuesheng h. zhongguo

i. xiao j. yao

2 Syllable, meaning, and word

1 a. yì tiáo lù b. bú tài guì c. yí kuài qián d. yì mén kè e. yì suǒ fángzi

f. yí gè rén g. yí shù huār h. yì háng i. yí bù diànyǐng j. bú cuò

3 The Chinese writing system: an overview

1 ✽ B 㔨 F
㰢 E ು C
ᛇ A ⑰ B
䍞 D ᓇ E
仃 B ᖬ A
䳋 A ሒ E
咏 E Ꮅ D
㙝 F ℵ B
䖭 D ৠ F
䇈 B ሔ E

241
ANSWER KEY

2 㗙 ᮹ˈೳ Ḝ ཇˈ᳼
↉ জ ぎ Ꮉ
ὐ ཇˈ᳼ ᯧ ᮹
␪ ᳜ ᛣ ᮹ˈᖗ
䛑 ᮹ˈೳ 䍷 জ
✻ ᮹ ট জ
佭 ᮹ ೄ ᳼
ᛇ ᳼ˈᖗ 䲒 জ
Ꮊ Ꮉ 㤿 ᳜
⏙ ᳜ ྨ ཇ
3 a. ཇ b. ҏ c. 㿔 d. ⺮ e. ㋌ f. 䞥 g. 䖊 h. ∉ i. ᕇ

4 a. 䖊 b. ᠋ c. 䮼 d. ᖘ e. ᬉ f. ᇌ g. ᳼ h. 㘇 i. ∉

5 a. 䮼 b. 䔺 c. 㑳 d. 伷 e. 偀 f. 䋱 g. 䩙 h. 剐

6 a. D b. F c. G d. C e. B f. E g. H h. A

7 a. 䃯 - 䆆 b. พ - ഫ c. ῷ - ḋ d. 㰁 - ݄ e. 䗷 - 䖲 f. ℤ - ⃻ g. ᅌ - ᄺ h. 䁡
- 䅸 i. 㙑 - ਀ j. Ლ - ग़
8 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
ba zhan gang dong cheng
⠌ キ ㎅ ᵅ ජ
৻ ऴ ࠯ ẳ 䁴
ᡞ ៬ 䣐 ‫ޡ‬ ៤

9 a. 4 b. 7 c. 5 d. 11 e. 7 f. 15 g. 5

4 Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence

1 a. >៥@᯼໽䎳᳟টৗ>ज佁@њDŽ
>៥@᯼໽䎳᳟টৗ>ज仃@њDŽ
[Wǒ] zuótiān gēn péng you chī [wǔfàn] le.
Yesterday [I] ate [lunch] with friends.
b. ៥ⱘ>ᓳᓳ@↣໽ⳟ>⬉㾚@DŽ
៥ⱘ>ᓳᓳ@↣໽ⳟ>䳏㽪@DŽ
Wǒ de [dìdi] měitiān kàn [diànshì].
My [younger brother] watches [television] every day.
c. Ё೑ⱘ>໻ᄺ⫳@гϞ>㔥@৫˛
Ё೟ⱘ>໻ᅌ⫳@гϞ>㎆@஢˛
Zhōngguó de [dàxuéshēng] yě shàng [wǎng] ma?
Do Chinese [university students] also surf [the web]?

242
Answer key

d. ජ䞠ⱘ>кᑫ@᳝ᕜ໮>໪೑к@DŽ
ජ㺣ⱘ>᳌ᑫ@᳝ᕜ໮>໪೟᳌@DŽ
Chéng lǐ de [shūdiàn] yǒu hěn duō [wàiguó shū].
The [bookstore] in the city has a lot of [foreign books].
e. >៥@Ҟ໽ϟज೼݀ುⱘ>䮼ষ@ㄝ>Դ@DŽ
>៥@Ҟ໽ϟज೼݀೦ⱘ>䭔ষ@ㄝ>Դ@DŽ
[Wǒ] jīntiān xiàwǔ zài gōngyuán de [ménkǒu] děng [nǐ].
[I] will wait for [you] at the park [gate] this afternoon.

2 a. ៥㒭ཊཊ‫ֵݭ‬њDŽ
៥㌺ཊཊᆿֵњDŽ
Wǒ gěi nǎinai xiě xìn le.
I wrote a letter to my grandma.
b. ៥ᇍᖗ⧚ᄺᕜ᳝݈䍷DŽ
៥ᇡᖗ⧚ᅌᕜ᳝㟜䍷DŽ
Wǒ duì xīnlǐxué hěn yǒu xìngqù.
I am very interested in psychology.
c. ៥ᕜ୰⃶䎳᳟টএ⥽DŽ
៥ᕜ୰ℵ䎳᳟টএ⥽DŽ
Wǒ hěn xǐhuan gěn péngyou qù wán.
I really like to go out with my friends.
d. 㽕ᰃԴᖭˈ៥ৃҹ᳓Դ‫خ‬䖭ӊџDŽ
㽕ᰃԴᖭˈ៥ৃҹ᳓Դ‫خ‬䗭ӊџDŽ
Yàoshi nǐ máng, wǒ kěyǐ tì nǐ zuò zhè jiàn shì.
If you are busy I can do that for you.
e. ԴҔМᯊ‫ࠄ׭‬៥ᆊᴹ˛
Դ⫮咑ᰖ‫ࠄ׭‬៥ᆊ՚˛
Nǐ shénme shíhòu dào wǒ jiā lái?
When are you coming to my house?

3 a. ៥এᑈ೼Ё೑ᄺЁ᭛њDŽ
៥এᑈ೼Ё೟ᅌЁ᭛њDŽ
Wǒ qùnián zài Zhōngguó xué Zhōngwén le.
b. ៥↣໽䛑೼ᄺ⫳Ёᖗ⺄ࠄҪDŽ
៥↣໽䛑೼ᅌ⫳Ёᖗ⺄ࠄҪDŽ
Wǒ měitiān dōu zài xuésheng zhōngxīn pèngdào tā.
c. Դᛇᇚᴹ䎳ҔМḋⱘҎ㒧ီ˛
Դᛇᇛ՚䎳⫮咑ῷⱘҎ㌤ီ˛
Nǐ xiǎng jiānglái gēn shénme yàng de rén jiéhūn?
d. Ҫ᯼໽ᰮϞ㒭៥ᠧ⬉䆱њDŽ
Ҫ᯼໽ᰮϞ㌺៥ᠧ䳏䁅њDŽ
Tā zuótiān wǎnshang gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà le.

243
ANSWER KEY

e. Ҫ䇋៥⼐ᢰ݁䎳Ҫএⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
Ҫ䂟៥⾂ᢰ݁䎳Ҫএⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Tā qǐng wǒ lǐbài liù gēn tā qù kàn diànyǐng.

4 a. ៥೼᮹ᴀԣњѨᑈDŽ
Wǒ zài Rìběn zhùle wǔ nián.
b. ៥г୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥г୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ yě xǐhuān kàn diànyǐng.
c. ៥↣Ͼ਼᳿䛑ಲᆊDŽ
៥↣‫ן‬䘅᳿䛑ಲᆊDŽ
Wǒ měi gè zhōumò dōu huí jiā.
d. ៥೼೒к佚Ꮉ԰DŽ
៥೼೪᳌仼Ꮉ԰DŽ
Wǒ zài túshūguǎn gōngzuò.
e. Դ㽕ϡ㽕䎳៥এⳟ⬉ᕅ˛
Դ㽕ϡ㽕䎳៥এⳟ䳏ᕅ˛
Nǐ yào bù yào gēn wǒ qù kàn diànyǐng?
f. ៥ᇍ໪೑⬉ᕅ≵᳝݈䍷DŽ
៥ᇡ໪೟䳏ᕅ≦᳝㟜䍷DŽ
Wǒ duì wàiguó diànyǐng méi yǒu xìngqù.

5 a. ៥ϡ୰⃶ৗ㟁䈚㜤DŽ
៥ϡ୰ℵৗ㟁䈚㜤DŽ
Wǒ bù xǐhuān chī chòu dòufu.
b. ៥Ӏϡᛇ䎳Դϔ䍋এⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥‫ץ‬ϡᛇ䎳Դϔ䍋এⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒmen bù xiǎng gēn nǐ yīqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng.
c. Ҫϡ೼令ख़Ꮉ԰ˈҪ೼ᆓ㟡Ꮉ԰DŽ
Ҫϡ೼令ᓇᎹ԰ˈҪ೼ᆓ㟡Ꮉ԰DŽ
Tā bù zài cāntīng gōngzuò, tā zài sùshè gōngzuò.
d. Ҫ≵㒭៥ᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
Ҫ≦㌺៥ᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Tā méi gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà.
e. Ҫϡ೼⊩೑ᗉкˈҪ೼ᖋ೑ᗉкDŽ
Ҫϡ೼⊩೟ଌ᳌ˈҪ೼ᖋ೟ଌ᳌DŽ
Tā bù zài Fǎguó niànshū, tā zài Déguó niànshū.

5 Nouns

1 a. ៥Ӏ/៥‫ ץ‬wǒmen or અӀ/અ‫ ץ‬zánmen b. ៥Ӏ/៥‫ ץ‬wǒmen ________ Դ nǐ or

ԴӀ/Դ‫ ץ‬nǐmen c. ҪӀ/Ҫ‫ץ‬tāmen or ཌྷӀ/ཌྷ‫ץ‬tāmen d. ៥wǒ ________
ҪӀ/Ҫ‫ץ‬tāmen or ཌྷӀ/ཌྷ‫ץ‬tāmen e. ៥wǒ ________ Ҫtā ________ ཌྷtā

244
Answer key

2 a. ཌྷⱘ tā de b. ៥ⱘ wǒ de c. ៥ⱘ wǒ de or ៥ wǒ d. Դⱘ nǐ de;
៥Ӏⱘ/៥‫ ⱘץ‬wǒmen de e. Դⱘ nǐ de
3 a. ҪӀ/Ҫ‫ ץ‬tāmen, ៥ wǒ, ៥Ӏ៥‫ ץ‬wǒmen
b. ཌྷ tā, ཌྷ tā, ៥ wǒ, ཌྷ tā, Դ nǐ
c. ៥ wǒ, Դ nǐ, ៥ wǒ / ៥ wǒ, 㞾Ꮕ zìjǐ

6 Numbers

1 a. ݁ liù b. कѨ shíwǔ c. कϔ shíyī d. ϝक݁ sānshíliù e. Ѡकϝ èrshísān

f. ܿकಯ bāshísì g. ѨकѨ wǔshíwǔ h. бकϗ jiǔshíqī

2 a. ݁Ѩ䳊ѨϗܿѠϝ liù wǔ líng wǔ qī bā èr sān b. ϗܿϔѠܿϝѠϔбϔ

qī bā yī èr bā sān èr yī jiǔ yī c. бϔϔ jiǔ yī yī (jiǔ yāo yāo) d. 䳊ϝѠಯѨϗϗ
݁ϝб líng sān èr sì wǔ qī qī liù sān jiǔ e. ܿѨѠѠ݁䳊бѨಯбܿ bā wǔ èr èr
liù líng jiǔ wǔ sì jiǔ bā f. ܿѨѠб݁݁ܿܿ bā wǔ èr jiǔ liù liù bā bā

3 a. ϸ/ܽ liǎng b. Ѡ èr c. Ѡ èr d. ϸ/ܽ liǎng e. ϸ/ܽ liǎng f. ϸ/ܽ liǎng

g. ϸ/ܽ liǎng h. ϸ/ܽ liǎng i. Ѡ èr j. Ѡ èr or ϸ/ܽ liǎng

4 Arabic numeral Chinese number

a. 1,276 ϔगѠⱒϗक݁
yī qiān èr bǎi qīshí liù
b. 35,634 ϝϛѨग݁ⱒϝकಯ
ϝ㨀Ѩग݁ⱒϝकಯ
sānwàn wǔqiān liùbǎi sānshísì
c. 256,758 ѠकѨϛ݁गϗⱒѨकܿ
ѠकѨ㨀݁गϗⱒѨकܿ
èrshí wǔ wàn liù qiān qī bǎi wǔshí bā
d. 9,600,000 бⱒ݁कϛ
бⱒ݁क㨀
jiǔbǎi liù shí wàn
e. 1,893,683 ϔⱒܿकбϛϝग݁ⱒܿकϝ
ϔⱒܿकб㨀ϝग݁ⱒܿकϝ
yī bǎi bāshí jiǔ wàn sān qiān liù bǎi bāshísān
f. 3,027 ϝग䳊Ѡकϗ
sān qiān líng èrshí qī
g. 370,035 ϝकϗϛ䳊ϝकѨ
ϝकϗ㨀䳊ϝकѨ
sānshí qī wàn líng sānshí wǔ

245
ANSWER KEY

Arabic numeral Chinese number

h. 279,005 Ѡकϗϛбग䳊Ѩ
Ѡकϗ㨀бग䳊Ѩ
èrshí qī wàn jiǔ qiān líng wǔ
i. 3,079,001 ϝⱒ䳊ϗϛбग䳊ϔ
ϝⱒ䳊ϗ㨀бग䳊ϔ
sānbǎi líng qī wàn jiǔqiān líng yī
j. 66,209,380 ݁ग݁ⱒѠकϛбगϝⱒܿक
݁ग݁ⱒѠक㨀бगϝⱒܿक
liùqiān liùbǎi èrshí wàn jiǔqiān sānbǎi bāshí

5 English ordinal Mandarin ordinal

a. 20th ㄀Ѡक dì èrshí
b. 9th ㄀б dì jiǔ
c. 3rd ㄀ϝ dì sān
d. 17th ㄀कϗ dì shíqī
e. 1st ㄀ϔ dì yī
f. 12th ㄀कѠ dì shí’èr
g. 48th ㄀ಯकܿ dì sìshí bā
h. 36th ㄀ϝक݁ dì sānshíliù

6 English Mandarin
a. 50 more or less ѨकᎺে
wǔshí zuiyòu
b. less than two hundred ϸⱒҹϟ
ܽⱒҹϟ
liǎng bǎi yǐxià
c. almost 100 Ꮒϡ໮ϔⱒ
chàbuduō yī bǎi
d. two or three students ϸϝϾᄺ⫳
ܽϝ‫ן‬ᅌ⫳
liǎng sān gè xuésheng
e. nine or ten students бϾकϾᄺ⫳
б‫ן‬क‫ן‬ᅌ⫳
jiǔ gè shí gè xuésheng
f. less than 10 कҹϟ shí yǐxià
g. more than 50 ѨकҹϞ wǔshí yǐshàng
h. more than a month ϔϾ໮᳜/ϔ‫ן‬໮᳜
yī gè duō yuè

246
Answer key

7 English Mandarin
a. 5/8 ܿߚПѨ
bā fēn zhī wǔ
b. 1/3 ϝߚПϔ
sān fēn zhīyī
c. 0.75 䳊⚍ϗѨ/䳊咲ϗѨ
líng diǎn qī wǔ
d. 30% ⱒߚПϝक
bǎi fēn zhī sānshí
e. 8.33 ܿ⚍ϝϝ/ܿ咲ϝϝ
bā diǎn sān sān
f. 0.003 䳊⚍䳊䳊ϝ/䳊咲䳊䳊ϝ
líng diǎn líng líng sān
g. 4/5 ѨߚПಯ
wǔ fēn zhī sì
h. 1/7 ϗߚПϔ
qī fēn zhī yī

8 a. 91/2 hours бϾञ䩳༈/б‫ן‬ञ䧬丁

jiǔ gè bàn zhōngtóu
b. 11/2 cups of coffee ϔᵃञ੪ଵ/ϔⲗञ੪ଵ
yī bēi bàn kāfēi
c. 1
/2 month ञϾ᳜/ञ‫ן‬᳜
bàn gè yuè
d. 11/2 months ϔϾञ᳜/ϔ‫ן‬ञ᳜
yī gè bàn yuè
e. 1
/2 year ञᑈ
bàn nián
f. 31/2 years ϝᑈञ
sān nián bàn
g. 1
/2 book ञᴀк/ञᴀ᳌
bàn běn shū
h. 21/2 semesters ϸϾञᄺᳳ/ܽ‫ן‬ञᅌᳳ
liǎng gè bàn xuéqī
i. 31/2 bowls of rice ϝ⹫ञ佁/ϝ⹫ञ仃
sān wǎn bàn fàn
j. 1
/2 glass of beer ञᵃସ䜦/ञⲗସ䜦
bàn bēi píjiǔ

247
ANSWER KEY

9 a. ᠧϗᡬ dǎ qīzhé b. ᠧбᡬ dǎ jiǔzhé c. ᠧѨᡬ dǎ wǔzhé

d. ᠧϗ⚍Ѩᡬ/ᠧϗ咲Ѩᡬ dǎ qī diǎn wǔzhé

10 a. 27 ‫ ܗ‬yuán b. 128 ‫ ܗ‬yuán c. 40 ‫ ܗ‬yuán d. 100 ‫ ܗ‬yuán e. 750 ‫ ܗ‬yuán

f. 14400 ‫ ܗ‬yuán

7 Specifiers and demonstratives

1 a. 䖭/䗭 zhè, 䙷 nà b. ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr or ા䞠/ા㺣 nǎli c. ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr or

ા䞠/ા㺣 nǎli d. 䖭/䗭 zhè e. ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr or ા䞠/ા㺣 nǎli f. 䙷‫ܓ‬/䙷‫ ܦ‬nàr or
䙷䞠/䙷㺣 nàlǐ g. 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬zhèr or 䖭䞠/䗭㺣 zhèlǐ h. 䖭/䗭 zhè, 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬zhèr
or 䖭䞠/䗭㺣 zhèlǐ i. 䙷‫ܓ‬/䙷‫ ܦ‬nàr or 䙷䞠/䙷㺣 nàlǐ, 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬zhèr or
䖭䞠/䗭㺣 zhèlǐ, 䙷‫ܓ‬/䙷‫ ܦ‬nàr or 䙷䞠/䙷㺣 nàlǐ j. ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr or ા䞠/ા㺣
nǎli, 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬zhèr or 䖭䞠/䗭㺣 zhèlǐ

2 a. ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr or ા䞠/ા㺣 nǎli, b. 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬zhèr or 䖭䞠/䗭㺣 zhèlǐ,

c. 䙷‫ܓ‬/䙷‫ ܦ‬nàr or 䙷䞠/䙷㺣 nàlǐ, d. 䙷 nà, e. ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ ܦ‬nǎr or ા䞠/ા㺣 nǎli,
f. 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬zhèr or 䖭䞠/䗭㺣 zhèlǐ, g. 䙷 nà, h. 䖭/䗭 zhè, i. 䙷‫ܓ‬/䙷‫ ܦ‬nàr or 䙷
䞠/䙷㺣 nàlǐ, j. 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬zhèr or 䖭䞠/䗭㺣 zhèlǐ, k. 䙷 nà, l. ા nǎ, m. 䙷 nà

8 Classifiers

1 a. 䖭ϸᓴḠᄤ
䗭ܽᔉḠᄤ
zhè liǎng zhāng zhuōzi
b. 䖭ϝԡᬭᥜ
䗭ϝԡᬭᥜ
zhè sān wèi jiàoshòu
c. 䙷ϸঠ䵟ᄤ
䙷ܽ䲭䵟ᄤ
nà liǎng shuāng xiézi
d. 䙷ಯ⫊ସ䜦
nà sì píng píjiǔ
e. 䙷ϝᴀЁ᭛к
䙷ϝᴀЁ᭛᳌
nà sān běn Zhōngwén shū
f. 䖭ϸӊ↯㸷
䗭ܽӊ↯㸷
zhè liǎng jiàn máoyī
g. 䖭ϸϾ㣅೑ᄺ⫳
䗭ܽ‫ן‬㣅೟ᅌ⫳
zhè liǎng gè Yīngguó xuésheng

248
Answer key

h. 䙷ಯ䮼᭛ᄺ䇒
䙷ಯ䭔᭛ᅌ䂆
nà sì mén wénxué kè

2 a. 䙷कϾᄺ⫳/䙷क‫ן‬ᅌ⫳ nà shí gè xuésheng

b. 䖭ϝ໽/䗭ϝ໽ zhè sān tiān
c. 䙷Ͼ᠟ᴎ/䙷‫ן‬᠟″ nàge shǒujī
d. 䙷Ѩᓴ✻⠛/䙷Ѩᔉ✻⠛ nà wǔ zhāng zhàopiàn
e. 䖭ᵃ੪ଵ/䗭ᵃ੪ଵ zhè bēi kāfēi
f. 䙷ᓴ㒌/䙷ᔉ㋭ nà zhāng zhǐ
3 Scenario 1
A. a. ᵱ zhī b. ᴀ běn c. Ͼ/‫ ן‬gè d. ӊ jiàn e. ᴵ/ṱ tiáo f. ᓴ/ᔉ zhāng
B. Translation:
Kevin: The semester is about to begin. I’m going to buy some things for
school. Look, the things in this store are really cheap: I bought ten
pencils, two dictionaries, a backpack, two pieces of clothing, a pair of
slacks, and altogether it was only $35. Their paper is even cheaper,
500 sheets are only $4.50.
Scenario 2
A. a. ᴵ/ṱ tiáo b. ⫊ píng c. Ͼ/‫ ן‬gè d. ᓴ/ᔉ zhāng e. ᡞ bǎ
f. ᓴ/ᔉ zhāng g. ⫊ píng h. ᴵ/ṱ tiáo i. ӊ jiàn
B. Translation:
Tina: Are the tables and chairs all set up? I’ve bought the five loaves of bread
and four bottles of wine that you wanted.
Lily: There are altogether ten people. We might not all be able to fit at the
table. We still need another table. Also, bring over three more chairs.
In addition, we need to put a vase of flowers on each table.
Tina: Okay. What are you wearing tonight? I want to wear my red skirt.
Lily: I’m planning to wear the new skirt that I bought. It looks really good
with that white jacket.
4 a. ϔϛϝगಯⱒѨकбഫ
ϔ㨀ϝगಯⱒѨकбพ
yī wàn sān qiān sì bǎi wǔshí jiǔ kuài
b. ϸगܿⱒѨकഫ
ܽगܿⱒѨकพ
liǎng qiān bā bǎi wǔshí kuài
c. ϗ↯Ѩ ߚ
qī máo wǔ (fēn)
d. ಯⱒѨकഫ䳊Ѡߚ
ಯⱒѨकพ䳊Ѡߚ
sì bǎi wǔshí kuài líng èr fēn

249
ANSWER KEY

e. ϔगѠⱒѠकѠഫ
ϔगѠⱒѠकѠพ
yī qiān èr bǎi èrshí’èr kuài
f. бϛ݁गಯⱒѨकϗഫಯ↯Ѩ ߚ
б㨀݁गಯⱒѨकϗพಯ↯Ѩ ߚ
jiǔ wàn liù qiān sì bǎi wǔ shí qī kuài sì máo wǔ (fēn)

5 a. $93.81 b. $45.03 c. $8.1 d. $2,703 e. $6.09 f. $0.66

9 Noun phrases

1 a. ⱘ de cannot be included in this noun phrase

b. Ѩᴀᕜ᳝ᛣᗱⱘᇣ䇈
Ѩᴀᕜ᳝ᛣᗱⱘᇣ䁾
wǔ běn hěn yǒu yìsī de xiǎoshuō
c. Ѩᓴᕜ֓ᅰⱘ亲ᴎ⼼
Ѩᔉᕜ֓ᅰⱘ亯″⼼
wǔ zhāng hěn piányi de fēijī piào
d. 䙷ᴵ㪱㡆ⱘ㺸ᄤ
䙷ṱ㮡㡆ⱘ㼆ᄤ
nà tiáo lánsè de kùzi
e. 䙷䮼Ё᭛ ⱘ 䇒
䙷䭔Ё᭛ ⱘ 䂆
nà mén Zhōngwén (de) kè
f. 䙷݁ᡞᕜⓖ҂ⱘộᄤ
nà liù bǎ hěn piàoliang de yǐzi
g. ϔ⫊Ѩकഫ䪅ⱘ㨵㧘䜦
ϔ⫊Ѩकพ䣶ⱘ㨵㧘䜦
yī píng wǔshí kuài qián de pútao jiǔ

2 a. ៥ⱘѨᵱ䪙ヨ
៥ⱘѨᵱ䠯ㄚ
wǒ de wǔ zhī qiānbǐ
b. ៥ⱘϔϾ᳟ট
៥ⱘϔ‫ן‬᳟ট
wǒ de yī gè péngyou
c. ҪⱘϸϾৠᄺ
Ҫⱘܽ‫ן‬ৠᅌ
tā de liǎng gè tóngxué
d. ៥Ӏⱘϝԡ㗕Ꮬ
៥‫ⱘץ‬ϝԡ㗕᏿
wǒmen de sān wèi lǎoshī

250
Answer key

e. ៥ⱘಯᴀк
៥ⱘಯᴀ᳌
wǒ de sì běn shū
f. Ҫⱘ䙷ᡞộᄤ
tā de nà bǎ yǐzi
g. ୰⃶ᮙ␌ⱘཇᄽᄤ
୰ℵᮙ␌ⱘཇᄽᄤ
xǐhuan lǚyóu de nǚháizi
h. ϸᓴᕜ䌉ⱘ亲ᴎ⼼
ܽᔉᕜ䊈ⱘ亯″⼼
liǎng zhāng hěn guì de fēijī piào
i. 䙷ԡᕜ催ⱘᖋ᭛㗕Ꮬ
䙷ԡᕜ催ⱘᖋ᭛㗕᏿
nà wèi hěn gāo de Déwén lǎoshī
j. ៥ⱘᕜདⱘ᳟ট
wǒ de hěn hǎo de péngyou
k. ϔӊ咘买㡆ⱘ↯㸷
ϔӊ咗丨㡆ⱘ↯㸷
yī jiàn huáng yánsè de máoyī
l. ϔഫ䪅ⱘЁ೑ഄ೒
ϔพ䣶ⱘЁ೟ഄ೪
yī kuài qián de Zhōngguó dìtú

3 a. Whose Chinese book? b. A Chinese book written by whom? c. A Chinese book

that you bought when? d. A Chinese book that you bought where?
e. Which book written by Professor Ma? f. Which book that you like?
g. A book that costs how much money?

4 a. 䖭ϝᴀк
䗭ϝᴀ᳌
zhè sān běn shū
b. 䙷ϸϾᄺ⫳
䙷ܽ‫ן‬ᅌ⫳
nà liǎng gè xuésheng
c. 䙷Ѩᵱヨ
䙷Ѩᵱㄚ
nà wǔ zhī bǐ
d. 䖭कϾᴀᄤ or 䖭कᴀᴀᄤ
䗭क‫ן‬ᴀᄤ or 䗭कᴀᴀᄤ
zhè shí gè běnzi or zhè shí běn běnzi
e. 䖭ᓴ㒌
䗭ᔉ㋭
zhè zhāng zhǐ

251
ANSWER KEY

f. 䖭ѯ᡹㒌
䗭ѯฅ㋭
zhè xiē bàozhǐ
g. 䖭ᴵ㺸ᄤ
䗭ṱ㼆ᄤ
zhè tiáo kùzi
h. 䖭ϝᡞộᄤ
䗭ϝᡞộᄤ
zhè sān bǎ yǐzi
i. 䙷ѨᓴḠᄤ
䙷ѨᔉḠᄤ
nà wǔ zhāng zhuōzi
j. 䙷ϾҎ
䙷‫ן‬Ҏ
nàge rén

5 a. ϝϾᄺЁ᭛ⱘҎ
ϝ‫ן‬ᅌЁ᭛ⱘҎ
sān gè xué Zhōngwén de rén
b. ៥᯼໽ⳟⱘ⬉ᕅ
៥᯼໽ⳟⱘ䳏ᕅ
wǒ zuótiān kàn de diànyǐng
c. ៥Ӯ‫∝ⱘݭ‬ᄫ
៥᳗ᆿⱘ⓶ᄫ
wǒ huì xiě de Hàn zì
d. 䎳Դ䇜䆱ⱘ䙷ԡ‫⫳ܜ‬
䎳Դ䂛䁅ⱘ䙷ԡ‫⫳ܜ‬
gēn nǐ tánhuà de nà wèi xiānsheng
e. Ҟ໽ᮽϞ䎳Դ䇜䆱ⱘ䙷ԡ‫⫳ܜ‬
Ҟ໽ᮽϞ䎳Դ䂛䁅ⱘ䙷ԡ‫⫳ܜ‬
jīntiān zǎoshang gēn nǐ tánhuà de nà wèi xiānsheng
f. Ҟ໽ᮽϞ೼令ख़䎳Դ䇜䆱ⱘ䙷ԡ‫⫳ܜ‬
Ҟ໽ᮽϞ೼令ᓇ䎳Դ䂛䁅ⱘ䙷ԡ‫⫳ܜ‬
jīntiān zǎoshang zài cāntīng gēn nǐ tánhuà de nà wèi xiānsheng
g. ៥фⱘ䵟ᄤ
៥䊋ⱘ䵟ᄤ
wǒ mǎi de xiézi
h. ៥೼ᛣ໻߽фⱘ䵟ᄤ
៥೼ᛣ໻߽䊋ⱘ䵟ᄤ
wǒ zài Yìdàlì mǎi de xiézi

6 a. þ೒к佚ÿᰃⳟк‫׳‬кⱘഄᮍDŽþ೪᳌仼ÿᰃⳟ᳌‫׳‬᳌ⱘഄᮍDŽ‘Túshūguǎn’
shì kàn shū jiè shū de dìfang.
b. þৠሟÿᰃ䎳Դϔ䍋ԣⱘҎDŽ‘Tóngwū’ shì gēn nǐ yīqǐ zhù de rén.

252
Answer key

c. þॼᏜÿᰃ‫خ‬㦰ⱘҎDŽþᒮ᏿ÿᰃ‫خ‬㦰ⱘҎDŽ‘Chúshī’ shì zuò cài de rén.

d. þए⫳ÿᰃⳟ⮙ⱘҎDŽþ䝿⫳ÿᰃⳟ⮙ⱘҎDŽ‘Yīshēng’ shì kàn bìng de rén.
e. þᄺ᷵ÿᰃ䎳ৠᄺᄺдⱘഄᮍDŽ þᅌ᷵ÿᰃ䎳ৠᅌᅌ㖦ⱘഄᮍDŽ‘Xuéxiào’ shì
gēn tóngxué xuéxí de dìfang.

10 Adjectives and adjectival verbs

1 a. Ҫᖭϡᖭ˛ or Ҫᖭ৫˛
Ҫᖭ஢˛
Tā máng bù máng? Tā máng ma?
b. 䙷ᴀк᳝ᛣᗱ≵᳝˛ or 䙷ᴀк᳝ᛣᗱ৫˛
䙷ᴀ᳌᳝ᛣᗱ≦᳝˛ 䙷ᴀ᳌᳝ᛣᗱ஢˛
Nà běn shū yǒu yìsi méi yǒu? Nà běn shū yǒu yìsi ma?
c. 亲ᴎ⼼䌉ϡ䌉˛ or 亲ᴎ⼼䌉৫˛
亯″⼼䊈ϡ䊈˛ 亯″⼼䊈஢˛
Fēijī piào guì bù guì? Fēijī piào guì ma?
d. 䙷ӊџᚙ໡ᴖϡ໡ᴖ˛ or 䙷ӊџᚙ໡ᴖ৫˛
䙷ӊџᚙ㻛䲰ϡ㻛䲰˛ 䙷ӊџᚙ㻛䲰஢˛
Nà jiàn shìqing fùzá bù fùzá? Nà jiàn shìqing fùzá ma?
e. ཌྷⱘ⬋᳟টདⳟϡདⳟ˛ or ཌྷⱘ⬋᳟টདⳟ৫˛
ཌྷⱘ⬋᳟টདⳟ஢˛
Tā de nán péng you hǎo kàn Tā de nán péng you hǎo kàn ma?
bù hǎo kàn?
f. ҪӀ⫼ࡳϡ⫼ࡳ˛ or ҪӀ⫼ࡳ৫˛
Ҫ‫ࡳ⫼ץ‬ϡ⫼ࡳ˛ Ҫ‫ࡳ⫼ץ‬஢˛
Tāmen yònggōng bù yònggōng? Tāmen yònggōng ma?
g. Ҫ᳝䪅≵᳝˛ or Ҫ᳝䪅৫˛
Ҫ᳝䣶≦᳝˛ Ҫ᳝䣶஢˛
Tā yǒu qián méi yǒu? Tā yǒu qián ma?
h. 䙷䕚䔺ᖿϡᖿ˛ or 䙷䕚䔺ᖿ৫˛
䙷䓯䒞ᖿϡᖿ˛ 䙷䓯䒞ᖿ஢˛
Nà liàng chē kuài bù kuài? Nà liàng chē kuài ma?
2 a. ҪϡᖭDŽ
Tā bù máng.
b. 䙷ᴀк≵᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
䙷ᴀ᳌≦᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Nà běn shū méi yǒu yìsi.
c. 亲ᴎ⼼ϡ䌉DŽ
亯″⼼ϡ䊈DŽ
Fēijī piào bù guì.

253
ANSWER KEY

d. 䙷ӊџᚙϡ໡ᴖDŽ
䙷ӊџᚙϡ㻛䲰DŽ
Nà jiàn shìqing bù fùzá.
e. ཌྷⱘ⬋᳟টϡདⳟDŽ
Tā de nán péng you bù hǎokàn.
f. ҪӀϡ⫼ࡳDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ϡ⫼ࡳDŽ
Tāmen bù yònggōng.
g. Ҫ≵᳝䪅DŽ
Ҫ≦᳝䣶DŽ
Tā méi yǒu qián.
h. 䙷䕚䔺ϡᖿDŽ
䙷䓯䒞ϡᖿDŽ
Nà liàng chē bù kuài.

3 a. Ҫᕜ催DŽ
Tā hěn gāo.
b. Ҫ䴲ᐌᏙDŽ
Ҫ䴲ᐌᏹDŽ
Tā fēicháng shuài.
c. ҪⳌᔧ㘾ᯢDŽ
ҪⳌ⭊㙄ᯢDŽ
Tā xiāngdāng cōngming.
d. Ҫ໾㚪DŽ
Tā tài pàng.
e. Ҫᕜᅶ⇨DŽ
Ҫᕜᅶ⇷DŽ
Tā hěn kèqi.
f. Ҫⳳ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Tā zhēn yǒu yìsi.

4 a. ⥟ᯢᕜ㘾ᯢDŽ਼߽᳈㘾ᯢDŽ
⥟ᯢᕜ㙄ᯢDŽ਼߽᳈㙄ᯢDŽ
Wáng Míng hěn cōngming. Zhōu Lì gèng cōngming.
b. ⥟ᯢ᳝ᴀџDŽ਼߽᳈᳝ᴀџDŽ
Wáng Míng yǒu běnshi. Zhōu Lì gèng yǒu běnshi.
c. ⥟ᯢᕜᏙDŽ਼߽᳈ᏙDŽ
⥟ᯢᕜᏹDŽ਼߽᳈ᏹDŽ
Wáng Míng hěn shuaì. Zhōu Lì gèng shuài.
d. ⥟ᯢᕜ੠⇨DŽ਼߽᳈੠⇨DŽ
⥟ᯢᕜ੠⇷DŽ਼߽᳈੠⇷DŽ
Wáng Míng hěn héqi. Zhōu Lì gèng héqi.

254
Answer key

5 a. ϔḋ/ϔḋ yīyàng
b. ᳈ gèng
c. 䖰/䖰 yuǎn
d. ᇣ xiǎo
e. ᴢᆊৠⱘ᠓䯈੠ᓴ໽ϔⱘ᠓䯈/ᴢᆊৠⱘ᠓䯈੠ᓴ໽ϔⱘ᠓䯈 Lǐ Jiātóng de
fángjiān hé Zhāng Tiānyī de fángjiān
6 a. 䙷䕚䔺ᄤ䴲ᐌ䌉DŽ
䙷䓯䒞ᄤ䴲ᐌ䊈DŽ
Nà liàng chēzi fēicháng guì.
That car is very expensive.
b. 䙷Ͼ乬Ⳃ↨䕗໡ᴖDŽ
䙷‫ן‬丠Ⳃ↨䓗㻛䲰DŽ
Nàge tímù bǐjiào fùzá.
That topic is relatively complex.
c. 䙷ӊ㸷᳡ᕜ⌕㸠DŽ or 䙷ḋⱘ㸷᳡ᕜ⌕㸠DŽ
䙷ӊ㸷᳡ᕜ⌕㸠DŽ or 䙷ῷⱘ㸷᳡ᕜ⌕㸠DŽ
Nà jiàn yīfú hěn liúxíng. or Nàyàng de yīfu hěn liúxíng.
That article of clothing is very stylish. or That kind of clothing is very stylish.
d. 䙷佪℠ᕜད਀DŽ
䙷佪℠ᕜད㙑DŽ
Nà shǒu gē hěn hǎotīng.
That song is very pleasant.
e. 䙷ӊџᚙ໾咏⚺њDŽ
䙷ӊџᚙ໾咏✽њDŽ
Nà jiàn shìqing tài máfan le. (໾ tài . . . њ le)
That matter is too troublesome.

11 Stative verbs

1 a. ҪϡᛇৗЁ೑佁DŽ
ҪϡᛇৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Tā bù xiǎng chī Zhōngguó fàn.
b. Ҫϡᗩ䰠⫳ҎDŽ
Tā bù pà mòshēng rén.
c. ៥ϡពҪⱘᛣᗱDŽ
Wǒ bù dǒng tā de yìsi.
d. ៥ϡ⠅ҪDŽ៥ϡᜓᛣ႕㒭ҪDŽ
៥ϡᛯҪDŽ៥ϡ丬ᛣ႕㌺ҪDŽ
Wǒ bù ài tā. Wǒ bù yuànyi jià gěi tā.
e. Ҫϡ‫ڣ‬Ҫ⠋⠋DŽ
Ҫϡ‫ڣ‬Ҫ⠎⠎DŽ
Tā bù xiàng tā yéye.

255
ANSWER KEY

2 a. ཌྷྦྷᓴDŽ
ཌྷྦྷᔉDŽ
Tā xìng Zhāng.
b. ཌྷিᇣ᯹DŽ
Tā jiào Xiǎo Chūn.
c. ཌྷҞᑈकܿቕDŽ
ཌྷҞᑈकܿⅆDŽ
Tā jīnnián shíbā suī.
d. ཌྷᰃ໻ᄺ⫳DŽ
ཌྷᰃ໻ᅌ⫳DŽ
Tā shì dàxuéshēng.
e. ཌྷ≵᳝≑䔺DŽཌྷ᳝ϔা⣿DŽ
ཌྷ≦᳝≑䒞DŽཌྷ᳝ϔ䲏⣿DŽ
Tā meí yǒu qìchē. Tā yǒu yī zhī māo.
f. ཌྷᕜ୰⃶ग़৆DŽ
ཌྷᕜ୰ℵ⅋৆DŽ
Tā hěn xǐhuan lìshǐ.
g. ཌྷᗩ⢫DŽ
Tā pà gǒu.
h. ཌྷ䴲ᐌᛇএЁ೑DŽ
ཌྷ䴲ᐌᛇএЁ೟DŽ
Tā fēicháng xiǎng qù Zhōngguó.

3 a. ೼ zài b. ᳝ yǒu c. ྦྷ xìng d. ᰃ shì e. ೼ zài f. ᳝ yǒu g. ᰃ shì . . .

᳝ yǒu
4 a. ‫ݏ‬⢫ˈᇍ৫˛Դⱘ᠓ᄤህ೼ᄺ᷵ⱘᮕ䖍DŽ䖬᳝ˈԴᕜ୰⃶࣪ᄺ੠ग़৆DŽ
仞⢫ˈᇡ஢˛Դⱘ᠓ᄤህ೼ᅌ᷵ⱘᮕ䙞DŽ䙘᳝ˈԴᕜ୰ℵ࣪ᅌ੠⅋৆DŽ
yǎng gǒu, duì ma? Nǐ de fángzi jiù zài xuéxiào de pángbiān. Hái yǒu,
nǐ hěn xǐhuān huàxué hé lìshǐ.
b. ᳔ᗩᓔ䔺DŽ/ ᳔ᗩ䭟䒞DŽzuì pà kāi chē.
c. ϡᗩњDŽbù pà le.

12 Modal verbs

1 a. Ӯ/᳗ huì b. Ӯ/᳗ huì c. 㛑 néng d. Ӯ/᳗ huì, 㛑 néng, or ৃҹ kěyǐ

e. 㛑 néng or ৃҹ kěyǐ f. 㛑 néng or ৃҹ kěyǐ g. ৃҹ kěyǐ h. Ӯ/᳗ huì,
㛑 néng, or ৃҹ kěyǐ
2 a. ϡᖙ bù bì b. ᑨ䆹/ឝ䁆 yīnggāi or ᑨᔧ/ឝ⭊ yīngdāng c. ϡᑨ䆹/ϡឝ䁆
bù yīnggāi d. ᖙ乏/ᖙ䷜ bìxū or ᕫ děi e. ᖙ乏/ᖙ䷜ bìxū or ᕫ děi f. ϡᖙ bù bì
g. ϡ䆌/ϡ䀅 bù xǔ h. ϡ䆌/ϡ䀅 bù xǔ

256
Answer key

3 a. Դᑨ䆹ᇍ㗕Ꮬᅶ⇨DŽ
Դឝ䁆ᇡ㗕᏿ᅶ⇷DŽ
Nǐ yīnggāi duì lǎoshī kèqi.
b. Դᖙᕫ↣໽Ϟ䇒DŽ
Դᖙᕫ↣໽Ϟ䂆DŽ
Nǐ bìděi měitiān shàng kè.
c. Դᑨ䆹↣໽ᰮϞᄺЁ᭛DŽ
Դឝ䁆↣໽ᰮϞᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Nǐ yīnggāi měitiān wǎnshang xué Zhōngwén.
d. Դᖙ乏фϔᴀЁ᭛ᄫ‫݌‬DŽ
Դᖙ䷜䊋ϔᴀЁ᭛ᄫ‫݌‬DŽ
Nǐ bìxū mǎi yī běn Zhōngwén zìdiǎn.
e. Դϡᖙⳟ䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅDŽ
Դϡᖙⳟ䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅDŽ
Nǐ bù bì kàn nàge diànyǐng.
4 a. Դᑨ䆹↣໽ᮽϞৗᮽ佁DŽ
Դឝ䁆↣໽ᮽϞৗᮽ仃DŽ
Nǐ yīnggāi měitiān zǎoshang chī zǎofàn.
b. Դᕫ䫕䮼DŽ
Դᕫ䥪䭔DŽ
Nǐ děi suǒ mén.
c. Դϡᑨ䆹ୱ໾໮੪ଵDŽ
Դϡឝ䁆ୱ໾໮੪ଵDŽ
Nǐ bù yīnggāi hē tài duō kāfēi.
d. Դϡᑨ䆹ⳟ߿ҎⱘֵDŽ
Դϡឝ䁆ⳟ߹ҎⱘֵDŽ
Nǐ bù yīnggāi kàn biéren de xìn.
e. Դϡᖙㄝ៥DŽ
Nǐ bù bì děng wǒ.
f. Դ ᖙ ᕫᡒᎹ԰DŽ
Nǐ (bì) děi zhǎo gōngzuò.
g. ԴϡᖙᮽಲᆊDŽ
Nǐ bù bì zǎo huí jiā.
h. Դϡ䆌೼ए䰶䞠ᢑ⚳DŽ
Դϡ䀅೼䝿䰶㺣ᢑ✭DŽ
Nǐ bù xǔ zài yīyuàn lǐ chōu yān.
5 a. ᕫ děi
b. ϡ䆌/ϡ䀅 bùxǔ
c. ߿ bié
d. ϡৃҹ bù kěyǐ
e. ৃҹ kěyǐ
f. Ӯ/᳗ huì
257
ANSWER KEY

6 a. ϡ㛑 bù néng b. ϡᑨ䆹/ϡᑨ䆹 bù yīnggāi c. ϡ䅽/ϡ䅽 bù ràng

13 Action verbs

1 a. 䖛/䘢 guo . . . 䖛/䘢 guo b. 䖛/䘢 guo c. њ le d. 䖛/䘢 guo e. њ le

f. 䖛/䘢 guo g. њ le

2 a. Ҫ≵ৗᮽ佁DŽ
Ҫ≦ৗᮽ仃DŽ
Tā méi chī zǎofàn.
b. ҪϞ䇒њDŽ
ҪϞ䂆њDŽ
Tā shàng kè le.
c. Ҫ೼೒к佚ᄺдњDŽ
Ҫ೼೪᳌仼ᅌ㖦њDŽ
Tā zài túshūguǎn xuéxí le.
d. ҪৗЁ佁њDŽ
ҪৗЁ仃њDŽ
Tā chī zhōngfàn le.
e. Ҫ≵ⳟҪⱘཇ᳟টDŽ
Ҫ≦ⳟҪⱘཇ᳟টDŽ
Tā méi kàn tā de nǚ péng you.
f. ҪⳟњϔϾ⬉ᕅDŽ
Ҫⳟњϔ‫ן‬䳏ᕅDŽ
Tā kàn le yī gè diànyǐng.
g. ҪএкᑫњDŽ
Ҫএ᳌ᑫњDŽ
Tā qù shūdiàn le.
h. Ҫ≵фкDŽ
Ҫ≦䊋᳌DŽ
Tā méi mǎi shū.
3 a. ៥ⳟкњDŽ
៥ⳟ᳌њDŽ
Wǒ kàn shū le.
b. ៥䎳᳟টଅ℠‫ܓ‬њDŽ
៥䎳᳟টଅ℠‫ܦ‬њDŽ
Wǒ gēn péng you chàng gēr le.
c. ៥೼೒к佚ᗉкњDŽ ៥೼೒к佚ᄺдњDŽ
៥೼೪᳌仼ᗉ᳌њDŽ ៥೼೪᳌仼ᅌ㖦њDŽ
Wǒ zài túshūguǎn niàn shū le. (Wǒ zài túshūguǎn xuéxí le.)

258
Answer key

d. ៥⬏њϸᓴ⬏‫ܓ‬DŽ
៥⬿њܽᔉ⬿‫ܦ‬DŽ
Wǒ huàle liǎng zhāng huàr.
e. ៥ⳟ⬉㾚ⳟњϸϾ䩳༈DŽ
៥ⳟ䳏㽪ⳟњܽ‫ן‬䧬丁DŽ
Wǒ kàn diànshì kànle liǎng gè zhōngtóu.

4 (Free response.)

5 Amy キⴔৗ佁DŽ
Amy キ㨫ৗ仃DŽ
Amy zhàn zhe chī fàn.
Beth ᓔⴔ䮼ⴵ㾝DŽ
Beth 䭟㨫䭔ⴵ㾎DŽ
Beth kāizhe mén shuì jiào.
Carmen ऻᅸⱘ๭Ϟᣖⴔϔӊ䭓໻㸷DŽ
Carmen 㞹ᅸⱘ⠚Ϟ᥯㨫ϔӊ䭋໻㸷DŽ
Carmen Wòshì de qiáng shang guàzhe yī jiàn cháng dàyī.
Derek ⱘкḠϞᬒˋᨚⴔकѠϾ⷇⣂ᄤDŽ
Derek ⱘ᳌ḠϞᬒˋᫎ㨫कѠ‫⤙⷇ן‬ᄤDŽ
Derek de shūzhuō shàng fàng/bǎi zhe shí’èr ge shí shīzi.
Emily া㛑തⴔଅ℠DŽ
Emily া㛑ത㨫ଅ℠DŽ
Emily zhǐ néng zuòzhe chàng gē.
Frank াこⴔⴵ㸷এᄺ᷵DŽ
Frank াこ㨫ⴵ㸷এᅌ᷵DŽ
Frank zhǐ chuānzhe shuìyī qù xúexiào.

14 Prepositions and prepositional phrases

1 a. ᳓ tì b. ᕔ wǎng c. ᇍ/ᇡ duì d. 䎳 gēn e. ᇍ/ᇡ duì f. ೼ zài ________
ࠄ dào g. 䎳 gēn or ᇍ/ᇡduì h. ᕔ wǎng
2 a. ៥㒭៥ⱘ᳟টᠧ⬉䆱њDŽ
៥㌺៥ⱘ᳟টᠧ䳏䁅њDŽ
Wǒ gěi wǒ de péngyou dǎ diànhuà le.
b. ཌྷ䇋៥ࠄཌྷᆊᴹৗ佁DŽ
ཌྷ䂟៥ࠄཌྷᆊ՚ৗ仃DŽ
Tā qǐng wǒ dào tā jiā lái chī fàn.
c. ៥೼೒к佚ᗉкњDŽ
៥೼೪᳌仼ᗉ᳌њDŽ
Wǒ zài túshūguǎn niàn shū le.

259
ANSWER KEY

d. ៥Ң೒к佚ࠄཌྷᆊএњDŽ
៥ᕲ೪᳌仼ࠄཌྷᆊএњDŽ
Wǒ cóng túshūguǎn dào tā jiā qù le.
e. ៥㒭Ҫф㊪њDŽ
៥㌺ཌྷ䊋㊪њDŽ
Wǒ gěi tā mǎi táng le.
f. ཌྷ㒭៥ҟ㒡ཌྷⱘ⠊↡DŽ
ཌྷ㌺៥ҟ㌍ཌྷⱘ⠊↡DŽ
Tā gěi wǒ jièshào tā de fùmǔ.
g. ৢᴹˈ៥䎳ཌྷⳟ⬉ᕅњDŽ
ᕠ՚ˈ៥䎳ཌྷⳟ䳏ᕅњDŽ
Hòulái, wǒ gēn tā kàn diànyǐng le.
h. ៥Ӏ೼к᠓ 䞠 ⳟ⬉ᕅњDŽ
៥‫ץ‬೼᳌᠓ 㺣 ⳟ䳏ᕅњDŽ
Wǒmen zài shūfáng (lǐ) kàn diànyǐng le.

3 a. 䖭ԡᰃ៥Ӏᮄᴹⱘ㗕ᏜDŽ
䗭ԡᰃ៥‫ץ‬ᮄ՚ⱘ㗕᏿DŽ
Zhè wèi shì wǒmen xīn lái de lǎoshī.
b. ៥㒭ԴӀҟ㒡ҟ㒡DŽ
៥㌺Դ‫ץ‬ҟ㌍ҟ㌍DŽ
Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshào jièshào.
c. Ҫ߮Ң㕢೑ᴹDŽ
Ҫ࠯ᕲ㕢೟՚DŽ
Tā gāng cóng Měiguó lái.
d. ҪҞᑈ೼៥Ӏᄺ᷵ᬭ㣅᭛DŽ
ҪҞᑈ೼៥‫ץ‬ᅌ᷵ᬭ㣅᭛DŽ
Tā jīnnián zài wǒmen xuéxiào jiào Yīngwén.
e. ҪᇍЁ೑᭛࣪ᕜ᳝݈䍷DŽ
ҪᇡЁ೟᭛࣪ᕜ᳝㟜䍷DŽ
Tā duì Zhōngguó wénhuà hěn yǒu xìngqù.
f. ҪᏠᳯࠄ৘ഄএᮙ㸠DŽ
Tā xīwàng dào gè dì qù lǚxíng.
g. гᏠᳯ໮䎳Ё೑ҎᴹᕔDŽ
гᏠᳯ໮䎳Ё೟Ҏ՚ᕔDŽ
Yě xīwàng duō gēn Zhōngguó rén láiwǎng.

4 a. ϟ䇒ҹৢ៥ϡ㒭Դᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
ϟ䂆ҹᕠ៥ϡ㌺Դᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Xià kè yǐhòu wǒ bù gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà.
b. ៥ϡ᳓Դᡞк䖬㒭೒к佚DŽ
៥ϡ᳓Դᡞ᳌䙘㌺೪᳌仼DŽ
Wǒ bù tì nǐ bǎ shū huán gěi túshūguǎn.

260
Answer key

c. ៥ϡ䎳㗕Ꮬ䇈Դ⮙њDŽ
៥ϡ䎳㗕᏿䁾Դ⮙њDŽ
Wǒ bù gēn lǎoshī shuō nǐ bìng le.
d. ៥ϡ೼令ख़ㄝԴDŽ
៥ϡ೼令ᓇㄝԴDŽ
Wǒ bù zài cāntīng děng nǐ.
e. ៥ϡᡞ៥ⱘкᣓ䍄DŽ
៥ϡᡞ៥ⱘ᳌ᣓ䍄DŽ
Wǒ bù bǎ wǒ de shū názǒu.
f. ៥ϡ㒭Դф䔺⼼DŽ
៥ϡ㌺Դ䊋䒞⼼DŽ
Wǒ bù gěi nǐ mǎi chē piào.

15 Adverbs
1 a. г yě b. 䖬/䙘 hái c. া zhǐ [ህ jiù] d. 䛑 dōu e. г yě f. া zhǐ g. া zhǐ
h. ህ jiù i. ᠡ cái j. 䛑 dōu
2 ᇣᴢ Xiǎo Lǐ’s responses:
a. ៥ᄺ㣅᭛ˈгᄺ᮹᭛DŽ
៥ᅌ㣅᭛ˈгᅌ᮹᭛DŽ
Wǒ xué Yīngwén, yě xué Rìwén.
b. ៥া>ህ@>ᠡ@क݁ቕDŽ
៥া>ህ@>ᠡ@क݁ⅆDŽ
Wǒ zhǐ [jiù] [cái] shíliù suì.
c. 䖬≵᳝DŽ៥䖬≵ߎ䖛೑DŽ
䙘≦᳝DŽ៥䙘≦ߎ䘢೟DŽ
Hái méi yǒu. Wǒ hái méi chūguo guó.
d. ᛇDŽ៥↩Ϯњҹৢᠡ᳝ᴎӮߎ೑DŽ
ᛇDŽ៥⬶ὁњҹᕠᠡ᳝″᳗ߎ೟DŽ
Xiǎng. Wǒ bìyè le yǐhòu cái yǒu jīhuì chū guó.
e. ៥ᛇএ㣅೑ˈгᛇএ㕢೑DŽ
៥ᛇএ㣅೟ˈгᛇএ㕢೟DŽ
Wǒ xiǎng qù Yīngguó, yě xiǎng qù Měiguó.
f. ៥এњ㣅೑ˈ㕢೑ҹৢህᛇএ᮹ᴀDŽ
៥এњ㣅೟ˈ㕢೟ҹᕠህᛇএ᮹ᴀDŽ
Wǒ qù le Yīngguó, Měiguó yǐhòu jiù xiǎng qù Rìběn.
The interviewer’s questions:
a. ԴᄺાϾ໪䇁˛ ԴᄺҔМ໪䇁˛
Դᅌા‫ן‬໪䁲˛ Դᅌ⫮咑໪䁲˛
Nǐ xué nǎge wàiyǔ? (Nǐ xué shénme wàiyǔ?)

261
ANSWER KEY

b. Դ໮໻ᑈ㑾˛
Դ໮໻ᑈ㋔˛
Nǐ duō dà niánjì?
c. Դএ䖛໪೑৫˛ Դߎ䖛೑≵᳝˛
Դএ䘢໪೟஢˛ Դߎ䘢೟≦᳝˛
Nǐ qùguo wàiguó ma? (Nǐ chūguo guó méiyou?)
d. Դᛇߎ೑৫˛
Դᛇߎ೟஢˛
Nǐ xiǎng chū guó ma?
e. Դᛇএા‫>ܓ‬ા䞠@˛ Դᛇࠄા‫ܓ‬এ˛
Դᛇএા‫>ܦ‬ા㺣@˛ Դᛇࠄા‫ܦ‬এ˛
Nǐ xiǎng qù nǎr [nǎli]? (Nǐ xiǎng dào nǎr qù?)
f. Դгᛇএ᮹ᴀ৫˛
Դгᛇএ᮹ᴀ஢˛
Nǐ yě xiǎng qù Rìběn ma?

3 A: ᯼໽߮ᓔᄺˈᯢ໽Ё᭛䇒ህ᳝ᇣ㗗ˈ
ⳳ䅽ҎফϡњDŽ
᯼໽࠯䭟ᅌˈᯢ໽Ё᭛䂆ህ᳝ᇣ㗗ˈⳳ䅧ҎফϡњDŽ
Zuótiān gāng kāi xué, míngtiān Zhōngwén kè jiù yǒu xiǎokǎo, zhēn ràng
rén shòubùliǎo.
B: ߮ᓔᄺԴህফϡњњˈԴ䖬ᄺϡᄺњ˛
࠯䭟ᅌԴህফϡњњˈԴ䙘ᅌϡᅌњ˛
Gāng kāi xué nǐ jiù shòubùliǎo le, nǐ hái xué bù xué le?
A: 䖬㽕ᄺˈ៥াᢅᗼϔϟ㗠ᏆDŽ
䙘㽕ᅌˈ៥াᢅᗼϔϟ㗠ᏆDŽ
Hái yào xué, wǒ zhǐ bàoyuàn yīxià éryǐ.
B: ᢅᗼ᳝ҔМ⫼ˈা㛑䅽Դ㞾Ꮕϡ催݈DŽ
ᢅᗼ᳝⫮咐⫼ˈা㛑䅧Դ㞾Ꮕϡ催㟜DŽ
Bàoyuàn yǒu shénme yòng, zhǐ néng ràng nǐ zìjǐ bù gāoxìng.
A: ԴгᐌᐌᢅᗼਔDŽ
Nǐ yě chángcháng bàoyuàn ya.
B: ៥াᢅᗼԴᢅᗼᕫ໾໮DŽ
Wǒ zhǐ bàoyuàn nǐ bàoyuàn de tài dūo.

16 Conjunctions
1 a. ੠ hé/䎳 gēn b. 䖬ᰃ/䙘ᰃ háishi c. ៪㗙 huòzhě d. 䖬ᰃ/䙘ᰃ háishi
e. ੠ hé/䎳 gēn f. ੠ hé/䎳 gēn g. ੠ hé/䎳 gēn h. ៪㗙 huòzhě

2 ᇣᴢ˖៥ϡⶹ䘧䗝Ё᭛䇒ད䖬ᰃ䗝Ё೑ग़৆䇒དDŽ
៥ϡⶹ䘧䙌Ё᭛䂆ད䙘ᰃ䙌Ё೟⅋৆䂆དDŽ
Wǒ bù zhīdào xuǎn Zhōngwén kè hǎo háishi xuǎn Zhōngguó lìshǐ kè
hǎo.

262
Answer key

ᇣ⥟˖Ё᭛䇒੠Ё೑ग़৆䇒Դ᳈୰⃶ાϾ˛
Ё᭛䂆੠Ё೟⅋৆䂆Դ᳈୰ℵા‫˛ן‬
Zhōngwén kè hé Zhōngguó lìshǐ kè nǐ gèng xǐhuān nǎ ge?
ᇣᴢ˖Ё᭛䇒੠Ё೑ग़৆䇒៥䛑୰⃶DŽ
Ё᭛䂆੠Ё೟⅋৆䂆៥䛑୰ℵDŽ
Zhōngwén kè hé Zhōngguó lìshǐ kè wǒ dōu xǐhuān.
ᇣ⥟˖䙷Դህ䗝Ё᭛䇒੠Ё೑ग़৆䇒DŽ
䙷Դህ䙌Ё᭛䂆੠Ё೟⅋৆䂆DŽ
Nà nǐ jiù xuǎn Zhōngwén kè hé Zhōngguó lìshǐ kè.
ᇣᴢ˖៥≵᳝䙷М໮ᯊ䯈DŽ
៥≦᳝䙷咐໮ᰖ䭧DŽ
Wǒ méi yǒu nàme duō shíjiān.
ᇣ⥟˖䙷Դህ䗝Ё᭛䇒៪㗙Ё೑ग़৆䇒DŽ
䙷Դህ䙌Ё᭛䂆៪㗙Ё೟⅋৆䂆DŽ
Nà nǐ jiù xuǎn Zhōngwén kè huòzhě Zhōngguó lìshǐ kè.
ᇣᴢ˖Դгϡⶹ䘧៥ᑨ䆹䗝Ё᭛䇒䖬ᰃ䗝Ё೑ग़৆䇒DŽ
Դгϡⶹ䘧៥ឝ䁆䙌Ё᭛䂆䙘ᰃ䙌Ё೟⅋৆䂆DŽ
Nǐ yě bù zhīdào wǒ yīnggāi xuǎn Zhōngwén kè háishi Zhōngguó lìshǐ kè.
ᇣ⥟˖៥ᔧ✊ϡⶹ䘧ˈ಴Ў䎳៥≵݇㋏DŽ
៥⭊✊ϡⶹ䘧ˈ಴⚎䎳៥≦䮰֖DŽ
Wǒ dāngrán bù zhīdào, yīnwèi gēn wǒ méi guānxi.
ᇣᴢ˖໮䇶ʽ
໮䃱ʽ
Duō xiè!

17 Aspect
1 a. ᇣᴢ᯼໽ⳟњϸᴀкDŽ
ᇣᴢ᯼໽ⳟњܽᴀ᳌DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zuótiān kànle liǎng běn shū.
b. ᇣᴢ᯼໽੠᳟টୱ੪ଵњDŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zuótiān hé péngyou hē kāfēi le.
c. ᇣᴢ᯼໽ⳟ⬉㾚ⳟњϔϾ䩳༈DŽ
ᇣᴢ᯼໽ⳟ䳏㽪ⳟњϔ‫ן‬䧬丁DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zuótiān kàn diànshì kànle yī ge zhōngtou.
ᇣᴢ᯼໽ⳟњϔϾ䩳༈ⱘ⬉㾚DŽ
ᇣᴢ᯼໽ⳟњϔ‫ן‬䧬丁ⱘ䳏㽪DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zuótiān kàn le yī ge zhōngtou de diànshì.
d. ᇣᴢ᯼໽੠ৠሟএфϰ㽓њDŽ
ᇣᴢ᯼໽੠ৠሟএ䊋ᵅ㽓њDŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zuótiān hé tóngwū qù mǎi dōngxi le.
e. ᇣᴢ᯼໽фњϔঠᕜ䌉ⱘ䖤ࡼ䵟DŽ
ᇣᴢ᯼໽䊋њϔ䲭ᕜ䊈ⱘ䘟ࢩ䵟DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zuótiān mǎile yī shuāng hěn guì de yùndòng xié.
263
ANSWER KEY

2 a. ᄺ᷵≵ᓔᄺDŽ
ᅌ᷵≦䭟ᅌDŽ
Xuéxiào méi kāi xué.
School has not started.
b. ៥≵ф䇒ᴀDŽ
៥≦䊋䂆ᴀDŽ
Wǒ méi mǎi kèběn.
I did not buy textbooks.
c. ៥≵фЁ᭛кDŽ
៥≦䊋Ё᭛᳌DŽ
Wǒ méi mǎi Zhōngwén shū.
I didn’t buy Chinese books.
d. ៥≵‫ࡳخ‬䇒DŽ
៥≦‫ࡳخ‬䂆DŽ
Wǒ méi zuò gōngkè.
I didn’t do my homework.
e. ៥ⱘৠሟⱑ໽ϡⴵ㾝DŽ
៥ⱘৠሟⱑ໽ϡⴵ㾝DŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū báitiān bù shuì jiào.
My roommate doesn’t sleep during the day.
f. ៥≵ᄺ䖛Ё᭛DŽ
៥≦ᅌ䘢Ё᭛DŽ
Wǒ méi xuéguo Zhōngwén.
I have not studied Chinese before.
g. ៥≵೼Ё೑ᄺ䖛Ё᭛DŽ
៥≦೼Ё೟ᅌ䘢Ё᭛DŽ
Wǒ méi zài Zhōngguó xuéguo Zhōngwén.
I haven’t studied Chinese in China.
h. ៥ྍྍϡᄺЁ᭛DŽ
៥ྍྍϡᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Wǒ mèimei bù xué Zhōngwén.
My younger sister does not study Chinese.
i. ៥≵䎳᳟টএфϰ㽓DŽ
៥≦䎳᳟টএ䊋ᵅ㽓DŽ
Wǒ méi gēn péngyou qù mǎi dōngxi.
I did not go shopping with my friends.

3 a. Դ䖭Ͼ᯳ᳳⳟ⬉ᕅњ>৫/≵᳝@˛
Դ䗭‫ן‬᯳ᳳⳟ䳏ᕅњ>஢/≦᳝@˛
Nǐ zhège xīngqī kàn diànyǐng le [ma/méi yǒu]?
b. Դ᯳ᳳѨᰮϞ੠⠌⠌ཛྷཛྷৗᰮ佁њ>৫/≵᳝@˛
Դ᯳ᳳѨᰮϞ੠⠌⠌႑႑ৗᰮ仃њ>஢/≦᳝@˛
Nǐ xīngqīwǔ wǎnshang hé bàba māma chī wǎnfàn le [ma/méi yǒu]?

264
Answer key

c. Դএњ䙷Ͼᮄⱘ੪ଵ佚>৫/≵᳝@˛
Դএњ䙷‫ן‬ᮄⱘ੪ଵ仼>஢/≦᳝@˛
Nǐ qùle nàge xīn de kāfēiguǎn [ma/méi yǒu]?
d. Դфᮄ໪༫њ>৫/≵᳝@˛
Դ䊋њᮄ໪༫њ>஢/≦᳝@˛
Nǐ mǎi xīn wàitào le [ma/méi yǒu]?
e. Դⳟᅠњ䙷ᴀग़৆к>৫/≵᳝@˛
Դⳟᅠњ䙷ᴀ⅋৆᳌>஢/≦᳝@˛
Nǐ kànwánle nà běn lìshǐ shū [ma/méi yǒu]?

4 a. ᇣᴢ೼‫ࡳخ‬䇒ਸ਼DŽ
ᇣᴢ೼‫ࡳخ‬䂆ਸ਼DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zài zuò gōngkè ne.
b. ᇣᴢ೼こ㸷᳡ਸ਼DŽ
ᇣᴢ೼こ㸷᳡ਸ਼DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zài chuān yīfú ne.
c. ᇣᴢ ℷ ೼ᬊᣒሟᄤਸ਼DŽ
ᇣᴢ ℷ ೼ᬊᣒሟᄤਸ਼DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ (zhèng) zài shōushi wūzi ne.
d. ᇣᴢ೼ᓔ ⴔ 䔺ਸ਼DŽ
ᇣᴢ೼䭟 㨫 䒞ਸ਼DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zài kāi(zhe) chē ne.
e. ᇣᴢ೼ৗ ⴔ 佁ਸ਼DŽ
ᇣᴢ೼ৗ 㨫 仃ਸ਼DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zài chī(zhe) fàn ne.

5 a. њ le
b. њ le
c. ⴔ/㨫 zhe
d. ೼ zài
e. њ le
f. њ le
g. њ le
h. њ le
i. њ le
j. њ le
k. њ le
l. ⴔ/㨫 zhe
6 Sample answer:
Tommy ≵ⱏ䖛䭓ජDŽҪг≵এ䖛೚ᯢುDŽ低ᄤҪৗ䖛ᕜ໮⃵ˈৃᰃҪ≵ৗ䖛࣫Ҁ
⚸吁DŽҪ≵ⳟ䖛Ҁ࠻ˈৃᰃҪ䇈Ҫ≵᳝݈䍷ⳟDŽҪ䗯䖛㚵ৠˈৃᰃҪ䇈Ҫ䖬ᛇ‫ݡ‬এ
ϔ⃵DŽ

265
ANSWER KEY

Tommy ≦ⱏ䘢䭋ජDŽҪг≦এ䘢೧ᯢ೦DŽ仗ᄤҪৗ䘢ᕜ໮⃵ˈৃᰃҪ≦ৗ䘢࣫Ҁ
⚸勼DŽҪ≦ⳟ䘢Ҁ࡛ˈৃᰃҪ䁾Ҫ≦᳝㟜䍷ⳟDŽҪ䗯䘢㚵ৠˈৃᰃҪ䁾Ҫ䙘ᛇ‫ݡ‬এ
ϔ⃵DŽ
Tommy méi dēngguo Chángchéng. Tā yě méi qùguo Yuánmíngyuán. Jiǎozi
tā chīguo hěn duō cì, kěshì tā méi chīguo Běijīng Kǎoyā. Tā méi kànguo
Jīngjù, kěshì tā shuō ta méi yǒu xìngqù kàn. Tā guàngguo hútòng, kěshì tā
shuō tā hái xiǎng zài qù yī cì.

7 Sample answer:
ᇍϡ䍋ˈ⥟‫⫳ܜ‬ℷ೼ᓔӮˈϡ㛑᥹⬉䆱DŽҪᓔᅠӮህ㒭Դᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
ᇡϡ䍋ˈ⥟‫⫳ܜ‬ℷ೼䭟᳗ˈϡ㛑᥹䳏䁅DŽҪ䭟ᅠ᳗ህ㌺Դᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Duìbuqǐ, Wáng xiānsheng zhèngzài kāi huì, bù néng jiē diànhuà.
Tā kāiwán huì jiù gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà.

8 Sample answer:
៥ᆊ䮼ϞᣖⴔϔϾ㢅೜ˈ䮼ষᬒⴔϔⲚ㢅DŽ
៥ᆊ䭔Ϟ᥯㨫ϔ‫ן‬㢅೜ˈ䭔ষᬒ㨫ϔⲚ㢅DŽ
Wǒ jiā mén shàng guàzhe yī ge huāquān, ménkǒu fàngzhe yī pén huā.
9 Sample answer:
ϡདᛣᗱ៥Ҟ໽ᰮϞϡএњDŽ៥㌃⅏њˈҞ໽‫ݭ‬њѨ义∝ᄫˈ⋫њᕜ໮⹫ˈ䖬ᭈ⧚
њϝϾкᶊDŽ
ϡདᛣᗱ៥Ҟ໽ᰮϞϡএњDŽ៥㌃⅏њˈҞ໽ᆿњѨ䷕⓶ᄫˈ⋫њᕜ໮⹫ˈ䙘ᭈ⧚
њϝ‫ן‬᳌ᶊDŽ
Bùhǎoyìsi, wǒ jīntiān wǎnshang bù qù le. Wǒ lèisǐle. Jīntiān xiěle wǔ gè
Hànzì, xǐle hěn duō wǎn, hái zhěnglǐ le sān gè shūjià.

18 Resultative verbs
1 a. ៥਀ពњDŽ/ ៥㙑ពњDŽWǒ tīngdǒng le.
b. ࡳ䇒‫خ‬ᅠњDŽ/ ࡳ䂆‫خ‬ᅠњDŽGōngkè zuòwán le.
c. 䙷ᴀк៥ᡒࠄ / ⴔњDŽ/ 䙷ᴀ᳌៥ᡒࠄ / 㨫њDŽ
Nà běn shū wǒ zhǎodào/zháo le.
d. 䙷ᴀк៥䖬≵᳝ⳟᅠDŽ/ 䙷ᴀ᳌៥䙘≦᳝ⳟᅠDŽNà běn shū wǒ hái méi kànwán.
e. ⦄೼៥㛑ⳟពЁ೑⬉ᕅњDŽ/ ⧒೼៥㛑ⳟពЁ೟䳏ᕅњDŽ
Xiànzài wǒ néng kànding Zhōngguó diànyǐng le.
f. ៥ⱘ᠟ᴎ೼䏃Ϟ϶ᥝњDŽⳳ咏⚺DŽ/ ៥ⱘ᠟″೼䏃ϞϳᥝњDŽⳳ咏✽DŽ
Wǒ de shǒujī zài lùshang diūdiào le. Zhēn máfan.
g. 佁‫خ‬དњˈৃҹৗњDŽ/ 仃‫خ‬དњˈৃҹৗњDŽFàn zuòhǎo le, kěyǐ chī le.
h. Ҫ↣Ͼᄫ䛑‫ݭ‬䫭њDŽ/ Ҫ↣‫ן‬ᄫ䛑ᆿ䤃њDŽTā měi gè zì dōu xiěcuò le.
2 a. ៥䆄ϡԣҪⱘৡᄫDŽ/ ៥㿬ϡԣҪⱘৡᄫDŽ
Wǒ jìbuzhù tā de míngzi.

266
Answer key

b. ៥ӀᏆ㒣‫خ‬ᅠњҞ໽ⱘࡳ䇒DŽ៥‫ץ‬Ꮖ㍧‫خ‬ᅠњҞ໽ⱘࡳ䂆DŽ
Wǒmen yǐjing zuòwánle jīntiān de gōngkè.
c. Ҟ໽ⱘࡳ䇒ˈԴϔϾ䩳༈‫خ‬ᕫᅠ‫خ‬ϡᅠ˛
Ҟ໽ⱘࡳ䂆ˈԴϔ‫ן‬䧬丁‫خ‬ᕫᅠ‫خ‬ϡᅠ˛
Jīntiān de gōngkè, nǐ yī ge zhōngtou zuòde wán zuò bù wán?
d. ϔϾ䩳༈‫خ‬ϡᅠDŽϔ‫ן‬䧬丁‫خ‬ϡᅠDŽYīge zhōngtou zuòbuwán.
e. ៥ᠧϡᓔに᠋DŽԴᠧᕫᓔ৫˛
៥ᠧϡ䭟に᠊DŽԴᠧᕫ䭟஢˛
Wǒ dǎbukāi chuānghu. Nǐ dǎdekāi ma?
f. ៥䖬≵⋫ᅠ㸷᳡DŽ ៥䖬≵ᡞ㸷᳡⋫ᅠDŽ
៥䙘≦⋫ᅠ㸷᳡DŽ ៥䙘≦ᡞ㸷᳡⋫ᅠDŽ
Wǒ hái méi xǐwán yīfu. (Wǒ hái méi bǎ yīfu xǐwán.)
g. 䖭ӊ㹀㸿ᕜ㛣DŽԴᛇԴ⋫ᕫᑆ‫ޔ‬৫˛
䗭ӊ㽃㸿ᕜ傦DŽԴᛇԴ⋫ᕫђ⎼஢˛
Zhè jiàn chènshān hěn zāng. Nǐ xiǎng nǐ xǐde gānjìng ma?
h. Դ߮䇈ⱘ䆱៥≵᳝਀⏙ἮDŽ
Դ࠯䁾ⱘ䁅៥≦᳝㙑⏙ἮDŽ
Nǐ gāng shuō de huà wǒ méi yǒu tīng qīngchu.
i. ៥਀ϡព㗕Ꮬ䇈ⱘ䆱DŽ
៥㙑ϡព㗕᏿䁾ⱘ䁅DŽ
Wǒ tīngbuding lǎoshī shuō de huà.
j. Դфᕫ䍋фϡ䍋亲ᴎ⼼˛
Դ䊋ᕫ䍋䊋ϡ䍋亯″⼼˛
Nǐ mǎideqǐ mǎibuqǐ fēijīpiào?
3 a. Դᴹᕫঞᴹϡঞ˛/ Դ՚ᕫঞ՚ϡঞ˛Nǐ láidejí láibují?
b. 䖭ѯкԴᣓᕫࡼᣓϡࡼ˛/ 䗭ѯ᳌Դᣓᕫࢩᣓϡࢩ˛Zhè xiē shū nǐ nádedòng
nábudòng?
c. ԴᡒࠄњᎹ԰≵᳝˛/ ԴᡒࠄњᎹ԰≦᳝˛Nǐ zhǎodào le gōngzuò méi yǒu?
d. Դⳟᕫ㾕ⳟϡ㾕˛/ Դⳟᕫ㽟ⳟϡ㽟˛Nǐ kàndejiàn kànbujiàn?
4 a. ᡒϡࠄ zhǎobudào
b. ৗᅠ chīwán
c. ৗᅠ chīwán
d. фϡࠄ/䊋ϡࠄ mǎibùdào; पᅠ/䊷ᅠ màiwán
5 a. Ӯ/᳗ huì
b. ᅠ wán
c. 佅/仑 bǎo
d. ԣ zhù
e. ᥝ diào
f. ࠄ dào
6 a. Ҫৗϡњϰ㽓DŽ/ Ҫৗϡњᵅ㽓DŽTā chībuliǎo dōngxi.
b. Ҫ↣໽㽕‫ⱘخ‬џᚙ䛑䆄ϡԣDŽҪ↣໽㽕‫ⱘخ‬џᚙ䛑㿬ϡԣDŽ
Tā měitiān yào zuò de shìqing dōu jìbuzhù.
267
ANSWER KEY

c. Ҫⳟϡ⏙ἮDŽҪⳟϡ⏙ἮDŽTā kànbùqīngchu.
d. Ҫᡒϡࠄ᠟ᴎDŽҪᡒϡࠄ᠟″DŽTā zhǎobudào shǒujī.
e. ߿Ҏ䇈ⱘ䆱Ҫ਀ϡពDŽ߹Ҏ䁾ⱘ䁅Ҫ㙑ϡពDŽBiéren shuō de huà tā
tīngbudǒng.
7 a. ៥ᡒࠄ䵟ᄤህᴹDŽ៥ᡒࠄ䵟ᄤህ՚DŽWǒ zhǎodào xiézi jiù lái.
b. ៥⋫њ╵ህᴹDŽ៥⋫њ╵ህ՚DŽWǒ xǐ le zǎo jiù lái.
c. ៥фࠄкህᴹDŽ៥䊋ࠄ᳌ህ՚DŽWǒ mǎidàoshū jiù lái.
d. ៥ᠨᥝ㸷᳡ህᴹDŽ៥ᠨᥝ㸷᳡ህ՚DŽWǒ rēngdiào yīfu jiù lái.
e. ៥ᡞ䯍䩳ׂདህᴹDŽ៥ᡞ僻䧬ׂདህ՚DŽWǒ bǎ nàozhōng xiūhǎo jiù lái.

19 Directional verbs

1 a. Stand up キ 䍋ᴹ/ キ 䍋՚ (zhàn) qǐlái

b. Go in 䖯এ/䘆এ jìnqù
c. Come out ߎᴹ/ߎ՚ chūlái
d. Lie down 䒎ϟ tǎngxià
e. Lie down on your stomach 䎈ϟ pāxià
f. Jump over (jump past) it 䏇䖛এ/䏇䘢এ tiào guòqù
g. Come here (come towards me) 䖛ᴹ/䘢՚ guòlái
2 a. Don’t lie down! ϡৃҹ ߿ 䒎ϟ bù kěyǐ (bié) tǎngxià
b. Don’t run out! ϡৃҹ ߿ 䎥ߎএ bù kěyǐ (bié) pǎo chūqù
c. Don’t climb up! ϡৃҹ ߿ ⠀Ϟএ bù kěyǐ (bié) pá shàngqù
d. Don’t jump down! ϡৃҹ ߿ 䏇ϟᴹ/ϡৃҹ ߹ 䏇ϟ՚ bù kěyǐ (bié) tiào
xiàlái
3 a. 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái
b. 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái
c. ϟএ xiàqù
d. ϟএ xiàqù
e. 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái; 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái
f. 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái
4 a. 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái
b. ߎᴹ/ߎ՚chūlái
c. ϟএ xiàqù
d. 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái
e. 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái
f. 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚qǐlái
g. Ϟএ shàngqù
h. ϟএ xiàqù
i. ߎᴹ/ߎ՚chūlái
j. /ϟ՚xiàlái, 䍋ᴹ/䍋՚ qǐlái
ϟᴹ

268
Answer key

5 a. ៥䎥ಲᄺ᷵ᴹDŽ
៥䎥ಲᅌ᷵՚DŽ
Wǒ pǎohuí xuéxiào lái.
I will run back to school.
b. ៥䎥ಲᆊᴹDŽ
៥䎥ಲᆊ՚DŽ
Wǒ pǎohuí jiā lái.
I will run back home.
c. ៥䎥ϟὐᴹDŽ
៥䎥ϟῧ՚DŽ
Wǒ pǎo xià lóu lái.
I will run downstairs.
d. ៥䎥ϞቅᴹDŽ
៥䎥Ϟቅ՚DŽ
Wǒ pǎoshàng shān lái.
I will run up the hill.
e. ៥䎥ߎ೒к佚ᴹDŽ
៥䎥ߎ೪᳌仼՚DŽ
Wǒ pǎochū túshūguǎn lái.
I will run out of the library.
f. ៥䎥ಲᆓ㟡ᴹDŽ
៥䎥ಲᆓ㟡՚DŽ
Wǒ pǎohuí sùshè lái.
I will run back to the dorm.
g. ៥䎥䖯ᬭᅸᴹDŽ
៥䎥䘆ᬭᅸ՚DŽ
Wǒ pǎojìn jiàoshì lái.
I will run into the classroom.
h. ៥䎥䖛偀䏃ᴹDŽ
៥䎥䘢侀䏃՚DŽ
Wǒ pǎoguò mǎlù lái.
I will run across the street.

20 ᡞ bǎ sentences
1 a. ᇣ⥟ᡞк䖬㒭೒к佚њDŽ
ᇣ⥟ᡞ᳌䙘㌺೪᳌仼њDŽ
Xiǎo Wàng bǎ shū huán gěi túshūguǎn le.
Xiao Wang returned the book to the library.
b. ໻ӳᡞ䔺ᓔಲᆊњDŽ
໻‫؝‬ᡞ䒞䭟ಲᆊњDŽ
Dà Wěi bǎ chē kāi huí jiā le.
David drove the car home.
269
ANSWER KEY

c. ᇣᴢᡞ㸷᳡⋫ᑆ‫ޔ‬њDŽ
ᇣᴢᡞ㸷᳡⋫ђ⎼њDŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ bǎ yīfu xǐ gānjing le.
Xiao Li washed the clothes clean.
d. 㗕Ꮬᡞに᠋ᓔᓔњDŽ
㗕᏿ᡞに᠊䭟䭟њDŽ
Lǎoshī bǎ chuānghu kāikāi le.
The teacher opened the window.
e. ៥ᡞ䇒ᴀфࠄњDŽ
៥ᡞ䂆ᴀ䊋ࠄњ
Wǒ bǎ kèběn mǎidào le.
I was successful in buying the textbook.
f. ᓳᓳᡞࡳ䇒‫خ‬ᅠњDŽ
ᓳᓳᡞࡳ䂆‫خ‬ᅠњDŽ
Dìdi bǎ gōngkè zuòwán le.
Younger brother finished doing his homework.
g. ᓴᯢᡞ៥ⱘ⬉㛥⫼ണњDŽ
ᔉᯢᡞ៥ⱘ䳏㜺⫼າњDŽ
Zhāng Míng bǎ wǒ de diànnǎo yòng huài le.
Zhang Ming used my computer until it was broken.
h. ҪᡞҪⱘ≑䔺पњDŽ
ҪᡞҪⱘ≑䒞䊷њDŽ
Ta bǎ tā de qìchē mài le.
He sold his car.
2 a. ᇣ⥟≵ᡞк䖬㒭೒к佚DŽ
ᇣ⥟≦ᡞ᳌䙘㌺೪᳌仼DŽ
Xiǎo Wàng méi bǎ shū huán gěi túshūguǎn.
Xiao Wang did not return the book to the library.
b. ໻ӳ≵ᡞ䔺ᓔಲᆊDŽ
໻‫≦؝‬ᡞ䒞䭟ಲᆊDŽ
Dà Wěi méi bǎ chē kāi huí jiā.
David did not drive the car home.
c. ᇣᴢ≵ᡞ㸷᳡⋫ᑆ‫ޔ‬DŽ
ᇣᴢ≦ᡞ㸷᳡⋫ђ⎼DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ méi bǎ yīfu xǐ gānjing.
Xiao Li did not wash the clothes clean.
d. 㗕Ꮬ≵ᡞに᠋ᓔᓔDŽ
㗕᏿≦ᡞに᠊䭟䭟DŽ
Lǎoshī méi bǎ chuānghu kāikāi.
The teacher did not open the window.
e. ៥≵ᡞ䇒ᴀфࠄDŽ
៥≦ᡞ䂆ᴀ䊋ࠄDŽ
Wǒ méi bǎ kèběn mǎidào.
I was not successful in buying the textbook.
270
Answer key

f. ᓳᓳ≵ᡞࡳ䇒‫خ‬ᅠњDŽ
ᓳᓳ≦ᡞࡳ䂆‫خ‬ᅠњDŽ
Dìdi méi bǎ gōngkè zuòwán.
Younger brother did not finish doing his homework.
g. ᓴᯢ≵ᡞ៥ⱘ⬉㛥⫼ണDŽ
ᔉᯢ≦ᡞ៥ⱘ䳏㜺⫼າDŽ
Zhāng Míng méi bǎ wǒ de diànnǎo yòng huài le.
Zhang Ming did not break my computer while using it.
h. Ҫ≵ᡞҪⱘ≑䔺पњDŽ
Ҫ≦ᡞҪⱘ≑䒞䊷њDŽ
Ta méi bǎ tā de qìchē mài le.
He did not sell his car.
3 a. Ҫᡞ៥ⱘк‫׳‬䍄њDŽ
Ҫᡞ៥ⱘ᳌‫׳‬䍄њDŽ
Tā bǎ wǒ de shū jièzǒu le.
He borrowed (away) my book.
b. Ҫᡞ低ᄤৗᅠњDŽ
Ҫᡞ仗ᄤৗᅠњDŽ
Tā bǎ jiǎozi, chīwán le.
He ate all the dumplings.
c. ៥ᡞ᠟ᴎᖬ೼ᬭᅸњDŽ
៥ᡞ᠟″ᖬ೼ᬭᅸњDŽ
Wǒ bǎ shǒujī wàngzài jiāoshì le.
I forgot my cell phone in the classroom.
d. ៥ᡞ⬉㛥ᏺᴹњDŽ
៥ᡞ䳏㜺ᐊ՚њDŽ
Wǒ bǎ diànnǎo dàilái le.
I brought the computer over.
e. ᄺ⫳Ӏᡞ⬉ᕅⳟᅠњDŽ
ᅌ⫳‫ץ‬ᡞ䳏ᕅⳟᅠњDŽ
Xuéshēngmen bǎ diànyǐng kànwán le.
The students finished watching the movie.
f. ៥ⱘৠሟᡞᆓ㟡ᭈ⧚དњDŽ
៥ⱘৠሟᡞᆓ㟡ᭈ⧚དњDŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū bǎ sùshè zhěnglǐhǎo le.
My roommate tidied up our dorm.
g. ཛྷཛྷᡞ៥ⱘ㸷᳡㒭⋫ᑆ‫ޔ‬њDŽ
႑႑ᡞ៥ⱘ㸷᳡㌺⋫ђ⎼њDŽ
Māma bǎ wǒde yīfú gěi xǐgānjìng le.
My mom washed my clothes clean.
h. ៥ᡞԴⱘộᄤ㒭ᨀࠄ䮼໪䖍এњDŽ
៥ᡞԴⱘộᄤ㌺ᨀࠄ䭔໪䙞এњDŽ
Wǒ bǎ nǐde yǐzi gěi bāndào mén wàibiān qù le.
I moved your chair outside of the door.
271
ANSWER KEY

4 a. ϡৃҹᡞ䖭䞠ⱘкᣓ䍄DŽ
ϡৃҹᡞ䗭㺵ⱘ᳌ᣓ䍄DŽ
Bù kěyǐ bǎ zhèlǐ de shū ná zǒu.
You can’t take the books from here away.
b. ҪӀ䛑ᡞ໪༫こདњDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬䛑ᡞ໪༫こདњDŽ
Tāmen dōu bǎ wàitào chuān hǎo le.
They all put on their coats.
c. ៥ᡞ᠔᳝ⱘࡳ䇒䛑‫ݭ‬དњDŽ
៥ᡞ᠔᳝ⱘࡳ䂆䛑ᆿདњDŽ
Wǒ bǎ suǒyǒu de gōngkè dōu xiě hǎo le.
I finish all the homework.
d. ϡ㽕ᡞ∈ᵰৗ‫ܝ‬DŽ
Bù yào bǎ shuǐgui chī guāng.
Don’t eat all the fruit.
e. ᯢ໽ᕫᡞ䲼ӲᏺⴔDŽ
ᯢ໽ᕫᡞ䲼٬ᐊ㨫DŽ
Míngtiān děi bǎ yǔsǎn dàizhe.
Tomorrow (you) have to bring an umbrella.
5 ᡞᑞऩ⋫ϔ⋫ˈᡞൗഒ϶ᥝᣓߎএDŽᡞ‫ހ‬໽ⱘ㸷᳡ᬊ䍋ᴹˈᡞ䵟ᄤ䛑ᬒಲ䵟ᶰএˈ
乎֓ᡞ䵟ᶰᭈ⧚ᭈ⧚ᭈ⧚ϔϟDŽ‫ݡ‬ᡞᰮ令ⱘᴤ᭭‫ޚ‬໛དDŽᇍњˈབᵰԴ᳝ᯊ䯈ˈ
ৃҹᐂ៥ᡞ㺭ᄤᬍⷁϔ⚍৫˛៥ᡞ㺭ᄤᬒ೼ᑞϞњDŽԴ䍄Пࠡˈ߿ᖬњᡞ䩹࣭⬭ϟDŽ
ᡞᑞஂ⋫ϔ⋫ˈᡞൗഒϳᥝᣓߎএDŽᡞ‫ހ‬໽ⱘ㸷᳡ᬊ䍋՚ˈᡞ䵟ᄤ䛑ᬒಲ䵟ₗএˈ
䷚֓ᡞ䵟ₗᭈ⧚ᭈ⧚ᭈ⧚ϔϟDŽ‫ݡ‬ᡞᰮ令ⱘᴤ᭭⑪‫٭‬དDŽᇡњˈབᵰԴ᳝ᰖ䭧ˈ
ৃҹᐿ៥ᡞ㺭ᄤᬍⷁϔ咲஢˛៥ᡞ㺭ᄤᬒ೼ᑞϞњDŽԴ䍄Пࠡˈ߹ᖬњᡞ䩄࣭⬭ϟDŽ
Bǎ chuángdān xǐ yī xǐ, bǎ lājī diūdiào/náchūqù. Bǎ dōngtiān de yīfu shōu
qǐlái, bǎ xiézi dōu fàng huí xiéguì qù, shùnbiàn bǎ xiéguì zhěnglǐ zhěnglǐ/
zhěnglǐ yīxià. Zài bǎ wǎncān de cáiliào zhǔnbèi hǎo. Duì le, rúguǒ nǐ yǒu
shíjiān, kěyǐ bāng wǒ bǎ qúnzi gǎi duǎn yīdiǎn ma? Wǒ bǎ qúnzi fàng zài
chuángshàng le. Nǐ zǒu zhīqián, bié wàngle bǎ yàoshi liúxia.
6 a. Ҫᡞ៥᳔୰⃶ⱘ㢅⫊ᠧ⸈њDŽ
Ҫᡞ៥᳔୰ℵⱘ㢅⫊ᠧ⸈њDŽ
Tā bǎ wǒ zuì xǐhuān de huāpíng dǎpò le.
b. Ҫᡞ៥ⱘࡳ䇒ᬒ䖯⋫㸷ᴎ䞠њDŽ
Ҫᡞ៥ⱘࡳ䂆ᬒ䘆⋫㸷″㺵њDŽ
Tā bǎ wǒ de gōngkè fang jìn xǐyījī lǐ le.
c. Ҫᡞ៥ⱘ佐ᑆ䛑ৗᥝ/ৗ‫ܝ‬њDŽ
Ҫᡞ៥ⱘ仙ђ䛑ৗᥝ/ৗ‫ܝ‬њDŽ
Tā bǎ wǒ de bǐnggān dōu chīdiào/chīguāng le.

272
Answer key

21 The passive
1 a. ৄ♃㹿Ҫⱘৠሟᠧ⸈њDŽ
㟎➜㹿Ҫⱘৠሟᠧ⸈њDŽ
Táidēng bèi tā de tóngwū dǎpò le.
The desk lamp was broken by his roommate.
b. Ҫⱘ⬉㛥㹿ᇣًً䍄њDŽ
Ҫⱘ䳏㜺㹿ᇣًً䍄њDŽ
Tā de diànnǎo bèi xiǎotōu tōuzǒu le.
His computer was stolen by a thief.
c. Ҫⱘ䩹࣭䅽Ҫⱘ᳟টᓘ϶њDŽ
Ҫⱘ䩄࣭䅧Ҫⱘ᳟টᓘϳњDŽ
Tā de yàoshi ràng tā de péngyou nòngdiū le.
His keys were lost by his friend.
d. Ҫⱘϝᯢ⊏䅽Ҫⱘ⢫ৗᥝњDŽ
Ҫⱘϝᯢ⊏䅧Ҫⱘ⢫ৗᥝњDŽ
Tā de sānmíngzhì ràng tā de gǒu chīdiào le.
His sandwich was eaten by his dog.
e. ᄫ‫݌‬㹿Ҫ⫼ണњDŽ
ᄫ‫݌‬㹿Ҫ⫼າњDŽ
Zìdiǎn bèi tā yònghuài le.
His dictionary fell apart on him. ( . . . was used by him until it fell apart)
f. Ҫⱘ㞾㸠䔺䅽Ҏᆊ⺄ണњDŽ
Ҫⱘ㞾㸠䒞䅧Ҏᆊ⺄າњDŽ
Tā de zìxíngchē ràng rénjiā pènghuài le.
His bike was hit and destroyed by someone.
g. Ҫ䅽Ҫⱘᬭ㒗偖њDŽ
Ҫ䅧Ҫⱘᬭ㏈侵њDŽ
Tā ràng tā de jiàoliàn mà le.
He was scolded by his coach.
h. Ҫⱘ㸷᳡䅽⣿ᩩ⸈њDŽ
Ҫⱘ㸷᳡䅧䉧ᩩ⸈њDŽ
Tā de yīfu ràng māo sīpò le.
His clothing was torn by the cat.
2 a. Ҫⱘৠሟᡞৄ♃ᠧ⸈њDŽ
Ҫⱘৠሟᡞ㟎➜ᠧ⸈њDŽ
Tā de tóngwū bǎ táidēng dǎpò le.
His roommate broke his desk lamp.
b. ᇣًᡞҪⱘ⬉㛥ً䍄њDŽ
ᇣًᡞҪⱘ䳏㜺ً䍄њDŽ
Xiǎotōu bǎ tā de diànnǎo tōuzǒu le.
A thief stole his computer.

273
ANSWER KEY

c. Ҫⱘ᳟টᡞҪⱘ䩹࣭ᓘ϶њDŽ
Ҫⱘ᳟টᡞҪⱘ䩄࣭ᓘϳњDŽ
Tā de péng you bǎ tā de yàoshi nòngdiū le.
His friend lost his keys.
d. Ҫⱘ⢫ᡞҪⱘϝᯢ⊏ৗᥝњDŽ
Tā de gǒu bǎ tā de sānmíngzhì chīdiào le.
His dog ate his sandwich.
e. Ҫᡞᄫ‫⫼݌‬ണњDŽ
Ҫᡞᄫ‫⫼݌‬າњDŽ
Tā bǎ zìdiǎn yònghuài le.
He destroyed the dictionary through use.
f. ҎᆊᡞҪⱘ㞾㸠䔺⺄ണњDŽ
ҎᆊᡞҪⱘ㞾㸠䒞⺄າњDŽ
Rénjiā bǎ tā de zìxíngchē pènghuài le.
Someone hit and destroyed his bike.
g. Ҫⱘᬭ㒗ᡞҪ偖њDŽ
Ҫⱘᬭ㏈ᡞҪ侵њDŽ
Tā de jiàoliàn bǎ tā mà le.
His coach scolded him.
h. ⣿ᡞҪⱘ㸷᳡ᩩ⸈њDŽ
䉧ᡞҪⱘ㸷᳡ᩩ⸈њDŽ
Māo bǎ tā de yīfu sīpò le.
The cat tore his clothing.

3 a. ៥㹿㾷䲛њDŽ
Wǒ bèi jiěgù le.
b. ៥ⱘ᠓ᄤ㹿☿⚻њDŽ
៥ⱘ᠓ᄤ㹿☿➦њDŽ
Wǒ de fángzi bèi huǒ shāo le.
c. ៥ⱘに᠋㹿ᠧ⸈њDŽ
Wǒ de chuānghù bèi dǎ pò le.
d. ៥ᴹⱘᯊ‫׭‬㹿ᡶњDŽ
៥՚ⱘᰖ‫׭‬㹿ᨊњDŽ
Wǒ lái de shíhou bèi qiǎng le.

B Situations and functions

22 Names, kinship terms, titles, and terms of address

1 a. (i) 䍉‫⫳ܜ‬/䍭‫ ⫳ܜ‬Zhào xiānsheng

(ii) 䍉ᇣྤ/䍭ᇣྤ Zhào xiǎojie
(iii) 䍉໾໾/䍭໾໾ Zhào tàitai

274
Answer key

b. 㗕䍉/㗕䍭 Lǎo Zhào

c. 㽓ᵄ Xījié
d. (i) ྤྤ jiějie
(ii) હહ gēge
e. ៥ᆊ᳝݁ষҎˈ⠌⠌ˈཛྷཛྷˈહહˈྍྍˈᓳᓳ੠៥DŽ៥⠌⠌ 45 ቕDŽ
ཛྷཛྷ 43 ቕDŽહહ 20 ቕDŽྍྍ 16 ቕDŽᓳᓳ 14 ቕDŽ៥ 18 ቕDŽ
៥ᆊ᳝݁ষҎˈ⠌⠌ˈ႑႑ˈહહˈྍྍˈᓳᓳ੠៥DŽ៥⠌⠌ 45 ⅆDŽ
႑႑ 43 ⅆDŽહહ 20 ⅆDŽྍྍ 16 ⅆDŽᓳᓳ 14 ⅆDŽ៥ 18 ⅆDŽ
Wǒ jiā yǒu liù kǒu rén, bàba, māma, gēge, mèimei, dìdi hé wǒ.
Wǒ bàba 45 suì. Māma 43 suì. Gēge 20 suì. Mèimei 16 suì.
Dìdi 14 suì. Wǒ 18 suì.
f. ៥᳝ϔϾહહˈϔϾྤྤ੠ϔϾᓳᓳDŽ៥હહ 20 ቕˈҪি䍉ᯢᱎDŽ
ྤྤ 18 ቕˈཌྷি䍉㽓ᵄDŽᓳᓳ 14 ቕˈҪি䍉ᯢНDŽ
៥᳝ϔ‫ן‬હહˈϔ‫ྤྤן‬੠ϔ‫ן‬ᓳᓳDŽ៥હહ 20 ⅆˈҪি䍭ᯢᱎDŽ
ྤྤ 18 ⅆˈཌྷি䍭㽓ᵄDŽᓳᓳ 14 ⅆˈҪি䍭ᯢ㕽DŽ
Wǒ yǒu yī gè gēgē, yīgè jiějie hé yī gè dìdi. Wǒ gēgē 20 suì, tā jiào Zhào
Míngzhì. Jiějie 18 suì, tā jiào Zhào Xījié. Dìdi 14 suì, tā jiào Zhào Míng yì.
g. ៥᳝ϔϾહહˈϸϾྤྤDŽહહ 20 ቕˈҪি䍉ᯢᱎDŽ໻ྤ 18 ቕˈ
ཌྷি䍉㽓ᵄDŽѠྤ 16 ቕˈཌྷি䍉㽓⏙DŽ៥ 14 ቕˈ៥ি䍉ᯢНDŽ
៥᳝ϔ‫ן‬હહˈܽ‫ྤྤן‬DŽહહ 20 ⅆˈҪি䍭ᯢᱎDŽ໻ྤ 18 ⅆˈ
ཌྷি䍭㽓ᵄDŽѠྤ 16 ⅆˈཌྷি䍭㽓⏙DŽ៥ 14 ⅆˈ៥ি䍭ᯢ㕽DŽ
Wǒ yǒu yī gè gēgē, liǎng gè jiějie. Gēgē 20 suì, tā jiào Zhào Míngzhì.
Dàjie 18 suì, tā jiào Zhào Xījié. Èrjiě 16 suì, tā jiào Zhào Xīqīng.
Wǒ 14 suì, wǒ jiào Zhào Míng yì.
h. ননᰃ⠌⠌ⱘᓳᓳDŽ
Shūshu shì bàbà de dìdi. Male, same generation as your father.
i. ཊཊᰃ⠌⠌ⱘཛྷཛྷDŽ
Nǎinai shì bàba de māma. Female, same generation as the child’s grandmother.
j. (i) 䇋䯂ˈᙼ䌉ྦྷ˛
䂟ଣˈᙼ䊈ྦྷ˛
Qǐng wèn, nín guìxìng?
(ii) ៥ྦྷ䍉DŽ
៥ྦྷ䍭DŽ
Wǒ xìng Zhào.
(iii) ԴিҔМৡᄫ˛
Դি⫮咑ৡᄫ˛
Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì?
(iv) ៥ᑨ䆹ᗢМ⿄੐Դ˛
៥ឝ䁆ᗢ咑々੐Դ˛
Wǒ yīnggāi zěnme chēnghu nǐ?
2 a. Guo Mingzhi b. 010-65666557 ᠟ᴎ˖13196118888) c. Gold Mountain
International Garden d. 010-6566555

275
ANSWER KEY

23 Introductions
1 Դ˖ ਼߽ˈ䖭ԡᰃ⥟ᯢˈ៥ⱘৠᄺDŽҪᰃᄺ㒣⌢ⱘDŽҪӮ䇈㣅᭛DŽ⥟ᯢˈ
䖭ԡᰃ਼߽ˈгᰃᄺ⫳DŽҪᰃ៥ⱘූᓳˈᰃᄺ䇁㿔ᄺⱘDŽҪӮ䇈᮹᭛DŽ
Դ˖ ਼߽ˈ䗭ԡᰃ⥟ᯢˈ៥ⱘৠᅌDŽҪᰃᅌ㍧△ⱘDŽҪ᳗䁾㣅᭛DŽ⥟ᯢˈ
䗭ԡᰃ਼߽ˈгᰃᅌ⫳DŽҪᰃ៥ⱘූᓳˈᰃᅌ䁲㿔ᅌⱘDŽҪ᳗䁾᮹᭛DŽ
Nǐ: Zhōu Lì, zhè wèi shì Wáng Míng, wǒ de tóngxué. Tā shì xué jīngjì de. Tā
huì shuō Yīngwén. Wáng Míng, zhè wèi shì Zhōu Lì, yě shì xuésheng. Tā
shì wǒ de tángdì, shì xué yǔyánxué de. Tā huì shuō Rìwén.
⥟ Wáng: ԴདDŽNǐ hǎo.
਼ Zhōu: ԴདDŽNǐ hǎo.
2 Դ˖ ៥㒭ԴӀҟ㒡ҟ㒡DŽ䖭ԡᰃᵫᬭᥜDŽ䖭ԡᰃᓴए⫳DŽ
Դ˖ ៥㌺Դ‫ץ‬ҟ㌍ҟ㌍DŽ䗭ԡᰃᵫᬭᥜDŽ䗭ԡᰃᔉ䝿⫳DŽ
Nǐ: Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshào jièshào. Zhè wèi shì Lín jiàoshòu. Zhè
wèi shì Zhāng yīshēng.
ᵫᬭᥜ˖ Й䯏໻ৡDŽ
ᵫᬭᥜ˖ Й㘲໻ৡDŽ
Lín jiàoshòu: Jiǔ wén dà míng.
ᓴए⫳˖ ᕐℸˈᕐℸDŽ
ᔉ䝿⫳˖ ᕐℸˈᕐℸDŽ
Zhāng yīshēng: Bícǐ, bícǐ.
3 a. ԴདDŽ៥ᰃ਼߽ˈᰃቅϰҎDŽ
ԴདDŽ៥ᰃ਼߽ˈᰃቅᵅҎDŽ
Nǐ hǎo. Wǒ shì Zhōu Lì, shì Shāndōng rén.
b. ៥ᕜ催݈䅸䆚ԴDŽᏠᳯ៥ӀҞᑈ㛑ড়԰ˈѦⳌᐂࡽDŽ
៥ᕜ催㟜䁡䄬ԴDŽᏠᳯ៥‫ץ‬Ҟᑈ㛑ড়԰ˈѦⳌᐿࡽDŽ
Wǒ hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ. Xīwàng wǒmen jīnnián néng hézuò, hùxiāng
bāngzhù.
c. ៥ᰃᄺ࣪ᄺⱘDŽ
៥ᰃᅌ࣪ᅌⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì xué huàxué de.
d. ⳳᎻʽ
Zhēn qiǎo!

24 Greetings and goodbyes

1 a. 4 b. 7 c. 5 d. 2 e. 1 f. 6 g. 3
2 a. ‫ݡ‬㾕DŽ/‫ݡ‬㽟DŽZài jiàn. b. ϔӮ‫ܓ‬㾕DŽ /ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬㽟DŽYīhuìr jiàn.
c. ಲ༈㾕DŽ /ಲ丁㽟DŽHuí tóu jiàn. d. ᯢ໽㾕DŽ/ᯢ໽㽟DŽMíngtiān jiàn.
e. ϟ᯳ᳳ㾕DŽ /ϟ᯳ᳳ㽟DŽXià xīngqī jiàn.

276
Answer key

3 a. Greeting: ӳᔎ‫ܘ‬བ᰸˖
‫؝‬ᔎ‫ܘ‬བ᰸˖
Wěiqiáng xiōng rúwù:
Goodbye: ᮄᑈᖿФDŽᓳˈ㒾℺DŽ
ᮄᑈᖿῖDŽᓳˈ㎦℺DŽ
Xīnnián kuàilè. Dì, Xùwǔ.
b. Greeting: ૤㗕Ꮬᚴ䡈˖
૤㗕᏿ᚴ䨦˖
Táng lǎoshī huìjiàn:
Goodbye: ᭀ乖໣ᅝDŽᄺ⫳ᓴᰧ᯹䇼⽔DŽ
ᭀ䷠໣ᅝDŽᅌ⫳ᔉᲝ᯹䄍⽔DŽ
Jìngsòng xià ān. Xuésheng Zhāng Xiǎochūn jǐnbǐng.
4 a. ៥ᡒ⥟ᯢDŽ
Wǒ zhǎo Wáng Míng.
b. ⥟ᯢˈདЙϡ㾕DŽԴ᳔䖥ᖭҔМਸ਼˛
⥟ᯢˈདЙϡ㽟DŽԴ᳔䖥ᖭ⫮咑ਸ਼˛
Wáng Míng, hǎo jiǔ bù jiàn. Nǐ zuì jìn máng shénme ne?
c. Դএ▇໻߽Ѯ৫˛ϔ䏃乎亢DŽ
Դএ▇໻߽Ѳ஢˛ϔ䏃䷚乼DŽ
Nǐ qù Aòdàlìyà ma? Yī lù shùn fēng.
d. ಲᴹ‫ݡ‬㾕DŽ
ಲ՚‫ݡ‬㽟DŽ
Huí lai zài jiàn.

25 Basic strategies for communication

1 a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 1 e. 7 f. 9 g. 3 h. 2 i. 5

2 a. ৌᴎˈ咏⚺ԴDŽ⥟ᑰѩ⾏䖭‫ܓ‬䖰৫˛
ৌ″ˈ咏✽ԴDŽ⥟ᑰѩ䲶䗭‫ܦ‬䘴஢˛
Sījī, máfan nǐ. Wángfǔjǐng lí zhèr yuǎn ma?
b. ᇍϡ䍋ˈ៥ϡពDŽ䇋Դ‫ݡ‬䇈ϔ⃵DŽ
ᇡϡ䍋ˈ៥ϡពDŽ䂟Դ‫ݡ‬䁾ϔ⃵DŽ
Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bù dǒng. Qǐng nǐ zài shuō yī cì.
c. ⳳᇍϡ䍋DŽ䇋Դ䇈᜶ϔ⚍DŽ
ⳳᇡϡ䍋DŽ䂟Դ䁾᜶ϔ咲DŽ
Zhēn duìbuqǐ. Qǐng nǐ shuō màn yīdiǎn.
d. ពњˈពњDŽ䇶䇶ԴDŽ
ពњˈពњDŽ䃱䃱ԴDŽ
Ding le, dǒng le. Xièxie nǐ.

277
ANSWER KEY

3 a. ᓳ b. ∉c. ᴢ d. ゴ e. 䰜/䱇 f. ⥟
4 佪‫˗ܜ‬䖬᳝˗↨ᮍ䇈˗㟇Ѣ˗ᘏ㗠㿔П
佪‫˗ܜ‬䙘᳝˗↨ᮍ䁾˗㟇ᮐ˗㐑㗠㿔П
shǒuxiān; háiyǒu; bǐfāngshuō; zhìyú; zǒng'éryánzhī
5 (Free response.)

26 Telecommunications and e-communications: telephones,

the internet, and social media

1 a. ݁Ѡϔбϔƻϗಯ
liù èr yī jiǔ yī líng qī sì
b. ϔϝ݁ѨϔѠܿϔϔܿƻ
yī sān liù wǔ yī èr bā yī yī bā líng
c. ݁ϗϔϗбಯ݁б
liù qī yī qī jiǔ sì liù jiǔ
2 a. ᢼ䫭/᩹䤃 bōcuò b. 䕧ܹ/䔌ܹ shūrù c. ᠧ dǎ d. ᬊࠄ shōudào e. ᥹ࠄ jiēdào
f. থ/ⱐ fā
3 a. ii b. iii
4 a. 䰘ӊ fùjiàn attachment b. 㾚乥/㽪丏 shìpín video call c. 㔥义/㎆䷕ wǎngyè
web page d. ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ/䳏ᄤ䛉ӊ diànzǐ yóujiàn email e. ⼒Ѹၦԧ/⼒Ѹၦ储
shèjiāo méitǐ social media f. Ѧ㘨㔥/Ѧ㙃㎆ hùlián wǎng internet
5 a. मᅶ bókè blog b. 䌈᭛/䊐᭛ tiē wén a post online c. 㔥㑶/㎆㋙ wǎnghóng
influencers d. 㘞໽ᅸ liáotiānshì chat room e. ⚍䌲/咲䅮 diǎnzàn to like
(a post) f. 㜌к/㞝᳌ Liǎnshū Facebook
6 a. 㔥キ/㎆キ wǎngzhàn, 㔥义/㎆䷕ wǎng yè, キЏ zhàn zhǔ b. 㔥৻/㎆৻ wǎngbā,
Ϟ㔥/Ϟ㎆ shàngwǎng

7 Sample answers:
a. 㗕Ꮬད˖᯼໽៥ᖬњ㒭ᙼࡳ䇒DŽᇍϡ䍋DŽ៥ৃҹ⦄೼㒭Դ৫˛៥ⱘࡳ䇒೼䰘ӊϞDŽ
㗕᏿ད˖᯼໽៥ᖬњ㌺ᙼࡳ䂆DŽᇡϡ䍋DŽ៥ৃҹ⧒೼㌺Դ஢˛៥ⱘࡳ䂆೼䰘ӊϞDŽ
Lǎoshī hǎo: Zuótiān wǒ wàngle gěi nín gōngkè. Duìbuqǐ. Wǒ kěyǐ
xiànzài gěi nǐ ma? Wǒ de gōngkè zài fùjiàn shàng.
b. ৠᄺӀདˈᯢ໽៥ӀϞजक⚍೼㔥ϞᓔӮDŽ䖭ᰃᯢ໽ⱘӮ䆂䖲㒧DŽ
ৠᅌ‫ץ‬དˈᯢ໽៥‫ץ‬Ϟजक咲೼㎆Ϟ䭟᳗DŽ䗭ᰃᯢ໽ⱘ᳗䅄䗷㌤DŽ
Tóngxuémen hǎo, míngtiān wǒmen shàngwǔ shí diǎn zài wǎngshàng
kāi huì. Zhè shì míngtiān de huìyì liánjié.
c. ᇣᓴˈԴ⦄೼᳝ぎ৫˛៥Ӏ㾚䆃ϔϟˈ䅼䆎Ё᭛䇒ⱘ᡹ਞˈ㸠৫˛
ᇣᔉˈԴ⧒೼᳝ぎ஢˛៥Ӏ㽪㿞ϔϟˈ㿢䂪Ё᭛䂆ⱘฅਞˈ㸠஢˛
Xiǎo Zhāng, nǐ xiànzài yǒukòng ma? Wǒmen shìxùn yīxià, tǎolùn
Zhōngwén kè de bàogào, xíng ma?
278
Answer key

8 a. iv b. iii c. i d. ii

9 (Free response.)

27 Negating information

1 a. ៥ϡ㽕䎳ҪӀৗ佁DŽ
៥ϡ㽕䎳Ҫ‫ץ‬ৗ仃DŽ
Wǒ bù yào gēn tāmen chī fàn.
b. ៥਀ϡពҪⱘ䆱DŽ
៥㙑ϡពҪⱘ䁅DŽ
Wǒ tīngbùding tā de huà.
c. ៥ϡᜓᛣ䎳Ҫ㒧ီDŽ
៥ϡ丬ᛣ䎳Ҫ㌤ီDŽ
Wǒ bù yuànyi gēn tā jiéhūn.
d. ៥䖬≵‫އ‬ᅮфҔМDŽ
៥䙘≦‫އ‬ᅮ䊋⫮咑DŽ
Wǒ hái méi juédìng mǎi shénme.
e. ៥ϡᐌᴹ䖭䞠DŽ
៥ϡᐌ՚䗭㺣DŽ
Wǒ bù cháng lái zhèlǐ.
f. ៥ḍᴀ≵᳝䪅DŽ
៥ḍᴀ≦᳝䣶DŽ
Wǒ gēnběn méi yǒu qián.
g. ៥ϡ೼令ख़ৗ佁DŽ
៥ϡ೼令ᓇৗ仃DŽ
Wǒ bù zài cāntīng chī fàn.
h. ៥Ӏ䛑ϡӮ䇈ᑓϰ䆱DŽ
៥‫ץ‬䛑ϡ᳗䁾ᒷᵅ䁅DŽ
Wǒmen dōu bù huì shuō Guǎngdōng huà.
i. ៥≵਀ពҪⱘ䆱DŽ
៥≦㙑ពҪⱘ䁅DŽ
Wǒ méi tīngdǒng tā de huà.
2 a. ៥ϡ୰⃶䴶ᴵDŽ
៥ϡ୰ℵ咉ṱDŽ
Wǒ bù xǐhuan miàntiáo.
b. ៥≵᳝᳟টDŽ
Wǒ méi yǒu péngyou.
c. ៥≵‫ࡳخ‬䇒DŽ
៥≦‫ࡳخ‬䂆DŽ
Wǒ méi zuò gōngkè.

279
ANSWER KEY

d. ៥ϡ催DŽ
Wǒ bù gāo.
e. ៥᯼໽ϡᖭDŽ
Wǒ zuótiān bù máng.
f. ៥Ңᴹ≵਀䖛䙷佪℠DŽ
៥ᕲ՚≦㙑䘢䙷佪℠DŽ
Wǒ cónglái méi tīngguo nà shǒu gē.
g. ᆊ䞠≵ҎDŽ
ᆊ㺣≦ҎDŽ
Jiāli méi rén.
h. ᯼໽≵ϟ䲼DŽ
Zuótiān méi xià yǔ.
i. ៥ϡӮᓔ䔺DŽ
៥ϡ᳗䭟䒞DŽ
Wǒ bù huì kāi chē.
j. ៥໻ᄺ䖬≵↩ϮDŽ
៥໻ᅌ䙘≦⬶ὁDŽ
Wǒ dàxué hái méi bìyè.

3 a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 1 e. 2 f. 7 g. 6

4 Tom: ៥≵᳝ཇ᳟টDŽ៥ϡ䅸䆚ӏԩཇᄽᄤDŽ
៥≦᳝ཇ᳟টDŽ៥ϡ䁡䄬ӏԩཇᄽᄤDŽ
Wǒ méi yǒu nǚ péng you. Wǒ bù rènshi rènhé nǚ háizi.
Collins: ៥Ңᴹ≵এ䖛 / খࡴ䖛㟲ӮDŽ
៥ᕲ՚≦এ䘢 / গࡴ䘢㟲᳗DŽ
Wǒ cónglái méi qùguò ˋ cānjiāguò wǔhuì.
Jackie: ៥ҞᑈϝकѨቕˈৃᰃ៥ϡӮᓔ䔺DŽ
៥ҞᑈϝकѨⅆˈৃᰃ៥ϡ᳗䭟䒞DŽ
Wǒ jīnnián sānshíwǔ suì, kěshì wǒ bù huì kāi chē.
Abby: ៥Ꮖ㒣ᄺЁ᭛ᄺњϸᑈњˈৃᰃ៥ḍᴀ਀ϡព㗕Ꮬ䇈ҔМDŽ
៥Ꮖ㍧ᅌЁ᭛ᅌњܽᑈњˈৃᰃ៥ḍᴀ㙑ϡព㗕᏿䁾⫮咐DŽ
Wǒ yǐjīng xué Zhōngwén xuéle liǎng nián le, kěshì wǒ gēnběn
tīngbùdǒng lǎoshī shuō shénme.
Dennis: ៥≵䪅њDŽ↿᮴⭥䯂ˈ៥ᑨ䆹ᕫࠄ䙷ϾᏗᳫሐDŽ
៥≦䣶њDŽ↿⛵⭥ଣˈ៥ឝ䁆ᕫࠄ䙷‫ן‬ᏗᳫሐDŽ
Wǒ méi qián le. Háowú yíwèn, wǒ yīnggāi dédào nà ge bùlǎngní.
Sophia: ៥ಯकѠቕˈ≵᳝Ꮉ԰ˈ䖬䎳⠊↡ԣ೼ϔ䍋DŽ᮴䆎བԩ៥䛑ᑨ䆹ᕫࠄ䙷Ͼ
ᏗᳫሐDŽ
៥ಯकѠⅆˈ≦᳝Ꮉ԰ˈ䙘䎳⠊↡ԣ೼ϔ䍋DŽ⛵䂪བԩ៥䛑ឝ䁆ᕫࠄ䙷‫ן‬
ᏗᳫሐDŽ
Wǒ sìshí’èr suì, méi yǒu gōngzuò, hái gēn fùmǔ zhù zài yīqǐ. Wúlùn
rúhé wǒ dōu yīnggāi dédào nàge bùlǎngní.
YOU:

280
Answer key

28 Asking questions, answering questions, and reporting

questions

1 a. ԴᛇএЁ೑৫˛
ԴᛇএЁ೟஢˛
Nǐ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó ma?
Do you want to go to China?
b. ཌྷ᳝⬋᳟ট৫˛
Tā yǒu nán péngyou ma?
Does she have a boyfriend?
c. Դৗ䖛⫳剐⠛৫˛
Դৗ䘢⫳儮⠛஢˛
Nǐ chīguò shēng yúpiàn ma?
Have you eaten sashimi (raw fish slices) before?
d. ҪӀӮ䇈Ё೑䆱৫˛
Ҫ‫ץ‬᳗䁾Ё೟䁅஢˛
Tāmen huì shuō Zhōngguó huà ma?
Can they speak Chinese?
e. Ҫᰃ㣅೑Ҏ৫˛
Ҫᰃ㣅೟Ҏ஢˛
Tā shì Yīngguó rén ma?
Is he English?
f. Դ୰⃶ᮙ㸠৫˛
Դ୰ℵᮙ㸠஢˛
Nǐ xǐhuan lǚxíng ma?
Do you like to travel?
g. Ё೑Ҏ⠅ଅ℠‫ܓ‬৫˛
Ё೟Ҏᛯଅ℠‫ܦ‬஢˛
Zhōngguó rén ài chàng gēr ma?
Do Chinese people love to sing?
h. Ҫ↣໽೼݀ು䎥ℹ৫˛
Ҫ↣໽೼݀೦䎥ℹ஢˛
Tā měitiān zài gōngyuán pǎo bù ma?
Does he jog in the park every day?

2 a. ԴᛇϡᛇএЁ೑˛
ԴᛇϡᛇএЁ೟˛
Nǐ xiǎng bù xiǎng qù Zhōngguó?
b. ཌྷ᳝≵᳝⬋᳟ট˛
Tā yǒu méi yǒu nán péng you?
c. Դৗ䖛≵ৗ䖛⫳剐⠛˛
Դৗ䘢≦ৗ䘢⫳儮⠛˛
Nǐ chīguò méi chīguò shēng yúpiàn?

281
ANSWER KEY

d. ҪӀӮϡӮ䇈Ё೑䆱˛
Ҫ‫ץ‬᳗ϡ᳗䁾Ё೟䁅˛
Tāmen huì bù huì shuō Zhōngguó huà?
e. Ҫᰃϡᰃ㣅೑Ҏ˛
Ҫᰃϡᰃ㣅೟Ҏ˛
Tā shì bù shì Yīngguó rén?
f. Դ୰⃶ϡ୰⃶ᮙ㸠˛
Դ୰ℵϡ୰ℵᮙ㸠˛
Nǐ xǐhuan bù xǐhuan lǚxíng?
g. Ё೑Ҏ⠅ϡ⠅ଅ℠‫˛ܓ‬
Ё೟Ҏᛯϡᛯଅ℠‫˛ܦ‬
Zhōngguó rén ài bù ài chàng gēr?
h. Ҫ↣໽೼ϡ೼݀ು䎥ℹ˛
Ҫ↣໽೼ϡ೼݀೦䎥ℹ˛
Tā měitiān zài bù zài gōngyuán pǎo bù? (Is this where he jogs?)
or
Ҫ↣໽೼݀ು䎥ϡ䎥ℹ˛
Ҫ↣໽೼݀೦䎥ϡ䎥ℹ˛
Tā měitiān zài gōngyuán pǎo bù pǎo bù? (Is this what he does in the park?)

3 a. Դᰃ৺ᛇএЁ೑˛
Դᰃ৺ᛇএЁ೟˛
Nǐ shìfǒu xiǎng qù Zhōngguó?
b. ཌྷᰃ৺᳝⬋᳟ট˛
Tā shìfǒu yǒu nán péng you?
c. Դᰃ৺ৗ䖛⫳剐⠛˛
Դᰃ৺ৗ䘢⫳儮⠛˛
Nǐ shìfǒu chīguò shēngyúpiàn?
d. ҪӀᰃ৺Ӯ䇈Ё೑䆱˛
Ҫ‫ץ‬ᰃ৺᳗䁾Ё೟䁅˛
Tāmen shìfǒu huì shuō Zhōngguó huà?
e. Ҫᰃ৺ᰃ㣅೑Ҏ˛
Ҫᰃ৺ᰃ㣅೟Ҏ˛
Tā shìfǒu shì Yīngguó rén?
f. Դᰃ৺୰⃶ᮙ㸠˛
Դᰃ৺୰ℵᮙ㸠˛
Nǐ shìfǒu xǐhuan lǚxíng?
g. Ё೑Ҏᰃ৺⠅ଅ℠‫˛ܓ‬
Ё೟Ҏᰃ৺ᛯଅ℠‫˛ܦ‬
Zhōngguó rén shìfǒu ài chàng gēr?
h. Ҫ↣໽ᰃ৺೼݀ು䎥ℹ˛
Ҫ↣໽ᰃ৺೼݀೦䎥ℹ˛
Tā měitiān shìfǒu zài gōng yuán pǎo bù?

282
Answer key

4 a. ᰃDŽ៥ᰃᄺ⫳DŽ
ᰃDŽ៥ᰃᅌ⫳DŽ
Shì. Wǒ shì xuésheng.
Yes. I am a student.
b. ᰃDŽᰃⱘDŽӮ˄ᓔ˅DŽ
ᰃDŽᰃⱘDŽ᳗˄䭟˅DŽ
Shì./Shì de./Huì (kāi)
Yes, I do
c. ୱ䖛DŽ៥ୱ䖛Ё೑㤊DŽ
ୱ䘢DŽ៥ୱ䘢Ё೟㤊DŽ
Hēguò. Wǒ hēguò Zhōngguó chá.
Yes. I have drunk Chinese tea before.
d. ᰃDŽᰃⱘDŽৗ䖛DŽ
ᰃDŽᰃⱘDŽৗ䘢DŽ
Shì./Shì de./Chīguò.
Yes, I have.
e. ୰⃶DŽ៥୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
୰ℵDŽ៥୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Xǐhuan. Wǒ xǐhuan kàn diànyǐng.
Yes. I like to watch movies.
f. ᰃDŽᰃⱘDŽ᳝DŽ
ᰃDŽᰃⱘDŽ᳝DŽ
Shì./Shì de./Yǒu.
Yes, it does.
g. ⓖ҂DŽḖᵫⱘቅ∈ᕜⓖ҂DŽ
Piàoliang. Guìlín de shānshuǐ hěn piàoliang.
Yes. Guilin’s scenery is pretty.
h. ⫼DŽ៥⫼ㅋᄤৗ佁DŽ
⫼DŽ៥⫼ㅋᄤৗ仃DŽ
Yòng. Wǒ yòng kuàizi chī fàn.
Yes. I use chopsticks to eat.
i. ᰃDŽ/ᰃⱘDŽ/ᇍDŽ/ӮDŽ
ᰃDŽ/ᰃⱘDŽ/ᇡDŽ/᳗DŽ
Shì./Shì de./Duì./Huì.
Yes, I do.

5 a. ϡᰃDŽ៥ϡᰃᄺ⫳DŽ
ϡᰃDŽ៥ϡᰃᅌ⫳DŽ
Bù shì. Wǒ bù shì xuésheng.
No. I am not a student.

283
ANSWER KEY

b. ϡӮDŽ
ϡ᳗DŽ
Bù huì.
No, I don’t.
c. ≵ୱ䖛DŽ៥≵ୱ䖛Ё೑㤊DŽ
≦ୱ䘢DŽ៥≦ୱ䘢Ё೟㤊DŽ
Méi hēguò. Wǒ méi hēguò Zhōngguó chá.
No. I haven’t drunk Chinese tea before.
d. ≵ৗ䖛DŽ
≦ৗ䘢DŽ
Méi chīguò.
No. I haven’t.
e. ϡ୰⃶DŽ៥ϡ୰⃶ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
ϡ୰ℵDŽ៥ϡ୰ℵⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Bù xǐhuan. Wǒ bù xǐhuan kàn diànyǐng.
No. I do not like to watch movies.
f. ≵᳝DŽ
≦᳝DŽ
Méi yǒu.
No. It doesn’t.
g. ϡⓖ҂DŽḖᵫⱘቅ∈ϡⓖ҂DŽ
Bù piàoliang. Guìlín de shānshuǐ bù piàoliang.
No. Guilin’s scenery is not pretty.
h. ϡ⫼DŽ៥ϡ⫼ㅋᄤৗ佁DŽ
ϡ⫼DŽ៥ϡ⫼ㅋᄤৗ仃DŽ
Bù yòng. Wǒ bù yòng kuàizi chī fàn.
No. I do not use chopsticks to eat.
i. ϡӮDŽ
ϡ᳗DŽ
Bù huì.
No, I don’t.

6 a. Դ୰⃶ৗЁ令䖬ᰃ㽓令˛
Դ୰ℵৗЁ令䙘ᰃ㽓令˛
Nǐ xǐhuan chī Zhōngcān háishi xīcān?
Do you like to eat Chinese food or Western food?
b. Դᰃᄺ⫳䖬ᰃ㗕Ꮬ˛
Դᰃᅌ⫳䙘ᰃ㗕᏿˛
Nǐ shì xuésheng háishi lǎoshī?
Are you a student or a teacher?
c. ԴᄺЁ೑᭛ᄺ䖬ᰃᄺ㣅೑᭛ᄺ˛
ԴᅌЁ೟᭛ᅌ䙘ᰃᅌ㣅೟᭛ᅌ˛
Nǐ xué Zhōngguó wénxué háishi xué Yīngguó wénxué?
Do you study Chinese literature or English literature?
284
Answer key

d. ԴᰃѠकϔቕ䖬ᰃѠकѠቕ˛
ԴᰃѠकϔⅆ䙘ᰃѠकѠⅆ˛
Nǐ shì èrshíyī suì háishi èrshíèr suì?
Are you 21 years old or 22?
e. Դ୰⃶ⳟ⬉㾚䖬ᰃ୰⃶਀ᬊ䷇ᴎ˛
Դ୰ℵⳟ䳏㽪䙘ᰃ୰ℵ㙑ᬊ䷇″˛
Nǐ xǐhuan kàn diànshì háishi xǐhuan tīng shōuyīnjī?
Do you like to watch TV or listen to radio?
f. ԴϞ催Ё䖬ᰃϞ໻ᄺ˛
ԴϞ催Ё䙘ᰃϞ໻ᅌ˛
Nǐ shàng gāozhōng háishi shàng dàxué?
Are you in high school or in college?

7 a. ៥୰⃶ৗ㽓令DŽԴ୰⃶ৗ㽓令৫˛
៥୰ℵৗ㽓令DŽԴ୰ℵৗ㽓令஢˛
Wǒ xǐhuan chī xīcān. Nǐ xǐhuan chī xīcān ma?
b. ៥ᰃᄺ⫳DŽԴᰃᄺ⫳৫˛
៥ᰃᅌ⫳DŽԴᰃᅌ⫳஢˛
Wǒ shì xuésheng. Nǐ shì xuésheng ma?
c. ៥ᄺЁ೑᭛ᄺDŽԴᄺЁ೑᭛ᄺ৫˛
៥ᅌЁ೟᭛ᅌDŽԴᅌЁ೟᭛ᅌ஢˛
Wǒ xué Zhōngguó wénxué. Nǐ xué Zhōngguó wénxué ma?
d. ៥୰⃶ⳟ⬉㾚DŽԴ୰⃶ⳟ⬉㾚৫˛
៥୰ℵⳟ䳏㽪DŽԴ୰ℵⳟ䳏㽪஢˛
Wǒ xǐhuan kàn diànshì. Nǐ xǐhuan kàn diànshì ma?
e. ៥Ϟ໻ᄺDŽԴϞ໻ᄺ৫˛
៥Ϟ໻ᅌDŽԴϞ໻ᅌ஢˛
Wǒ shàng dàxué. Nǐ shàng dàxué ma?
f. ៥⠅ⳟЁ೑⬉ᕅDŽԴ⠅ⳟЁ೑⬉ᕅ৫˛
៥ᛯⳟЁ೟䳏ᕅDŽԴᛯⳟЁ೟䳏ᕅ஢˛
Wǒ ài kàn Zhōngguó diànyǐng. Nǐ ài kàn Zhōngguó diànyǐng ma?
g. ៥ϡᢑ⚳DŽԴᢑ⚳৫˛
៥ϡᢑ✭DŽԴᢑ✭஢˛
Wǒ bù chōu yān. Nǐ chōu yān ma?
h. ៥এ䖛Ё೑DŽԴএ䖛Ё೑৫˛
៥এ䘢Ё೟DŽԴএ䘢Ё೟஢˛
Wǒ qùguò Zhōngguó. Nǐ qùguò Zhōngguó ma?
8 a. ഄ䪕⼼໮ᇥ䪅˛
ഄ䨉⼼໮ᇥ䣶˛
Dìtiě piào duōshao qián?
How much is a subway ticket?

285
ANSWER KEY

b. હહ⡍߿୰⃶ৗҔМ˛
હહ⡍߹୰ℵৗ⫮咑˛
Gēgē tèbié xǐhuan chī shénme?
What does older brother particularly like to eat?
c. ⦄೼޴⚍䩳˛
⧒೼ᑒ咲䧬˛
Xiànzài jǐdiǎn zhōng?
What time is it now?
d. Ҫ೼㕢೑ԣњ໮Й˛
Ҫ೼㕢೟ԣњ໮Й˛
Tā zài Měiguó zhù le duō jiǔ?
How long did he live in America?
e. ཌྷᰃા೑Ҏ˛
ཌྷᰃા೟Ҏ˛
Tā shì nǎguó rén?
Which country does she come from?
f. ࣫⍋݀ು೼ા‫˛ܓ‬
࣫⍋݀೦೼ા‫˛ܦ‬
Běihǎi gōng yuán zài nǎr?
Where is Beihai Park?
g. Դ᳝޴Ͼৠሟ˛
Դ᳝ᑒ‫ן‬ৠሟ˛
Nǐ yǒu jǐge tóngwū?
How many roommates do you have?
h. Դ䎳䇕ϔ䍋⾳ϔϾ᠓ᄤ˛
Դ䎳䂄ϔ䍋⾳ϔ‫ן‬᠓ᄤ˛
Nǐ gēn shéi yīqǐ zū yīgè fángzi?
With whom are you renting a house?

9 a. ԴЎҔМϡᜓᛣこ催䎳䵟˛
Դ⠆⫮咑ϡ丬ᛣこ催䎳䵟˛
Nǐ wèishénme bù yuànyì chuān gāogēnxié?
b. Դ᯼໽ᰮϞ޴⚍䩳ಲᆊⱘ˛
Դ᯼໽ᰮϞᑒ咲䧬ಲᆊⱘ˛
Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshang jǐdiǎn zhōng huí jiā de?
c. Դ೼ા‫ܓ‬Ϟ໻ᄺ˛
Դ೼ા‫ܦ‬Ϟ໻ᅌ˛
Nǐ zài nǎr shàng dàxué?
d. ԴⱘЁ᭛⧁᳝໮ᇥᄺ⫳˛
ԴⱘЁ᭛⧁᳝໮ᇥᅌ⫳˛
Nǐ de Zhōngwén bān yǒu duōshao xuésheng?

286
Answer key

e. Դ↣໽೼ҔМഄᮍ‫ذ‬䔺˛
Դ↣໽೼⫮咑ഄᮍ‫ذ‬䒞˛
Nǐ měitiān zài shénme dìfang tíng chē?
f. Ꮘ咢⾏Ӻᬺ᳝໮䖰˛
Ꮘ咢䲶‫׿‬ᬺ᳝໮䘴˛
Bālí lí Lúndūn yǒu duō yuǎn?
g. 䖭Ͼ䔺㛑ത޴ϾҎ˛
䗭‫ן‬䒞㛑തᑒ‫ן‬Ҏ˛
Zhège chē néng zuò jǐ gè rén?
h. Ҟ໽ᰃ޴᳜޴ো˛
Ҟ໽ᰃᑒ᳜ᑒ㰳˛
Jīntiān shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào?
10 a. Դ೼ા‫ܓ‬ᄺЁ᭛˛
Դ೼ા‫ܦ‬ᅌЁ᭛˛
Nǐ zài nǎr xué Zhōngwén?
b. ԴҔМᯊ‫׭‬ৗᰮ佁˛
Դ⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬ৗᰮ仃˛
Nǐ shènme shíhòu chī wǎnfàn?
c. 䖭Ͼଚᑫ޴⚍ᓔ䮼˛
䗭‫ן‬ଚᑫᑒ咲䭟䭔˛
Zhège shāngdiàn jǐdiǎn kāi mén?
d. Դᄺњ໮䭓ᯊ䯈ⱘЁ᭛њ˛or ԴᄺЁ᭛ᄺњ໮䭓ᯊ䯈˛
Դᅌњ໮䭋ᰖ䭧ⱘЁ᭛њ˛or ԴᅌЁ᭛ᅌњ໮䭋ᰖ䭧˛
Nǐ xué le duō cháng shíjiān de Zhōngwén le? or
Nǐ xué Zhōngwén xuéle duō cháng shíjiān?
e. Դ䇋њ޴ϾҎৗᰮ佁˛
Դ䂟њᑒ‫ן‬Ҏৗᰮ仃˛
Nǐ qǐng le jǐ ge rén chī wǎnfàn?
f. Դ䅸䆚䇕˛
Դ䁡䄬䂄˛
Nǐ rènshi shéi?
g. ԴЎҔМᛇⳟ䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅ˛
Դ⠆⫮咑ᛇⳟ䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅ˛
Nǐ wéishénme xiǎng kàn nàge diànyǐng?
h. ҪӀ᳝޴Ͼᄽᄤ˛
Ҫ‫ץ‬᳝ᑒ‫ן‬ᄽᄤ˛
Tāmen yǒu jǐ ge háizi?
11 a. ៥䯂ཛྷཛྷ޴⚍ৗᰮ佁DŽ
៥ଣ႑႑ᑒ咲ৗᰮ仃DŽ
Wǒ wèn mama jǐ diǎn chī wǎnfàn?
I ask mother when we eat dinner?

287
ANSWER KEY

b. ៥䯂ᇣ⥟Ҫⱘ⫳᮹ᰃ޴᳜޴োDŽ
៥ଣᇣ⥟Ҫⱘ⫳᮹ᰃᑒ᳜ᑒ㰳DŽ
Wǒ wèn Xiǎo Wáng tā de shēngrì shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào.
I ask Xiao Wang when his birthday is.
c. 㗕Ꮬ䯂៥Ӏ䇕≵‫ࡳݭ‬䇒DŽ
㗕᏿ଣ៥‫ץ‬䂄≦ᆿࡳ䂆DŽ
Lǎoshī wèn women shéi méi xiě gōngkè.
The teacher asks us who didn’t do the homework.
d. ᷵䭓䯂ᄺ⫳䖭ᰃ䇕ⱘ㞾㸠䔺DŽ
᷵䭋ଣᅌ⫳䗭ᰃ䂄ⱘ㞾㸠䒞DŽ
Xiàozhǎng wèn xuéshēng zhè shì shéi de zìxíngchē.
The principal asks the students whose bike this is.
e. ЏҎ䯂៥ୱϡୱ੪ଵDŽ
ЏҎଣ៥ୱϡୱ੪ଵDŽ
Zhǔrén wèn wǒ hē bù hē kāfēi.
The host asks if I drink coffee.
f. 㗕Ꮬ䯂៥ҞᑈӮϡӮ↩ϮDŽ
㗕᏿ଣ៥Ҟᑈ᳗ϡ᳗⬶ὁDŽ
Lǎoshī wèn wǒ jīnnián huì bù huì bìyè.
The teacher asks me if I’ll graduate this year.
g. ៥䯂៥೼࣫Ҁⱘ᳟ট࣫Ҁ⦄೼‫ދ‬ϡ‫ދ‬DŽ
៥ଣ៥೼࣫Ҁⱘ᳟ট࣫Ҁ⧒೼‫ދ‬ϡ‫ދ‬DŽ
Wǒ wèn wǒ zài Běijīng de péngyǒu Běijīng xiànzài lěng bù lěng.
I ask my friend who’s in Beijing if Beijing is cold right now.
h. ៥䯂៥ᕜЙϡ㽟ⱘৠᄺҪӮϡӮᓔ䔺њDŽ
៥ଣ៥ᕜЙϡ㽟ⱘৠᅌҪ᳗ϡ᳗䭟䒞њDŽ
Wǒ wèn wǒ hěn jiǔ bù jiàn de tóngxué tā huì bù huì kāi chē le.
I ask my classmate who I haven’t seen for a long time if he knows how to
drive now.
12 a. Դ㽕೼Ϟ⍋ᕙ໮Й˛Nǐ yào zài Shànghǎi dāi duōjiǔ?
b. Դᴹ䖛Ё೑৫˛/ Դ՚䘢Ё೟஢˛Nǐ lái guo Zhōngguó ma?
c. Ё᭛䲒ᄺ৫˛ЎҔМ˛/ Ё᭛䲷ᅌ஢˛⚎Ҕ咐˛Zhōngwén nán xué ma?
Wèishénme?
d. Դ᳔ᛇৗҔМЁ೑㦰˛/ Դ᳔ᛇৗҔ咐Ё೟㦰˛Nǐ zuì xiǎng chī shénme
Zhōngguó cài?
e. Դ㛑ϡ㛑໮ਞ䆝៥Ӏϔ⚍݇Ѣ䖭Ͼ㾦㡆ⱘџᚙ˛/ Դ㛑ϡ㛑໮ਞ䀈៥‫ץ‬ϔ咲䮰
ᮐ䗭‫ן‬㾦㡆ⱘџᚙ˛Nǐ néng bù néng duō gàosu wǒmen yī diǎn guānyú
zhège juésè de shìqing?

29 Expressing identification, possession, and existence

1 a. ೼ zài b. ᳝ yǒu c. ᰃ shì d. ೼ zài e. ᰃ shì f. ೼ zài g. ᳝ yǒu h. ᰃ shì
i. ᳝ yǒu j. ೼ zài

288
Answer key

2 a. my older brother’s girlfriend b. your new car c. our foreign language teacher d.
the child’s mom e. my younger brother’s roommate’s friend f. my friend’s
roommate’s younger brother g. teacher Zhang’s younger sister’s student
h. teacher Zhang’s student’s younger sister

3 a. ཌྷⱘᕜⓖ҂ⱘཇᄽᄤ
tā de hěn piàoliang de nǚ háizi
b. ៥ⱘЁ᭛䇒ᴀ
៥ⱘЁ᭛䂆ᴀ
wǒ de Zhōngwén kèběn
c. Դⱘ໪೑᳟ট
Դⱘ໪೟᳟ট
nǐ de wàiguó péngyou
d. ៥ජ䞠ⱘ᠓ᄤ
៥ජ㺣ⱘ᠓ᄤ
wǒ chénglǐ de fángzi
e. ཌྷⱘ੠⇨ⱘ᳟ট
ཌྷⱘ੠⇷ⱘ᳟ট
tā de héqì de péngyou
f. ៥ⱘᕜ㟦᳡ⱘ䵟ᄤ
wǒ de hěn shūfu de xiézi

4 ೼ zài; ᳝ yǒu; ᳝ yǒu; ᰃ shì; ೼ zài; ೼ zài; ᳝ yǒu; ᰃ shì

5 (Free response.)

30 Describing people, places, and things

1 a. ⥟ᯢकܿቕDŽ
⥟ᯢकܿⅆDŽ
Wáng Míng shíbā suì.
b. ⥟ᯢᰃᄺ⫳DŽ
⥟ᯢᰃᅌ⫳DŽ
Wáng Míng shì xuésheng.
c. ⥟ᯢᕜ㘾ᯢDŽ
⥟ᯢᕜ㙄ᯢDŽ
Wáng Míng hěn cōngming.
d. ⥟ᯢᕜ催DŽ
Wáng Míng hěn gāo.
e. ⥟ᯢᰃࡴᣓ໻ҎDŽ
Wáng Míng shì Jiānádà rén.

289
ANSWER KEY

2 a. Ҫ໮໻˛
Tā duō dà?
b. Ҫ䇈ા೑䆱˛
Ҫ䁾ા೟䁅˛
Tā shuō nǎguó huà?
c. Ҫᰃા೑Ҏ˛
Ҫᰃા೟Ҏ˛
Tā shì nǎguó rén?
d. Ҫ୰⃶ҔМ⬉ᕅ˛
Ҫ୰ℵ⫮咑䳏ᕅ˛
Tā xǐhuan shénme diànyǐng?
e. Ҫⱘ⫳᮹ᰃ޴᳜޴ো˛
Ҫⱘ⫳᮹ᰃᑒ᳜ᑒ㰳˛
Tā de shēngri shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào?
f. Ҫ᳝޴Ͼᓳᓳ˛
Ҫ᳝ᑒ‫ן‬ᓳᓳ˛
Tā yǒu jǐ gè dìdi?
g. Ҫ↣ᑈএા‫˛ܓ‬
Ҫ↣ᑈএા‫˛ܦ‬
Tā měinián qù nǎr?
h. ҪфњϔᴀҔМᄫ‫˛݌‬
Ҫ䊋њϔᴀ⫮咑ᄫ‫˛݌‬
Tā mǎi le yī běn shénme zìdiǎn?
3 a. кᰃ⫼㒌‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
᳌ᰃ⫼㋭‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
Shū shì yòng zhǐ zuò de.
b. ㊪ᵰᰃ⫼㊪‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
Tángguǒ shì yòng táng zuò de.
c. 佦༈ᰃ⫼䴶㉝‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
伙丁ᰃ⫼呾㉝‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
Mántou shì yòng miànfěn zuò de.
d. ‫ބ‬ഫᰃ⫼∈‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
‫ބ‬พᰃ⫼∈‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
Bīngkuài shì yòng shuǐ zuò de.
e. ᠓ᄤᰃ⫼᳼༈‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
᠓ᄤᰃ⫼᳼丁‫ⱘخ‬DŽ
Fángzi shì yòng mùtou zuò de.
4 a. 㒑㑺‫ˈދ‬ϟ䲾ˈ⇨⏽ढ⇣15ᑺDŽ
㋤㋘‫ˈދ‬ϟ䲾ˈ⇷⑿㧃⇣15ᑺDŽ
Niǔyuē lěng, xià xuě, qìwēn huáshì 15 dù.

290
Answer key

b. ࣫Ҁ໮ѥˈࠂ亢ˈ⇨⏽ᨘ⇣䳊ϟ2ᑺDŽ
࣫Ҁ໮䳆ˈ亇乼ˈ⇷⑿᫱⇣䳊ϟ2ᑺDŽ
Běijīng duō yún, guā fēng, qìwēn shèshì língxià 2 dù.
c. ৄ࣫᱈ˈ╂⑓ˈ⇨⏽ᨘ⇣30ᑺDŽ
㟎࣫᱈ˈ╂▩ˈ⇷⑿᫱⇣30ᑺDŽ
Táiběi qíng, cháoshī, qìwēn shèshì 30 dù.

5 Դ˖ ए⫳ˈ៥ϡ㟦᳡DŽઇ௑ˈ༈ᕜ⮐ˈг⌕唏⍩DŽ
Դ˖ 䝿⫳ˈ៥ϡ㟦᳡DŽઇ௑ˈ丁ᕜ⮐ˈг⌕唏⍩DŽ
Nǐ: Yīshēng, wǒ bù shūfu. Késou, tóu hěn téng, yě liú bíti.
ए⫳˖ Դথϡথ⚻˛
䝿⫳˖ Դⱐϡⱐ➦˛
Yīshēng: Nǐ fā bù fā shāo?
Դ˖ ϡথ⚻DŽ
Դ˖ ϡⱐ➦DŽ
Nǐ: Bù fā shāo.
ए⫳˖ Դᢝ⿔৫˛
䝿⫳˖ Դᢝ⿔஢˛
Yīshēng: Nǐ lā xī ma?
Դ˖ ᢝ⿔DŽ
Nǐ: Lā xī.
ए⫳˖ Դⱘ㙮ᄤ⮐ϡ⮐˛
䝿⫳˖ Դⱘ㙮ᄤ⮐ϡ⮐˛
Yīshēng: Nǐ de dùzi téng bù téng?
Դ˖ ϡ⮐DŽ
Nǐ: Bù téng.
ए⫳˖ ᛳ‫ݦ‬њDŽ៥㒭ԴᓔϔϾ㥃ᮍˈ↣ಯϾ䩳༈ৗϔ⃵DŽ໮ⴵ㾝ˈ໮ୱ∈ˈ
Դ
᳔དϡ㽕ৗ䕷ⱘDŽ䖛޴໽ԴህӮདњDŽ
䝿⫳˖ Դᛳ‫ݦ‬њDŽ៥㌺Դ䭟ϔ‫ן‬㮹ᮍˈ↣ಯ‫ן‬䧬丁ৗϔ⃵DŽ໮ⴵ㾎ˈ໮ୱ∈ˈ

᳔དϡৗ䕷ⱘDŽ䘢ᑒ໽Դህ᳗དњDŽ
Yīshēng: Nǐ gǎnmào le. Wǒ gěi nǐ kāi yī gè yàofāng, měi sì gè zhōngtóu chī
yī cì. Duō shuì jiào, duō hē shuǐ, zuì hǎo bù yào chī là de. Guò
jǐtiān nǐ jiù huì hǎo le.

31 Describing how actions are performed

1 a. ૤⥿⦆䇈ᕫᕜ᜶DŽ
૤⥿⦆䁾ᕫᕜ᜶DŽ
Táng Méilíng shuō de hěn màn.

291
ANSWER KEY

b. ૤⥿⦆‫ݭ‬ᕫᕜ⏙ἮDŽ
૤⥿⦆ᆿᕫᕜ⏙ἮDŽ
Táng Méilíng xiě de hěn qīngchu.
c. ૤⥿⦆ৗᕫᕜ໮DŽ
Táng Méilíng chī de hěn duō.
d. ૤⥿⦆ ᓔ䔺 ᓔᕫ໾ᖿDŽ
૤⥿⦆ 䭟䒞 䭟ᕫ໾ᖿDŽ
Táng Méilíng (kāi chē) kāi de tài kuài.
e. ૤⥿⦆ᄺᕫ໾ᇥDŽ
૤⥿⦆ᅌᕫ໾ᇥDŽ
Táng Méilíng xué de tài shǎo.
f. ૤⥿⦆ 䎥ℹ 䎥ᕫᕜᖿDŽ
Táng Méilíng (pǎo bù) pǎo de hěn kuài.
g. ૤⥿⦆‫خ‬佁‫خ‬ᕫᕜདDŽ
૤⥿⦆‫خ‬仃‫خ‬ᕫᕜདDŽ
Táng Méilíng zuò fàn zuò de hěn hǎo.
h. ૤⥿⦆ ଅ℠ ଅᕫᕜ໮DŽ
Táng Méilíng (chàng gē) chàng de hěn duō.

2 a. ૤⥿⦆䇈᮹ᴀ䆱䇈ᕫᕜ᜶DŽ
૤⥿⦆䁾᮹ᴀ䁅䁾ᕫᕜ᜶DŽ
Táng Méilíng shuō Rìběn huà shuō de hěn màn.
b. ૤⥿⦆‫∝ݭ‬ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᕫᕜ⏙ἮDŽ
૤⥿⦆ᆿ⓶ᄫᆿᕫᕜ⏙ἮDŽ
Táng Méilíng xiě Hàn zì xiě de hěn qīngchu.
c. ૤⥿⦆ୱ㤊ୱᕫᕜ໮DŽ
Táng Méilíng hē chá hē de hěn duō.
d. ૤⥿⦆ᓔ䔺ᓔᕫ໾ᖿDŽ
૤⥿⦆䭟䒞䭟ᕫ໾ᖿDŽ
Táng Měilíng kāi chē kāi de tài kuài.
e. ૤⥿⦆ᄺЁ᭛ᄺᕫ໾ᇥDŽ
૤⥿⦆ᅌЁ᭛ᅌᕫ໾ᇥDŽ
Táng Méilíng xué Zhōngwén xué de tài shǎo.
f. ૤⥿⦆ᠧ㔥⧗ᠧᕫᕜ໮DŽ
૤⥿⦆ᠧ㎆⧗ᠧᕫᕜ໮DŽ
Táng Méilíng dǎ wǎngqiú dǎ de hěn duō.
g. ૤⥿⦆‫خ‬Ё೑佁‫خ‬ᕫᕜདDŽ
૤⥿⦆‫خ‬Ё೟仃‫خ‬ᕫᕜདDŽ
Táng Méilíng zuò Zhōngguó fàn zuò de hěn hǎo.
h. ૤⥿⦆ଅवᢝOKଅᕫᕜ໮DŽ
Táng Méilíng chàng kǎ lā OK chàng de hěn duō.

292
Answer key

3 a. How are her studies? b. How does she cook? c. How does she drive?
d. How does she sing? e. How does she dance? f. How does she speak English?

4 a. ཌྷᄺᕫᕜདDŽ
ཌྷᅌᕫᕜདDŽ
Tā xué de hěn hǎo.
b. ཌྷ‫خ‬㦰‫خ‬ᕫ䴲ᐌདDŽ
Tā zuò cài zuò de fēicháng hǎo.
c. ཌྷᓔ䔺ᓔᕫ᳝ϔ⚍᜶DŽ
ཌྷ䭟䒞䭟ᕫ᳝ϔ咲᜶DŽ
Tā kāi chē kāi de yǒu yīdiǎn màn.
d. ཌྷଅ℠‫ܓ‬ଅᕫϡ䫭DŽ
ཌྷଅ℠‫ܦ‬ଅᕫϡ䤃DŽ
Tā chàng gēr chàng de bù cuò.
e. ཌྷ䏇㟲䏇ᕫϡ໾དDŽ
Tā tiào wǔ tiào dé bù tài hǎo.
f. ཌྷ䇈㣅೑䆱䇈ᕫ⡍߿‫ޚ‬DŽ
ཌྷ䁾㣅೟䁅䁾ᕫ⡍߹‫ޚ‬DŽ
Tā shuō Yīngguó huà shuō de tèbié zhǔn.

5 a. ૤⥿⦆᜶᜶ഄᡞ䮼ᓔᓔњDŽ
૤⥿⦆᜶᜶ഄᡞ䭔䭟䭟њDŽ
Táng Méilíng mànmàn de bǎ mén kāikai le.
b. ૤⥿⦆ᖿᖿഄৗᅠњᰮ佁DŽ
૤⥿⦆ᖿᖿഄৗᅠњᰮ仃DŽ
Táng Méilíng kuàikuài de chīwán le wǎnfàn.
c. ૤⥿⦆ًًഄᡞৠሟⱘ᠟ᴎ˄᠟″˅‫׳‬䍄њDŽ
Táng Méilíng tōutōu de bǎ tóngwū de shǒujī jièzǒu le.
d. ૤⥿⦆㞾ᜓഄᐂࡽњྍྍDŽ
૤⥿⦆㞾丬ഄᐿࡽњྍྍDŽ
Táng Méilíng zìyuàn de bāngzhù le mèimei.
e. ૤⥿⦆ࣚᖭഄ⋫њⲬᄤDŽ
૤⥿⦆ࣚᖭഄ⋫њⲸᄤDŽ
Táng Méilíng cōngmáng de xǐ le pánzi.
f. ૤⥿⦆໻ໄഄিњ᳟টDŽ
૤⥿⦆໻㙆ഄিњ᳟টDŽ
Táng Méilíng dàshēng de jiào le péngyou.
g. ૤⥿⦆⫼ᖗഄ‫ݭ‬њ䆎᭛DŽ
૤⥿⦆⫼ᖗഄᆿњ䂪᭛DŽ
Táng Méilíng yòngxīn de xiě le lùnwén.
h. ૤⥿⦆䅸ⳳഄ਀њ᡹ਞDŽ
૤⥿⦆䁡ⳳഄ㙑њฅਞDŽ
Táng Méilíng rènzhēn de tīng le bàogào.

293
ANSWER KEY

6 a. Ҫ䇈Ё᭛䇈ᕫᕜདDŽ⊩᭛г䇈ᕫϡ䫭DŽ/ Ҫ䁾Ё᭛䁾ᕫᕜདDŽ⊩᭛г䁾ᕫ
ϡ䤃DŽTā shuō Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo, Fǎwén yě shuō de bù cuò.
b. Ҫᓔ䔺ᓔᕫᕜདDŽ/ Ҫ䭟䒞䭟ᕫᕜདDŽTā kāi chē kāi de hěn hǎo.
c. Ҫ䏇㟲䏇ᕫᕜདDŽ/ Ҫ䏇㟲䏇ᕫᕜདDŽTā tiào wǔ tiào de hěn hǎo.
d. Ҫᔍ䩶⨈ᔍᕫϡ䫭DŽ/ Ҫᔜ䣐⨈ᔜᕫϡ䤃DŽ Tā tán gāngqín tán de bù cuò.

7 a. Ҫ䎥ℹ䎥ᕫᖿϡᖿ˛/ Ҫ䎥ℹ䎥ᕫᖿϡᖿ˛Tā pǎo bù pǎo de kuài bù kuài?

b. Ҫ‫ݭ‬ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᕫⓖ҂৫˛/ Ҫᆿᄫᆿᕫⓖ҂஢˛Tā xiě zì xiě de piàoliang ma?
c. Ҫଅ℠ଅᕫᗢМḋ˛/ Ҫଅ℠ଅᕫᗢ咐ῷ˛Tā chàng gē chàng de zěnmeyàng?
d. Ҫ䇈䆱䇈ᕫ⏙Ἦϡ⏙Ἦ˛/ Ҫ䁾䁅䁾ᕫ⏙Ἦϡ⏙Ἦ˛Tā shuō huà shuō de
qīngchu bù qīngchu?

8 ᅝᅝ䴭䴭ഄ ān’ān jìngjing de

໻ໄഄ/໻㙆ഄ dàshēng de
䅸ⳳഄ/䁡ⳳഄ rènzhēn de
ᙘᙘഄ qiǎoqiǎo de
ᗹᗹᖭᖭഄ jíjí mángmáng de

32 Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

1 a. 佅/仑 bǎo b. ໳ gòu c. ᅠ wán d. ᅠ wán e. ࠄ dào or ⴔ/㨫 zháo f. ԣ zhù

g. 㾕/㽟 jiàn h. 䫭/䤃 cuò

2 a. 䖭䇒៥ᄺӮњDŽ
䗭䂆៥ᅌ᳗њDŽ
Zhè kè wǒ xuéhuì le.
b. 䖭ѯᄫ៥䆄ϡԣDŽ
䗭ѯᄫ៥㿬ϡԣDŽ
Zhè xiē zì wǒ jìbuzhù.
c. ៥≵਀㾕DŽ
៥≦㙑㽟DŽ
Wǒ méi tīngjian.
d. 䙷ᴀк៥фϡࠄDŽ
䙷ᴀ᳌៥䊋ϡࠄDŽ
Nà běn shū wǒ mǎibudào.
e. ᄫ‫݌‬៥фࠄњDŽ
ᄫ‫݌‬៥䊋ࠄњDŽ
Zìdiǎn wǒ mǎidào le.
f. ៥਀ᕫពЁ᭛DŽ
៥㙑ᕫពЁ᭛DŽ
Wǒ tīngdedǒng Zhōngwén.
g. ៥≵਀ពDŽ
៥≦㙑ពDŽ
Wǒ méi tīngdǒng.

294
Answer key

h. ៥ৗϡᅠDŽ
Wǒ chībùwán.

3 a. ៥ф䫭њкDŽ
៥䊋䤃њ᳌DŽ
Wǒ mǎicuò le shū.
b. Դⳟᕫ㾕ഄ䪕キ৫˛
Դⳟᕫ㽟ഄ䨉キ஢˛
Nǐ kàndejiàn dìtiě zhàn ma?
c. 䙷ᴀкԴфࠄњ৫˛
䙷ᴀ᳌Դ䊋ࠄњ஢˛
Nà běn shū nǐ mǎidào le ma?
d. ៥фࠄњDŽ
៥䊋ࠄњDŽ
Wǒ mǎidào le.
e. Դⳟᅠњ஢˛
Nǐ kànwán le ma?
f. ≵᳝ˈ៥䖬≵ⳟᅠਸ਼DŽ
≦᳝ˈ៥䙘≦ⳟᅠਸ਼DŽ
Méi yǒu, wǒ hái méi kànwán ne.
g. Դⳟᕫព৫˛
Դⳟᕫព஢˛
Nǐ kàndedǒng ma?
h. ៥ⳟᕫពDŽ
Wǒ kàndedǒng.
4 a. It is snowing. We can’t go now. b. My car is broken. I can’t drive it.
c. So much food. Are you able to eat it? d. He says that his hand hurts. He is
unable to write. e. All your flowers are frozen to death. They can’t survive.
f. Are you able to come tomorrow? g. Listen to me and you can’t go wrong.
h. I am busy today and am unable to attend your evening party.
5 a. 㗗ϡϞ kǎobushàng b. фϡ䍋/䊋ϡ䍋 mǎibuqǐ c. ᖬϡњ wàngbuliǎo
d. ᴹϡঞ/՚ϡঞ láibují e. ‫خ‬ᅠ zuòwán f. ‫خ‬ϡњ zuòbuliǎo
g. 䖯ϡএ/䘆ϡএ jìnbuqù h. ᇍϡ䍋/ᇡϡ䍋 duìbuqǐ
6 a. ৗϡᅠ chībuwán b. ᄺϡӮ/ᅌϡ᳗ xuébuhuì c. ⳟϡព kànbudǒng
d. ‫خ‬ϡᇍ/‫خ‬ϡᇡ zuòbuduì e. ‫خ‬ϡњ zuòbuliǎo f. ᡒϡⴔ/ᡒϡ㨫 zhǎobuzháo
7 a. Ҫ催݈ᕫଅ䍋℠‫ܓ‬ᴹњDŽ
Ҫ催㟜ᕫଅ䍋℠‫ܦ‬՚њDŽ
Tā gāoxìng de chàng qǐ gēr lái le.
b. ៥㌃ᕫⴵњϸ໽DŽ
៥㌃ᕫⴵњܽ໽DŽ
Wǒ lèi de shuì le liǎng tiān.

295
ANSWER KEY

c. ҪӀᖭᕫᡞৗ佁䛑ᖬњDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ᖭᕫᡞৗ仃䛑ᖬњDŽ
Tāmen máng de bǎ chī fàn dōu wàng le.
d. Ҫ体ᕫᡞ低ᄤ䛑ৗᅠњDŽ
Ҫ仧ᕫᡞ仗ᄤ䛑ৗᅠњDŽ
Tā è de bǎ jiǎozi dōu chīwán le.
e. Ҫଅᕫ஧ᄤ䛑⮐њDŽ
Tā chàng de sǎngzi dōu téng le.
f. Ҫ䍄ᕫ㝓䛑㚓њDŽ
Ҫ䍄ᕫ㝓䛑㜿њDŽ
Tā zǒu de tuǐ dōu zhing le.
g. Ҫৗᕫ䛑䍄ϡࢩњDŽ
Ҫৗᕫ䛑䍄ϡࡼњDŽ
Tā chī de dōu zǒubudòng le.
h. 䖭ᴀк᳝ᛣᗱᕫ៥ㅔⳈ䛑ᬒϡϟDŽ
䗭ᴀ᳌᳝ᛣᗱᕫ៥ㇵⳈ䛑ᬒϡϟDŽ
Zhè běn shū yǒu yì sī de wǒ jiǎnzhí dōu fàngbùxià.

8 a. ៥᭄ᄺᏆ㒣໡дᅠњDŽ
៥ᭌᅌᏆ㍧ᕽ㖦ᅠњDŽ
Wǒ shùxué yǐjing fùxí wán le.
b. ៥࣪ᄺ䖬≵ᄺᅠDŽ
៥࣪ᅌ䙘≦ᅌᅠDŽ
Wǒ huàxué hái méi xuéwán.
c. ࣪ᄺ݀ᓣˈ៥ᗢМ䆄г䆄ϡԣDŽ
࣪ᅌ݀ᓣˈ៥ᗢ咑㿬г㿬ϡԣDŽ
Huàxué gōngshì, wǒ zěnme jì yě jìbuzhù.
d. 㣅᭛䆫៥ⳟϡពDŽ
㣅᭛䀽៥ⳟϡពDŽ
Yīngwén shī wǒ kànbudǒng.
e. ៥Ꮖ㒣ᡞ㣅᭛䆡∛䛑ᄺӮњDŽ
៥Ꮖ㍧ᡞ㣅᭛䀲ᔭ䛑ᅌ᳗њDŽ
Wǒ yǐjing bǎ Yīngwén cíhuì dōu xuéhuì le.
f. ៥㋻ᓴᕫⴵϡⴔгৗϡϟDŽ
៥㎞ᔉᕫⴵϡ㨫гৗϡϟDŽ
Wǒ jǐnzhāng de shuìbuzháo yě chībuxià.
g. ៥ᗢМⴵгⴵϡⴔDŽ
៥ᗢ咑ⴵгⴵϡ㨫DŽ
Wǒ zěnme shuì yě shuì bùzháo.
h. ៥㌃ᕫ䛑ᄺϡњњDŽ
៥㌃ᕫ䛑ᅌϡњњDŽ
Wǒ lèi de dōu xuébuliǎo le.

296
Answer key

9 a. Homework
b. Bath
c. Dinner
d. 10 French sentences: Check the sentences. If there are errors, Lao da needs to
rewrite them.
e. Dictionary: Look for the dictionary for Lao’er. If the nanny can’t fi nd it,
purchase one online.
f. T-shirt: Hand wash it first. If it doesn’t get clean, throw the T-shirt into
the washer.
g. Soup: If there is leftover soup, put it in the refrigerator.
h. Phone call: Call Mrs. Peng if anything comes up. If Mrs. Peng does not
answer the phone, leave a message.

33 Making comparisons

1 a. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔḋ催DŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔῷ催DŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì yīyàng gāo.
b. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽㘾ᯢDŽ
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽㙄ᯢDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì cōngming.
c. ਼߽≦᳝⥟ᯢᖿDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng kuài.
d. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ᏙDŽ
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ᏹDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì shuài.
e. ਼߽≦᳝⥟ᯢ⫼ࡳDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng yònggōng.
f. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔḋ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔῷ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì yīyàng yǒu yìsi.
g. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ឦDŽ
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽៊DŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì lǎn.
h. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢ੠⇨DŽ
਼߽≦᳝⥟ᯢ੠⇷DŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng héqì.
i. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽⯺DŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì shòu.
j. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔḋ催݈DŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔῷ催㟜DŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì yīyàng gāoxìng.

297
ANSWER KEY

2 a. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔḋ㘾ᯢ৫˛
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔῷ㙄ᯢ஢˛
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì yīyàng cōngming ma?
b. ਼߽↨⥟ᯢ催৫˛
਼߽↨⥟ᯢ催஢˛
Zhōu Lì bǐ Wáng Míng gāo ma?
c. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ឦ৫˛
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽៊஢˛
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì lǎn ma?
d. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔḋ᳝ᛣᗱ৫˛
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ϔῷ᳝ᛣᗱ஢˛
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì yīyàng yǒu yìsī ma?
e. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽Ꮩ৫˛
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ᏹ஢˛
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì shuài ma?

3 a. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ଅ℠ଅᕫདDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì chàng gē chàng de hǎo.
b. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽‫∝ݭ‬ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᕫདDŽ
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ᆿ⓶ᄫᆿᕫདDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì xiě Hàn zì xiě de hǎo.
c. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽‫خ‬џ‫خ‬ᕫᖿDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì zuò shì zuò de kuài.
d. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽‫خ‬㦰‫خ‬ᕫདDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì zuò cài zuò de hǎo.
e. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽䇈㣅೑䆱䇈ᕫདDŽ
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽䁾㣅೟䁅䁾ᕫདDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì shuō Yīngguó huà shuō de hǎo.
f. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽䏇㟲䏇ᕫདDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì tiào wǔ tiào de hǎo.
g. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ᄺᕫ໮DŽ
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ᅌᕫ໮DŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì xué de duō.
h. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ⳟкⳟᕫ໮DŽ
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ⳟ᳌ⳟᕫ໮DŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì kàn shū kàn de duō.
i. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ⳟ⬉ᕅⳟᕫ໮DŽ
⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ⳟ䳏ᕅⳟᕫ໮DŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì kàn diànyǐng kàn de duō.
j. ⥟ᯢ↨਼߽ᠧ⧗ᠧᕫདDŽ
Wáng Míng bǐ Zhōu Lì dǎ qiú dǎ de hǎo.

298
Answer key

4 a. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢଅ℠ଅᕫདDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng chàng gē chàng de hǎo.
b. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢ‫∝ݭ‬ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᕫདDŽ
਼߽≦᳝⥟ᯢᆿ⓶ᄫᆿᕫདDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng xiě Hàn zì xiě de hǎo.
c. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢ‫خ‬џ‫خ‬ᕫᖿDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng zuò shì zuò de kuài.
d. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢ‫خ‬㦰‫خ‬ᕫདDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng zuò cài zuò de hǎo.
e. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢ䇈㣅೑䆱䇈ᕫདDŽ
਼߽≦᳝⥟ᯢ䁾㣅೟䁅䁾ᕫདDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng shuō Yīngguó huà shuō de hǎo.
f. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢ䏇㟲䏇ᕫདDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng tiào wǔ tiào de hǎo.
g. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢᄺᕫ໮DŽ
਼߽≦᳝⥟ᯢᅌᕫ໮DŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng xué de duō.
h. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢⳟкⳟᕫ໮DŽ
਼߽≦᳝⥟ᯢⳟ᳌ⳟᕫ໮DŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng kàn shū kàn de duō.
i. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢⳟ⬉ᕅⳟᕫ໮DŽ
਼߽≦᳝⥟ᯢⳟ䳏ᕅⳟᕫ໮DŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng kàn diànyǐng kàn de duō.
j. ਼߽≵᳝⥟ᯢᠧ⧗ᠧᕫདDŽ
Zhōu Lì méi yǒu Wáng Míng dǎ qiú dǎ de hǎo.

5 a. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ଅ℠ଅᕫϔḋདDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ଅ℠ଅᕫϔῷདDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì chàng gē chàng de yīyàng hǎo.
b. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽‫∝ݭ‬ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᕫϔḋདDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ᆿ⓶ᄫᆿᕫϔῷདDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì xiě Hàn zì xiě de yīyàng hǎo.
c. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽‫خ‬џ‫خ‬ᕫϔḋᖿDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽‫خ‬џ‫خ‬ᕫϔῷᖿDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì zuò shì zuò de yīyàng kuài.
d. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽‫خ‬㦰‫خ‬ᕫϔḋདDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽‫خ‬㦰‫خ‬ᕫϔῷདDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì zuò cài zuò de yīyàng hǎo.
e. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽䇈㣅᭛䇈ᕫϔḋདDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽䁾㣅᭛䁾ᕫϔῷདDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì shuō Yīngwén shuō de yīyàng hǎo.

299
ANSWER KEY

f. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽䏇㟲䏇ᕫϔḋདDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽䏇㟲䏇ᕫϔῷདDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì tiàowǔ tiào de yīyàng hǎo.
g. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ᄺᕫϔḋདDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ᅌᕫϔῷདDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì xué de yīyàng hǎo.
h. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ⳟкⳟᕫϔḋ໮DŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ⳟ᳌ⳟᕫϔῷ໮DŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì kàn shū kàn de yīyàng duō.
i. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ⳟ⬉ᕅⳟᕫϔḋ໮DŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ⳟ䳏ᕅⳟᕫϔῷ໮DŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì kàn diànyǐng kàn de yīyàng duō.
j. ⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ᠧ⧗ᠧᕫϔḋདDŽ
⥟ᯢ䎳਼߽ᠧ⧗ᠧᕫϔῷདDŽ
Wáng Míng gēn Zhōu Lì dǎ qiú dǎ de yīyàng hǎo.
6 a. Zhou Li is two years older than Wang Ming. b. Zhou Li’s car is (worth) $5,000
more than Wang Ming’s. c. Zhou Li’s car is a little bigger than Wang Ming’s. d. Lin
Weixue’s car is even bigger. e. This book is much more expensive than that one.
f. Zhou Li eats much more than Wang Ming does. g. Lin Weixue eats the most.
h. Wang Ming does not write characters as nice looking as Zhou Li does. i. Wang
Ming doesn’t like to watch movies as much as Zhou Li does.
7 a. ਼߽ⱘ㭾∈↨⥟ᯢⱘ㭾∈໮ϔ‫ס‬DŽ
Zhōu Lì de xīnshui bǐ Wáng Míng de xīnshui duō yībèi.
b. ਼߽ⱘ᳟ট↨⥟ᯢⱘ᳟ট໮ᕫ໮DŽ
Zhōu Lì de péng you bǐ Wáng Míng de péngyou duō de duō.
c. ਼߽↨⥟ᯢ催ϔ⚍DŽ
਼߽↨⥟ᯢ催ϔ咲DŽ
Zhōu Lì bǐ Wáng Míng gāo yīdiǎn.
d. ᵫӳᄺ↨਼߽᳈催DŽ
ᵫ‫؝‬ᅌ↨਼߽᳈催DŽ
Lín Wěixué bǐ Zhōu Lì gèng gāo.
e. ⥟ᯢ‫∝ݭ‬ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᕫ᳔ⓖ҂DŽ
⥟ᯢᆿ⓶ᄫᆿᕫ᳔ⓖ҂DŽ
Wáng Míng xiě Hàn zì xiě de zuì piàoliang.
8 a. ៥ᓳᓳ‫خ‬џ↨៥‫خ‬ᕫᖿDŽ
៥ᓳᓳ‫خ‬џ↨៥‫خ‬ᕫᖿDŽ
Wǒ dìdi zuò shì bǐ wǒ zuò de kuài.
b. ៥ᓳᓳৗ佁↨៥ৗᕫ໮ᕫ໮DŽ
៥ᓳᓳৗ仃↨៥ৗᕫ໮ᕫ໮DŽ
Wǒ dìdi chī fàn bǐ wǒ chī de duō de duō.

300
Answer key

c. ៥ᓳᓳ䌮䪅䌮ᕫ↨៥ᇥDŽ
៥ᓳᓳ䋎䣶䋎ᕫ↨៥ᇥDŽ
Wǒ dìdi zhuàn qián zhuàn de bǐ wǒ shǎo.
d. ៥䌮ⱘ䪅↨Ҫ໮ᕫ໮DŽ
៥䋎ⱘ䣶↨Ҫ໮ᕫ໮DŽ
Wǒ zhuàn de qián bǐ tā duō de duō.
e. ៥↨៥ᓳᓳ໻कϔቕDŽ
៥↨៥ᓳᓳ໻कϔⅆDŽ
Wǒ bǐ wǒ dìdi dà shíyī suì.
f. 䖭Ͼ⬉ᕅ≵᳝䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
䗭‫ן‬䳏ᕅ≦᳝䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Zhège diànyǐng méi yǒu nèige diànyǐng yǒu yìsi.
g. ៥᳔୰⃶䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥᳔୰ℵ䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ zuì xǐhuan nèige diànyǐng.
h. 䖭ᴀк↨䙷ᴀ䌉ϔ‫ס‬DŽ
䗭ᴀ᳌↨䙷ᴀ䊈ϔ‫ס‬DŽ
Zhè běn shū bǐ nà běn guì yī bèi.

9 a. There are quite a lot of new words in this lesson. b. All the courses I am taking
this semester are relatively easy. c. Learning Japanese is not as good as learning
Chinese. d. This kind of dictionary is relatively difficult to buy.
e. He thinks no one is better than he. f. That student studies rather hard.

10 a. Ё೑ⱘ᠓ᄤ໮ᇥ䪅˛
Ё೟ⱘ᠓ᄤ໮ᇥ䣶˛
Zhōngguó de fángzi duōshǎo qián?
b. (i) ජ໪༈ⱘ᠓ᄤ≵᳝ජ䞠༈ⱘ᠓ᄤ䌉DŽ
ජ໪丁ⱘ᠓ᄤ≦᳝ජ㺣丁ⱘ᠓ᄤ䊈DŽ
Chéng wàitou de fángzi méi yǒu chéng lǐtou de fángzi guì.
(ii) ජ໪༈ⱘ᠓ᄤг↨ජ䞠༈ⱘ᠓ᄤ໻DŽ
ජ໪丁ⱘ᠓ᄤг↨ජ㺣丁ⱘ᠓ᄤ໻DŽ
Chéng wàitou de fángzi yě bǐ chéng lǐtou de fángzi dà.
(iii) ϡ䖛ˈԣ೼ජ໪༈≵᳝ԣ೼ජ䞠༈䙷Мᮍ֓DŽ
ϡ䘢ˈԣ೼ජ໪丁≦᳝ԣ೼ජ㺣丁䙷咑ᮍ֓DŽ
Bùguò, zhù zài chéng wàitou méi yǒu zhù zài chéng lǐtou nàme
fāngbiàn.
c. 㽕ᰃ៥фජ䞠ⱘ᠓ᄤˈા⾡᠓ᄤᰃ᳔֓ᅰⱘ˛
㽕ᰃ៥䊋ජ㺣ⱘ᠓ᄤˈા。᠓ᄤᰃ᳔֓ᅰⱘ˛
Yàoshi wǒ mǎi chéng lǐ de fángzi, nǎ zhing fángzi shì zuì piányi de?
d. (i) ᳱफⱘ᠓ᄤ↨ᳱ࣫ⱘ᠓ᄤ䌉DŽ
ᳱफⱘ᠓ᄤ↨ᳱ࣫ⱘ᠓ᄤ䊈DŽ
Cháo nán de fángzi bǐ cháo běi de fángzi guì.

301
ANSWER KEY

(ii) ᳱϰⱘ᠓ᄤ↨ᳱ㽓ⱘ᠓ᄤ֓ᅰϔ⚍DŽ
ᳱᵅⱘ᠓ᄤ↨ᳱ㽓ⱘ᠓ᄤ֓ᅰϔ咲DŽ
Cháo dōng de fángzi bǐ cháo xī de fángzi piányi yīdiǎn.

11 a. 㕢བ Měirú; 㕢㢌/㕢㬧 Měiyún; ϝቕ/ϝⅆ sān suì

b. 㕢བ੠㕢㢌ϔḋ催DŽ/ 㕢བ੠㕢㬧ϔῷ催DŽ/ Měirú hé Měiyún yīyang gāo.
c. 㕢བᓔ䔺ᓔᕫ↨㕢㢌ད໮њ / 㕢བ䭟䒞䭟ᕫ↨㕢㬧ད໮њ / Měirú kāi chē kāi
de bǐ Měiyún hǎo duō le.
d. 㕢བⱘ៤㒽≵᳝㕢㢌ད / 㕢བⱘ៤㐒≵᳝㕢㬧ད / Měirú de chéngjì
méi yǒu Měiyún hǎo.
e. 㕢㢌ϡ䈵ཛྷཛྷˈ䎳⠌⠌↨䕗䈵DŽ/ 㕢㬧ϡ‫ڣ‬႑႑ˈ䎳⠌⠌↨䓗‫ڣ‬DŽ/ Měiyún
bù xiàng māma, gēn bàba bǐjiào xiàng.
12 (Free response.)

34 Talking about the present

1 a. ⥟ᯢҞᑈᄺЁ᭛DŽ
⥟ᯢҞᑈᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Wáng Míng jīnnián xué Zhōngwén.
Wang Ming is studying Chinese this year.
b. ⥟ᯢ䖭Ͼ᳜ᬒ‫؛‬DŽ
⥟ᯢ䗭‫ן‬᳜ᬒ‫؛‬DŽ
Wáng Míng zhège yuè fang jià.
Wang Ming has vacation this month.
c. ⥟ᯢ䖭Ͼ᯳ᳳ೼ᛣ໻߽ᮙ㸠DŽ
⥟ᯢ䗭‫ן‬᯳ᳳ೼ᛣ໻߽ᮙ㸠DŽ
Wáng Míng zhège xīngqī zài Yìdàlì lǚxíng.
Wang Ming is traveling in Italy this week.
d. ⥟ᯢ⦄೼䎳᳟টৗ佁DŽ
⥟ᯢ⧒೼䎳᳟টৗ仃DŽ
Wáng Míng xiànzài gēn péng yǒu chī fàn.
Wang Ming is eating with his friends now.
e. ⥟ᯢ⦄೼೼⋫╵DŽ
⥟ᯢ⧒೼೼⋫╵DŽ
Wáng Míng xiànzài zài xǐ zǎo.
Wang Ming is bathing (now).
2 a. ⥟ᯢ೼ⳟ⬉㾚DŽ
⥟ᯢ೼ⳟ䳏㽪DŽ
Wáng Míng zài kàn diànshì.
b. ਼߽೼ଅ℠DŽ
Zhōu Lì zài chàng gē.

302
Answer key

c. ᵫӳᄺ೼ᠧ⧗DŽ
ᵫ‫؝‬ᅌ೼ᠧ⧗DŽ
Lín Wěixué zài dǎ qiú.
d. ૤⥿⦆೼‫ֵݭ‬DŽ
૤⥿⦆೼ᆿֵDŽ
Táng Méilíng zài xiě xìn.

3 a. There is a person standing outside of the door. b. There are a lot of books
placed on the desk. c. The child is lying in bed. d. There are many patients
waiting in the hospital. e. There are many students sitting in the classroom.
4 a. ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣ৗњϝकϾ低ᄤњDŽ
⥟ᯢᏆ㍧ৗњϝक‫ן‬仗ᄤњDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing chī le sānshí gè jiǎozi le.
b. ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣䍄њѨ䞠䏃њDŽ
⥟ᯢᏆ㍧䍄њѨ䞠䏃њDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing zǒu le wǔ lǐ lù le.
c. ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣ᄺњϔⱒϾ∝ᄫњDŽ
⥟ᯢᏆ㍧ᅌњϔⱒ‫⓶ן‬ᄫњDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing xué le yībǎi gè Hàn zì le.
d. ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣ଅњϝ佪℠њDŽ
⥟ᯢᏆ㍧ଅњϝ佪℠њDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing chàng le sān shǒu gē le.
e. ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣ⴵњकϾᇣᯊњDŽ
⥟ᯢᏆ㍧ⴵњक‫ן‬ᇣᰖњDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing shuì le shí gè xiǎoshí le.
5 a. I am a senior in college. b. I am presently writing my senior thesis on the
economic conditions of modern China. c. I am applying to the economics
department at your university for admission to your graduate program in
economics. d. I am particularly interested in economics and would like to study
for a doctoral degree. e. At present, I am in the process of conducting market
research for my thesis. f. At the same time, I am preparing to take the TOEFL
exam. g. Please let me know what credentials you expect to find in your
successful applicants. h. Also, please inform me of any financial assistance that
may be available for foreign graduate students.
6 a. ᒪ‫⫳ܜ‬೼㒑㑺ԣњϝकᑈњDŽҪ㞾ᏅᰃϔϾ᳝ৡⱘ⬏ᆊDŽ⦄೼ᰃ㒑㑺ϝϾ⬏ᒞ
ⱘ㗕ᵓDŽ
ᒪ‫⫳ܜ‬೼㋤㋘ԣњϝकᑈњDŽҪ㞾Ꮕᰃϔ‫ן‬᳝ৡⱘ⬿ᆊDŽ⧒೼ᰃ㋤㋘ϝ‫⬿ן‬ᒞ
ⱘ㗕䮚DŽ
Liào xiānsheng zài Niǔyuē zhù le sānshí nián le. Tā zìjǐ shì yī ge yǒumíng
de huàjiā. Xiànzài shì Niǔyuē sān ge huàláng de lǎobǎn.

303
ANSWER KEY

b. Yamaguchi ᬭᥜᬭЁ೑᭛ᄺᏆ㒣ᬭњѠक໮ᑈњDŽⳂࠡ೼㒑㑺໻ᄺᬭкDŽ
Ҫ‫ݭ‬њѨᴀ݇ѢЁ೑᭛ᄺ੠ग़৆ⱘкˈ⦄೼ℷ೼‫ݭ‬㄀݁ᴀDŽ
Yamaguchi ᬭᥜᬭЁ೟᭛ᅌᏆ㍧ᬭњѠक໮ᑈњDŽⳂࠡ೼㋤㋘໻ᅌᬭ᳌DŽ
ҪᆿњѨᴀ䮰ᮐЁ೟᭛ᅌ੠⅋৆ⱘ᳌ˈ⧒೼ℷ೼ᆿ㄀݁ᴀDŽ
Yamaguchi jiàoshòu jiāo Zhōngguó wénxué yǐjīng jiāo le èrshíduō nián
le. Mùqián zài Niǔyuē Dàxué jiāoshū. Tā xiě le wǔ běn guānyú Zhōngguó
wénxué hé lìshǐ de shū, xiànzài zhèngzài xiě dì liù běn.
c. Simon ᇣྤᄺњϗᑈ໮ⱘЁ᭛њDŽⳂࠡℷ೼㒑㑺໻ᄺᄺд㡎ᴃ৆DŽ
Simon ᇣྤᅌњϗᑈ໮ⱘЁ᭛њDŽⳂࠡℷ೼㋤㋘໻ᅌᅌ㖦㮱㸧৆DŽ
Simon xiǎojie xué le qī nián duō Zhōngwén le. Mùqián zhèngzài Niǔyuē
Dàxué xuéxí yìshù shǐ.

35 Talking about habitual actions

1 a. ៥ᐌᐌᮽϞ䎥ℹDŽ
Wǒ chángcháng zǎoshang pǎo bù.
b. ҪӀ㒣ᐌৗЁ೑佁DŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬㍧ᐌৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Tāmen jīngcháng chī Zhōngguó fàn.
c. ៥ᑇᐌϗ⚍䩳ৗᰮ佁DŽ
៥ᑇᐌϗ咲䧬ৗᰮ仃DŽ
Wǒ píngcháng qīdiǎn zhōng chī wǎnfàn.
d. ҹࠡ៥Ӏᘏᰃএ⊩೑ᮙ㸠DŽ
ҹࠡ៥‫ץ‬㐑ᰃএ⊩೟ᮙ㸠DŽ
Yǐqián wǒmen zǒngshì qù Fǎguó lǚxíng.
e. ៥ᘏᰃᮽϞୱ੪ଵDŽ
៥㐑ᰃᮽϞୱ੪ଵDŽ
Wǒ zǒngshì zǎoshang hē kāfēi.
f. ៥Ӏᐌᐌϟ⧁ҹৢᠧ㔥⧗DŽ
៥‫ץ‬ᐌᐌϟ⧁ҹᕠᠧ㎆⧗DŽ
Wǒmen chángcháng xià bān yǐhòu dǎ wǎngqiú.
g. Դᐌᐌ೼䙷Ͼ佁佚ৗ佁৫˛
Դᐌᐌ೼䙷‫ן‬仃仼ৗ仃஢˛
Nǐ chángcháng zài nàge fànguǎn chī fàn ma?
h. ៥㒣ᐌⳟ䙷Ͼ⬉㾚㡖ⳂDŽ
៥㍧ᐌⳟ䙷‫ן‬䳏㽪㆔ⳂDŽ
Wǒ jīngcháng kàn nàge diànshì jiémù.
i. ៥㗕ᰮϞ䘯⢫DŽ
Wǒ lǎo wǎnshang liù gǒu.
j. ៥↣᯳ᳳ䛑ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥↣᯳ᳳ䛑ⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ měi xīngqī dōu kàn diànyǐng.

304
Answer key

2 a. 䰸њ਼᳿ҹ໪៥↣໽䛑Ϟ䇒DŽ
䰸њ䘅᳿ҹ໪៥↣໽䛑Ϟ䂆DŽ
Chúle zhōumò yǐwài wǒ měitiān dōu shàng kè.
b. ↣໽ᮽ᰼ܿ⚍ञϞ䇒DŽ
↣໽ᮽ᰼ܿ咲ञϞ䂆DŽ
Měitiān zǎochén bādiǎn bàn shàng kè.
c. ៥Ӏᑇᐌϟजಯ⚍ϟ䇒ˈৃᰃ᯳ᳳѨϔ⚍ህϟ䇒DŽ
៥‫ץ‬ᑇᐌϟजಯ咲ϟ䂆ˈৃᰃ᯳ᳳѨϔ咲ህϟ䂆DŽ
Wǒmen píngcháng xiàwǔ sìdiǎn xià kè, kěshì xīngqī wǔ yīdiǎn jiù xià
kè.
d. ↣Ͼ᯳ᳳѨϟज៥೼ए䰶䞠Ꮉ԰DŽ
↣‫ן‬᯳ᳳѨϟज៥೼䝿䰶㺣Ꮉ԰DŽ
Měi gè xīngqīwǔ xiàwǔ wǒ zài yīyuàn lǐ gōngzuò.
e. ᯳ᳳ݁ϟज໽⇨དⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬៥㒣ᐌ೼݀ು䞠ᬷℹDŽ
᯳ᳳ݁ϟज໽⇷དⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬៥㍧ᐌ೼݀೦㺣ᬷℹDŽ
Xīngqī liù xiàwǔ tiānqì hǎo de shíhou, wǒ jīngcháng zài gōngyuán lǐ sàn
bù.
f. ᯳ᳳ݁ᰮϞ៥䛑䎳᳟টএⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
᯳ᳳ݁ᰮϞ៥䛑䎳᳟টএⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Xīngqī liù wǎnshang wǒ dōu gēn péngyou qù kàn diànyǐng.
g. ៥᯳ᳳ໽ϔ৥䎳ᆊ䞠Ҏࠄ佁佚এৗ佁DŽ
៥᯳ᳳ໽ϔ৥䎳ᆊ㺣Ҏࠄ仃仼এৗ仃DŽ
Wǒ xīngqī tiān yīxiàng gēn jiālǐ rén dào fànguǎn qù chī fàn.
h. ᯳ᳳ᮹៥ᐌᐌ⬭೼ᆓ㟡԰ࡳ䇒DŽ
᯳ᳳ᮹៥ᐌᐌ⬭೼ᆓ㟡԰ࡳ䂆DŽ
Xīngqīrì wǒ chángcháng liú zài sùshè zuò gōngkè.

3 a. Ҫ↣໽ᮽϞϗ⚍ञߎ䮼DŽ
Ҫ↣໽ᮽϞϗ咲ञߎ䭔DŽ
Tā měitiān zǎoshang qīdiǎn bàn chū mén.
b. Ҫᘏᰃ‫ܜ‬೼݀݅≑䔺キᮕ䖍ⱘᑫфϔᵃ੪ଵDŽ
Ҫ㐑ᰃ‫ܜ‬೼݀݅≑䒞キᮕ䙞ⱘᑫ䊋ϔᵃ੪ଵDŽ
Tā zǒngshì zài gōnggòng qìchē zhàn pángbiān de diàn mǎi yī bēi kāfēi.
c. ҪᐌᐌЁजএ‫ع‬䑿᠓DŽ
ҪᐌᐌЁजএ‫ع‬䑿᠓DŽ
Tā chángcháng zhōngwǔ qù jiànshēnfáng.
d. Ҫϟ⧁ҹৢᘏᰃⳈ᥹ಲᆊˈҢᴹϡ䎳ৠџএৗ佁DŽ
Ҫϟ⧁ҹᕠ㐑ᰃⳈ᥹ಲᆊˈᕲ՚ϡ䎳ৠџএৗ仃DŽ
Tā xià bān yǐhòu zǒngshì zhíjiē huí jiā, cónglái bù gēn tóngshì qù chī fàn.
e. Ҫ↣Ͼ᯳ᳳ໽䛑এϔᆊкᑫᠧᎹDŽ
Ҫ↣‫ן‬᯳ᳳ໽䛑এϔᆊ᳌ᑫᠧᎹDŽ
Tā měi ge xīngqītiān dōu qù yī jiā shūdiàn dǎ gōng.

305
ANSWER KEY

4 a. (Free response.)
b. ᘏᰃ/ϔ৥/৥ᴹ/䛑˗Ңᴹ≵
㐑ᰃ/ϔ৥/৥՚/䛑˗ᕲ՚≦
zǒngshì/yīxiàng/xiànglái/dōu; cónglái méi
c. 㗕/ϔ৥/৥ᴹ/䛑
㗕/ϔ৥/৥՚/䛑
lǎo/yīxiàng/xiànglái/dōu
d. 㒣ᐌ/ᯊᐌ
㍧ᐌ/ᰖᐌ
jīngcháng/shícháng
e. (Free response.)

36 Talking about the future

1 a. ԴҞ໽㽕এા‫ܓ‬䏇㟲˛
ԴҞ໽㽕এા‫ܦ‬䏇㟲˛
Nǐ jīntiān yào qù nǎr tiào wǔ?
Where are you going to go to dance today?
b. ҪᇚᴹϔᅮӮ᳝ᕜ໮䪅DŽ
Ҫᇛ՚ϔᅮ᳗᳝ᕜ໮䣶DŽ
Tā jiānglái yīdìng huì yǒu hěn duō qián.
He will definitely have a lot of money in the future.
c. ៥ᯢ໽ᰮϞ䇋Դএⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥ᯢ໽ᰮϞ䂟Դএⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ míngtiān wǎnshang qǐng nǐ qù kàn diànyǐng.
I invite you to watch a movie tomorrow evening.
d. 䇕ᯢᑈএЁ೑ᄺд˛
䂄ᯢᑈএЁ೟ᅌ㖦˛
Shéi míngnián qù Zhōngguó xuéxí?
Who is going to study in China next year?
e. ៥ӀϟϾ᯳ᳳᬒ‫؛‬DŽ
៥‫ץ‬ϟ‫ן‬᯳ᳳᬒ‫؛‬DŽ
Wǒmen xià gè xīngqī fàng jià.
We have vacation next week.
f. ៥ӀᠧㅫϟϾ᳜এᛣ໻߽ᮙ㸠DŽ
៥‫ץ‬ᠧㅫϟ‫ן‬᳜এᛣ໻߽ᮙ㸠DŽ
Wǒmen dǎsuan xià gè yuè qù Yìdàlì lǚxíng.
We are planning to travel in Italy next month.
g. ໽⇨乘᡹䇈ৢ໽Ӯϟ䲾DŽ
໽⇷䷤ฅ䁾ᕠ໽᳗ϟ䲾DŽ
Tiānqì yùbào shuō hòutiān huì xià xuě.
The weather forecast says that it will snow the day after tomorrow.

306
Answer key

h. ៥ᛇᯢ໽ᮽϞ㒭ཊཊᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
៥ᛇᯢ໽ᮽϞ㌺ཊཊᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Wǒ xiǎng míngtiān zǎoshang gěi nǎinai dǎ diànhuà.
I want to call my grandmother tomorrow morning.

2 a. ᖿ kuài b. ‫ ݡ‬zài c. ৃ㛑 kěnéng d. ৃ㛑 kěnéng e. ᜓᛣ/丬ᛣ yuànyì

f. ᠧㅫ dǎsuan g. ᛇ xiǎng h. ‫ ݡ‬zài

3 a. ៥Ҟ໽ϟज㽕䎳៥ⱘৠሟ‫׳‬䪅DŽ
៥Ҟ໽ϟज㽕䎳៥ⱘৠሟ‫׳‬䣶DŽ
Wǒ jīntiān xiàwǔ yào gēn wǒ de tóngwū jiè qián.
b. ᯢ໽ᮽϞ៥㽕㒭៥ⱘཇ᳟টф⫳᮹⼐⠽DŽ
ᯢ໽ᮽϞ៥㽕㌺៥ⱘཇ᳟ট䊋⫳᮹⾂⠽DŽ
Míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yào gěi wǒ de nǚ péngyou mǎi shēngri lǐwù.
c. ৢ໽៥㽕೼佁佚ᅮԡᄤDŽ
ᕠ໽៥㽕೼仃仼ᅮԡᄤDŽ
Hòutiān wǒ yào zài fànguǎn dìng wèizi.
d. ϟ᯳ᳳ៥㽕䖬ৠሟⱘ䪅DŽ
ϟ᯳ᳳ៥㽕䙘ৠሟⱘ䣶DŽ
Xià xīngqī wǒ yào huán tóngwū de qián.
e. ៥ϟ᯳ᳳѠ㽕‫ݡ‬䎳ৠሟ‫׳‬䪅DŽ
៥ϟ᯳ᳳѠ㽕‫ݡ‬䎳ৠሟ‫׳‬䣶DŽ
Wǒ xià xīngqī’èr yào zài gēn tóngwū jiè qián.
f. ៥ϟϾ᳜ϔᅮᕫᡒᎹ԰DŽ
៥ϟ‫ן‬᳜ϔᅮᕫᡒᎹ԰DŽ
Wǒ xià gè yuè yīdìng děi zhǎo gōngzuò.

4 a. Ҟ໽ϟजϸ⚍ञ/Ҟ໽ϟजܽ咲ञ jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn bàn

b. জ yòu
c. ᠧㅫ dǎsuàn
d. 䎳䰜‫⫳ܜ‬ৗज佁DŽ/ 䎳䱇‫⫳ܜ‬ৗज仃DŽGēn Chén xiānsheng chī wǔfàn.
e. ϟजϸ⚍ञ/ϟजܽ咲ञ xiàwǔ liǎng diǎn bàn
f. ৃ㛑 kěnéng
g. ᜓᛣϡᜓᛣ/丬ᛣϡ丬ᛣ yuànyì bù yuànyì
h. ৢ໽/ᕠ໽ hòutiān
i. ৢ໽ϟजϔ⚍ञ/ᕠ໽ϟजϔ咲ञ hòutiān xiàwǔ yī diǎn bàn
j. Ϟज shàngwǔ
k. ϟजಯ⚍/ϟजಯ咲 xiàwǔ sìdiǎn
l. ‫ޚ‬໛/⑪‫ ٭‬zhǔnbèi
m. 㽕 yào

307
ANSWER KEY

37 Indicating completion and talking about the past

1 a. ៥હહϞϾ᳜фњϔᷟ᠓ᄤDŽ
៥હહϞ‫ן‬᳜䊋њϔẳ᠓ᄤDŽ
Wǒ gēgē shàng gè yuè mǎi le yī dòng fángzi.
b. ϞϾ᯳ᳳҪ䇋њϔѯ᳟টᴹҪᆊৗᰮ佁DŽ
Ϟ‫ן‬᯳ᳳҪ䂟њϔѯ᳟ট՚Ҫᆊৗᰮ仃DŽ
Shàng gè xīngqī tā qǐng le yī xiē péng you lái tā jiā chī wǎnfàn.
c. Ҫ‫خ‬њѨϾ㦰DŽ
Ҫ‫خ‬њѨ‫ן‬㦰DŽ
Tā zuò le wǔ gè cài.
d. Ҫг‫خ‬њϔϾ∸DŽ
Ҫг‫خ‬њϔ‫⑃ן‬DŽ
Tā yě zuò le yī gè tāng.
e. Ҫⱘ᳟ট䗕㌺Ҫϔ⫊䜦DŽ
Tā de péng you sòng gěi tā yī píng jiǔ.
f. ҪӀᡞ佁ৗњˈᡞ䜦ୱњDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ᡞ仃ৗњˈᡞ䜦ୱњDŽ
Tāmen bǎ fàn chī le, bǎ jiǔ hē le.
2 a. ᅶҎࠄњҹৢˈ៥હહህ䇋ҪӀୱ㤊DŽ
ᅶҎࠄњҹᕠˈ៥હહህ䂟Ҫ‫ץ‬ୱ㤊DŽ
Kèren dào le yǐhòu, wǒ gēgē jiù qǐng tāmen hē chá.
b. ҪӀୱњ㤊ҹৢˈ៥હહህ䇋ҪӀৗᰮ佁DŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ୱњ㤊ҹᕠˈ៥હહህ䂟Ҫ‫ץ‬ৗᰮ仃DŽ
Tāmen hē le chá yǐhòu, wǒ gēgē jiù qǐng tāmen chī wǎnfàn.
c. ৗњᰮ佁ҹৢˈҪӀ䛑ଅњϔѯ℠DŽ
ৗњᰮ仃ҹᕠˈҪ‫ץ‬䛑ଅњϔѯ℠DŽ
Chī le wǎnfàn yǐhòu, tāmen dōu chàng le yī xiē gē.
d. ଅњ℠ҹৢˈҪӀህಲᆊњDŽ
ଅњ℠ҹᕠˈҪ‫ץ‬ህಲᆊњDŽ
Chàng le gē yǐhòu, tāmen jiù huí jiā le.
e. ҪӀ⾏ᓔњҹৢˈહહህᓔྟ⋫ⲬᄤDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬䲶䭟њҹᕠˈહહህ䭟ྟ⋫ⲸᄤDŽ
Tāmen líkāi le yǐhòu, gēgē jiù kāishǐ xǐ pánzi.
f. ⋫њⲬᄤҹৢˈҪህএⴵ㾝њDŽ
⋫њⲸᄤҹᕠˈҪህএⴵ㾎њDŽ
Xǐ le pánzi yǐhòu, tā jiù qù shuì jiào le.
3 a. ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣䗝䇒њDŽ
⥟ᯢᏆ㍧䙌䂆њDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing xuǎn kè le.
b. ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣ф㒗дᴀњDŽ
⥟ᯢᏆ㍧䊋㏈㖦ᴀњDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing mǎi liànxíběn le.
308
Answer key

c. ⥟ᯢᏆ㒣Ҭᄺ䌍њDŽ
⥟ᯢᏆ㍧Ҭᅌ䊏њDŽ
Wáng Míng yǐjing fù xuéfèi le.
d. ⥟ᯢ䖬≵ф䇒ᴀਸ਼DŽ
⥟ᯢ䙘≦䊋䂆ᴀਸ਼DŽ
Wáng Míng hái méi mǎi kèběn ne.
e. ⥟ᯢ䖬≵໡д∝ᄫਸ਼DŽ
⥟ᯢ䙘≦ᕽ㖦⓶ᄫਸ਼DŽ
Wáng Míng hái méi fùxí Hàn zì ne.
f. ⥟ᯢ䖬≵ᡒᬭᅸਸ਼DŽ
⥟ᯢ䙘≦ᡒᬭᅸਸ਼DŽ
Wáng Míng hái méi zhǎo jiàoshì ne.

4 a. Դᬊᣒሟᄤњ৫˛
Դᬊᣒሟᄤњ஢˛
Nǐ shōushi wūzi le ma?
b. Դ‫خ‬԰Ϯњ৫˛
Դ‫خ‬԰ὁњ஢˛
Nǐ zuò zuòyè le ma?
c. Դ‫ݭ‬ᅠ԰᭛њ৫˛
Դᆿᅠ԰᭛њ஢˛
Nǐ xiě wán zuòwén le ma?
d. ԴᡒᎹ԰њ৫˛
ԴᡒᎹ԰њ஢˛
Nǐ zhǎo gōngzuò le ma?
e. Դ䗝䇒њ৫˛
Դ䙌䂆њ஢˛
Nǐ xuǎn kè le ma?
f. Դф䇒ᴀњ৫˛
Դ䊋䂆ᴀњ஢˛
Nǐ mǎi kèběn le ma?

5 a. ៥⠊↡জএ᮹ᴀњDŽ
Wǒ fùmǔ yòu qù Rìběn le.
My parents went to Japan again.
b. Դজߎ䫭䇃њDŽ
Դজߎ䤃䁸њDŽ
Nǐ yòu chū cuòwù le.
You made a mistake again.
c. ៥জ㒭њҪѠकഫ䪅DŽ
៥জ㌺њҪѠकพ䣶DŽ
Wǒ yòu gěi le tā èrshí kuài qián.
I gave him another $20.

309
ANSWER KEY

d. ៥জ䎳᳟টⳟњ䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥জ䎳᳟টⳟњ䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ yòu gēn péng you kàn le nàge diànyǐng.
I saw the movie with friends again.
e. ៥জᠧ㇂⧗њDŽ
៥জᠧ㈗⧗њDŽ
Wǒ yòu dǎ lánqiú le.
I played basketball again.
f. ៥জ㒭ཌྷᠧ⬉䆱њDŽ
៥জ㌺ཌྷᠧ䳏䁅њDŽ
Wǒ yòu gěi tā dǎ diànhuà le.
I gave her another phone call. (I called her on the phone again.)

6 a. ៥≵᳝ⳟ䖛Ё೑⬉ᕅDŽ
៥≦᳝ⳟ䘢Ё೟䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ méi yǒu kànguò Zhōngguó diànyǐng.
b. ៥Ҟᑈ≵᳝Ẕᶹ䖛䑿ԧDŽ
៥Ҟᑈ≦᳝⁶ᶹ䘢䑿储DŽ
Wǒ jīnnián méi yǒu jiǎncháguò shēntǐ.
c. ៥ ᄺ䖛 㣅᭛ DŽ
៥ ᅌ䘢 㣅᭛ DŽ
(Wǒ) xuéguò (Yīngwén).
d. ៥гҢᴹ≵ৗ䖛䖭Ͼ㦰DŽ
៥гᕲ՚≦ৗ䘢䗭‫ן‬㦰DŽ
Wǒ yě cónglái méi chīguò zhège cài.
e. ៥≵᳝ⳟ䖛䖭ᴀкDŽ
៥≦᳝ⳟ䘢䗭ᴀ᳌DŽ
Wǒ méi yǒu kànguo zhè běn shū.
f. ៥ᄺ䖛㒣⌢ᄺDŽ
៥ᅌ䘢㍧△ᅌDŽ
Wǒ xuéguò jīngjìxué.
g. ៥䖬≵ଅ䖛वᢝ OKDŽ
៥䙘≦ଅ䘢वᢝ OKDŽ
Wǒ hái méi chàngguo kǎlā OK.
h. ៥ৗ䖛᮹ᴀ佁DŽ
៥ৗ䘢᮹ᴀ仃DŽ
Wǒ chīguò Rìběn fàn.
7 a. 䖛/䘢 guo or њ le b. 䖛/䘢 guo, њ le c. 䖛/䘢 guo d. њ le [䖛њ/䘢њ
guo le], њ le e. 䖛/䘢 guo
8 a. Ҫҹࠡ Ңࠡ/ᕲࠡ ᰃ៥ⱘ⬋᳟টDŽ
Tā yǐqián (cóngqián) shì wǒ de nán péngyou.

310
Answer key

b. ៥ҹࠡ Ңࠡ/ᕲࠡ ↣໽ᮽϞ䛑ୱ੪ଵDŽ

Wǒ yǐqián (cóngqián) měitiān zǎoshang dōu hē kāfēi.
c. ៥ᇣⱘᯊ‫׭‬ᕜ୰⃶䇈䆱DŽ
៥ᇣⱘᰖ‫׭‬ᕜ୰ℵ䁾䁅DŽ
Wǒ xiǎo de shíhou hěn xǐhuan shuō huà.
d. ϔб݁Ѡᑈⱘᯊ‫⊍≑ˈ׭‬ϔ↯бϔࡴҥDŽ
ϔб݁Ѡᑈⱘᰖ‫⊍≑ˈ׭‬ϔ↯бϔࡴժDŽ
Yī jiǔ liù èr nián de shíhou, qìyóu yī máo jiǔ yī jiālún.
e. ҹࠡ Ңࠡ 䖭䞠ᰃ݀ುDŽ
ҹࠡ ᕲࠡ 䗭㺣ᰃ݀೦DŽ
Yǐqián (cóngqián) zhèli shì gōngyuán.
f. ҹࠡ Ңࠡ ៥ᇍЁ೑ϡᛳ݈䍷DŽ
ҹࠡ ᕲࠡ ៥ᇡЁ೟ϡᛳ㟜䍷DŽ
Yǐqián (cóngqián) wǒ duì Zhōngguó bù gǎn xìngqù.

9 a. ҪӀᰃϔбϗ䳊ᑈ㒧ⱘီDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ᰃϔбϗ䳊ᑈ㌤ⱘီDŽ
Tāmen shì yī jiǔ qī líng nián jié de hūn.
b. ៥Ӏᰃ೼Ё೑䅸䆚ⱘDŽ
៥‫ץ‬ᰃ೼Ё೟䁡䄬ⱘDŽ
Wǒmen shì zài Zhōngguó rènshi de.
c. ᓳᓳᰃѠ嗟Ѡϔᑈ↩ϮⱘDŽ
ᓳᓳᰃѠ嗟Ѡϔᑈ⬶ὁⱘDŽ
Dìdi shì èr líng èr yī nián bìyè de.
d. 䖭ӊ↯㸷ᰃ៥⠊↡㒭៥фⱘDŽ
䗭ӊ↯㸷ᰃ៥⠊↡㌺៥䊋ⱘDŽ
Zhè jiàn máoyī shì wǒ fùmǔ gěi wǒ mǎi de.
e. 䙷ᴀкᰃ⥟㗕Ꮬ‫ⱘݭ‬DŽ
䙷ᴀ᳌ᰃ⥟㗕᏿ᆿⱘDŽ
Nà běn shū shì Wáng lǎoshī xiě de.
f. 䖭ᴀᄫ‫݌‬ᰃ೼кᑫфⱘDŽ
䗭ᴀᄫ‫݌‬ᰃ೼᳌ᑫ䊋ⱘDŽ
Zhè běn zìdiǎn shì zài shūdiàn mǎi de.
g. ᰃҪਞ䀈៥ⱘDŽ
Shì tā gàosu wǒ de.
h. ៥ᰃത݀݅≑䔺এⱘDŽ
៥ᰃത݀݅≑䒞এⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zuò gōnggòng qìchē qù de.

10 a. ៥এ䖛࣫ҀDŽ/ ៥এ䘢࣫ҀDŽWǒ qù guò Běijīng.

b. ᰃҔМᯊ‫׭‬এⱘ/ᰃ⫮咐ᰖ‫׭‬এⱘ shì shénme shíhou qù de
c. ៥ᰃ 2010 ᑈ䎳៥ཛྷཛྷএⱘ/៥ᰃ 2010 ᑈ䎳៥႑႑এⱘ Wǒ shì 2010 nián
gēn wǒ māma qù de

311
ANSWER KEY

d. এњҔМഄᮍ/এњ⫮咐ഄᮍ qù le shénme dìfāng

e. њ le; њ le; њ le
f. ԣњ໮Й zhù le duō jiǔ
g. এњϞ⍋ qù le Shànghǎi
h. ᰃᗢМএⱘ/ᰃᗢ咐এⱘ shì zěnme qù de
i. തњ໮Й zuò le duō jiǔ
j. ≵এ䖛Ё೑/≦এ䘢Ё೟ méi qùguò Zhōngguó
k. জএњ ϔ⃵ Ё೑/জএњ ϔ⃵ Ё೟ yòu qù le yī cì Zhōngguó

38 Talking about change, new situations, and changing

situations
1 a. Դ䍞ᴹ䍞䅸ⳳDŽ
Դ䍞՚䍞䁡ⳳDŽ
Nǐ yuè lái yuè rènzhēn.
b. Դⱘ䑿ԧ䍞ᴹ䍞ᔎໂDŽ
Դⱘ䑿储䍞՚䍞ᔎໃDŽ
Nǐ de shēntǐ yuè lái yuè qiángzhuàng.
c. ԴⱘᡔᎻ䍞ᴹ䍞དDŽ
ԴⱘᡔᎻ䍞՚䍞དDŽ
Nǐ de jìqiǎo yuè lái yuè hǎo.
d. ↨䌯ⱘ᮹ᄤᖿ㽕ࠄњDŽ
↨䋑ⱘ᮹ᄤᖿ㽕ࠄњDŽ
Bǐsài de rìzi kuài yào dào le.
e. Դ↣໽ᕫ䎥ϝϾᇣᯊDŽ
Դ↣໽ᕫ䎥ϝ‫ן‬ᇣᰖDŽ
Nǐ měitiān děi pǎo sān gè xiǎoshí.
f. Դ䍞䎥ˈ䍞䎥ᕫᖿDŽ
Nǐ yuè pǎo, yuè pǎo de kuài.

2 a. ⦄೼ཌྷӮ䍄䏃њDŽ
⧒೼ཌྷ᳗䍄䏃њDŽ
Xiànzài tā huì zǒu lù le.
b. ⦄೼ཌྷӮিþཛྷཛྷÿњDŽ
⧒೼ཌྷ᳗িþ႑႑ÿњDŽ
Xiànzài tā huì jiào ‘māma’ le.
c. ⦄೼ཌྷৃҹ䅸ߎҪⱘહહњDŽ
⧒೼ཌྷৃҹ䁡ߎҪⱘહહњDŽ
Xiànzài tā kěyǐ rènchū tā de gēgē le.
d. ⦄೼ཌྷ୰⃶਀䷇ФњDŽ
⧒೼ཌྷ୰ℵ㙑䷇ῖњDŽ
Xiànzài tā xǐhuan tīng yīnyuè le.

312
Answer key

e. ⦄೼ཌྷⶹ䘧ཌྷ㞾ᏅⱘৡᄫњDŽ
⧒೼ཌྷⶹ䘧ཌྷ㞾ᏅⱘৡᄫњDŽ
Xiànzài tā zhīdao tā zìjǐ de míngzì le.

3 a. ៥ϡ‫ݡ‬ୱସ䜦њDŽ
Wǒ bù zài hē píjiǔ le.
b. ៥᯳ᳳ᮹ᰮϞϡ‫ݡ‬এখࡴᰮӮњDŽ
៥᯳ᳳ᮹ᰮϞϡ‫ݡ‬এগࡴᰮ᳗њDŽ
Wǒ xīngqīrì wǎnshàng bù zài qù cānjiā wǎnhuì le.
c. ៥↣໽䛑㽕೼݀ು䎥ℹDŽ
៥↣໽䛑㽕೼݀೦䎥ℹDŽ
Wǒ měitiān dōu yào zài gōng yuán pǎo bù.
d. ៥↣Ͼ᯳ᳳ䛑㽕㒭៥ⱘ⠊↡ᠧϔ⃵⬉䆱DŽ
៥↣‫ן‬᯳ᳳ䛑㽕㌺៥ⱘ⠊↡ᠧϔ⃵䳏䁅DŽ
Wǒ měi gè xīngqī dōu yào gěi wǒ de fùmǔ dǎ yī cì diànhuà.
e. ៥↣໽䛑㽕ᄺЁ᭛DŽ
៥↣໽䛑㽕ᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Wǒ měitiān dōu yào xué Zhōngwén.
f. ៥ϡ‫ݡ‬䎳៥ⱘྍྍਉᶊњDŽ
Wǒ bù zài gēn wǒ de mèimei chǎo jià le.

4 a. The weather is getting colder and colder. b. Chinese is becoming more

and more interesting. c. Chinese people’s lives are getting better and better.
d. We like to eat Chinese food more and more. e. The more I eat, the fatter
I get. The fatter I get, the more I want to eat. f. The more you study, the more you
understand. g. The more I study, the more I want to study. h. The more you write
Chinese characters, the easier they become. i. The more I read this book, the
more interesting I think it is.

5 a. ᯹໽ࠄњDŽ໽⇨䍞ᴹ䍞ᱪ੠ˈ
᯹໽ࠄњDŽ໽⇷䍞՚䍞ᱪ੠ˈ
Chūntiān dào le. Tiānqì yuè lái yuè nuǎnhuo,
b. ⱑ໽䍞ᴹ䍞䭓ˈ
ⱑ໽䍞՚䍞䭋ˈ
báitiān yuè lái yuè cháng,
c. 㢅䍞ᴹ䍞໮ˈ
㢅䍞՚䍞໮ˈ
huā yuè lái yuè duō,
d. ໽ぎ䍞ᴹ䍞㪱ˈ
໽ぎ䍞՚䍞㮡ˈ
tiānkōng yuè lái yuè lán,
e. ೼໪䖍ᬷℹⱘҎ䍞ᴹ䍞໮DŽ
೼໪䙞ᬷℹⱘҎ䍞՚䍞໮DŽ
zài wàibian sànbù de rén yuè lái yuè duō.

313
ANSWER KEY

6 a.
Ё᭛៥䍞਀䍞ពDŽ
Ё᭛៥䍞㙑䍞ពDŽ
Zhōngwén wǒ yuè tīng yuè dǒng.
b. ∝ᄫ៥䍞‫ݭ‬䍞དⳟDŽ
⓶ᄫ៥䍞ᆿ䍞དⳟDŽ
Hàn zì wǒ yuè xiě yuè hǎo kàn.
c. ៥䍞䇈䍞‫ˈޚ‬
៥䍞䁾䍞⑪ˈ
Wǒ yuè shuō yuè zhǔn,
d. ៥䍞䇏䍞ᖿDŽ
៥䍞䅔䍞ᖿDŽ
Wǒ yuè dú yuè kuài.

7 a. ব࣪䅞࣪
biànhuà b. ៤Ў
៤⠆ chéngwéi c. ᬍ୘ gǎishàn d. ᤶ/᦯huàn
e. ᬍ gǎi f. ᬍ‫ݭ‬ᬍᆿ gǎi xiě g. ব៤䅞៤ biànchéng h. ব៤䅞៤ biànchéng
i. ᬍℷ gǎizhèng
8 a. Ё೑ⱘଚϮ⦃๗᳝᠔ᬍ䖯DŽ

Ё೟ⱘଚὁ⪄๗᳝᠔ᬍ䘆DŽ
Zhōngguó de shāngyè huánjìng yǒu suǒ gǎijìn.
b. 㒣⌢䍞ᴹ䍞ᔎ໻DŽ
㍧△䍞՚䍞ᔎ໻DŽ
Jīngjì yuè lái yuè qiángdà.
c. ೼Ё೑ⱘ໪೑ӕϮ䍞ᴹ䍞໮DŽ
೼Ё೟ⱘ໪೟ӕὁ䍞՚䍞໮DŽ
Zài Zhōngguó de wàiguó qǐyè yuè lái yuè duō.
d. ᡩ䌘䍞໮ˈ䌮ⱘ䪅ህ䍞໮DŽ
ᡩ䊛䍞໮ˈ䋎ⱘ䣶ህ䍞໮DŽ
Tóuzī yuè duō, zhuàn de qián jiù yuè duō.
e. Ё೑Ҏ䍞ᴹ䍞᳝䪅DŽ
Ё೟Ҏ䍞՚䍞᳝䣶DŽ
Zhōngguórén yuè lái yuè yǒu qián.
f. ҪӀ䪅䍞໮ˈфⱘϰ㽓䍞໮DŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬䣶䍞໮ˈ䊋ⱘᵅ㽓䍞໮DŽ
Tāmen qián yuè duō, mǎi de dōngxī yuè duō.
g. ៥䅸Ў៥Ӏ೼Ё೑ⱘ⫳ᛣӮ䍞ᴹ䍞དDŽ
៥䁡⠆៥‫ץ‬೼Ё೟ⱘ⫳ᛣ᳗䍞՚䍞དDŽ
Wǒ rènwéi wǒmen zài Zhōngguó de shēngyì huì yuè lái yuè hǎo.
9 a.. 䅶ီњ㿖ီњ dìnghūn le
b. ᳝ϝϾᄽᄤњ/ ᳝ϝ‫ן‬ᄽᄤњ yǒu sān gè háizi le
c. ϡᎹ԰њ/ϡᎹ԰њ bù gōngzuò le
d. 䍞ᴹ䍞㚪/䍞՚䍞㚪 yuè lái yuè pàng
e. ব᳔࣪໻/䅞᳔࣪໻ biànhuà zuì dà

314
Answer key

f. ៤њৡҎ chéng le míngrén

g. њ le
10 (Free response.)

39 Talking about duration and frequency

1 a. ៥ᠧㅫ೼Ё೑ᄺϔᑈⱘЁ೑䆱DŽ
៥ᠧㅫ೼Ё೟ᅌϔᑈⱘЁ೟䁅DŽ
Wǒ dǎsuan zài Zhōngguó xué yī nián de Zhōngguóhuà.
b. ᄺ⫳↣໽㟇ᇥᕫᄺдϝϾ䩳༈DŽ
ᅌ⫳↣໽㟇ᇥᕫᅌ㖦ϝ‫ן‬䧬丁DŽ
Xuésheng měitiān zhìshǎo děi xuéxí sān gè zhōngtóu.
c. ៥Ꮖ㒣ㄝњҪѠकߚ䩳њDŽ
៥Ꮖ㍧ㄝњҪѠकߚ䧬њDŽ
Wǒ yǐjing děng le tā èrshí fēn zhōng le.
d. ᯼໽ᰮϞˈ៥ህⴵњϸϾ䩳༈ⱘ㾝DŽ
᯼໽ᰮϞˈ៥ህⴵњܽ‫ן‬䧬丁ⱘ㾎DŽ
Zuótiān wǎnshang, wǒ jiù shuì le liǎng gè zhōngtóu de jiào.
e. Դ↣໽ᰮϞᑨ䆹ⴵܿϾ䩳༈ⱘ㾝DŽ
Դ↣໽ᰮϞឝ䁆ⴵܿ‫ן‬䧬丁ⱘ㾎DŽ
Nǐ měitiān wǎnshang yīnggāi shuì bā gè zhōngtóu de jiào.
f. ៥↣໽ⳟϔϾञᇣᯊⱘ᡹DŽ
៥↣໽ⳟϔ‫ן‬ञᇣᰖⱘฅDŽ
Wǒ měitiān kàn yī gè bàn xiǎoshí de bào.
g. ៥↣໽ᰮϞ਀ϔϾ䩳༈ⱘ䷇ФDŽ
៥↣໽ᰮϞ㙑ϔ‫ן‬䧬丁ⱘ䷇ῖDŽ
Wǒ měitiān wǎnshang tīng yī ge zhōngtou de yīnyuè.

2 a. ⥟ᯢ᳝ϔϾ᳜≵ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
⥟ᯢ᳝ϔ‫ן‬᳜≦ⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wáng Míng yǒu yī gè yuè méi kàn diànyǐng.
b. ⥟ᯢ᳝ϔᑈ≵ಲᆊDŽ
Wáng Míng yǒu yī nián méi huí jiā.
c. ⥟ᯢ᳝Ѩ໽≵Ϟ䇒DŽ
⥟ᯢ᳝Ѩ໽≦Ϟ䂆DŽ
Wáng Míng yǒu wǔ tiān méi shàng kè.
d. ⥟ᯢ᳝ಯकѨߚ䩳≵䇈䆱DŽ
⥟ᯢ᳝ಯकѨߚ䧬≦䁾䁅DŽ
Wáng Míng yǒu sìshíwǔ fēn zhōng méi shuō huà.
e. ⥟ᯢ᳝ϝक݁Ͼᇣᯊ≵ⴵ㾝DŽ
⥟ᯢ᳝ϝक݁‫ן‬ᇣᰖ≦ⴵ㾎DŽ
Wáng Míng yǒu sānshíliù gè xiǎoshí méi shuì jiào.

315
ANSWER KEY

f. ⥟ᯢ᳝ϸϾ᯳ᳳ≵ᠧ⧗DŽ
⥟ᯢ᳝ܽ‫ן‬᯳ᳳ≦ᠧ⧗DŽ
Wáng Míng yǒu liǎng gè xīngqī méi dǎ qiú.

3 a. ཌྷ‫ݭ‬԰᭛Ꮖ㒣‫ݭ‬њ᳝ϔϾ᳜њDŽ
ཌྷᆿ԰᭛Ꮖ㍧ᆿњ᳝ϔ‫ן‬᳜њDŽ
Tā xiě zuòwén yǐjing xiě le yǒu yī gè yuè le.
b. ҪӀᠧ⧗ᠧњ᳝ϝϾᇣᯊDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ᠧ⧗ᠧњ᳝ϝ‫ן‬ᇣᰖDŽ
Tāmen dǎ qiú dǎ le yǒu sān gè xiǎoshí.
c. Ҫ䎳Ҫⱘཇ᳟ট䇈䆱䇈њ᳝ϸϾ䩳༈њDŽ
Ҫ䎳Ҫⱘཇ᳟ট䁾䁅䁾њ᳝ܽ‫ן‬䧬丁њDŽ
Tā gēn tā de nǚ péngyǒu shuō huà shuō le yǒu liǎng gè zhōngtóu le.
d. ៥ㄝᓳᓳᏆ㒣ㄝњ᳝ञϾᇣᯊњDŽ
៥ㄝᓳᓳᏆ㍧ㄝњ᳝ञ‫ן‬ᇣᰖњDŽ
Wǒ děng dìdi yǐjing děng le yǒu bàn gè xiǎoshí le.
e. ҪᏆ㒣೼Ё೑ԣњ᳝ϸᑈњDŽ
ҪᏆ㍧೼Ё೟ԣњ᳝ܽᑈњDŽ
Tā yǐjing zài Zhōngguó zhù le yǒu liǎng nián le.
f. Ҫᬭкᬭњ᳝कᑈњDŽ
Ҫᬭ᳌ᬭњ᳝कᑈњDŽ
Tā jiāo shū jiāo le yǒu shí nián le.

4 a. Mom is cooking. b. Look! There are a lot of people dancing in the park.
c. Please wait for me here. d. Is your child still studying in the U.S.?
e. She has not gotten married yet.

5 a. We like to drink tea while talking. b. Students like to listen to music while
doing homework. c. You can’t eat while driving. d. I don’t want you to read the
newspaper while eating breakfast.

6 a. ⥟ᯢത䖛Ѩ⃵亲ᴎDŽ
⥟ᯢത䘢Ѩ⃵亯″DŽ
Wáng Míng zuò guò wǔ cì fēijī.
b. ⥟ᯢৗ䖛ϸ⃵᮹ᴀ佁DŽ
⥟ᯢৗ䘢ܽ⃵᮹ᴀ仃DŽ
Wáng Míng chī guò liǎng cì Rìběn fàn.
c. ⥟ᯢএ䖛ϔ⃵Ꮘ咢DŽ
⥟ᯢএ䘢ϔ⃵Ꮘ咢DŽ
Wáng Míng qù guò yī cì Bālí.
d. ⥟ᯢଅ䘢ϝ⃵वᢝ OKDŽ
Wáng Míng chàng guò sān cì kǎlā OK.
e. ⥟ᯢ健䖛ಯ⃵ᨽᠬ䔺DŽ
⥟ᯢ俢䘢ಯ⃵ᨽᠬ䒞DŽ
Wáng Míng qí guò sì cì mótuōchē.

316
Answer key

f. ⥟ᯢⳟ䖛݁⃵Ё೑⬉ᕅDŽ
⥟ᯢⳟ䘢݁⃵Ё೟䳏ᕅDŽ
Wáng Míng kàn guò liù cì Zhōngguó diànyǐng.

7 a. ᮽϞ݁⚍ञ/ᮽϞ݁咲ञ zǎoshang liù diǎn bàn

b. 䎥ℹ䎥Ѡकߚ䩳/䎥ℹ䎥Ѡकߚ䧬 pǎobù pǎo èrshí fēn zhōng
c. ܿϾ䩳༈/ܿ‫ן‬䧬丁 bā ge zhōngtou
d. ϝϾञᇣᯊⱘࡳ䇒/ϝ‫ן‬ञᇣᰖⱘࡳ䂆 sān ge bàn xiǎoshí de gōngkè
e. ⋫Ѩߚ䩳/⋫Ѩߚ䧬 xǐ wǔ fēn zhōng
f. ᓔⴔ♃ⴵ㾝/䭟㨫➜ⴵ㾎 kāi zhe dēng shuì jiào
g. キⴔϞ䇒/キ㨫Ϟ䂆 zhàn zhe shàng kè
h. ⳟϸϾᇣᯊⱘ⬉㾚/ⳟܽ‫ן‬ᇣᰖⱘ䳏㽪 kàn liǎng gè xiǎoshí de diànshì
i. ߎএϸ⃵/ߎএܽ⃵ chūqù liǎng cì
j. ϝϾ᯳ᳳ≵᳝ᠧ⬉ࡼ␌៣њ/ϝ‫ן‬᯳ᳳ≦᳝ᠧ䳏ࢩ䘞᠆њ sān gè xīngqī méi
yǒu dǎ diàndòng yóuxì le

40 Expressing additional information

1 a. ៥䖭ᄺᳳ䗝њЁ᭛ˈг䗝њ᮹᭛DŽ
៥䗭ᅌᳳ䙌њЁ᭛ˈг䙌њ᮹᭛DŽ
Wǒ zhè xuéqī xuǎn le Zhōngwén, yě xuǎn le Rìwén.
This semester I am taking Chinese and I am also taking Japanese.
( lit. I selected Chinese and I also selected Japanese.)
b. Ҫ୰⃶ৗ㕢೑佁ˈг୰⃶ৗ⋄೑佁DŽ
Ҫ୰ℵৗ㕢೟仃ˈг୰ℵৗ⋄೟仃DŽ
Tā xǐhuan chī Měiguó fàn, yě xǐhuan chī Tàiguó fàn.
He likes to eat American food and he also likes Thai food.
c. ᓴᇣ㣅ᕜⓖ҂ˈгᕜ㘾ᯢDŽ
ᔉᇣ㣅ᕜⓖ҂ˈгᕜ㙄ᯢDŽ
Zhāng Xiǎoyīng hěn piàoliang, yě hěn cōngming.
Zhang Xiaoying is very pretty and also very smart.
d. ᵫӳᄺᰃᄺ⫳DŽ૤⥿⦆гᰃᄺ⫳DŽ
ᵫ‫؝‬ᅌᰃᅌ⫳DŽ૤⥿⦆гᰃᅌ⫳DŽ
Lín Wěixué shì xuésheng. Táng Méilíng yě shì xuésheng.
Lin Weixue is a student. Tang Meiling is also a student.
e. ៥㒭ᓳᓳᠧњ⬉䆱DŽ៥г㒭ྍྍᠧњ⬉䆱DŽ
៥㌺ᓳᓳᠧњ䳏䁅DŽ៥г㌺ྍྍᠧњ䳏䁅DŽ
Wǒ gěi dìdi dǎ le diànhuà. Wǒ yě gěi mèimei dǎ le diànhuà.
I called my younger brother. I also called my younger sister.
f. ៥୰⃶ୱ੪ଵˈг୰⃶ୱ㤊DŽ
៥୰ℵୱ੪ଵˈг୰ℵୱ㤊DŽ
Wǒ xǐhuan hē kāfēi, yě xǐhuan hē chá.
I like to drink coffee and I also like to drink tea.

317
ANSWER KEY

2 a. 䖭ᴀᄫ‫݌‬䗕㒭ԴDŽ៥䖬᳝ϔᴀDŽ
䗭ᴀᄫ‫݌‬䗕㌺ԴDŽ៥䙘᳝ϔᴀDŽ
Zhè běn zìdiǎn sònggěi nǐ. Wǒ hái yǒu yīběn.
I am giving this dictionary to you. I still have one.
b. Դ䖬᳝ҔМџᚙ㽕ਞ䆝៥৫˛
Դ䙘᳝⫮咑џᚙ㽕ਞ䀈៥஢˛
Nǐ hái yǒu shénme shìqing yào gàosu wǒ ma?
Do you have anything else you want to tell me?
c. ᇍϡ䍋DŽ៥䖬ϡពԴⱘᛣᗱDŽ
ᇡϡ䍋DŽ៥䙘ϡពԴⱘᛣᗱDŽ
Duìbuqǐ. Wǒ hái bù dǒng nǐ de yìsi.
Sorry. I still do not understand what you mean.
d. Դ䖬᳝໮ᇥ䪅˛
Դ䙘᳝໮ᇥ䣶˛
Nǐ hái yǒu duōshao qián?
How much money do you have left?
e. ᄺЁ᭛ϡԚ᳝ᛣᗱˈᑊϨৃҹᡒࠄདⱘᎹ԰DŽ
ᅌЁ᭛ϡԚ᳝ᛣᗱˈϺϨৃҹᡒࠄདⱘᎹ԰DŽ
Xué Zhōngwén bùdàn yǒu yìsi, bìngqiě kěyǐ zhǎodào hǎo de gōngzuò.
Learning Chinese is not only interesting; it can also (help) in finding a
good job.
f. 䰸њྍྍҹ໪ˈ៥Ӏ䛑୰⃶ৗЁ೑佁DŽ
䰸њྍྍҹ໪ˈ៥‫ץ‬䛑୰ℵৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Chúle mèimei yǐwài, wǒmen dōu xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó fàn.
Except for [besides] my younger sister, we all like Chinese food.
g. 䙷Ͼᮙ佚জᑆ‫ޔ‬জ֓ᅰDŽ
䙷‫ן‬ᮙ仼জђ⎼জ֓ᅰDŽ
Nàge lǚguǎn yòu gānjìng yòu piányi.
That hotel is both clean and inexpensive.
h. ཛྷཛྷϡԚϞ⧁ˈ㗠Ϩᕫ✻乒ᄽᄤDŽ
႑႑ϡԚϞ⧁ˈ㗠Ϩᕫ✻主ᄽᄤDŽ
Māma bùdàn shàng bān, érqiě děi zhàogù háizi.
Not only does Mom work, she also has to take care of the children.

3 a. 催㭒জ㘾ᯢজ⫼ࡳDŽ
催㭒জ㙄ᯢজ⫼ࡳDŽ
Gāo Lěi yòu cōngming yòu yònggōng.
b. ᑊϨᕜৃ䴴DŽ
ϺϨᕜৃ䴴DŽ
Bìngqiě hěn kěkào.
c. ϡԚࡳ䇒‫ޚ‬໛ᕫᕜҨ㒚ˈ㗠Ϩ㗗䆩㗗ᕫདDŽ
ϡԚࡳ䂆⑪‫٭‬ᕫᕜҨ㌄ˈ㗠Ϩ㗗䀺㗗ᕫདDŽ
Bùdàn gōngkè zhǔnbèi de hěn zǐxì, érqiě kǎoshì kǎo de hǎo.

318
Answer key

d. ཌྷ䖬ᰃᄺ⫳㒘㒛ⱘ⿃ᵕߚᄤDŽ
ཌྷ䙘ᰃᅌ⫳㌘㐨ⱘ〡ὉߚᄤDŽ
Tā hái shì xuéshēng zǔzhī de jījí fènzi.
e. 䰸њᰃϔϾདᄺ⫳ҹ໪ˈཌྷ䖬খࡴᕜ໮䇒໪⌏ࡼDŽ
䰸њᰃϔ‫ן‬དᅌ⫳ҹ໪ˈཌྷ䙘গࡴᕜ໮䂆໪⌏ࢩDŽ
Chúle shì yī gè hǎo xuéshēng yǐwài, tā hái cānjiā hěn duō kèwài
huódòng.
f. 㗠Ϩཌྷᕜᜓᛣᐂࡽ߿ҎDŽ
㗠Ϩཌྷᕜ丬ᛣᐿࡽ߹ҎDŽ
Érqiě tā hěn yuànyì bāngzhù bié rén.
g. ‫ݡ‬䇈ˈཌྷⱘ䇁㿔㛑࡯ᕜᔎDŽ㣅᭛ˈ䇈ᕫ‫ݭ‬ᕫ䛑ᕜདDŽ
‫ݡ‬䁾ˈཌྷⱘ䁲㿔㛑࡯ᕜᔎDŽ㣅᭛ˈ䁾ᕫᆿᕫ䛑ᕜདDŽ
Zài shuō, tā de yǔyán nénglì hěn qiáng. Yīngwén, shuō de xiě de dōu hěn
hǎo.

4 Sample answer:

᠓ሟߎ⾳DŽϔ᠓ϔख़ˈজ໻জᑆ‫ޔ‬DŽϡԚ䰘ᆊ‫݋‬㗠Ϩᆊ‫݋‬䛑ᰃᮄⱘDŽ⾏ഄ䪕キ令
ख़ǃଚᑫ䛑ᕜ䖥DŽϔϾ᳜ϸगഫDŽ䰸њ∈⬉ҹ໪ˈгࣙᣀ᳝㒓⬉㾚DŽᛣ㗙䇋⌑
Millie (987) 654-3321/[email protected]

᠓ሟߎ⾳DŽϔ᠓ϔᓇˈজ໻জђ⎼DŽϡԚ䰘‫݋ٶ‬㗠Ϩ‫݋ٶ‬䛑ᰃᮄⱘDŽ䲶ഄ䨉キ令
ᓇǃଚᑫ䛑ᕜ䖥DŽϔ‫ן‬᳜ܽगพDŽ䰸њ∈䳏ҹ໪ˈгࣙᣀ᳝㎮䳏㽪DŽᛣ㗙䂟⌑
Millie (987) 654-3321/[email protected]

Fángwū chūzū. Yī fang yī tīng, yòu dà yòu gānjìng. Bùdàn fù jiājù érqiě jiājù
dōu shì xīn de. Lí dìtiě zhàn cāntīng, shāngdiàn dōu hěn jìn. Yī ge yuè liǎng
qiān kuài. Chúle shuǐ diàn yǐwài, yě bāokuò yiuxiàn diànshì. Yìzhě qǐng qià
Millie (987) 654-3321/[email protected]

41 Expressing contrast

1 a. ᓴӳ㱑✊ᕜᏙˈԚᰃϡ催DŽ
ᔉ‫؝‬䲪✊ᕜᏹˈԚᰃϡ催DŽ
Zhāng Wěi suīrán hěn shuài, dànshì bù gāo.
b. ᓴӳ㱑✊ᕜ㘾ᯢˈԚᰃᕜឦDŽ
ᔉ‫؝‬䲪✊ᕜ㙄ᯢˈԚᰃᕜ៊DŽ
Zhāng Wěi suīrán hěn cōngming, dànshì hěn lǎn.
c. ᓴӳ㱑✊ᕜ᳝䪅ˈԚᰃᕜᇣ⇨DŽ
ᔉ‫؝‬䲪✊ᕜ᳝䣶ˈԚᰃᕜᇣ⇷DŽ
Zhāng Wěi suīrán hěn yǒu qián, dànshì hěn xiǎoqi.
d. ᓴӳ㱑✊᳝䔺ˈԚᰃᓔ䔺ᓔᕫ໾ᖿDŽ
ᔉ‫؝‬䲪✊᳝䒞ˈԚᰃ䭟䒞䭟ᕫ໾ᖿDŽ
Zhāng Wěi suīrán yǒu chē, dànshì kāi chē kāi de tài kuài.

319
ANSWER KEY

e. ᓴӳ㱑✊Ӯ䇈໪䇁ˈԚᰃҪϡ୰⃶ᮙ␌DŽ
ᔉ‫؝‬䲪✊᳗䁾໪䁲ˈԚᰃҪϡ୰ℵᮙ␌DŽ
Zhāng Wěi suīrán huì shuō wàiyǔ, dànshì tā bù xǐhuan lǚyóu.
f. ᓴӳ㱑✊໻ᄺ↩ϮњˈԚᰃ≵᳝Ꮉ԰DŽ
ᔉ‫؝‬䲪✊໻ᅌ⬶ὁњˈԚᰃ≦᳝Ꮉ԰DŽ
Zhāng Wěi suīrán dàxué bì yè le, dànshì méi yǒu gōngzuò.

2 a. Դৃҹ೼ᆓ㟡ৗ佁ˈԚᰃϡৃҹ೼䙷䞠‫خ‬佁DŽ
Դৃҹ೼ᆓ㟡ৗ仃ˈԚᰃϡৃҹ೼䙷㺣‫خ‬仃DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ zài sùshè chīfàn, dànshì bù kěyǐ zài nàli zuò fàn.
b. Դৃҹ೼䯙㾜ᅸୱ੪ଵˈԚᰃϡ㛑೼䙷䞠ৗϰ㽓DŽ
Դৃҹ೼䮅㾑ᅸୱ੪ଵˈԚᰃϡ㛑೼䙷㺣ৗᵅ㽓DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ zài yuèlǎn shì hē kāfēi, dànshì bù néng zài nàli chī dōngxi.
c. Դৃҹ೼ᆓ㟡В㸠ᰮӮˈԚᰃϡৃҹୱ䜦DŽ
Դৃҹ೼ᆓ㟡㟝㸠ᰮ᳗ˈԚᰃϡৃҹୱ䜦DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ zài sùshè jǔxíng wǎnhuì, dànshì bù kěyǐ hē jiǔ.
d. Դৃҹ೼Դⱘሟᄤ䞠⫼ᖂ⊶♝ˈԚᰃϡৃҹ⫼䴶ࣙ♝DŽ
Դৃҹ೼Դⱘሟᄤ㺣⫼ᖂ⊶⟤ˈԚᰃϡৃҹ⫼咉ࣙ⟤DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ zài nǐ de wūzi lǐ yòng wēibōlú, dànshì bù kěyǐ yòng miànbāolú.
e. ೼ԧ㚆佚䞠ৃҹこ⧗䵟ˈϡৃҹこ䵈ᄤDŽ
೼储㚆仼㺣ৃҹこ⧗䵟ˈϡৃҹこ䵈ᄤDŽ
Zài tǐyùguǎn lǐ kěyǐ chuān qiúxié, bù kěyǐ chuān xuēzi.
f. 㗗䆩ⱘᯊ‫ৃ׭‬ҹ⫼䅵ㅫ఼ˈৃᰃϡৃҹ⫼䅵ㅫᴎDŽ
㗗䀺ⱘᰖ‫ৃ׭‬ҹ⫼㿜ㅫ఼ˈৃᰃϡৃҹ⫼㿜ㅫ″DŽ
Kǎoshì de shíhou kěyǐ yòng jìsuànqì, kěshì bù kěyǐ yòng jìsuànjī.
g. Դৃҹ೼ᏗਞᷣϞᬒⳌ⠛ˈԚᰃϡ㛑೼๭ϞDŽ
Դৃҹ೼Ꮧਞ⃘ϞᬒⳌ⠛ˈԚᰃϡ㛑೼ຏϞDŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ zài bùgào lán shàng fàng xiàngpiàn, dànshì bù néng zài qiángshàng.
h. Դৃҹ೼೒к佚‫׳‬кˈԚᰃϡৃҹ‫׳‬ᄫ‫݌‬DŽ
Դৃҹ೼೪᳌仼‫׳‬᳌ˈԚᰃϡৃҹ‫׳‬ᄫ‫݌‬DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ zài túshūguǎn jièshū, dànshì bù kěyǐ jiè zìdiǎn.
i. Դৃҹᡞ᠟ᴎᏺ䖯ᬭᅸˈԚᰃϔᅮᕫ݇ᴎDŽ
Դৃҹᡞ᠟″ᐊ䘆ᬭᅸˈԚᰃϔᅮᕫ䮰″DŽ
Nǐ kěyǐ bǎ shǒujī dài jìn jiàoshì, dànshì yīdìng děi guān jī.

3 a. Ё᭛㱑✊ᕜ䲒ᄺˈৃᰃᕜ᳝⫼DŽ
Ё᭛䲪✊ᕜ䲷ᅌˈৃᰃᕜ᳝⫼DŽ
Zhōngwén suīrán hěn nán xué, kěshì hěn yǒu yòng.
Chinese is difficult to learn, but it is very useful.
b. Ҫ㱑✊ᰃЁ೑Ҏˈৃᰃ≵এ䖛Ё೑DŽ
Ҫ䲪✊ᰃЁ೟Ҏˈৃᰃ≦এ䘢Ё೟DŽ
Tā suīrán shì Zhōngguórén, kěshì méi qùguo Zhōngguó.
Although he is Chinese, he has never been to China.

320
Answer key

c. ៥㱑✊ᛇএˈৃᰃ≵ᯊ䯈DŽ
៥䲪✊ᛇএˈৃᰃ≦ᰖ䭧DŽ
Wǒ suīrán xiǎng qù, kěshì méi shíjiān.
I want to go but I have no time.
d. Ҟ໽㱑✊≵ϟ䲾ˈৃᰃ䴲ᐌ‫ދ‬DŽ
Ҟ໽䲪✊≦ϟ䲾ˈৃᰃ䴲ᐌ‫ދ‬DŽ
Jīntiān suīrán méi xià xuě, kěshì fēicháng lěng.
It didn’t snow today, but it is extremely cold.
e. Ҟ໽㗗䆩ˈৠᄺӀ㱑✊䛑ࠄњˈৃᰃ㗕Ꮬ䖬≵ᴹDŽ
Ҟ໽㗗䀺ˈৠᅌ‫ץ‬䲪✊䛑ࠄњˈৃᰃ㗕᏿䙘≦՚DŽ
Jīntiān kǎoshì, tóngxuémen suīrán dōu dào le, kěshì lǎoshī hái méi lái.
For today’s test, the students have all arrived but the teacher hasn’t arrived yet.
f. Ҫ㱑✊ఈϞϡ䇈ˈৃᰃᖗ䞠ᕜϡ催݈DŽ
Ҫ䲪✊ఈϞϡ䁾ˈৃᰃᖗ㺣ᕜϡ催㟜DŽ
Tā suīrán zuǐ shang bù shuō, kěshì xīnlǐ hěn bù gāoxìng.
He hasn’t said anything, but in his heart he is very unhappy.
g. 㱑✊ཌྷᰃЁ೑Ҏˈৃᰃཌྷϡ୰⃶ৗЁ೑佁DŽ
䲪✊ཌྷᰃЁ೟Ҏˈৃᰃཌྷϡ୰ℵৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Suīrán tā shì Zhōngguórén, kěshì tā bù xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó fàn.
Although she is Chinese, she doesn’t like Chinese food.
h. ᄺЁ᭛㱑✊ᕜ㢅ᯊ䯈ˈৃᰃ៥ᕜ୰⃶ᄺDŽ
ᅌЁ᭛䲪✊ᕜ㢅ᰖ䭧ˈৃᰃ៥ᕜ୰ℵᅌDŽ
Xué Zhōngwén suīrán hěn huā shíjiān, kěshì wǒ hěn xǐhuan xué.
Although studying Chinese takes a lot of time, I like to study it.

4 a. Ё᭛㱑✊ᕜ䲒ᄺˈৃᰃैᕜ᳝⫼DŽ
Ё᭛䲪✊ᕜ䲷ᅌˈৃᰃॏᕜ᳝⫼DŽ
Zhōngwén suīrán hěn nán xué, kěshì què hěn yǒu yòng.
b. Ҫ㱑✊ᰃЁ೑Ҏˈৃᰃै≵এ䖛Ё೑DŽ
Ҫ䲪✊ᰃЁ೟Ҏˈৃᰃॏ≦এ䘢Ё೟DŽ
Tā suīrán shì Zhōngguórén, kěshì què méi qùguo Zhōngguó.
c. ៥㱑✊ᛇএˈৃᰃै≵ᯊ䯈DŽ
៥䲪✊ᛇএˈৃᰃॏ≦ᰖ䭧DŽ
Wǒ suīrán xiǎng qù, kěshì què méi shíjiān.
d. Ҟ໽㱑✊≵ϟ䲾ˈৃᰃै䴲ᐌ‫ދ‬DŽ
Ҟ໽䲪✊≦ϟ䲾ˈৃᰃॏ䴲ᐌ‫ދ‬DŽ
Jīntiān suīrán méi xià xuě, kěshì què fēicháng lěng.
e. Ҟ໽㗗䆩ˈৠᄺӀ㱑✊䛑ࠄњˈৃᰃ㗕Ꮬै䖬≵ᴹDŽ
Ҟ໽㗗䀺ˈৠᅌ‫ץ‬䲪✊䛑ࠄњˈৃᰃ㗕᏿ॏ䙘≦՚DŽ
Jīntiān kǎoshì, tóngxuémen suīrán dōu dào le, kěshì lǎoshī què hái méi lái.
f. Ҫ㱑✊ఈϞϡ䇈ˈৃᰃᖗ䞠ैᕜϡ催݈DŽ
Ҫ䲪✊ఈϞϡ䁾ˈৃᰃᖗ㺣ॏᕜϡ催㟜DŽ
Tā suīrán zuǐ shang bù shuō, kěshì xīnlǐ què hěn bù gāoxìng.

321
ANSWER KEY

g. 㱑✊ཌྷᰃЁ೑Ҏˈৃᰃཌྷैϡ୰⃶ৗЁ೑佁DŽ
䲪✊ཌྷᰃЁ೟Ҏˈৃᰃཌྷॏϡ୰ℵৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Suīrán tā shì Zhōngguórén, kěshì tā què bù xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó fàn.
h. ᄺЁ᭛㱑✊ᕜ㢅ᯊ䯈ˈৃᰃ៥ैᕜ୰⃶ᄺDŽ
ᅌЁ᭛䲪✊ᕜ㢅ᰖ䭧ˈৃᰃ៥ॏᕜ୰ℵᅌDŽ
Xué Zhōngwén suīrán hěn huā shíjiān, kěshì wǒ què hěn xǐhuan xué.

5 a. 㗠ᇣ㢇ⱘⴐ⴯↨䕗ᇣ
㗠ᇣ㢇ⱘⴐ⴯↨䓗ᇣ
ér Xiǎo Fāng de yǎnjing bǐjiào xiǎo
b. ᇣ㢀Ӯᓔ䔺
ᇣ㢀᳗䭟䒞
Xiǎo Fēn huì kāi chē
c. 㪱㡆ˈ㗠ᇣ㢇୰⃶こ㑶㡆
㮡㡆ˈ㗠ᇣ㢇୰ℵこ㋙㡆
lánsè, ér Xiǎo Fāng xǐhuān chuān hóngsè
d. 㗠ᇣ㢇াӮ䇈ϔ⾡
㗠ᇣ㢇া᳗䁾ϔ。
ér Xiǎo Fāng zhǐ huì shuō yī zhǒng

6 a. 䲒ⱘ∝ᄫ‫ݭ‬ᇍњˈᆍᯧⱘড㗠‫ݭ‬䫭њDŽ
䲷ⱘ⓶ᄫᆿᇡњˈᆍᯧⱘড㗠ᆿ䤃њDŽ
Nán de Hàn zì xiěduì le, róng yì de fǎn’ér xiěcuò le.
b. 䅸ⳳⱘᄺ⫳໻ᆊ䛑୰⃶ˈড䖛ᴹˈϡ䅸ⳳⱘᄺ⫳໻ᆊ䛑ϡ୰⃶DŽ
䁡ⳳⱘᅌ⫳໻ᆊ䛑୰ℵˈড䘢՚ˈϡ䁡ⳳⱘᅌ⫳໻ᆊ䛑ϡ୰ℵDŽ
Rènzhēn de xuésheng dàjiā dōu xǐhuan, fǎnguòlái, bù rènzhēn de
xuésheng dàjiā dōu bù xǐhuan.
c. ໽⇨⛁ҎӀこⱘ㸷᳡ህᇥˈড䖛ᴹˈ໽⇨‫ދ‬ҎӀこⱘ㸷᳡ህ໮DŽ
໽⇷➅Ҏ‫ץ‬こⱘ㸷᳡ህᇥˈড䘢՚ˈ໽⇷‫ދ‬Ҏ‫ץ‬こⱘ㸷᳡ህ໮DŽ
Tiānqì rè rénmen chuān de yīfu jiù shǎo, fǎnguòlái, tiānqì lěng rénmen
chuān de yīfu jiù duō.
d. ϟ᯳ᳳ㽕Ѹⱘ᡹ਞҪᏆ㒣‫ݭ‬དњˈᯢ໽ⱘ㗗䆩ড㗠ᖬњ‫ޚ‬໛њDŽ
ϟ᯳ᳳ㽕ѸⱘฅਞҪᏆ㍧ᆿདњˈᯢ໽ⱘ㗗䀺ড㗠ᖬњ⑪‫٭‬њDŽ
Xià xīngqī yào jiāo de bàogào tā yǐjing xiěhǎole, míngtiān de kǎoshì
fǎn’ér wàng le zhǔnbèi le.
e. Ё᭛ϡᆍᯧᄺˈཌྷড㗠ᄺᕫᕜདDŽ
Ё᭛ϡᆍᯧᅌˈཌྷড㗠ᅌᕫᕜདDŽ
Zhōngwén bù róng yì xué, tā fǎn’ér xué de hěn hǎo.
f. ᆍᯧⱘ䇒䗝ⱘᄺ⫳໮ˈড䖛ᴹˈ䲒ⱘ䇒䗝ⱘᄺ⫳ᇥDŽ
ᆍᯧⱘ䂆䙌ⱘᅌ⫳໮ˈড䘢՚ˈ䲷ⱘ䂆䙌ⱘᅌ⫳ᇥDŽ
Róng yì de kè xuǎn de xuésheng duō, fǎnguòlái, nán de kè xuǎn de
xuésheng shǎo.

322
Answer key

7 a. 䵟ᄤདᰃདˈԚᰃ໾䌉њDŽ
䵟ᄤདᰃདˈԚᰃ໾䊈њDŽ
Xiézi hǎo shì hǎo, dànshì tài guì le.
b. ↯㸷དⳟᰃདⳟˈԚᰃ໾ᇣњDŽ
Máoyī hǎo kàn shì hǎo kàn, dànshì tài xiǎo le.
c. Ӌ䪅དᰃདˈԚᰃ䋻໾ᏂњDŽ
‫ۍ‬䣶དᰃདˈԚᰃ䉼໾ᏂњDŽ
Jiàqian hǎo shì hǎo, dànshì huò tài chà le.
d. ໻ᇣড়䗖ᰃড়䗖ˈԚᰃ买㡆໾⎵њDŽ
໻ᇣড়䘽ᰃড়䘽ˈԚᰃ丨㡆໾⎵њDŽ
Dà xiǎo héshì shì héshì, dànshì yánsè tài dàn le.
e. ⱒ䋻݀ৌ໻ᰃ໻ˈԚᰃҎ໾໮њDŽ
ⱒ䉼݀ৌ໻ᰃ໻ˈԚᰃҎ໾໮њDŽ
Bǎihuò gōngsī dà shì dà, dànshì rén tài duō le.

8 a. ii b. ii c. iii

42 Expressing sequence

1 a. ཌྷϞ䇒ҹࠡˈৗᮽ佁њDŽ
ཌྷϞ䂆ҹࠡˈৗᮽ仃њDŽ
Tā shàng kè yǐqián, chī zǎofàn le.
b. ཌྷϞ䇒ҹࠡˈⳟ᡹㒌њDŽ
ཌྷϞ䂆ҹࠡˈⳟฅ㋭њDŽ
Tā shàng kè yǐqián, kàn bàozhǐ le.
c. ཌྷϞ䇒ҹࠡˈ໡дЁ᭛њDŽ
ཌྷϞ䂆ҹࠡˈᕽ㖦Ё᭛њDŽ
Tā shàng kè yǐqián, fùxí Zhōngwén le.
d. ཌྷϞ䇒ҹࠡˈ਀䷇ФњDŽ
ཌྷϞ䂆ҹࠡˈ㙑䷇ῖњDŽ
Tā shàng kè yǐqián, tīng yīnyuè le.
e. Ϟ䇒ҹࠡˈཌྷ೼݀ು䞠䎥ℹњDŽ
Ϟ䂆ҹࠡˈཌྷ೼݀೦㺣䎥ℹњDŽ
Shàng kè yǐqián, tā zài gōngyuán lǐ pǎo bù le.

2 a. ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾝ҹࠡˈ԰ࡳ䇒DŽ
ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾎ҹࠡˈ԰ࡳ䂆DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng shuì jiào yǐqián zuò gōngkè.
b. ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾝ҹࠡˈⳟ⬉㾚DŽ
ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾎ҹࠡˈⳟ䳏㽪DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng shuì jiào yǐqián kàn diànshì.
c. ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾝ҹࠡˈ㒭᳟টᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾎ҹࠡˈ㌺᳟টᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng shuì jiào yǐqián gěi péngyou dǎ diànhuà.
323
ANSWER KEY

d. ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾝ҹࠡˈ⋫╵DŽ
ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾎ҹࠡˈ⋫╵DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng shuì jiào yǐqián xǐ zǎo.
e. ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾝ҹࠡˈⳟ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊDŽ
ᇣ⥟ⴵ㾎ҹࠡˈⳟ䳏ᄤ䛉ӊDŽ
Xiǎo Wáng shuì jiào yǐqián kàn diànzi yóujiàn.

3 a. ᇣ⥟㗗њ䆩ҹৢˈᛇএⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
ᇣ⥟㗗њ䀺ҹᕠˈᛇএⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Xiǎo Wáng kǎo (le) shì yǐhòu, xiǎng kàn diànyǐng.
b. ᇣ⥟㗗њ䆩ҹৢˈᛇএୱ੪ଵDŽ
ᇣ⥟㗗њ䀺ҹᕠˈᛇএୱ੪ଵDŽ
Xiǎo Wáng kǎo le shì yǐhòu, xiǎng qù hē kāfēi.
c. ᇣ⥟㗗 њ 䆩ҹৢˈᛇⴵ㾝DŽ
ᇣ⥟㗗 њ 䀺ҹᕠˈᛇⴵ㾎DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng kǎo (le) shì yǐhòu, xiǎng shuì jiào.
d. ᇣ⥟㗗 њ 䆩ҹৢˈᛇ䎳᳟টϔ䍋ᄺдDŽ
ᇣ⥟㗗 њ 䀺ҹᕠˈᛇ䎳᳟টϔ䍋ᅌ㖦DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng kǎo (le) shì yǐhòu, xiǎng gēn péng you yīqǐ xuéxí.
e. ᇣ⥟㗗 њ 䆩ҹৢˈᛇএᠧ㔥⧗DŽ
ᇣ⥟㗗 њ 䀺ҹᕠˈᛇএᠧ㎆⧗DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng kǎo (le) shì yǐhòu, xiǎng qù dǎ wǎngqiú.

4 a. ⥟吣亲↩њϮҹৢˈህএᮙ㸠DŽ
⥟區亯⬶њὁҹᕠˈህএᮙ㸠DŽ
Wáng Péngfēi bì le yè yǐhòu, jiù qù lǚxíng.
b. ᓴ㣍↩њϮҹৢˈህᡒᎹ԰DŽ
ᔉ㣍⬶њὁҹᕠˈህᡒᎹ԰DŽ
Zhāng Píng bì le yè yǐhòu, jiù zhǎo gōngzuò.
c. 䰜⥿⦆↩њϮҹৢˈህ㒧ီDŽ
䱇⥿⦆⬶њὁҹᕠˈህ㌤ီDŽ
Chén Méilíng bì le yè yǐhòu, jiù jiéhūn.
d. ᕤЗᒋ↩њϮҹৢˈህ䇏ⷨお᠔DŽ
ᕤЗᒋ⬶њὁҹᕠˈህ䅔ⷨお᠔DŽ
Xú Nǎikāng bì le yè yǐhòu, jiù dú yánjiūsui.

5 a. I did not go to bed until 11:30 p.m. last night. b. He did not show up
until after the exam had started. c. We did not start learning to write Chinese
characters until second semester. d. He did not do his homework last night until
he had finished watching the movie. e. We went to class at 2:00, but the teacher
did not come until 2:10.

6 a. 䰜⥿⦆‫ܜ‬ৗᮽ佁‫ⳟݡ‬᡹㒌DŽ
䱇⥿⦆‫ܜ‬ৗᮽ仃‫ⳟݡ‬ฅ㋭DŽ
Chén Méilíng xiān chī zǎofàn zài kàn bàozhǐ.

324
Answer key

b. 䰜⥿⦆‫ⳟܜ‬᡹㒌‫ݡ‬এϞ䇒DŽ
䱇⥿⦆‫ⳟܜ‬ฅ㋭‫ݡ‬এϞ䂆DŽ
Chén Méilíng xiān kàn bàozhǐ zài qù shàng kè.
c. 䰜⥿⦆‫ܜ‬ಲᆊ‫ݡ‬԰ࡳ䇒DŽ
䱇⥿⦆‫ܜ‬ಲᆊ‫ݡ‬԰ࡳ䂆DŽ
Chén Méilíng xiān huí jiā zài zuò gōngkè.
d. 䰜⥿⦆‫ܜ‬԰ࡳ䇒‫ݡ‬㒗дᠧ㔥⧗DŽ
䱇⥿⦆‫ܜ‬԰ࡳ䂆‫ݡ‬㏈㖦ᠧ㎆⧗DŽ
Chén Méilíng xiān zuò gōngkè zài liànxí dǎ wǎngqiú.
e. 䰜⥿⦆‫ܜ‬ৗ佁‫ⳟݡ‬᳟টDŽ
䱇⥿⦆‫ܜ‬ৗ仃‫ⳟݡ‬᳟টDŽ
Chén Méilíng xiān chī fàn zài kàn péngyou.

7 a. ҹৢ/ᕠ yǐhòu b. ҹৢ/ᕠ yǐhòu, ህ jiù c. ҹࠡ yǐqián d. ҹৢ/ᕠ yǐhòu,

ᠡ cái e. ‫ ܜ‬xiān . . . ‫ ݡ‬zài f. ህ jiù
8 Sample reponse:

‫⋫ܜ‬᠟ˈ‫ݡ‬ᡞ㽓㑶ᷓߛ⠛ˈᠧ㲟DŽᠧ䍋⊵ҹৢˈࡴ⛁⊍䫙ˈ‫ݡˈ⊍צ‬ᡞ㲟‫צ‬䖯এˈ
㗏♦DŽ䖬≵᳝ܼ❳ህᣓߎᴹˈ♦㽓㑶ᷓDŽࡴ㊪ˈ‫ݡ‬ᡞ㲟‫צ‬ಲএˈࡴⲤDŽ㗏♦
ϔߚ䩳ˈ‫ݡ‬䍋䫙DŽ
‫⋫ܜ‬᠟ˈ‫ݡ‬ᡞ㽓㋙ᷓߛ⠛ˈᠧ㲟DŽᠧ䍋⊵ҹᕠˈࡴ➅⊍䤟ˈ‫ݡˈ⊍צ‬ᡞ㲟‫צ‬䘆এˈ
㗏♦DŽ䙘≦᳝ܼ❳ህᣓߎ՚ˈ♦㽓㋙ᷓDŽࡴ㊪ˈ‫ݡ‬ᡞ㲟‫צ‬ಲএˈࡴ呑DŽ㗏♦
ϔߚ䧬ˈ‫ݡ‬䍋䤟DŽ
Xiān xǐ shǒu, zài bǎ xīhóngshì qiēpiàn, dǎ dàn. Dǎqǐ pào yǐhòu, jiārè
yóuguō, dǎo yóu, zài bǎ dàn dàojìn qù, fānchǎo. Hái méi yǒu quán shóu jiù
náchūlái, chǎo xīhóngshì. Jiā táng, zài bǎ dàn dǎohuíqu, jiā yán. Fānchǎo yī
fēn zhōng, zài qǐ guō.

43 Expressing simultaneous situations

1 a. ᇣᴢϞ䇒ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬䎳ৠᄺ䇈䆱DŽ
ᇣᴢϞ䂆ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬䎳ৠᅌ䁾䁅DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ shàng kè de shíhou, gēn tóngxué shuō huà.
b. ᇣᴢ䍄䏃ⱘᯊ‫਀ˈ׭‬Ё᭛ᔩ䷇DŽ
ᇣᴢ䍄䏃ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬㙑Ё᭛䣘䷇DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ zǒu lù de shíhou, tīng Zhōngwén lùyīn.
c. ᇣᴢᓔ䔺ⱘᯊ‫਀ˈ׭‬᠟ᴎDŽ
ᇣᴢ䭟䒞ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬㙑᠟″DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ kāi chē de shíhou, tīng shǒujī
d. ᇣᴢৗ佁ⱘᯊ‫⬉ⳟˈ׭‬㾚DŽ
ᇣᴢৗ仃ⱘᰖ‫ⳟˈ׭‬䳏㽪DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ chī fàn de shíhou, kàn diànshì.

325
ANSWER KEY

e. ᇣᴢ䎳᳟ট㘞໽ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ୱ䜦DŽ
ᇣᴢ䎳᳟ট㘞໽ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬ୱ䜦DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ gēn péng you liáotiān de shíhou, hē jiǔ.
f. ᇣᴢⳟ⬉ᕅⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ৗϰ㽓DŽ
ᇣᴢⳟ䳏ᕅⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬ৗᵅ㽓DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ kàn diànyǐng de shíhou, chī dōngxi.
g. ᇣᴢ⋫╵ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ଅ℠DŽ
ᇣᴢ⋫╵ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬ଅ℠DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ xǐ zǎo de shíhou, chàng gē.
h. ᇣᴢ䏇㟲ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ଅ℠DŽ
ᇣᴢ䏇㟲ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬ଅ℠DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ tiào wǔ de shíhou, chàng gē.

2 a. ៥ᇣⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ϡ୰⃶ϞᄺDŽ
៥ᇣⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬ϡ୰ℵϞᅌDŽ
Wǒ xiǎo de shíhou, bù xǐhuan shàng xué.
b. Ҫ᯼໽ᰮϞಲᴹⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬Ꮖ㒣कϔ⚍њDŽ
Ҫ᯼໽ᰮϞಲ՚ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬Ꮖ㍧कϔ咲њDŽ
Tā zuótiān wǎnshang huí lai de shíhou, yǐjing shíyī diǎn le.
c. Ҫ䍄ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ϟ䲼њDŽ
Ҫ䍄ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬ϟ䲼њDŽ
Tā zǒu de shíhou, xià yǔ le.
d. 㗗䆩ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ᄺ⫳ϡ䆌䆆䆱DŽ
㗗䀺ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬ᅌ⫳ϡ䀅䃯䁅DŽ
Kǎo shì de shíhou, xuésheng bù xǔ jiǎng huà.
e. ᓔ䔺ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬᳔དϡ㽕⫼᠟ᴎDŽ
䭟䒞ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬᳔དϡ㽕⫼᠟″DŽ
Kāi chē de shíhou, zuì hǎo bù yào yòng shǒujī.
f. Դ䖯ᴹⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬៥೼ᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
Դ䘆՚ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬៥೼ᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Nǐ jìnlai de shíhou, wǒ zài dǎ diànhuà.
g. ៥ⴵ㾝ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬䇋ϡ㽕໻ໄ䇈䆱DŽ
៥ⴵ㾎ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬䂟ϡ㽕໻㙆䁾䁅DŽ
Wǒ shuì jiào de shíhou, qǐng bù yào dà shēng shuō huà.
h. ៥এᑈ೼࣫Ҁⱘᯊ‫׭‬䅸䆚ҪⱘDŽ
៥এᑈ೼࣫Ҁⱘᰖ‫׭‬䁡䄬ҪⱘDŽ
Wǒ qùnián zài Běijīng de shíhou rènshi tā de.

3 a. ᇣᴢϔ䖍Ϟ䇒ˈϔ䖍䎳ৠᄺ䇈䆱DŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞Ϟ䂆ˈϔ䙞䎳ৠᅌ䁾䁅DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān shàng kè, yībiān gēn tóngxué shuō huà.
b. ᇣᴢϔ䖍䍄䏃ˈϔ䖍਀Ё᭛ᔩ䷇DŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞䍄䏃ˈϔ䙞㙑Ё᭛䣘䷇DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān zǒu lù, yībiān tīng Zhōngwén lùyīn.

326
Answer key

c. ᇣᴢϔ䖍ᓔ䔺ˈϔ䖍਀᠟ᴎDŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞䭟䒞ˈϔ䙞㙑᠟″DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān kāi chē, yībiān tīng shǒujī.
d. ᇣᴢϔ䖍ৗ佁ˈϔ䖍ⳟ⬉㾚DŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞ৗ仃ˈϔ䙞ⳟ䳏㽪DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān chī fàn, yībiān kàn diànshì.
e. ᇣᴢϔ䖍䎳᳟ট㘞໽ˈϔ䖍ୱ䜦DŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞䎳᳟ট㘞໽ˈϔ䙞ୱ䜦DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān gēn péngyou liáotiān, yībiān hē jiǔ.
f. ᇣᴢϔ䖍ⳟ⬉ᕅˈϔ䖍ৗϰ㽓DŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞ⳟ䳏ᕅˈϔ䙞ৗᵅ㽓DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān kàn diànyǐng, yībiān chī dōngxi.
g. ᇣᴢϔ䖍⋫╵ˈϔ䖍ଅ℠DŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞⋫╵ˈϔ䙞ଅ℠DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān xǐ zǎo, yībiān chàng gē.
h. ᇣᴢϔ䖍䏇㟲ˈϔ䖍ଅ℠DŽ
ᇣᴢϔ䙞䏇㟲ˈϔ䙞ଅ℠DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ yībiān tiào wǔ, yībiān chàng gē.

4 ᇣᴢজーজឦDŽҪ䇈ⱘЁ᭛জ᜶জϡ⏙ἮDŽҪ‫∝ⱘݭ‬ᄫজϡདⳟˈজϡᭈ唤DŽҪⱘ
ᆓ㟡জᇣজϡᑆ‫ޔ‬DŽҪ‫ⱘخ‬Ё೑佁জϡདⳟজϡདৗDŽ
ᇣᴢজーজ៊DŽҪ䁾ⱘЁ᭛জ᜶জϡ⏙ἮDŽҪᆿⱘ⓶ᄫজϡདⳟˈজϡᭈ唞DŽҪⱘ
ᆓ㟡জᇣজϡђ⎼DŽҪ‫ⱘخ‬Ё೟仃জϡདⳟজϡདৗDŽ
Xiǎo Li yòu bèn yòu lǎn. Tā shuō de Zhōngwén yòu màn yòu bù qīngchu. Tā
xiě de Hàn zì yòu bù hǎo kàn, yòu bù zhěngqí. Tā de sùshè yòu xiǎo yòu bù
gānjìng. Tā zuò de zhōngguó fàn yòu bù hǎo kàn yòu bù hǎo chī.

5 a. Ҟ໽໪䖍জࠂ亢জϟ䲼DŽ
Ҟ໽໪䙞জ亇乼জϟ䲼DŽ
Jīntiān wàibian yòu guā fēng yòu xià yǔ.
b. ៥䖯ᆓ㟡ⱘᯊ‫׭‬៥ⱘৠሟ೼‫ࡳخ‬䇒DŽ
៥䘆ᆓ㟡ⱘᰖ‫׭‬៥ⱘৠሟ೼‫ࡳخ‬䂆DŽ
Wǒ jìn sùshè de shíhou wǒ de tóngwū zài zuò gōngkè.
c. Ҫ਀ⴔ䷇Ф‫ࡳخ‬䇒DŽ
Ҫ㙑㨫䷇ῖ‫ࡳخ‬䂆DŽ
Tā tīngzhe yīnyuè zuò gōngkè.
d. ៥䖯ሟᄤⱘᯊ‫׭‬Ҫℷ೼ᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
៥䘆ሟᄤⱘᰖ‫׭‬Ҫℷ೼ᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Wǒ jìn wūzi de shíhou tā zhèngzài dǎ diànhuà.
e. Ҫϔ䖍ᠧ⬉䆱ϔ䖍ⳟ⬉㾚DŽ
Ҫϔ䙞ᠧ䳏䁅ϔ䙞ⳟ䳏㽪DŽ
Tā yībiān dǎ diànhuà yībiān kàn diànshì.

327
ANSWER KEY

f. ৠᯊˈ䖬೼⬉㛥Ϟⳟ⬉ֵDŽ
ৠᰖˈ䙘೼䳏㜺Ϟⳟ䳏ֵDŽ
Tóngshí, hái zài diànnǎo shàng kàn diànxìn.
g. ㄝࠄҪᠧᅠњ⬉䆱៥Ꮖ㒣ⴵⴔњDŽ
ㄝࠄҪᠧᅠњ䳏䁅៥Ꮖ㍧ⴵ㨫њDŽ
Děngdào tā dǎ wán le diànhuà wǒ yǐjing shuìzháo le.
h. 䙷Ͼ೑ᆊϔᮍ䴶㽕থሩ㒣⌢ˈϔᮍ䴶㽕⊼䞡⦃ֱDŽ
䙷‫ן‬೟ᆊϔᮍ䴶㽕ⱐሩ㍧△ˈϔᮍ䴶㽕⊼䞡⪄ֱDŽ
Nàge guójiā yīfāngmiàn yào fāzhǎn jīngjì, yīfāngmiàn yào zhùzhòng
huán bǎo.

6 (Free response.)

44 Expressing cause and effect or reason and result

1 a. ಴Ў៥୰⃶Ё೑᭛࣪ˈ᠔ҹ೼ᄺЁ᭛DŽ
಴⠆៥୰ℵЁ೟᭛࣪ˈ᠔ҹ೼ᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Yīnwei wǒ xǐhuan Zhōngguó wénhuà, suiyǐ zài xué Zhōngwén.
b. ಴Ў៥೼ᄺЁ᭛ˈ᠔ҹᡒњϔϾЁ೑ৠሟDŽ
಴⠆៥೼ᅌЁ᭛ˈ᠔ҹᡒњϔ‫ן‬Ё೟ৠሟDŽ
Yīnwei wǒ zài xué Zhōngwén, suiyǐ zhǎo le yī gè Zhōngguó tóngwū.
c. ಴Ў៥᯼໽⮙њˈ᠔ҹ≵এϞ䇒DŽ
಴⠆៥᯼໽⮙њˈ᠔ҹ≦এϞ䂆DŽ
Yīnwei wǒ zuótiān bìng le, suiyǐ méi qù shàng kè.
d. ಴Ў៥᯼໽≵এϞ䇒ˈ᠔ҹϡⶹ䘧Ҟ໽᳝㗗䆩DŽ
಴⠆៥᯼໽≦এϞ䂆ˈ᠔ҹϡⶹ䘧Ҟ໽᳝㗗䀺DŽ
Yīnwei wǒ zuótiān méi qù shàng kè, suiyǐ bù zhīdào jīntiān yǒu kǎoshì.
e. ಴Ў៥ϡⶹ䘧Ҟ໽᳝㗗䆩ˈ᠔ҹ≵᳝‫ޚ‬໛DŽ
಴⠆៥ϡⶹ䘧Ҟ໽᳝㗗䀺ˈ᠔ҹ≦᳝⑪‫٭‬DŽ
Yīnwei wǒ bù zhīdào jīntiān yǒu kǎoshì, suiyǐ méi yǒu zhǔnbèi.
f. ಴Ў៥≵᳝‫ޚ‬໛ˈ᠔ҹ㗗ᕫᕜϡདDŽ
಴⠆៥≦᳝⑪‫ˈ٭‬᠔ҹ㗗ᕫᕜϡདDŽ
Yīnwei wǒ méi yǒu zhǔnbèi, suiyǐ kǎo de hěn bù hǎo.
g. ಴Ў៥㗗ᕫᕜϡདˈ᠔ҹᕜϡ催݈DŽ
಴⠆៥㗗ᕫᕜϡདˈ᠔ҹᕜϡ催㟜DŽ
Yīnwei wǒ kǎo de hěn bù hǎo, suiyǐ hěn bù gāoxīng.
h. ಴Ў៥ᕜϡ催݈ˈ᠔ҹ៥ⱘৠሟҞ໽ᰮϞ䇋៥ৗЁ೑佁DŽ
಴⠆៥ᕜϡ催㟜ˈ᠔ҹ៥ⱘৠሟҞ໽ᰮϞ䂟៥ৗЁ೟仃DŽ
Yīnwei wǒ hěn bù gāoxīng, suiyǐ wǒ de tóngwū jīntiān wǎnshang qǐng
wǒ chī Zhōngguó fàn.
2 a. Because he was sick, he has not come to class for three days. b. The reason why
he wants to study in China is that he is very interested in Chinese

328
Answer key

pop music. c. The reason why I am inviting you to dinner is that I want to
introduce you to a Chinese friend. d. Because he is homesick, he can’t eat or sleep.
e. Because of the heavy snow, I am not going to any of my evening classes. f. The
reason why I did not come to the exam was that I did not know there was an
exam. g. The reason why I did not finish writing my report was that my computer
is broken. h. Because of exams, students recently have been drinking less.

3 a. ៥এৄ⑒ᰃЎњᮙ␌DŽ
៥এ㟎☷ᰃ⠆њᮙ␌DŽ
Wǒ qù Táiwān shì wèile lǚyóu.
b. ҪএЁ೑ᰃЎњᡒᎹ԰DŽ
ҪএЁ೟ᰃ⠆њᡒᎹ԰DŽ
Tā qù Zhōngguó shì wèile zhǎo gōngzuò.
c. ៥Ӏ䍄䏃ϞᄺᰃЎњ䬏⚐䑿ԧDŽ
៥‫ץ‬䍄䏃Ϟᅌᰃ⠆њ䤯✝䑿储DŽ
Wǒmen zǒu lù shàng xué shì wèile duànliàn shēntǐ.
d. ཌྷ䎳Ё೑Ҏ䇈䆱ᰃЎњ㒗дষ䇁DŽ
ཌྷ䎳Ё೟Ҏ䁾䁅ᰃ⠆њ㏈㖦ষ䁲DŽ
Tā gēn Zhōngguórén shuō huà shì wèile liànxí kiuyǔ.
e. ᄺ⫳Ӏ↣໽਀ᔩ䷇ᰃЎњᦤ催਀࡯DŽ
ᅌ⫳‫↣ץ‬໽㙑䣘䷇ᰃ⠆њᦤ催㙑࡯DŽ
Xuéshēngmen měitiān tīng lùyīn shì wèile tígāo tīnglì.
f. ៥ⱘৠሟএ೒к佚ᰃЎњ‫ޚ‬໛ᯢ໽ⱘ㗗䆩DŽ
៥ⱘৠሟএ೪᳌仼ᰃ⠆њ⑪‫٭‬ᯢ໽ⱘ㗗䀺DŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū qù túshūguǎn shì wèile zhǔnbèi míngtiān de kǎoshì.
g. ҪӀⳟЁ೑⬉ᕅᰃЎњњ㾷Ё೑᭛࣪DŽ
Ҫ‫ⳟץ‬Ё೟䳏ᕅᰃ⠆њⶁ㾷Ё೟᭛࣪DŽ
Tāmen kàn Zhòngguó diànyǐng shì wèile liáojiě Zhōngguó wénhuà.
h. ៥ᡒᓴ㗕ᏜᰃЎњ䇋‫؛‬DŽ
៥ᡒᔉ㗕᏿ᰃ⠆њ䂟‫؛‬DŽ
Wǒ zhǎo Zhāng lǎoshī shì wèile qǐng jià.
4 a. Why have you come to look for me? b. Why didn’t you go to the coffee shop?
c. Why didn’t you call me? d. How could you forget?
5 a. ಴Ў໻ᆊড়԰ⱘ݇㋏ˈ៥Ӏ៤ࡳњDŽ
಴⠆໻ᆊড়԰ⱘ䮰֖ˈ៥‫ץ‬៤ࡳњDŽ
Yīnwéi dàjiā hézuò de guānxi, wǒmen chénggōng le.
b. ៥ӀП᠔ҹ៤ࡳᰃ಴Ў໻ᆊⱘড়԰DŽ
៥‫ץ‬П᠔ҹ៤ࡳᰃ಴⠆໻ᆊⱘড়԰DŽ
Wǒmen zhī suiyǐ chénggōng shì yīnwéi dàjiā de hézuò.
c. ಴Ў໻ᆊⱘড়԰ˈ᠔ҹ៥Ӏ៤ࡳњDŽ
಴⠆໻ᆊⱘড়԰ˈ᠔ҹ៥‫ץ‬៤ࡳњDŽ
Yīnwéi dàjiā de hézuò, suiyǐ wǒmen chénggōng le.

329
ANSWER KEY

d. ⬅Ѣ໻ᆊⱘড়԰ˈ៥Ӏ៤ࡳњDŽ
⬅Ѣ໻ᆊⱘড়԰ˈ៥‫ץ‬៤ࡳњDŽ
Yóuyú dàjiā de hézuò, wǒmen chénggōng le.

6 (Free response.)

7 (Free response.)

45 Expressing conditions

1 a. Դ᳔ད䅽Դᓳᓳৗᮽ佁ˈ৺߭˄㽕ϡ✊˅ҪህӮ体ᕫϞϡњ䇒DŽ
Դ᳔ད䅧Դᓳᓳৗᮽ仃ˈ৺ࠛ˄㽕ϡ✊˅Ҫህ᳗仧ᕫϞϡњ䂆DŽ
Nǐ zuì hǎo ràng nǐ dìdi chī zǎofàn, fǒuzé (yàobùrán) tā jiù huì è de
shàngbùliǎo kè.
b. া㽕Դ䇋Դᓳᓳⳟ⬉ᕅˈҪህӮ催݈DŽ
া㽕Դ䂟Դᓳᓳⳟ䳏ᕅˈҪህ᳗催㟜DŽ
Zhǐ yào nǐ qǐng nǐ dìdi kàn diànyǐng, tā jiù huì gāoxìng.
c. 䰸䴲ԴᐂԴᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰Ϯˈ㽕ϡ✊˄৺߭˅Ҫ‫خ‬ϡᅠDŽ
䰸䴲ԴᐿԴᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ὁˈ㽕ϡ✊˄৺ࠛ˅Ҫ‫خ‬ϡᅠDŽ
Chúfēi nǐ bāng nǐ dìdi zuò zuòyè, yàobùrán (fǒuzé) tā zuòbuwán.
d. Դ᳔དᐂԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰Ϯˈ㽕ϡ✊Ҫ㗗ϡདDŽ
Դ᳔དᐿԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ὁˈ㽕ϡ✊Ҫ㗗ϡདDŽ
Nǐ zuìhǎo bāng nǐ de dìdi zuò zuòyè, yàobùrán (fǒuzé) tā kǎo bù hǎo.
e. া㽕Դ⫼ࡳˈԴϔᅮ㗗ᕫϞ໻ᄺDŽ
া㽕Դ⫼ࡳˈԴϔᅮ㗗ᕫϞ໻ᅌDŽ
Zhǐ yào nǐ yònggōng, nǐ yīdìng kǎodeshàng dàxué.
f. ህᰃԴᐂԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ϮˈҪг䆌䖬㗗ᕫϡདDŽ
ህᰃԴᐿԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ὁˈҪг䀅䙘㗗ᕫϡདDŽ
Jiù shì nǐ bāng nǐ de dìdi zuò zuòyè, tā yéxǔ hái kǎo de bù hǎo.
g. ህᰃԴᐂԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ϮˈҪ䖬ϡពDŽ
ህᰃԴᐿԴⱘᓳᓳ‫خ‬԰ὁˈҪ䙘ϡពDŽ
Jiù shì nǐ bāng nǐ de dìdi zuò zuòyè, tā hái bù dǒng.

2 a. 㽕ᰃ៥᳝䪅ˈ៥ህϡ⫼೼೒к佚Ꮉ԰DŽ
㽕ᰃ៥᳝䣶ˈ៥ህϡ⫼೼೪᳌仼Ꮉ԰DŽ
Yàoshi wǒ yǒu qián, wǒ jiù bù yòng zài túshūguǎn gōngzuò.
b. 㽕ᰃ៥ϡᎹ԰ˈ៥ህӮ᳝᳈໮ⱘᯊ䯈䇏кDŽ
㽕ᰃ៥ϡᎹ԰ˈ៥ህ᳗᳝᳈໮ⱘᰖ䭧䅔᳌DŽ
Yàoshi wǒ bù gōngzuò, wǒ jiù huì yǒu gèng duō de shíjiān dú shū.
c. 㽕ᰃ៥᳝᳈໮ⱘᯊ䯈䇏кˈ៥ⱘ៤㒽ህӮདϔ⚍DŽ
㽕ᰃ៥᳝᳈໮ⱘᰖ䭧䅔᳌ˈ៥ⱘ៤㐒ህ᳗དϔ咲DŽ
Yàoshi wǒ yǒu gèng duō de shíjiān dú shū, wǒ de chéngjì jiù huì hǎo
yīdiǎn.

330
Answer key

d. 㽕ᰃ៥ⱘ៤㒽ህདˈ៥ⱘ⠊↡ህӮᕜ催݈DŽ
㽕ᰃ៥ⱘ៤㐒ህདˈ៥ⱘ⠊↡ህ᳗ᕜ催㟜DŽ
Yàoshi wǒ de chéngjì jiù hǎo, wǒ de fùmǔ jiù huì hěn gāoxìng.
e. 㽕ᰃ៥ⱘ⠊↡催݈ˈҪӀህӮ㒭៥䪅DŽ
㽕ᰃ៥ⱘ⠊↡催㟜ˈҪ‫ץ‬ህ᳗㌺៥䣶DŽ
Yàoshi wǒ de fùmǔ gāoxìng, tāmen jiù huì gěi wǒ qián.
f. 㽕ᰃҪӀ㒭៥䪅ˈ៥ህϡ⫼Ꮉ԰њDŽ
㽕ᰃҪ‫ץ‬㌺៥䣶ˈ៥ህϡ⫼Ꮉ԰њDŽ
Yàoshi tāmen gěi wǒ qián, wǒ jiù bù yòng gōngzuò le.

3 a. བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥ህ‫ܜ‬䎳᳟ট‫׳‬䪅DŽ
བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥ህ‫ܜ‬䎳᳟ট‫׳‬䣶DŽ
Rúguǒ wǒ shì nǐ, wǒ jiù xiān gēn péng you jiè qián.
b. བᵰ៥㛑‫ࠄ׳‬䪅ˈ៥ህϡ⫼Ꮉ԰њDŽ
བᵰ៥㛑‫ࠄ׳‬䣶ˈ៥ህϡ⫼Ꮉ԰њDŽ
Rúguǒ wǒ néng jièdào qián, wǒ jiù bù yòng gōngzuò le.
c. བᵰ៥ϡ⫼Ꮉ԰ˈ៥ህӮ᳝᳈໮ᯊ䯈䇏кDŽ
བᵰ៥ϡ⫼Ꮉ԰ˈ៥ህ᳗᳝᳈໮ᰖ䭧䅔᳌DŽ
Rúguǒ wǒ bùyòng gōngzuò, wǒ jiù huì yǒu gèng duō shíjiān dú shū.
d. བᵰ៥᳝᳈໮ᯊ䯈䇏кˈ៥ⱘ៤㒽ህӮདDŽ
བᵰ៥᳝᳈໮ᰖ䭧䅔᳌ˈ៥ⱘ៤㐒ህ᳗དDŽ
Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu gèng duō shíjiān dú shū, wǒ de chéngjì jiù huì hǎo.
e. བᵰ៥ⱘ៤㒽དˈ៥ⱘ⠊↡ህӮᕜ催݈DŽ
བᵰ៥ⱘ៤㐒དˈ៥ⱘ⠊↡ህ᳗ᕜ催㟜DŽ
Rúguǒ wǒ de chéngjì hǎo, wǒ de fùmǔ jiù huì hěn gāoxìng.
f. བᵰ៥ⱘ⠊↡催݈ˈҪӀህӮ㒭៥䪅DŽ
བᵰ៥ⱘ⠊↡催㟜ˈҪ‫ץ‬ህ᳗㌺៥䣶DŽ
Rúguǒ wǒ de fùmǔ gāoxìng, tāmen jiù huì gěi wǒ qián.
g. བᵰҪӀ㒭៥䪅ˈ៥ህᡞ䪅䖬㒭៥ⱘ᳟টDŽ
བᵰҪ‫ץ‬㌺៥䣶ˈ៥ህᡞ䣶䙘㌺៥ⱘ᳟টDŽ
Rúguǒ tāmen gěi wǒ qián, wǒ jiù bǎ qián huán gěi wǒ de péngyou.

4 a. ‫׬‬㢹៥ᰃԴˈ៥ህ‫ܜ‬䎳៥ⱘ⠊↡‫׳‬䪅DŽ
‫׬‬㢹៥ᰃԴˈ៥ህ‫ܜ‬䎳៥ⱘ⠊↡‫׳‬䣶DŽ
Tǎngruò wǒ shì nǐ, wǒ jiù xiān gēn wǒ de fùmǔ jiè qián.
b. ‫׬‬㢹ҪӀ‫׳‬㒭៥䪅ˈ៥ህϡ⫼Ꮉ԰њDŽ
‫׬‬㢹Ҫ‫׳ץ‬㌺៥䣶ˈ៥ህϡ⫼Ꮉ԰њDŽ
Tǎngruò tāmen jiè gěi wǒ qián, wǒ jiù bù yòng gōngzuò le.
c. ‫׬‬㢹៥ϡᎹ԰ˈ៥ህ᳈ࡾ࡯ഄᄺдDŽ
‫׬‬㢹៥ϡᎹ԰ˈ៥ህ᳈ࡾ࡯ഄᅌ㖦DŽ
Tǎngruò wǒ bù gōngzuò, wǒ jiù gèng nǔlì de xuéxí.
d. ‫׬‬㢹៥ࡾ࡯ഄᄺдˈ៥ⱘ៤㒽ህӮ᳈དDŽ
‫׬‬㢹៥ࡾ࡯ഄᅌ㖦ˈ៥ⱘ៤㐒ህ᳗᳈དDŽ
Tǎngruò wǒ nǔlì de xuéxí, wǒ de chéngjì jiù huì gèng hǎo.

331
ANSWER KEY

e. ‫׬‬㢹៥ⱘ៤㒽དˈ៥ⱘ⠊↡ህӮᕜ催݈DŽ
‫׬‬㢹៥ⱘ៤㐒དˈ៥ⱘ⠊↡ህ᳗ᕜ催㟜DŽ
Tǎngruò wǒ de chéngjì hǎo, wǒ de fùmǔ jiù huì hěn gāoxìng.
f. ‫׬‬㢹៥ⱘ⠊↡催݈ˈҪӀህӮ㒭៥䪅DŽ
‫׬‬㢹៥ⱘ⠊↡催㟜ˈҪ‫ץ‬ህ᳗㌺៥䣶DŽ
Tǎngruò wǒ de fùmǔ gāoxìng, tāmen jiù huì gěi wǒ qián.
g. ‫׬‬㢹ҪӀ㒭៥䪅ˈ៥ህ⫼䖭ѯ䪅䖬ҪӀDŽ
‫׬‬㢹Ҫ‫ץ‬㌺៥䣶ˈ៥ህ⫼䗭ѯ䣶䙘Ҫ‫ץ‬DŽ
Tǎngruò tāmen gěi wǒ qián, wǒ jiù yòng zhè xiē qián huán tāmen.

5 (Free response.)

6 (Free response.)

46 Expressing ‘both,’ ‘all,’ ‘every,’ ‘any, ‘none,’ ‘not any,’ and

‘no matter how’

1 a. ៥Ӏ䛑୰⃶ᄺЁ᭛DŽ
៥‫ץ‬䛑୰ℵᅌЁ᭛DŽ
Wǒmen dōu xǐhuan xué Zhōngwén.
b. 䙷ѯк៥䛑фњDŽ
䙷ѯ᳌៥䛑䊋њDŽ
Nà xiē shū wǒ dōu mǎi le.
c. 䙷ѯк䛑ᕜ䌉DŽ
䙷ѯ᳌䛑ᕜ䊈DŽ
Nà xiē shū dōu hěn guì.
d. ᄺ⫳Ӏ䛑≵এϞ䇒DŽ
ᅌ⫳‫ץ‬䛑≦এϞ䂆DŽ
Xuéshēngmen dōu méi qù shàng kè.
e. Ё᭛᮹᭛៥䛑ᄺDŽ
Ё᭛᮹᭛៥䛑ᅌDŽ
Zhōngwén Rìwén wǒ dōu xué.
f. ᠔᳝ⱘࡳ䇒៥䛑‫خ‬ᅠњDŽ
᠔᳝ⱘࡳ䂆៥䛑‫خ‬ᅠњDŽ
Suiyiu de gōngkè wǒ dōu zuòwán le.
g. ҪϔϾᄫ䛑ϡӮ‫ݭ‬DŽ
Ҫϔ‫ן‬ᄫ䛑ϡ᳗ᆿDŽ
Tā yī gè zì dōu bù huì xiě.
h. ៥Ӏ䛑ϡ୰⃶䙷Ͼ㗕ᏜDŽ
៥‫ץ‬䛑ϡ୰ℵ䙷‫ן‬㗕᏿DŽ
Wǒmen dōu bù xǐhuan nàge lǎoshī.

332
Answer key

2 a. ા‫ܓ‬/ા‫ܦ‬nǎr? b. ҔМ/⫮咑 shénme c. 䇕/䂄 shéi d. ҔМ/⫮咑 shénme

e. ҔМ/⫮咑 shénme f. ҔМ/⫮咑 shénme g. ޴/ᑒ jǐ h. ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 zěnme

3 a. ៥ҔМ⬉ᕅ䛑ϡᛇⳟDŽ
៥⫮咑䳏ᕅ䛑ϡᛇⳟDŽ
Wǒ shénme diànyǐng dōu bù xiǎng kàn.
I don’t want to watch any movie.
b. ៥ҔМସ䜦䛑ϡᛇୱDŽ
៥⫮咑ସ䜦䛑ϡᛇୱDŽ
Wǒ shénme píjiǔ dōu bù xiǎng hē.
I don’t want to drink any beer.
c. ៥䇕䛑ϡ䅸䆚DŽ
៥䂄䛑ϡ䁡䄬DŽ
Wǒ shéi dōu bù rènshi.
I do not know anyone.
d. 䖭ӊџ៥䇕䛑ϡᛇਞ䆝DŽ
䗭ӊџ៥䂄䛑ϡᛇਞ䀈DŽ
Zhè jiàn shì wǒ shéi dōu bù xiǎng gàosu.
I don’t want to tell anybody about this matter.
e. 䇕䛑ϡ㽕‫׳‬㒭៥䪅DŽ
䂄䛑ϡ㽕‫׳‬㌺៥䣶DŽ
Shéi dōu bù yào jiègěi wǒ qián.
Nobody wants to lend me money.
f. ៥ҔМ䛑ϡᛇ䎳Դ䇈DŽ
៥⫮咑䛑ϡᛇ䎳Դ䁾DŽ
Wǒ shénme dōu bù xiǎng gēn nǐ shuō.
I don’t want to tell you anything.
g. ાӊ↯㸷៥䛑ϡ୰⃶DŽ
ાӊ↯㸷៥䛑ϡ୰ℵDŽ
Nǎ jiàn máoyī wǒ dōu bù xǐhuan.
I do not like any of those sweaters.
h. ៥ᬒ‫؛‬ҔМഄᮍ䛑ϡএDŽ
៥ᬒ‫⫮؛‬咑ഄᮍ䛑ϡএDŽ
Wǒ fang jià shénme dìfang dōu bù qù.
I am not going anywhere during the break.

4 a. ៥ᗢМᄺгᄺϡӮDŽ
៥ᗢ咑ᅌгᅌϡ᳗DŽ
Wǒ zěnme xué yě xuébuhuì.
b. ៥ᗢМ䆄г䆄ϡԣDŽ
៥ᗢ咑㿬г㿬ϡԣDŽ
Wǒ zěnme jì yě jìbuzhù.

333
ANSWER KEY

c. ៥ᗢМ‫ݭ‬г‫ݭ‬ϡᅠDŽ
៥ᗢ咑ᆿгᆿϡᅠDŽ
Wǒ zěnme xiě yě xiěbuwán.
d. ៥ᗢМ⣰г⣰ϡⴔDŽ
៥ᗢ咑⣰г⣰ϡ㨫DŽ
Wǒ zěnme cāi yě cāibuzhāo.
e. ៥ᗢМⳟгⳟϡពDŽ
៥ᗢ咑ⳟгⳟϡពDŽ
Wǒ zěnme kàn yě kànbudǒng.
f. ៥ᗢМᛇгᛇϡ䍋ㄨḜᴹDŽ
៥ᗢ咑ᛇгᛇϡ䍋ㄨḜ՚DŽ
Wǒ zěnme xiǎng yě xiǎngbuqǐ dá’àn lai.

5 a. Ҫ䇕䛑ϡ୰⃶DŽ
Ҫ䂄䛑ϡ୰ℵDŽ
Tā shéi dōu bù xǐhuan.
b. ҪҔМџᚙ䛑ϡᜓᛣ‫خ‬DŽ
Ҫ⫮咑џᚙ䛑ϡ丬ᛣ‫خ‬DŽ
Tā shénme shìqing dōu bù yuànyi zuò.
c. ԴᗢМ䎳Ҫ䇈䆱Ҫ䛑ϡ਀DŽ
Դᗢ咑䎳Ҫ䁾䁅Ҫ䛑ϡ㙑DŽ
Nǐ zěnme gēn tā shuō huà tā dōu bù tīng.
d. ሟᄤ䞠ા‫ܓ‬䛑ᰃҪⱘϰ㽓DŽ
ሟᄤ㺣ા‫ܦ‬䛑ᰃҪⱘᵅ㽓DŽ
Wūzi lǐ nǎr dōu shì tā de dōngxi.
e. 㸷᳡໮М㛣Ҫгϡ⋫DŽ
㸷᳡໮咑傦Ҫгϡ⋫DŽ
Yīfu duōme zàng tā yě bù xǐ.
f. ҪᰮϞҔМᯊ‫׭‬䛑೼ⳟ⬉㾚DŽ
ҪᰮϞ⫮咑ᰖ‫׭‬䛑೼ⳟ䳏㽪DŽ
Tā wǎnshang shénme shíhòu dōu zài kàn diànshì.
g. ԴᗢМ䎳Ҫ䇈ˈҪ䛑ϡ݇⬉㾚DŽ
Դᗢ咑䎳Ҫ䁾ˈҪ䛑ϡ䮰䳏㽪DŽ
Nǐ zěnme gēn tā shuō, tā dōu bù guān diànshì.
h. ᮽϞԴᗢМিҪˈҪ䛑ϡ䝦DŽ
ᮽϞԴᗢ咑িҪˈҪ䛑ϡ䝦DŽ
Zǎoshang nǐ zěnme jiào tā, tā dōu bù xǐng.

6 䍉໾໾˖ Ҫ䇕䛑ϡᛇ㾕ǃҔМџ䛑ϡᛇ‫خ‬ǃા䞠䛑ϡᛇএǃҔМϰ㽓䛑
ϡৗDŽ
䍭໾໾˖ Ҫ䂄䛑ϡᛇ㽟ǃ⫮咐џ䛑ϡᛇ‫خ‬ǃા㺣䛑ϡᛇএǃ⫮咐ᵅ㽓䛑
ϡৗDŽ
Zhào tàitai: Tā shéi dōu bù xiǎng jiàn, shénme shì dōu bù xiǎng zuò,

334
Answer key

nǎli dōu bù xiǎng qù, shénme dōngxi dōu bù chī.

䛁໾໾˖ 䇕䛑䳔㽕ᯊ䯈དདഄᛇᛇDŽ
䛁໾໾˖ 䂄䛑䳔㽕ᰖ䭧དདഄᛇᛇDŽ
Guō tàitai: Shéi dōu xūyào shíjiān hǎohaode xiǎngxiang.

7 a. ↣໽䛑㽕䘯⢫ˈᮽϞϔ⃵ˈᰮϞϔ⃵DŽ
Měitiān dōu yào liù gǒu, zǎoshang yī cì, wǎnshang yī cì.
b. ↣ϸ໽⌛ϔ⃵㢅DŽ
↣ܽ໽╚ϔ⃵㢅DŽ
Měi liǎng tiān jiāo yī cì huā.
c. ↣Ͼ᯳ᳳᣓϔ⃵ֵDŽ
↣‫ן‬᯳ᳳᣓϔ⃵ֵDŽ
Měi ge xīngqī ná yī cì xìn.

47 Expressing location and distance

1 a. ए䰶೼ජⱘ㽓फ䖍DŽ
䝿䰶೼ජⱘ㽓फ䙞DŽ
Yīyuàn zài chéng de xīnán biān.
b. Ёᄺ೼ජⱘ㽓࣫䖍DŽ
Ёᅌ೼ජⱘ㽓࣫䙞DŽ
Zhōngxué zài chéng de xīběi biān.
c. ☿䔺キ೼ජⱘफ䖍DŽ
☿䒞キ೼ජⱘफ䙞DŽ
huǒchēzhàn zài chéng de nánbiān.
d. 䫊㸠೼ජⱘϰ䖍DŽ
䡔㸠೼ජⱘᵅ䙞DŽ
Yínháng zài chéng de dōngbian.
e. ݀ು೼␪ⱘে䖍DŽ
݀೦೼␪ⱘে䙞DŽ
Gōngyuán zài hú de yòubian.
f. ݀ು೼ජⱘ໪䖍DŽ
݀೦೼ජⱘ໪䙞DŽ
Gōngyuán zài chéng de wàibian.
g. 䫊㸠೼ԧ㚆佚ⱘ࣫䖍DŽ
䡔㸠೼储㚆仼ⱘ࣫䙞DŽ
Yínháng zài tǐyùguǎn de běibiān.
h. кᑫ೼Ёᄺⱘϰ䖍DŽ
᳌ᑫ೼Ёᅌⱘᵅ䙞DŽ
Shūdiàn zài zhōngxué de dōngbian.
i. ᆓ㟡੠ЁᄺⱘЁ䯈ᰃкᑫDŽ
ᆓ㟡੠ЁᅌⱘЁ䭧ᰃ᳌ᑫDŽ
Sùshè hé zhōngxué de zhōngjiān shì shūdiàn.

335
ANSWER KEY

j. ݀ುⱘᮕ䖍ᰃ␪DŽ
݀೦ⱘᮕ䙞ᰃ␪DŽ
Gōngyuán de pángbiān shì hú.

2 a. 催㭒ⱘে䖍ᰃ佊݈㤷DŽ
催㭒ⱘে䙞ᰃ伦㟜ᾂDŽ
Gāo Lěi de yòubian shì Ráo Xīngróng.
b. ᵫ䘧ԭⱘৢ༈ᰃ૤ᮄ㢅DŽ
ᵫ䘧ԭⱘᕠ丁ᰃ૤ᮄ㢅DŽ
Lín Dàoyú de hòutou shì Táng Xīnhuā.
c. ᕤЗᒋ೼䰜⥿⦆䎳૤ᮄ㢅ⱘЁ䯈DŽ
ᕤЗᒋ೼䱇⥿⦆䎳૤ᮄ㢅ⱘЁ䭧DŽ
Xú Nǎikāng zài Chén Méilíng gēn Táng Xīnhuā de zhōngjiān.
d. 䰜⥿⦆ⱘᎺ䖍ᰃ⥟吣亲DŽ
䱇⥿⦆ⱘᎺ䙞ᰃ⥟區亯DŽ
Chén Méilíng de zuǒbian shì Wáng Péngfēi.
e. ᕤЗᒋⱘࠡ䖍ᰃ偀௝㕢DŽ
ᕤЗᒋⱘࠡ䙞ᰃ侀௝㕢DŽ
Xú Nǎikāng de qiánbian shì Mǎ Jiāměi.
f. ⥟吣亲ⱘে䖍ᰃ䰜⥿⦆DŽ
⥟區亯ⱘে䙞ᰃ䱇⥿⦆DŽ
Wáng Péngfēi de yòubian shì Chén Méilíng.
g. ᵫ䘧ԭⱘᮕ䖍ᰃ偀௝㕢DŽ
ᵫ䘧ԭⱘᮕ䙞ᰃ侀௝㕢DŽ
Lín Dàoyú de pángbiān shì Mǎ Jiāměi.

3 a. ᠓ᄤⱘࠡ䖍
᠓ᄤⱘࠡ䙞
fángzi de qiánbian
b. ϸ䕚䔺ⱘЁ䯈
ܽ䓯䒞ⱘЁ䭧
liǎng liàng chē de zhōngjiān
c. ᠓ᄤⱘᎺ䖍
᠓ᄤⱘᎺ䙞
fángzi de zuǒbian
d. 䙷ϾҎⱘࠡ䖍
䙷‫ן‬Ҏⱘࠡ䙞
nèige rén de qiánbian
e. ḠᄤϞⱘк
ḠᄤϞⱘ᳌
zhuōzi shàng de shū
f. ে䖍ⱘ᠓ᄤ
ে䙞ⱘ᠓ᄤ
yòubian de fángzi

336
Answer key

g. ᄺ᷵ৢ䖍ⱘ☿䔺キ
ᅌ᷵ᕠ䙞ⱘ☿䒞キ
xuéxiào hòubian de huǒchēzhàn
h. ࠡ䖍ⱘ䙷ϾҎ
ࠡ䙞ⱘ䙷‫ן‬Ҏ
qiánbian de nàge rén
i. ⣿೼ḠᄤϞDŽ
䉧೼ḠᄤϞDŽ
Māo zài zhuōzi shàng.
j. ⢫೼᠓ᄤⱘৢ䖍DŽ
⢫೼᠓ᄤⱘᕠ䙞DŽ
Gǒu zài fángzi de hòubian.
k. ݀ು䞠᳝㢅DŽ
݀೦㺣᳝㢅DŽ
Gōngyuán lǐ yǒu huā.
l. ᠓ᄤ䞠≵ҎDŽ
᠓ᄤ㺣≦ҎDŽ
Fángzi lǐ méi rén.
m. ೒к佚䞠᳝ᄺ⫳DŽ
೪᳌仼㺣᳝ᅌ⫳DŽ
Túshūguǎn lǐ yǒu xuésheng.
n. ᆓ㟡䞠≵᳝⣿DŽ
ᆓ㟡㺣≦᳝䉧DŽ
Sùshè lǐ méi yǒu māo.

4 a. Դᆊ⾏໻ᄺ䖰DŽ
Դᆊ䲶໻ᅌ䘴DŽ
Nǐ jiā lí dàxué yuǎn.
b. Դᆊ⾏݀ುϡ䖰DŽ
Դᆊ䲶݀೦ϡ䘴DŽ
Nǐ jiā lí gōngyuán bù yuǎn.
c. Դᆊ⾏☿䔺キ䖰DŽ
Դᆊ䲶☿䒞キ䘴DŽ
Nǐ jiā lí huǒchēzhàn yuǎn.
d. ݀ು⾏໻ᄺ䖰DŽ
݀೦䲶໻ᅌ䘴DŽ
Gōngyuán lí dàxué yuǎn.
e. Դᆊ⾏亲ᴎഎᕜ䖰DŽ
Դᆊ䲶亯″จᕜ䘴DŽ
Nǐ jiā lí fēijīchǎng hěn yuǎn.
f. Դᆊ⾏໻ᄺ᳝कѠ݀䞠DŽ
Դᆊ䲶໻ᅌ᳝कѠ݀䞠DŽ
Nǐ jiā lí dàxué yǒu shí’èr gōnglǐ.

337
ANSWER KEY

g. Դᆊ⾏☿䔺キ᳝Ѩ݀䞠DŽ
Դᆊ䲶☿䒞キ᳝Ѩ݀䞠DŽ
Nǐ jiā lí huǒchēzhàn yǒu wǔ gōnglǐ.
h. ݀ು⾏亲ᴎഎ᳝Ѡकϝ݀䞠DŽ
݀೦䲶亯″จ᳝Ѡकϝ݀䞠DŽ
Gōngyuán lí fēijīchǎng yǒu èrshísān gōnglǐ.
i. ໻ᄺ⾏亲ᴎഎ᳝कϝ݀䞠DŽ
໻ᅌ䲶亯″จ᳝कϝ݀䞠DŽ
Dàxué lí fēijīchǎng yǒu shísān gōnglǐ.
j. Դᆊ⾏亲ᴎഎ᳝ѠकѨ݀䞠DŽ
Դᆊ䲶亯″จ᳝ѠकѨ݀䞠DŽ
Nǐ jiā lí fēijīchǎng yǒu èrshíwǔ gōnglǐ.

48 Talking about movement, directions, and means of

transportation

1 a. ໻ᄺ೼ા‫˛ܓ‬
໻ᅌ೼ા‫˛ܦ‬
Dàxué zài nǎr?
b. ࠄ໻ᄺᗢМ䍄˛
ࠄ໻ᅌᗢ咑䍄˛
Dào dàxué zěnme zǒu?
c. Ң䖭‫ࠄܓ‬এ໻ᄺᗢМ䍄˛
ᕲ䗭‫ࠄܦ‬এ໻ᅌᗢ咑䍄˛
Cóng zhèr dào qù dàxué zěnme zǒu?
d. Ңᆓ㟡ࠄкᑫᗢМ䍄˛
ᕲᆓ㟡ࠄ᳌ᑫᗢ咑䍄˛
Cóng sùshè dào shūdiàn zěnme zǒu?
e. ᕔᎺᢤ৫˛
ᕔᎺᢤ஢˛
Wǎng zui guǎi ma?
f. ᕔᎺᢤ䖬ᰃᕔেᢤ˛
ᕔᎺᢤ䙘ᰃᕔেᢤ˛
Wǎng zui guǎi háishi wǎng yòu guǎi?
g. ೒к佚೼Ꮊ䖍䖬ᰃ೼ে䖍˛
೪᳌仼೼Ꮊ䙞䙘ᰃ೼ে䙞˛
Túshūguǎn zài zuǒbian háishi zài yòubian?
h. Դⶹ䘧кᑫ೼ા䞠৫˛
Դⶹ䘧᳌ᑫ೼ા㺣஢˛
Nǐ zhīdao shūdiàn zài nǎli ma?

2 a. (1) Ң/ᕲ cóng (2) ࠄ dào (3) ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 zěnme b. (1) ϡ䍋 bùqǐ
(2) ϡⶹ䘧 bù zhīdào c. (1) ⶹ䘧 zhīdào (2) ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 zěnme

338
Answer key

d. (1) Ң/ᕲ cóng (2) ᕔ wǎng (3) 䖛/䘢 guò (4) ᢤ guǎi (5) 䍄 zǒu
(6) Ꮊ zui

3 a. ᕔϰ䍄DŽ
ᕔᵅ䍄DŽ
Wǎng dōng zǒu.
b. ೼Ёቅ䏃Ϟᕔϰ䍄DŽ
೼Ёቅ䏃Ϟᕔᵅ䍄DŽ
Zài Zhōngshān lù shàng wǎng dōng zǒu.
c. 䖛ϔϾ कᄫ 䏃ষDŽ
䘢ϔ‫ ן‬कᄫ 䏃ষDŽ
Guò yī gè (shízì) lùkǒu.
d. 䖛݀ು䏃DŽ
䘢݀೦䏃DŽ
Guò gōngyuán lù.
e. ‫ݡ‬ᕔϰ䍄DŽor ϔⳈᕔϰ䍄DŽ
‫ݡ‬ᕔᵅ䍄DŽor ϔⳈᕔᵅ䍄DŽ
Zài wǎng dōng zǒu. or Yīzhí wǎng dōng zǒu.
f. ೼೒к佚䏃ᕔেᢤDŽ
೼೪᳌仼䏃ᕔেᢤDŽ
Zài túshūguǎn lù wǎng yòu guǎi.
g. ϔⳈᕔࠡ䍄DŽ
Yīzhí wàng qián zǒu.
h. 䖛ϸϾ䏃ষDŽ
䘢ܽ‫ן‬䏃ষDŽ
Guò liǎng gè lùkǒu.
i. ೼㄀ϝϾ䏃ষᕔᎺᢤDŽ
೼㄀ϝ‫ן‬䏃ষᕔᎺᢤDŽ
Zài dì sān gè lùkiu wǎng zui guǎi.
j. 䙷ᰃⱑ␪䏃DŽ
Nà shì Bái hú lù.
k. ݀ು೼Դⱘে䖍DŽ
݀೦೼Դⱘে䙞DŽ
Gōng yuán zài nǐ de yòubian.

4 a. ៥Ӏᓔ䖯এњDŽ
៥‫ץ‬䭟䘆এњDŽ
Wǒmen kāi jìn qù le.
b. ៥Ӏ⠀ϞቅএњDŽ
៥‫ץ‬⠀ϞቅএњDŽ
Wǒmen pá shàng shān qù le.
c. ཌྷ䎥䖛ᴹњDŽ
ཌྷ䎥䘢՚њDŽ
Tā pǎo guò lái le.
339
ANSWER KEY

d. ҪӀ䛑䍄ߎএњDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬䛑䍄ߎএњDŽ
Tāmen dōu zǒu chū qù le.
e. ៥ᡞкᣓಲᴹњDŽ
៥ᡞ᳌ᣓಲ՚њDŽ
Wǒ bǎ shū ná huí lái le.
5 a. ៥ᰃത݀݅≑䔺ᴹⱘDŽ
៥ᰃത݀݅≑䒞՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zuò gōnggòng qìchē lái de.
b. ៥ᰃത䔺ᴹⱘDŽ
៥ᰃത䒞՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zuò chē lái de.
c. ៥ᰃ健㞾㸠䔺ᴹⱘDŽ
៥ᰃ俢㞾㸠䒞՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì qí zìxíngchē lái de.
d. ៥ᰃ䍄䏃ᴹⱘDŽ
៥ᰃ䍄䏃՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zǒu lù lái de.
e. ៥ᰃ健ᨽᠬ䔺ᴹⱘDŽ
៥ᰃ俢ᨽᠬ䒞՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì qí mótuōchē lái de.
f. ៥ᰃതഄ䪕ᴹⱘDŽ
៥ᰃതഄ䨉՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zuò dìtiě lái de.
6 a. dorm: D; b. library: G; c. park: A; d. school: H; e. bank: C; f. bookstore: F

49 Talking about clock time and calendar time

1 a. कϔ⚍ञ/कϔ咲ञ shíyī diǎn bàn b. 1:45 c. Ꮒकߚϗ⚍/Ꮒकߚϗ咲 chà
shífēn qī diǎn d. 3:15 e. ϗ⚍ಯक/ϗ咲ಯक qī diǎn sìshí f. 2:20 g. ܿ⚍䖛
ϔߚ/ܿ咲䘢ϔߚ bā diǎn guò yī fēn h. 9:25 i. ᏂѨߚ݁⚍ᏂѨߚ݁咲 chà wǔ
fēn liùdiǎn j. कѠ⚍䖛कѠߚ/कѠ咲䘢कѠߚ shí’èr diǎn guò shí’èr fēn

2 a. ϸϾ᯳ᳳ/ܽ‫ן‬᯳ᳳ liǎng gè xīngqī b. ϸ໽/ܽ໽ liǎng tiān c. ϸϾᇣᯊ/ܽ‫ן‬

ᇣᰖ liǎng gè xiǎoshí d. ϸϾᄺᳳ/ܽ‫ן‬ᅌᳳ liǎng gè xuéqī e. ϸߚ䩳/ܽߚ䧬
liǎng fēn zhōng f. ϸϾञ᯳ᳳ/ܽ‫ן‬ञ᯳ᳳ liǎng gè bàn xīngqī g. ϸ໽ञ/
ܽ໽ञ liǎng tiān bàn h. ϸߚञ䩳/ܽߚञ䧬 liǎng fēn bàn zhōng i. ϸϾञ᳜/
ܽ‫ן‬ञ᳜ liǎng gè bàn yuè j. ϸᑈञ/ܽᑈञ liǎng nián bàn
3 a. ϔббϝᑈϗ᳜ϔ᮹ yī jiǔ jiǔ sān nián qī yuè yī rì b. February 16, 1884
c. ѠƻѠϝᑈѨ᳜Ѡकϝ᮹ èr líng èr sān nián wǔ yuè èrshísān rì
d. March 27, 2005 e. ϔббܿᑈक᳜Ѩ᮹ yī jiǔ jiǔ bā nián shí yuè wǔ rì

340
Answer key

f. August 22, 2008 g. ѠƻѠѨᑈϔ᳜ϔ᮹ èr líng èr wǔ nián yī yuè yī rì

h. September 19, 1916
4 a. ⥟ᇣྍϞ᯳ᳳϔф亲ᴎ⼼њDŽ
⥟ᇣྍϞ᯳ᳳϔ䊋亯″⼼њDŽ
Wáng Xiǎomèi shàng xīngqīyī mǎi fēijī piào le.
b. ⥟ᇣྍϞ᯳ᳳಯ␌⋇њDŽ
Wáng Xiǎomèi shàng xīngqīsì yóuying le.
c. ⥟ᇣྍ䖭Ͼ or ϟϾ ᯳ᳳ᮹ಲᆊњDŽ
⥟ᇣྍ䗭‫ ן‬or ϟ‫ ן‬᯳ᳳ᮹ಲᆊњDŽ
Wáng Xiǎomèi zhège (or xià ge) xīngqīrì huí jiā le.
d. ⥟ᇣྍ䖭᯳ᳳ݁㗗Ё᭛DŽ
⥟ᇣྍ䗭᯳ᳳ݁㗗Ё᭛DŽ
Wáng Xiǎomèi zhè (gè) xīngqīliù kǎo Zhōngwén.
e. ⥟ᇣྍϟ᯳ᳳ᮹ⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
⥟ᇣྍϟ᯳ᳳ᮹ⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wáng Xiǎomèi xià (gè) xīngqīrì kàn diànyǐng.
f. ⥟ᇣྍϟ᯳ᳳѠ਀䷇ФӮDŽ
⥟ᇣྍϟ᯳ᳳѠ㙑䷇ῖ᳗DŽ
Wáng Xiǎomèi xià xīngqī èr tīng yīnyuèhuì.
g. ⥟ᇣྍϟ᯳ᳳѨⳟ᳟টDŽ
Wáng Xiǎomèi xià xīngqīwǔ kàn péngyou.

5 a. ໻ࠡ໽ dàqiántiān b. ࠡ໽ qiántiān c. ᯼໽ zuótiān d. Ҟ໽ jīntiān

e. ᯢ໽ míngtiān f. ৢ໽/ᕠ໽ hòutiān g. ໻ৢ໽/໻ᕠ໽ dà hòutiān
6 a. ݁⚍䩳/݁咲䧬 liù diǎn zhōng
b. ϔϾञᇣᯊ/ϔ‫ן‬ञᇣᰖ yī gè bàn xiǎoshí
c. ໽⇨ϡད/໽⇷ϡད tiānqì bù hǎo
d. 337ো/337㰳 337 hào
e. ϔࠏ䩳ҹৢ/ϔࠏ䧬ҹᕠ yī kè zhōng yǐhòu
f. িᮙᅶ偀Ϟⱏᴎ/িᮙᅶ侀Ϟⱏ″ jiào lǚkè mǎshàng dēngjī
g. ᰮϞ7:45 wǎnshang 7:45
h. ≦᳝ méi yǒu
i. ࠄ᳡ࡵৄএࡲ⧚ᤶᴎ᠟㓁
ࠄ᳡ࢭৄএ䕺⧚᦯″᠟㑠
Dào fúwùtái qù bànlǐ huànjī shǒuxù.
j. कϝϾञᇣᯊ
कϝ‫ן‬ञᇣᰖ
shísān gè bàn xiǎoshí
k. ᰮϞܿ⚍䩳/ᰮϞܿ咲䧬 wǎnshang bādiǎn zhōng
l. ϔϾᇣᯊ/ϔ‫ן‬ᇣᰖ yī gè xiǎoshí
m. 666ো⧁ᴎᏆ㒣ࠄ䖒њDŽ
666㰳⧁″Ꮖ㍧ࠄ䘨њDŽ
666 hào bānjī yǐjing dàodá le.
341
ANSWER KEY

n. ࠄ乚প㸠ᴢ໘এDŽ
ࠄ䷬প㸠ᴢ㰩এDŽ
Dào lǐngqǔ xíngli chù qù.
o. ৃҹDŽԴৃҹ೼ᣛᅮⱘ਌⚳ऎ਌⚳DŽ
ৃҹDŽԴৃҹ೼ᣛᅮⱘ਌⚳औ਌✭DŽ
Kěyǐ. Nǐ kěyǐ zài zhǐdìng de xīyān qū xīyān.
7 ϗ᳜ࠄб᳜៥Ӏᕫ䅶ᨘᕅᏜǃ㢅ᑫǃ࣪ཚᏜǃб᳜ࠄक᳜‫އ‬ᅮ䇋ᅶৡऩDŽक᳜ህᕫ
䅶എഄDŽकϔ᳜ᰃ䅶佁ᑫǃф⼐᳡DŽकѠ᳜㽕䆒䅵䇋ᏪDŽᯢᑈϔ᳜䆄ᕫ⊼‫⼐ݠ‬⠽DŽ
Ѡ᳜㽕⹂䅸᠔᳝乘㑺ⱘ乍ⳂDŽϝ᳜ф៦ᣛˈ᳜݁㽕‫އ‬ᅮᑻԡˈ੠⹂ᅮ‫⿟⌕⼐݌‬DŽ
ϗ᳜ࠄб᳜៥‫ץ‬ᕫ㿖᫱ᕅ᏿ǃ㢅ᑫǃཱ࣪᏿ǃб᳜ࠄक᳜≎ᅮ䂟ᅶৡஂDŽक᳜ህᕫ
㿖จഄDŽकϔ᳜ᰃ㿖仃ᑫǃ䊋⾂᳡DŽकѠ᳜㽕䀁㿜䂟ᏪDŽᯢᑈϔ᳜㿬ᕫ䀏‫⾂ݞ‬⠽DŽ
Ѡ᳜㽕⺎䁡᠔᳝䷤㋘ⱘ䷙ⳂDŽϝ᳜䊋៦ᣛˈ᳜݁㽕≎ᅮᑻԡˈ੠⺎ᅮ‫⿟⌕⾂݌‬DŽ
Qīyuè dào jiǔyuè wǒmen děi dìng shèyǐng shī, huādiàn, huàzhuāng shī.
Jiǔyuè dào shíyuè juédìng qǐngkè míngdān. Shíyuè jiù děi dìng chǎngdì.
Shíyīyuè shì dìng fàndiàn, mǎi lǐ fú. Shí’èryuè yào shèjì qǐngtiě. Míngnián
yīyuè jìde zhùcè lǐwù. Èryuè yào quèrèn suiyiu yùyuē de xiàngmù. Sānyuè
mǎi jièzhi, liùyuè yào juédìng zuòwèi, hé quèdìng diǎnlǐ liúchéng.

50 Expressing obligations and prohibitions

1 a. ⦄೼៥Ӏᕫ䍄њDŽ
⧒೼៥‫ץ‬ᕫ䍄њDŽ
Xiànzài wǒmen děi zǒu le.
b. ԴϔϾҎ೼ᄺ᷵ˈ㽕✻乒ད㞾ᏅDŽ
Դϔ‫ן‬Ҏ೼ᅌ᷵ˈ㽕✻主ད㞾ᏅDŽ
Nǐ yī gè rén zài xuéxiào, yào zhàogù hǎo zìjǐ.
c. Դ㽕ᮽⴵᮽ䍋DŽ
Nǐ yào zǎo shuì zǎo qǐ.
d. ߹ⴵᕫ໾ᰮDŽ
Bié shuì dé tài wǎn.
e. ঺໪ˈԴ㽕ᣝᯊϞ䇒ˈᣝᯊѸ԰ϮDŽ
঺໪ˈԴ㽕ᣝᰖϞ䂆ˈᣝᰖѸ԰ὁDŽ
Lìngwài, nǐ yào ànshí shàng kè, ànshí jiāo zuòyè.
f. 㗗䆩ⱘᯊ‫߿׭‬㋻ᓴDŽ
㗗䀺ⱘᰖ‫߹׭‬㎞ᔉDŽ
Kǎoshì de shíhou bié jǐnzhāng.
g. བᵰԴ᳝ӏԩ䯂乬ˈԴᑨ䆹䎳㗕Ꮬ䇈DŽ
བᵰԴ᳝ӏԩଣ丠ˈԴឝ䁆䎳㗕᏿䁾DŽ
Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu rènhé wèntí, nǐ yīnggāi gēn lǎoshī shuō.
h. བᵰ㾝ᕫϡ㟦᳡ˈԴᑨ䆹偀Ϟএए䰶DŽ
བᵰ㾎ᕫϡ㟦᳡ˈԴឝ䁆侀Ϟএ䝿䰶DŽ
Rúguǒ juéde bù shūfu, nǐ yīnggāi mǎshàng qù yīyuàn.

342
Answer key

i. 䖬᳝ˈԴᕫ↣໽㒭៥Ӏᠧ⬉䆱DŽ
䙘᳝ˈԴᕫ↣໽㌺៥‫ץ‬ᠧ䳏䁅DŽ
Hái yǒu, nǐ děi měitiān gěi wǒmen dǎ diànhuà.
2 a. ⽕ℶ jìnzhǐ ‘prohibit’ – spitting b. ࣓ wù ‘do not’ – parking c. ‫ ܡ‬miǎn ‘refrain
from’ – trespassing d. ⽕ℶ jìnzhǐ ‘prohibit’ – taking pictures e. ⽕ jìn ‘forbid’ –
drunk driving f. ࣓ wù ‘do not’ – smoking
3 a. ϡৃҹࠄ໘৤⯄DŽ
ϡৃҹࠄ㰩৤⯄DŽ
Bù kěyǐ dàochù tǔtán.
b. 䇋ϡ㽕೼䖭䞠‫ذ‬䔺DŽ
䂟ϡ㽕೼䗭㺣‫ذ‬䒞DŽ
Qǐng bù yào zài zhèli tíng chē.
c. ≵᳝џⱘҎϡ㽕䖯ᴹDŽ
≦᳝џⱘҎϡ㽕䘆՚DŽ
Méi yǒu shì de rén bù yào jìnlai.
d. ϡৃҹ✻ⳌDŽ
Bù kěyǐ zhào xiàng.
e. ୱ䜦ҹৢϡৃҹᓔ䔺DŽ
ୱ䜦ҹᕠϡৃҹ䭟䒞DŽ
Hē jiǔ yǐhòu bù kěyǐ kāi chē.
f. ϡৃҹ਌⚳DŽ
ϡৃҹ਌⚳DŽ
Bù kěyǐ xī yān.
4 a. ᠓⾳˖↣Ͼ᳜ѨোҹࠡᑨᔧѸ᠓⾳ϔगϸⱒഫDŽ
b. ᴖ䌍˖᠓ᅶᖙ乏㞾ᏅҬ㔥䏃䌍⫼ˈৃᰃϡᖙҬ∈⬉䌍DŽ
c. ᅴ⠽˖ϡ䆌‫ݏ‬ᅴ⠽DŽ
d. 㾘ⶽ˖⽕ℶᢑ⚳ǃकѠ⚍ҹৢ⽕ℶਉ䯍
e. 䆓ᅶ˖བᵰ䆓ᅶԣ䍙䖛कѨ໽ᖙ乏䗮ⶹ᠓ϰˈབᵰᇥѢकѨ໽߭᮴乏䗮ⶹDŽ
a. ᠓⾳˖↣‫ן‬᳜Ѩ㰳ҹࠡឝ⭊Ѹ᠓⾳ϔगܽⱒพDŽ
b. 䲰䊏˖᠓ᅶᖙ䷜㞾ᏅҬ㎆䏃䊏⫼ˈৃᰃϡᖙҬ∈䳏䊏DŽ
c. ᇉ⠽˖ϡ䀅仞ᇉ⠽DŽ
d. 㽣ⶽ˖⽕ℶᢑ✭ǃकѠ咲ҹᕠ⽕ℶਉ僻
e. 㿾ᅶ˖བᵰ㿾ᅶԣ䍙䘢कѨ໽ᖙ䷜䗮ⶹ᠓ᵅˈབᵰᇥᮐकѨ໽ࠛ⛵䷜䗮ⶹDŽ
a. fángzū: Měi ge yuè wǔhào yǐqián yīngdāng jiāo fángzū yīqiān liǎngbǎi kuài.
b. zá fèi: Fángkè bìxū zìjǐ fù wǎnglù fèiyòng, kěshì bùbì fù shuǐdiàn fèi.
c. chǒngwù: Bùxǔ yǎng chǒngwù.
d. guīju: Jìnzhǐ chōuyān, shí’èr diǎn yǐhòu jìnzhǐ chǎonào.
e. fǎngkè: Rúguǒ fǎngkè zhù chāoguò shíwǔ tiān bìxū tōngzhī fángdōng,
rúguǒ shǎo yú shíwǔ tiān zé wú xū tōngzhī.
5 (Free response.)

343
ANSWER KEY

51 Expressing commands and permission

1 a. ⳟ⬉㾚৻ʽ
ⳟ䳏㽪৻ʽ
Kàn diànshì ba!
b. 㒭Դⱘᓳᓳᠧ⬉䆱৻ʽ
㌺Դⱘᓳᓳᠧ䳏䁅৻ʽ
Gěi nǐ de dìdi dǎ diànhuà ba!
c. ৗ佁৻ʽ
ৗ仃৻ʽ
Chī fàn ba!
d. এⳟཊཊ৻ʽ
Qù kàn nǎinai ba!
e. 䇈䆱৻ʽ
䁾䁅৻ʽ
Shuō huà ba!
f. ⴵ㾝৻ʽ
ⴵ㾎৻ʽ
Shuì jiào ba!
g. ಲᆊ৻ʽ
Huí jiā ba!
h. ⋫╵৻ʽ
Xǐ zǎo ba!

2 a. ໻ᆊ݀⫼ⱘ᠓䯈ৃҹ਌⚳DŽ
໻ᆊ݀⫼ⱘ᠓䭧ৃҹ਌✭DŽ
Dàjiā gōngyòng de fángjiān kěyǐ xī yān.
b. ໻ᆊ݀⫼ⱘ᠓䯈ৃҹ‫خ‬佁DŽ
໻ᆊ݀⫼ⱘ᠓䭧ৃҹ‫خ‬仃DŽ
Dàjiā gōngyòng de fángjiān kěyǐ zuò fàn.
c. ৃҹ೼㞾Ꮕⱘ᠓䯈䞠ⳟ⬉㾚DŽ
ৃҹ೼㞾Ꮕⱘ᠓䭧㺣ⳟ䳏㽪DŽ
Kěyǐ zài zìjǐ de fángjiān lǐ kàn diànshì.
d. ৃҹ䇋᳟টᴹ㞾Ꮕⱘ᠓䯈DŽ
ৃҹ䂟᳟ট՚㞾Ꮕⱘ᠓䭧DŽ
Kěyǐ qǐng péngyou lái zìjǐ de fángjiān.
e. ᠓䯈䞠ϡৃҹ਌⚳DŽ
᠓䭧㺣ϡৃҹ਌✭DŽ
Fángjiān lǐ bù kěyǐ xī yān.
f. ᠓䯈䞠ϡৃҹୱ䜦DŽ
᠓䭧㺣ϡৃҹୱ䜦DŽ
Fángjiān lǐ bù kěyǐ hē jiǔ.

344
Answer key

g. ䷇Фⱘໄ䷇ϡ㛑໾໻DŽ
䷇ῖⱘ㙆䷇ϡ㛑໾໻DŽ
Yīnyuè de shēng yīn bù néng tài dà.
h. ᠓䯈䞠ϡৃҹ‫خ‬佁DŽ
᠓䭧㺣ϡৃҹ‫خ‬仃DŽ
Fángjiān lǐ bù kěyǐ zuò fàn.
i. ൗഒ㽕↣໽ᠨᥝDŽ
Lājī yào měitiān rēngdiào.
j. ᰮϞक⚍ҹࠡᖙ乏ಲᆓ㟡DŽ
ᰮϞक咲ҹࠡᖙ䷜ಲᆓ㟡DŽ
Wǎnshàng shí diǎn yǐqián bìxū huí sùshè.
k. ᰮϞकϔ⚍ϝक݇♃DŽ
ᰮϞकϔ咲ϝक䮰➜DŽ
Wǎnshàng shí yī diǎn sānshí guān dēng.

3 a. Ϟ䇒߿䖳ࠄDŽ
Ϟ䂆߹䙆ࠄDŽ
Shàng kè bié chídào.
b. Ϟ䇒ϡ䆌ৗϰ㽓DŽ
Ϟ䂆ϡ䀅ৗᵅ㽓DŽ
Shàng kè bù xǔ chī dōngxi.
c. Ϟ䇒ϡ䆌ୱ佂᭭DŽ
Ϟ䂆ϡ䀅ୱ仆᭭DŽ
Shàng kè bù xǔ hē yǐnliào.
d. Ϟ䇒ҹࠡˈᡞ᠟ᴎ݇ᥝDŽ
Ϟ䂆ҹࠡˈᡞ᠟″䮰ᥝDŽ
Shàng kè yǐqián, bǎ shǒujī guāndiào.
e. Ϟ䇒ⱘᯊ‫׭‬ϡৃҹথⷁֵDŽ
Ϟ䂆ⱘᰖ‫׭‬ϡৃҹⱐⷁֵDŽ
Shàng kè de shíhou bù kěyǐ fā duǎnxìn.
f. ᄺ⫳ϡ‫ܕ‬䆌ᰮѸ԰ϮDŽ
ᅌ⫳ϡ‫ܕ‬䀅ᰮѸ԰ὁDŽ
Xuésheng bù yǔnxǔ wǎn jiāo zuòyè.
g. ᴹϞ䇒ҹࠡˈ໡д䇒᭛DŽ
՚Ϟ䂆ҹࠡˈᕽ㖦䂆᭛DŽ
Lái shàng kè yǐqián, fùxí kèwén.
h. ᳝䯂乬䇋В᠟DŽ
᳝ଣ丠䂟㟝᠟DŽ
Yǒu wèntí qǐng jǔ shǒu.

4 a. 㗕Ꮬϡ䅽៥ӀϞ䇒䖳ࠄDŽ
㗕᏿ϡ䅧៥‫ץ‬Ϟ䂆䙆ࠄDŽ
Lǎoshī bù ràng wǒmen shàng kè chídào.

345
ANSWER KEY

b. 㗕Ꮬϡ䅽៥ӀϞ䇒ৗϰ㽓DŽ
㗕᏿ϡ䅧៥‫ץ‬Ϟ䂆ৗᵅ㽓DŽ
Lǎoshī bù ràng wǒmen shàng kè chī dōngxi.
c. 㗕Ꮬϡ䅽៥ӀϞ䇒ୱ佂᭭DŽ
㗕᏿ϡ䅧៥‫ץ‬Ϟ䂆ୱ仆᭭DŽ
Lǎoshī bù ràng wǒmen shàng kè hē yǐnliào.
d. 㗕Ꮬϡ䅽៥ӀϞ䇒ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ᡞ᠟ᴎᓔⴔDŽ
㗕᏿ϡ䅧៥‫ץ‬Ϟ䂆ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬ᡞ᠟″䭟㨫DŽ
Lǎoshī bù ràng wǒmen shàng kè de shíhou, bǎ shǒujī kāizhe.
e. 㗕Ꮬϡ䅽៥ӀϞ䇒ⱘᯊ‫׭‬থⷁֵDŽ
㗕᏿ϡ䅧៥‫ץ‬Ϟ䂆ⱘᰖ‫ֵⷁⱐ׭‬DŽ
Lǎoshī bù ràng wǒmen shàng kè de shíhou fā duǎnxìn.
f. 㗕Ꮬϡ䅽៥ӀᰮѸ԰ϮDŽ
㗕᏿ϡ䅧៥‫ץ‬ᰮѸ԰ὁDŽ
Lǎoshī bù ràng wǒmen wǎn jiāo zuòyè.
g. 㗕Ꮬ䇈៥ӀϞ䇒ҹࠡᕫ໡д䇒᭛DŽ
㗕᏿䁾៥‫ץ‬Ϟ䂆ҹࠡᕫᕽ㖦䂆᭛DŽ
Lǎoshī shuō wǒmen shàng kè yǐqián děi fùxí kèwén.
h. 㗕Ꮬ䇈᳝䯂乬ᖙ乏В᠟DŽ
㗕᏿䁾᳝ଣ丠ᖙ䷜㟝᠟DŽ
Lǎoshī shuō yǒu wèntí bìxū jǔ shǒu.

5 Detective: ത zuò!
Detective: Դᰃ∳ᵒ৻˛Nǐ shì Jiāng Sōng ba?
Detective: 䇈ʽᰃ䇕䅽ԴًાϾ㢅⫊ⱘ˛
䁾ʽᰃ䂄䅧Դً䙷‫ן‬㢅⫊ⱘ˛
Shuō! Shì shéi rang nǐ tōu nàge huāpíng de?
Suspect: Nobody asked me to. Can I smoke?
Detective: 䖭䞠ϡ䆌ᢑ⚳DŽϡ䖛Դৃҹୱϔᵃ∈DŽᣓⴔʽ
䗭㺣ϡ䀅ᢑ✭DŽϡ䘢Դৃҹୱϔᵃ∈DŽᣓ㨫ʽ
Zhèlǐ bùxǔ chōu yān. Bùguò nǐ kěyǐ hē yī bēi shuǐ. Názhe!
Detective: Դ‫ޚ‬໛ད㽕‫ݭ‬㞾ⱑњ৫˛䖭ᰃ㒌੠ヨDŽ‫৻ݭ‬ʽ
Դ⑪‫٭‬ད㽕ᆿ㞾ⱑњ஢˛䗭ᰃ㋭੠ㄚDŽᆿ৻˛
Nǐ zhǔnbèi hǎo yào xiě zìbái le ma? Zhè shì zhǐ hé bǐ. Xiě ba!

52 Expressing ability and possibility

1 a. ៥Ӯ䇈᮹䇁DŽ
៥᳗䁾᮹䁲DŽ
Wǒ huì shuō Rìyǔ.
b. ៥ᕜӮଅ℠DŽ
៥ᕜ᳗ଅ℠DŽ
Wǒ hěn huì chàng gē.

346
Answer key

c. ៥Ӯ䏇㟲DŽ
៥᳗䏇㟲DŽ
Wǒ huì tiào wǔ.
d. ៥Ӯᠧ㇂⧗DŽ
៥᳗ᠧ㈗⧗DŽ
Wǒ huì dǎ lánqiú.
e. ៥ϡӮ䇈Ё᭛DŽ
៥ϡ᳗䁾Ё᭛DŽ
Wǒ bù huì shuō Zhōngwén.
f. ៥ϡӮᓔ䔺DŽ
៥ϡ᳗䭟䒞DŽ
Wǒ bù huì kāi chē.
g. ៥ϡӮ⫼⬉㛥DŽ
៥ϡ᳗⫼䳏㜺DŽ
Wǒ bù huì yòng diànnǎo.

2 a. Դϔ໽㛑ᄺ໮ᇥ∝ᄫ˛
Դϔ໽㛑ᅌ໮ᇥ⓶ᄫ˛
Nǐ yītiān néng xué duōshao Hàn zì?
b. 䖭⃵៥ϔᅮ㛑㗗དDŽ
䗭⃵៥ϔᅮ㛑㗗དDŽ
Zhècì wǒ yīdìng néng kǎo hǎo.
c. ៥ⱘৠሟ⮙њϡ㛑এϞ䇒DŽ
៥ⱘৠሟ⮙њϡ㛑এϞ䂆DŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū bìng le bù néng qù shàng kè.
d. ៥ᰮϞ≵џˈ㛑䎳ԴӀএⳟ⬉ᕅDŽ
៥ᰮϞ≦џˈ㛑䎳Դ‫ץ‬এⳟ䳏ᕅDŽ
Wǒ wǎnshang méi shì, néng gēn nǐmen qù kàn diànyǐng.

3 A: Do you think he will come tonight? B: I think he will definitely come.

A: But the weather forecast says that there will be a big snowstorm tonight.
B: If it snows heavily, he will not be able to come.

4 a. ҪҹࠡӮୱᕜ໮䜦DŽ⦄೼ϡӮњDŽ
Ҫҹ᳗ࠡୱᕜ໮䜦DŽ⧒೼ϡ᳗њDŽ
Tā yǐqián huì hē hěn duō jiǔ. Xiànzài bù huì le.
b. ಴ЎҪϔୱ䜦ህ㾝ᕫϡ㟦᳡њDŽ
಴⠆Ҫϔୱ䜦ህ㾎ᕫϡ㟦᳡њDŽ
Yīnwéi tā yī hē jiǔ jiù juéde bù shūfu le.
c. ҪৃҹୱৃФˈ≑∈ˈ㤊ˈҔМⱘDŽ
Ҫৃҹୱৃῖˈ≑∈ˈ㤊ˈ⫮咑ⱘDŽ
Tā kěyǐ hē kělè, qìshuǐ, chá, shénmede.
d. Ҫ䅸Ў⮙ϔདህৃҹୱ䜦DŽ
Ҫ䁡⠆⮙ϔདህৃҹୱ䜦DŽ
Tā rènwéi bìng yī hǎo jiù kěyǐ hē jiǔ.
347
ANSWER KEY

e. Ҫୱњϔ⚍䜦ህ㾝ᕫᕜϡ㟦᳡DŽ
Ҫୱњϔ咲䜦ህ㾎ᕫᕜϡ㟦᳡DŽ
Tā hē le yīdiǎn jiǔ jiù juéde hěn bù shūfu.
f. Ҫ䇈þ៥㛑ୱ䜦ৃᰃ៥ϡৃҹୱ䜦њDŽÿ
Ҫ䁾þ៥㛑ୱ䜦ৃᰃ៥ϡৃҹୱ䜦њDŽÿ
Tā shuō ‘wǒ néng hē jiǔ kěshì wǒ bù kěyǐ hē jiǔ le.’
5 a. Ҟ໽ᰮϞԴӮ䅸䆚ϔϾ㕢ཇDŽཌྷӮ㒭Դཌྷⱘ⬉䆱োⷕDŽ
Ҟ໽ᰮϞԴ᳗䁡䄬ϔ‫ן‬㕢ཇDŽཌྷ᳗㌺Դཌྷⱘ䳏䁅㰳⺐DŽ
Jīntiān wǎnshang nǐ huì rènshi yī ge měinǚ. Tā huì gěi nǐ tā de diànhuà
hàomǎ.
b. ԴӮ䇈Ё᭛৫˛ᄺњЁ᭛ҹৢˈԴৃҹএЁ೑Ꮉ԰DŽ
Դ᳗䁾Ё᭛஢˛ᅌњЁ᭛ҹᕠˈԴৃҹএЁ೟Ꮉ԰DŽ
Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma? Xué le Zhōngwén yǐhòu, nǐ kěyǐ qù
Zhōngguó gōngzuò.
c. 䖭Ͼ᯳ᳳ᳝݁ҎӮ䇋Դৗ佁DŽ
䗭‫ן‬᯳ᳳ᳝݁Ҏ᳗䂟Դৗ仃DŽ
Zhège xīngqī liù yǒu rén huì qǐng nǐ chī fàn.
d. 令ख़ᮕ䖍᳝ϔϾᇣᑫDŽৗᅠᰮ佁ҹৢˈএ䙷䞠фϔᓴФ䗣ࠌDŽԴӮЁ༪ʽ
令ᓇᮕ䙞᳝ϔ‫ן‬ᇣᑫDŽৗᅠᰮ仃ҹᕠˈএ䙷㺣䊋ϔᔉῖ䗣ࠌDŽԴ᳗Ё⤢ʽ
Cāntīng pángbiān yǒu yī ge xiǎo diàn. Chīwán wǎnfàn yǐhòu, qù nàlǐ
mǎi yī zhāng lètòu quàn. Nǐ huì zhòngjiǎng!

53 Expressing desires, needs, preferences, and willingness

1 a. 㽕 yào b. 㽕 yào ORᏠᳯ xīwàng c. ᚙᜓ/ᚙ丬 qíng yuàn (or ᅕৃ, ‫أ‬⠅, 㽕, 希
望, 愿意) d. ᜓᛣ/丬ᛣ yuànyi e. ᚙᜓ/ᚙ丬 qíngyuàn f. ᅕৃ/ᆻৃ nìngkě g. ‫أ‬
⠅/‫أ‬ᛯ piān’ài (or ᚙᜓ, ᅕৃ)
2 a. Դ˖ԴӀ↩Ϯҹৢᛇ԰ҔМ˛
Դ˖Դ‫⬶ץ‬ὁҹᕠᛇ԰Ҕ咑˛
Nǐ: Nǐmen bìyè yǐhòu xiǎng zuò shénme?
b. ⥟ᯢ˖៥ᛇএЁ೑ᡒᎹ԰DŽ
⥟ᯢ˖៥ᛇএЁ೟ᡒᎹ԰DŽ
Wáng Míng: Wǒ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó zhǎo gōngzuò.
c. ૤⥿⦆˖៥Ꮰᳯ᳝ᴎӮᗉम຿ᄺԡDŽ
૤⥿⦆˖៥Ꮰᳯ᳝″᳗ᗉम຿ᅌԡDŽ
Táng Méilíng: Wǒ xīwàng yǒu jīhuì niàn bóshì xuéwèi.
d. ਼߽˖៥㽕ᡒᎹ԰DŽ៥ᅕৃ೼೑‫ݙ‬Ꮉ԰ˈϡᜓᛣ೼೑໪Ꮉ԰DŽ
਼߽˖៥㽕ᡒᎹ԰DŽ៥ᆻৃ೼೟ܻᎹ԰ˈϡ丬ᛣ೼೟໪Ꮉ԰DŽ
Zhōu Lì: Wǒ yào zhǎo gōngzuò. Wǒ nìngkě zài guónèi gōngzuò, bù
yuànyi zài guówài gōngzuò.

348
Answer key

3 a. 䇋䯂ˈ᳝≵᳝⽕⚳ऎⱘᑻԡDŽ
䂟ଣˈ᳝≦᳝⽕✭औⱘᑻԡDŽ
Qǐngwèn, yǒu méi yǒu jìnyān qū de zuòwèi.
b. I’m sorry. We do not have non-smoking seats. Do you want to sit over there?
c. ៥Ꮰᳯ䙷䖍ⱘҎϡᢑ⚳DŽ៥ӀᚙᜓࠄὐϞএതDŽ
៥Ꮰᳯ䙷䙞ⱘҎϡᢑ✭DŽ៥‫ץ‬ᚙ丬ࠄῧϞএതDŽ
Wǒ xīwàng nà biān de rén bù chōu yān. Wǒmen qíng yuàn dào lóushàng
qù zuò.
d. No problem. There are seats upstairs.
e. What dishes would you like?
f. ៥Ӏ㽕ϸϾ㦰ϔϾ∸DŽᏠᳯԴӀϡ㽕ᬒ໾໮ੇ㊒DŽ
៥‫ץ‬㽕ܽ‫ן‬㦰ϔ‫⑃ן‬DŽᏠᳯԴ‫ץ‬ϡ㽕ᬒ໾໮ੇ㊒DŽ
Wǒmen yào liǎng gè cài yī gè tāng. Xīwàng nǐmen bù yào fàng tài duō
wèijīng.
g. What else do you need? (Do you need anything else?)
h. ៥Ӏ䖬㽕ϔ⫊ସ䜦ˈϡ㽕߿ⱘDŽ
៥‫ץ‬䙘㽕ϔ⫊ସ䜦ˈϡ㽕߹ⱘDŽ
Wǒmen hái yào yī píng píjiǔ, bù yào biéde.

4 㗕໻˖ ៥ᅕৃ᪺に᠋гϡ㽕ᠿഄDŽ
៥ᆻৃ᪺に᠊гϡ㽕ᥗഄDŽ
Wǒ nìngkě cā chuānghù yě bùyào sǎodì.
㗕Ѡ˖៥ϡ୰⃶⋫ᑞऩˈ䇕ᜓᛣ䎳៥Ѹᤶ˛
៥ϡ୰ℵ⋫ᑞஂˈ䂄丬ᛣ䎳៥Ѹ᦯˛
Wǒ bù xǐhuān xǐ chuángdān, shéi yuànyì gēn wǒ jiāohuàn?
㗕ϝ˖ ៥ᚙᜓ⋫ᑞऩгϡ㽕᪺に᠋DŽ
៥ᚙ丬⋫ᑞஂгϡ㽕᪺に᠋DŽ
Wǒ qíyuàn xǐ chuángdān yě bùyào cā chuānghù.
㗕ಯ˖ ᳝≵᳝Ҏ㽕ᐂ៥‫˛خ‬៥Ҟ໽ᕫ‫ࡳخ‬䇒ˈા‫ܓ‬᳝ᯊ䯈⋫⹫ʽ
᳝≦᳝Ҏ㽕ᐿ៥‫˛خ‬៥Ҟ໽ᕫ‫ࡳخ‬䂆ˈા‫ܦ‬᳝ᰖ䭧⋫⹫ʽ
Yǒu méi yǒu rén yào bāng wǒ zuò? Wǒ jīntiān děi xǐ wǎn, nǎr yǒu
shíjiān xǐ wǎn
㗕Ѩ˖ ཛྷཛྷᘏᰃ‫أ‬⠅㗕ಯˈ㗕ಯⱘᎹ԰↨䕗ᆍᯧʽ
႑႑㐑ᰃ‫أ‬ᛯ㗕ಯˈ㗕ಯⱘᎹ԰↨䓗ᆍᯧʽ
Māma zǒngshì piān’ài lǎosì. Lǎosì de gōngzuò bǐjiào róngyì!

54 Expressing knowledge, advice, and opinions

1 a. ៥Ӯ䆆ϔ⚍᮹䇁DŽ
៥᳗䃯ϔ咲᮹䁲DŽ
Wǒ huì jiǎng yīdiǎn Rìyǔ.

349
ANSWER KEY

b. ៥ⶹ䘧೒к佚೼ા‫ܓ‬DŽ
៥ⶹ䘧೪᳌仼೼ા‫ܦ‬DŽ
Wǒ zhīdao túshūguǎn zài nǎr.
c. ៥䅸䆚䙷ϾҎDŽ
៥䁡䄬䙷‫ן‬ҎDŽ
Wǒ rènshi nàge rén.
d. ߿ᢙᖗDŽ៥䅸䆚䏃ˈ៥㛑ᡒࠄDŽ
߹᪨ᖗDŽ៥䁡䄬䏃ˈ៥㛑ᡒࠄDŽ
Bié dānxīn. Wǒ rènshi lù, wǒ néng zhǎodào.
e. ៥ⶹ䘧Ҫˈᑊϡ䅸䆚ҪDŽ
៥ⶹ䘧Ҫˈᑋϡ䁡䄬ҪDŽ
Wǒ zhīdào tā, bìng bù rènshi tā.
f. ៥䅸䆚䖭ϾᄫˈԚᰃϡⶹ䘧ᗢМ‫ݭ‬DŽ
៥䁡䄬䗭‫ן‬ᄫˈԚᰃϡⶹ䘧ᗢ咑ᆿDŽ
Wǒ rènshi zhège zì, dànshì bù zhīdao zěnme xiě.
g. ៥ⶹ䘧ҪЎҔМϡᴹDŽ
៥ⶹ䘧Ҫ⠆⫮咑ϡ՚DŽ
Wǒ zhīdao tā wéishénme bù lái.

2 a. ⳟ kàn b. ҹЎ/ҹ⠆ yǐwéi c. 䅸Ў/䁡⠆ rènwéi

d. ҹЎ/ҹ⠆ yǐwéi e. 䅸Ў/䁡⠆ rènwéi f. ҹЎ/ҹ⠆ yǐwéi

3 a. Դᛇ䯂䇕ህ䯂䇕DŽ
Դᛇଣ䂄ህଣ䂄DŽ
Nǐ xiǎng wèn shéi jiù wèn shéi.
b. Դᛇএા‫ܓ‬ህএા‫ܓ‬DŽ
Դᛇএા‫ܦ‬ህএા‫ܦ‬DŽ
Nǐ xiǎng qù nǎr jiù qù nǎr.
c. ԴᛇфાϾህфાϾDŽ
Դᛇ䊋ા‫ן‬ህ䊋ા‫ן‬DŽ
Nǐ xiǎng mǎi nǎge jiù mǎi nǎge.
d. ԴᛇৗҔМህৗҔМDŽ
Դᛇৗ⫮咑ህৗ⫮咑DŽ
Nǐ xiǎng chī shénme jiù chī shénme.
e. Դᛇ‫׳‬໮ᇥህ‫׳‬໮ᇥDŽ
Nǐ xiǎng jiè duōshao jiù jiè duōshao.
f. ԴᛇᗢМএህᗢМএDŽ
Դᛇᗢ咑এህᗢ咑এDŽ
Nǐ xiǎng zěnme qù jiù zěnme qù.
g. Դᛇ䗝ા䮼䇒ህ䗝ા䮼䇒DŽ
Դᛇ䙌ા䭔䂆ህ䙌ા䭔䂆DŽ
Nǐ xiǎng xuǎn nǎ mén kè jiù xuǎn nǎ mén kè.

350
Answer key

h. ԴᛇⳟાϾ⬉ᕅህⳟાϾ⬉ᕅDŽ
Դᛇⳟા‫ן‬䳏ᕅህⳟા‫ן‬䳏ᕅDŽ
Nǐ xiǎng kàn nǎge diànyǐng jiù kàn nǎge diànyǐng.

4 a. ᕜ໮ҎϡӮᓔ䔺˗‫ذ‬䔺ⱘഄᮍϡ໳DŽ
ᕜ໮Ҏϡ᳗䭟䒞˗‫ذ‬䒞ⱘഄᮍϡ໴DŽ
Hěn duō rén bù huì kāi chē; tíng chē de dìfang bù gòu.
b. Ѹ䗮ϡᮍ֓DŽ
Jiāotōng bù fāngbiàn.
c. ᳝䔺ᠡ᳝䴶ᄤDŽ
᳝䒞ᠡ᳝䴶ᄤDŽ
Yǒu chē cái yǒu miànzi.
d. ៥ᛇҪ≵᳝≑䔺ˈ಴ЎҪ䅸Ў⾕Ҏ≑䔺໾໮њDŽ
៥ᛇҪ≦᳝≑䒞ˈ಴⠆Ҫ䁡⠆⾕Ҏ≑䒞໾໮њDŽ
Wǒ xiǎng tā méi yǒu qìchē, yīnwei tā rènwéi sīrén qìchē tài duō le.
e. ≑⊍ⱘӋ䪅催њˈԚᰃ䖭ᑊϡᕅડҎӀф䔺DŽ
≑⊍ⱘ‫ۍ‬䣶催њˈԚᰃ䗭ᑋϡᕅ䷓Ҏ‫ץ‬䊋䒞DŽ
Qìyóu de jiàqian gāo le, dànshì zhè bìng bù yǐngxiǎng rénmen mǎi chē.
f. ϡф䔺ˈሑ䞣Փ⫼݀݅Ѹ䗮Ꮉ‫≑ˈ݋‬䔺ˈഄ䪕ㄝㄝDŽ
ϡ䊋䒞ˈ۬䞣Փ⫼݀݅Ѹ䗮Ꮉ‫≑ˈ݋‬䒞ˈഄ䨉ㄝㄝDŽ
Bù mǎi chē, jìnliàng shǐyòng gōnggòng jiāotōng gōngjù, qìchē, dìtiě
děngděng.
5 a. Դ䖭ḋこ߿ҎӮҹЎԴᏆ㒣ಯकቕњDŽԴᑨ䆹こⱑ㡆ⱘDŽ
Դ䗭ῷこ߹Ҏ᳗ҹ⚎ԴᏆ㍧ಯकⅆњDŽԴឝ䁆こⱑ㡆ⱘDŽ
Nǐ zhèyàng chuān biérén huì yǐwéi nǐ yǐjīng sìshí suì le. Nǐ yīnggāi chuān
báisè de.
b. ៥Ҟ໽ⱘᎹ԰‫خ‬ϡᅠˈ៥ⳟ៥ϡ㛑䎳Դϔ䍋ৗᰮ佁DŽ
៥Ҟ໽ⱘᎹ԰‫خ‬ϡᅠˈ៥ⳟ៥ϡ㛑䎳Դϔ䍋ৗᰮ仃DŽ
Wǒ jīntiān de gōngzuò zuòbùwán, wǒ kàn wǒ bù néng gēn nǐ yīqǐ chī
wǎnfàn.
c. ៥ᛇ䇋ᬭᙼϔѯ݇ѢЁ೑ग़৆ⱘ䯂乬DŽ
៥ᛇ䂟ᬭᙼϔѯ䮰ᮐЁ೟⅋৆ⱘଣ丠DŽ
Wǒ xiǎng qǐngjiào nín yīxiē guānyú Zhōngguó lìshǐ de wèntí.
d. Դ᳔ད‫ݡ‬䎳Դ⠌ཛྷ䇜ϔ䇜ˈਞ䆝ҪӀԴᖗ䞠ⱘᛇ⊩DŽ
Դ᳔ད‫ݡ‬䎳Դ⠌႑䂛ϔ䂛ˈਞ䀈Ҫ‫ץ‬Դᖗ㺵ⱘᛇ⊩DŽ
Nǐ zuì hǎo zài gēn nǐ bà mā tán yī tán, gàosù tāmen nǐ xīnlǐ de xiǎngfǎ.
e. ԴᛇৗҔМህৗҔМˈ䱣֓ԴDŽ
Դᛇৗ⫮咐ህৗ⫮咐ˈ䱼֓ԴDŽ
Nǐ xiǎng chī shénme jiù chī shénme, suíbiàn nǐ.

351
ANSWER KEY

55 Expressing fear, worry, and anxiety

1 a. Դϡ㽕ᗩ‫ދ‬DŽ
Nǐ bù yào pà lěng.
b. ߿ᗩ䙷Ͼ㗕ᏜDŽ
߹ᗩ䙷‫ן‬㗕᏿DŽ
Bié pà nàge lǎoshī.
c. ߿ᗩᓔ䔺DŽ
߹ᗩ䭟䒞DŽ
Bié pà kāi chē.
d. Դϡ㽕ᗩ≵᳝ҎᴹDŽ
Դϡ㽕ᗩ≦᳝Ҏ՚DŽ
Nǐ bù yào pà méi yǒu rén lái.
e. Դϡ㽕ᗩԴᄺϡӮDŽ
Դϡ㽕ᗩԴᅌϡ᳗DŽ
Nǐ bù yào pà nǐ xuébuhuì.
f. Դϡ㽕ᗩᰮϞϔϾҎ䍄䏃DŽ
Դϡ㽕ᗩᰮϞϔ‫ן‬Ҏ䍄䏃DŽ
Nǐ bù yào pà wǎnshang yī gè rén zǒu lù.
g. Դϡ㽕ᆇᗩ㗗䆩DŽ
Դϡ㽕ᆇᗩ㗗䀺DŽ
Nǐ bù yào hàipà kǎoshì.
h. 㗗䆩ⱘᯊ‫׭‬Դ߿㋻ᓴDŽ
㗗䀺ⱘᰖ‫׭‬Դ߹㎞ᔉDŽ
Kǎoshì de shíhou nǐ bié jǐnzhāng.

2 a. ᗩ pà b. ᘤᗩ kǒngpà c. ১/౛ xià d. ৃᗩ kěpà e. ㋻ᓴ/㎞ᔉ jǐnzhāng

f. ⴔᗹ/㨫ᗹ zháojí g. ᘤᚻ/ᘤ័ kǒngjù
3 Participant 1: ᗩ, ᆇᗩ pà, hàipà
Participant 2: ‫ܙ‬⒵ᘤᚻ/‫ܙ‬ⓓᘤ័ chōngmǎn kǒngjù
Participant 3: ᢙᖗ/᪨ᖗ dānxīn
Participant 4: ৃᗩ kěpà
Participant 5: ㋻ᓴ/㎞ᔉ jǐnzhāng

56 Expressing speaker attitudes and perspectives

1 a. ઢ āi b. ଞ á c. જજ hā hā d. శ ō (or ઢਔ āiyā) e. ଞ à (or ઢ āi) f. ઢ āi g. ୨ ō
h. ଞਔ āyā
2 a. ௯ ma b. ଺ la c. ଞ a d. ଺ la

352
Answer key

57 Topic, focus, and emphasis

1 a. 䙷Ͼ佁佚ˈ៥ϡ୰⃶DŽ
䙷‫ן‬仃仼ˈ៥ϡ୰ℵDŽ
Nàge fànguǎn, wǒ bù xǐhuan.
b. Ё᭛䇒ˈ៥㾝ᕫᕜ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Ё᭛䂆ˈ៥㾎ᕫᕜ᳝ᛣᗱDŽ
Zhōngwén kè, wǒ juéde hěn yǒu yìsī.
c. 䙷Ͼ⬉ᕅˈ៥≵ⳟ䖛DŽ
䙷‫ן‬䳏ᕅˈ៥≦ⳟ䘢DŽ
Nàge diànyǐng, wǒ méi kànguò.
d. 䖭⃵㗗䆩ˈ਀䇈ᕜᆍᯧDŽ
䗭⃵㗗䀺ˈ㙑䁾ᕜᆍᯧDŽ
Zhè cì kǎoshì, tīngshuō hěn róngyì.
e. ᮹ᴀ佁ˈ៥≵ৗ䖛DŽ
᮹ᴀ仃ˈ៥≦ৗ䘢DŽ
Rìběn fàn, wǒ méi chīguò.
f. ∝ᄫˈ៥↣໽䛑‫ݭ‬DŽ
⓶ᄫˈ៥↣໽䛑ᆿDŽ
Hàn zì, wǒ měitiān dōu xiě.
g. Ё೑ⱘ㒣⌢ᚙ‫ˈމ‬៥ϡ໾⏙ἮDŽ
Ё೟ⱘ㍧△ᚙ‫ˈމ‬៥ϡ໾⏙ἮDŽ
Zhōngguó de jīngjì qíngkuàng, wǒ bù tài qīngchu.
h. ߿Ҏⱘџˈ䇋Դϡ㽕ㅵDŽ
߹Ҏⱘџˈ䂟Դϡ㽕ㅵDŽ
Biéren de shì, qǐng nǐ bù yào guǎn.

2 a. 佪‫ˈܜ‬៥Ӏᡞ᠔᳝ⱘộᄤ䛑ᨀߎᬭᅸএDŽ
佪‫ˈܜ‬៥‫ץ‬ᡞ᠔᳝ⱘộᄤ䛑ᨀߎᬭᅸএDŽ
Shǒuxiān, wǒmen bǎ suiyiu de yǐzi dōu bān chū jiàoshì qù.
b. ✊ৢˈ៥Ӏᡞ䇒Ḡ䛑ᨀࠄᬭᅸⱘৢ䖍DŽ
✊ᕠˈ៥‫ץ‬ᡞ䂆Ḡ䛑ᨀࠄᬭᅸⱘᕠ䙞DŽ
Ránhòu, wǒmen bǎ kèzhuō dōu bān dào jiàoshì de hòubian.
c. ᇣ䰜ᡞৗⱘ੠ୱⱘᬒ೼䇒ḠϞDŽ
ᇣ䱇ᡞৗⱘ੠ୱⱘᬒ೼䂆ḠϞDŽ
Xiǎo Chén bǎ chī de hé hē de fang zài kèzhuō shàng.
d. ᇣ⥟ᡞഄᠿᑆ‫ޔ‬DŽ
ᇣ⥟ᡞഄᥗђ⎼DŽ
Xiǎo Wáng bǎ dì sǎo gānjìng.
e. ᇣᴢᡞ咥ᵓ᪺ᑆ‫ޔ‬DŽ
ᇣᴢᡞ咥ᵓ᪺ђ⎼DŽ
Xiǎo Lǐ bǎ hēibǎn cā gānjìng.

353
ANSWER KEY

f. ᇣ↯ᡞ䷇Ф‫ޚ‬໛དDŽ
ᇣ↯ᡞ䷇ῖ⑪‫٭‬དDŽ
Xiǎo Máo bǎ yīnyuè zhǔnbèi hǎo.
g. ԴӀϸϾҎᡞþ᯹㡖དÿ䖭ϝϾᄫ‫ݭ‬೼咥ᵓϞDŽ
Դ‫ןܽץ‬Ҏᡞþ᯹㆔དÿ䗭ϝ‫ן‬ᄫᆿ೼咥ᵓϞDŽ
Nǐmen liǎng gè rén bǎ ‘chūnjié hǎo’ zhè sān ge zì xiě zài hēibǎn shàng.
h. ԴӀϝϾҎᡞ䖭ϸᓴЁ೑⬏‫ܓ‬ᣖ೼๭ϞDŽ
Դ‫ץ‬ϝ‫ן‬Ҏᡞ䗭ܽᔉЁ೟⬿‫ܦ‬ᣖ೼ຏϞDŽ
Nǐmen sān gè rén bǎ zhè liǎng zhāng Zhōngguó huàr guà zài qiángshàng.

3 a. 䰸њ៥ҹ໪ˈ߿ⱘৠᄺ䛑୰⃶ϞЁ᭛䇒DŽ
䰸њ៥ҹ໪ˈ߹ⱘৠᅌ䛑୰ℵϞЁ᭛䂆DŽ
Chúle wǒ yǐwài, bié de tóngxué dōu xǐhuan shàng Zhōngwén kè.
b. 䰸њ៥ҹ໪ˈҪӀгএⳟ⬉ᕅњDŽ
䰸њ៥ҹ໪ˈҪ‫ץ‬гএⳟ䳏ᕅњDŽ
Chúle wǒ yǐwài, tāmen yě qù kàn diànyǐng le.
c. 䰸њ៥ҹ໪ˈ៥ⱘৠᄺг䛑এ䖛Ё೑DŽ
䰸њ៥ҹ໪ˈ៥ⱘৠᅌг䛑এ䘢Ё೟DŽ
Chúle wǒ yǐwài, wǒ de tóngxué yě dōu qùguò Zhōngguó.
d. 䰸њЁ᭛ҹ໪ˈ៥гᄺЁ೑᭛ᄺ੠Ё೑ग़৆DŽ
䰸њЁ᭛ҹ໪ˈ៥гᅌЁ೟᭛ᅌ੠Ё೟⅋৆DŽ
Chúle Zhōngwén yǐwài, wǒ yě xué Zhōngguó wénxué hé Zhōngguó lìshǐ.
e. 䰸њ᯳ᳳ᮹ҹ໪ˈҪ᯳ᳳϔࠄ᯳ᳳ݁䛑Ꮉ԰DŽ
䰸њ᯳ᳳ᮹ҹ໪ˈҪ᯳ᳳϔࠄ᯳ᳳ݁䛑Ꮉ԰DŽ
Chúle xīngqīrì yǐwài, tā xīngqīyī dào xīngqīliù dōu gōngzuò.
f. ៥ⱘৠሟˈ䰸њ䎇⧗ҹ໪ˈ߿ⱘ䖤ࡼ䛑ϡ୰⃶DŽ
៥ⱘৠሟˈ䰸њ䎇⧗ҹ໪ˈ߹ⱘ䘟ࢩ䛑ϡ୰ℵDŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū, chúle zúqiú yǐwài, bié de yùndòng dōu bù xǐhuan.
g. ៥↣໽䰸њ㒗д‫∝ݭ‬ᄫҹ໪ˈг਀ᔩ䷇ˈ໡д䇁⊩ˈᗉ䇒᭛DŽ
៥↣໽䰸њ㏈㖦ᆿ⓶ᄫҹ໪ˈг㙑䣘䷇ˈᕽ㖦䁲⊩ˈᗉ䂆᭛DŽ
Wǒ měitiān chúle liànxí xiě Hàn zì yǐwài, yě tīng lùyīn, fùxí yǔfǎ, niàn
kèwén.
h. 䖭Ͼᄺ᷵ˈ䰸њ令ख़ⱘ佁ϡ໾དৗҹ໪ˈ߿ⱘ䛑ᕜདDŽ
䗭‫ן‬ᅌ᷵ˈ䰸њ令ᓇⱘ仃ϡ໾དৗҹ໪ˈ߹ⱘ䛑ᕜདDŽ
Zhège xuéxiào, chúle cāntīng de fàn bù tài hǎo chī yǐwài, bié de dōu hěn
hǎo.

4 a. 䖭Ͼᄫϔᅮᕜ䲒DŽ䖲㗕Ꮬ䛑ϡ䅸䆚DŽ
䗭‫ן‬ᄫϔᅮᕜ䲷DŽ䗷㗕᏿䛑ϡ䁡䄬DŽ
Zhège zì yīdìng hěn nán. Lián lǎoshī dōu bù rènshi.
b. 䖭ϾᄫᕜᆍᯧDŽ䖲ϔᑈ㑻ⱘᄺ⫳䛑䅸䆚DŽ
䗭‫ן‬ᄫᕜᆍᯧDŽ䗷ϔᑈ㋮ⱘᅌ⫳䛑䁡䄬DŽ
Zhège zì hěn róng yì. Lián yīniánjí de xuésheng dōu rènshi.

354
Answer key

c. ៥䖲ϔϾЁ೑᳟ট䛑≵᳝DŽ
៥䗷ϔ‫ן‬Ё೟᳟ট䛑≦᳝DŽ
Wǒ lián yī gè Zhōngguó péng you dōu méi yǒu.
d. ҪϡᗉкDŽҪ䖲೒к佚䛑≵এ䖛DŽ
Ҫϡᗉ᳌DŽҪ䗷೪᳌仼䛑≦এ䘢DŽ
Tā bù niàn shū. Tā lián túshūguǎn dōu méi qùguò.
e. ҪϡӮ‫ݭ‬ᄫDŽҪ䖲Ҫ㞾Ꮕⱘৡᄫ䛑ϡӮ‫ݭ‬DŽ
Ҫϡ᳗ᆿᄫDŽҪ䗷Ҫ㞾Ꮕⱘৡᄫ䛑ϡ᳗ᆿDŽ
Tā bù huì xiě zì. Tā lián tā zìjǐ de míngzì dōu bù huì xiě.
f. ᇣ⥟ϡ୰⃶㕢೑佁DŽҪ䖲∝෵ࣙ䛑ϡ୰⃶DŽ
ᇣ⥟ϡ୰ℵ㕢೟仃DŽҪ䗷⓶෵ࣙ䛑ϡ୰ℵDŽ
Xiǎo Wáng bù xǐhuan Měiguó fàn. Tā lián hànbǎobāo dōu bù xǐhuan.
g. ៥ϡӮ‫خ‬佁DŽ៥䖲♦叵㲟䛑ϡӮDŽ
៥ϡ᳗‫خ‬仃DŽ៥䗷♦卣㲟䛑ϡ᳗DŽ
Wǒ bù huì zuò fàn. Wǒ lián chǎo jīdàn dōu bù huì.
h. Ҫ↣໽䛑Ꮉ԰DŽ䖲᯳ᳳ໽䛑Ꮉ԰DŽ
Ҫ↣໽䛑Ꮉ԰DŽ䗷᯳ᳳ໽䛑Ꮉ԰DŽ
Tā měitiān dōu gōngzuò. Lián xīngqītiān dōu gōngzuò.

5 a. ៥ᰃ೼⊶຿乓䭓໻ⱘDŽ
៥ᰃ೼⊶຿䷧䭋໻ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zài Bōshìdùn zhǎngdà de.
b. ៥ᰃ᯼໽ᰮϞᠡಲᄺ᷵ⱘDŽ
៥ᰃ᯼໽ᰮϞᠡಲᅌ᷵ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zuótiān wǎnshang cái huí xuéxiào de.
c. ៥ᰃ䎳៥ⱘৠሟϔ䍋ಲᴹⱘDŽ
៥ᰃ䎳៥ⱘৠሟϔ䍋ಲ՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì gēn wǒ de tóngwū yīqǐ huílai de.
d. ៥Ӏᰃᓔ䔺ᴹⱘDŽor ៥Ӏᰃത䔺ᴹⱘDŽ
៥‫ץ‬ᰃ䭟䒞՚ⱘDŽor ៥‫ץ‬ᰃത䒞՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒmen shì kāi chē lái de. or Wǒmen shì zuò chē lái de.
e. ៥ⱘৠሟᰃҢЁ೑ᴹⱘDŽ
៥ⱘৠሟᰃᕲЁ೟՚ⱘDŽ
Wǒ de tóngwū shì cóng Zhōngguó lái de.
f. ҪᰃϸᑈҹࠡᴹⱘDŽ
Ҫᰃܽᑈҹࠡ՚ⱘDŽ
Tā shì liǎng nián yǐqián lái de.
g. Ҫᰃത亲ᴎᴹⱘDŽ
Ҫᰃത亯″՚ⱘDŽ
Tā shì zuò fēijī lái de.
h. ៥Ӏᰃ೼ϔϾᰮӮϞ䅸䆚ⱘDŽ
៥‫ץ‬ᰃ೼ϔ‫ן‬ᰮ᳗Ϟ䁡䄬ⱘDŽ
Wǒmen shì zài yī gè wǎnhuì shàng rènshi de.

355
ANSWER KEY

i. ᰃҪ䅽៥ᄺЁ᭛ⱘDŽ
ᰃҪ䅧៥ᅌЁ᭛ⱘDŽ
Shì tā ràng wǒ xué Zhōngwén de.
j. ៥ᰃ᯼໽ᰮϞ䎳៥ⱘৠሟҢ⊶຿乓ᓔ䔺ಲᄺ᷵ⱘDŽ
៥ᰃ᯼໽ᰮϞ䎳៥ⱘৠሟᕲ⊶຿䷧䭟䒞ಲᅌ᷵ⱘDŽ
Wǒ shì zuótiān wǎnshang gēn wǒ de tóngwū cóng Bōshìdùn kāi chē huí
xuéxiào de.
k. ҪᰃϸᑈҹࠡҢЁ೑ᴹ㕢೑ⱘDŽ
ҪᰃܽᑈҹࠡᕲЁ೟՚㕢೟ⱘDŽ
Tā shì liǎng nián yǐqián cóng Zhōngguó lái Měiguó de.
l. ҪᰃϸᑈҹࠡҢЁ೑ത亲ᴎᴹ㕢೑ⱘDŽ
ҪᰃܽᑈҹࠡᕲЁ೟ത亯″՚㕢೟ⱘDŽ
Tā shì liǎng nián yǐqián cóng Zhōngguó zuò fēijī lái Měiguó de.

6 a. i. ԴӀᰃҔМᯊ‫׭‬䅸䆚ⱘ˛
Դ‫ץ‬ᰃ⫮咐ᰖ‫׭‬䁡䄬ⱘ˛
Nǐmen shì shénme shíhou rènshi de?
ii. ԴӀᰃ೼ા‫ܓ‬䅸䆚ⱘ˛
Դ‫ץ‬ᰃ೼ા‫ܦ‬䁡䄬ⱘ˛
Nǐmen shì zài nǎr rènshi de?
iii. ᰃ䇕ҟ㒡ԴӀ䅸䆚ⱘ˛
ᰃ䂄ҟ㌍Դ‫ץ‬䁡䄬ⱘ˛
Shì shéi jièshào nǐmen rènshi de?
b. i. ៦ᣛᰃ೼ા‫ܓ‬фⱘ˛
៦ᣛᰃ೼ા‫ܦ‬䊋ⱘ˛
Jièzhǐ shì zài nǎr mǎi de?
ii. ҪᰃᗢМ∖ီⱘ˛
Ҫᰃᗢ咐∖ီⱘ˛
Tā shì zěnme qiúhūn de?
c. 䰸њᆊҎҹ໪ˈ៥Ӏ䖬䇋њѨकϾ᳟টDŽ
䰸њᆊҎҹ໪ˈ៥‫ץ‬䙘䂟њѨक‫ן‬᳟টDŽ
Chúle jiārén yǐwài, wǒmen hái qǐng le wǔshí ge péngyou.
d. ݇Ѣ᳾ᴹˈ៥ӀᠧㅫकѠ᳜㒧ီˈᯢᑈф᠓ᄤˈৢᑈ⫳ᄽᄤDŽ
䮰ᮐ᳾՚ˈ៥‫ץ‬ᠧㅫकѠ᳜㌤ီˈᯢᑈ䊋᠓ᄤˈᕠᑈ⫳ᄽᄤDŽ
Guānyú wèilái, wǒmen dǎsuàn shí’èr yuè jiéhūn, míngnián mǎi fángzi,
hòunián shēng háizi.

58 Guest and host

1 a. ⃶䖢ˈ⃶䖢DŽ/ ℵ䖢ˈℵ䖢DŽHuānyíng, huānyíng.

b. 䇋䖯DŽ/ 䂟䘆DŽQǐng jìn.
c. 䇋തDŽ/ 䂟തDŽQǐng zuò.

356
Answer key

d. ୱ⚍ҔМˈ㤊䖬ᰃ੪ଵ˛
ୱ咲⫮咑ˈ㤊䙘ᰃ੪ଵ˛
Hē diǎn shénme, chá háishi kāfēi?
e. 䇋‫ݡ‬ᴹDŽ/ 䂟‫ݡ‬՚DŽQǐng zài lái.
f. ᜶䍄DŽMàn zǒu.
2 a. host b. guest c. host d. host e. host f. host g. guest h. guest i. guest
j. guest k. host

59 Giving and responding to compliments

1 a. ા䞠ˈ䖬Ꮒᕫ䖰ਸ਼ʽDŽ/ ા㺵ˈ䙘Ꮒᕫ䘴ਸ਼ʽDŽNǎli, hái chàde yuǎn ne!. b. ા

䞠ˈા䞠DŽ/ ા㺣ˈા㺣DŽNǎli, nǎli. c. ⳳⱘ৫˛/ ⳳⱘ஢˛Zhēnde ma? d. ᙼ䖛
༪њDŽ/ ᙼ䘢⤢њDŽNín guòjiǎng le. e. ϡᬶᔧDŽ/ ϡᬶ⭊DŽBù gǎn dāng. f. ≵Ҕ
МDŽ/ ≦⫮咑DŽMéi shénme. g. 䖛༪ˈ䖛༪DŽ/ 䘢⤢ˈ䘢⤢DŽGuòjiǎng, guòjiǎng.
h. ֓佁ˈ֓佁DŽ/ ֓仃ˈ֓仃DŽBiànfàn, biànfàn.
2 a. ⥟ᯢ˖催㭒ˈ៥ⳟњԴ‫ⱘݭ‬᭛ゴˈདᵕњDŽ
⥟ᯢ˖催㭒ˈ៥ⳟњԴᆿⱘ᭛ゴˈདὉњDŽ
Wáng Míng: Gāo Lěi, wǒ kàn le nǐ xiě de wénzhāng, hǎojíle.
b. 催㭒˖‫ݭ‬ᕫϡདˈ䇋໮ᣛᬭDŽ
催㭒˖ᆿᕫϡདˈ䂟໮ᣛᬭDŽ
Gāo Lěi: Xiě de bù hǎo, qǐng duō zhǐjiào.
c. ⥟ᯢ˖Դⱘ᡹ਞ䴲ᐌ催ᯢDŽ
⥟ᯢ˖Դⱘฅਞ䴲ᐌ催ᯢDŽ
Wáng Míng: Nǐ de bàogào fēicháng gāomíng.
d. 催㭒˖ᙼ䖛༪њˈ䴲ᐌϔ㠀DŽ
催㭒˖ᙼ䘢⤢њˈ䴲ᐌϔ㠀DŽ
Gāo Lěi: Nín guò jiǎng le, fēicháng yībān.
e. ⥟ᯢ˖Դⱘᅲ՟䇈ᯢ⡍߿དˈ៥ⳟԴᕜ᳝ᠡ⇨DŽ
⥟ᯢ˖Դⱘᆺ՟䁾ᯢ⡍߹དˈ៥ⳟԴᕜ᳝ᠡ⇷DŽ
Wáng Míng: Nǐ de shílì shuōmíng tèbié hǎo, wǒ kàn nǐ hěn yǒu cáiqì.
f. 催㭒˖᱂᱂䗮䗮ˈ≵᳝ҔМ⡍߿DŽ
催㭒˖᱂᱂䗮䗮ˈ≦᳝⫮咑⡍߹DŽ
Gāo Lěi: Púpǔtōngtōng, méi yǒu shénme tèbié.
3 Sample answers:
A. a. ⳳད zhēn hǎo! b. ા䞠/ા㺣 nǎlǐ c. ≵᳝/≦᳝ méi yǒu
B. ϡᬶᔧ/ϡᬶ⭊ bùgǎndāng

60 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction

1 /䙘ৃҹDŽHái kěyǐ. b. དᵕњDŽ

a. 䖬ৃҹDŽ /དὉњDŽHǎojíle. c. 䖬ϡ䫭DŽ/
䙘ϡ䤃DŽHái bù cuò. d. ⳌᔧདDŽ/Ⳍ⭊དDŽXiāngdāng hǎo. e. 偀偀㰢㰢DŽ/
侀侀㰢㰢DŽMámǎ hūhū. f. 䖬㸠DŽ /䙘㸠DŽHái xíng.
357
ANSWER KEY

2 a. ㊳䗣њDŽ/㊳䗣њDŽZāo tòu le. b. ϡ໾དDŽBù tài hǎo. c. 偀偀㰢㰢侀侀㰢

㰢DŽmǎmahūhū d. 䴲ᐌϡདDŽFēicháng bù hǎo. e. 偀偀㰢㰢侀侀㰢㰢
mǎmahūhū f. 䖬ད䙘ད hái hǎo

3 a. Friend: How is your dorm?

b. You: 䖬ৃҹDŽ /䙘ৃҹDŽHái kěyǐ.
c. Is the bathroom clean?
d. You: ᮽϞ䖬ৃҹDŽࠄњᰮϞህϡᗢМᑆ‫ޔ‬њDŽ
ᮽϞ䙘ৃҹDŽࠄњᰮϞህϡᗢ咑ђ⎼њDŽ
Zǎoshang hái kěyǐ. Dào le wǎnshang jiù bù zěnme gānjìng le.
e. Friend: Are you used to things?
f. You: дᛃњDŽᯊ䯈ЙњህдᛃњDŽ
㖦᜷њDŽᰖ䭧Йњህ㖦᜷њDŽ
Xíguàn le. Shíjiān jiǔ le jiù xíguàn le.
g. Friend: How is the food in the dining hall?
h. You: 䖬ৃҹDŽ偀偀㰢㰢DŽ
䙘ৃҹDŽ侀侀㰢㰢DŽ
Hái kěyǐ. Mámǎhǔhǔ.
i. Friend: How is the service in the dining hall?
j. You: ϡᗢМḋDŽ
ϡᗢ咑ῷDŽ
Bù zěnmeyàng.

4 ᛳ䇶ᙼЎ៥Ӏ฿‫ݭ‬ᛣ㾕㸼DŽᙼⱘᛣ㾕ᐂࡽ៥ӀЎᙼᏺᴹ᳈དⱘ᳡ࡵϢ⫼令㒣偠DŽ
Ў㸼䖒៥Ӏⱘᛳ䇶ˈ↣Ͼ᯳ᳳ៥ӀӮ䗝ߎѨԡ乒ᅶᕫࠄᴀᑫⱘ $25⼐ࠌDŽ
ᛳ䃱ᙼ⠆៥‫ץ‬฿ᆿᛣ㽟㸼DŽᙼⱘᛣ㽟ᐿࡽ៥‫ץ‬⠆ᙼᐊ՚᳈དⱘ᳡ࢭ㟛⫼令㍧倫DŽ
⠆㸼䘨៥‫ⱘץ‬ᛳ䃱ˈ↣‫ן‬᯳ᳳ៥‫ץ‬᳗䙌ߎѨԡ主ᅶᕫࠄᴀᑫⱘ$25⾂ࠌDŽ
Gǎnxiè nín wèi wǒmen tiánxiě yìjiàn biǎo. Nín de yìjiàn bāngzhù wǒmen
wèi nín dàilái gènghǎo de fúwù yǔ yòngcān jīng yàn. Wèi biǎodá wǒmen de
gǎnxiè, měige xīngqī wǒmen huì xuǎn chū wǔ wèi gùkè dédào běndiàn de
$25 lǐquàn.
䇋ᦤկᙼⱘᛣ㾕/䂟ᦤկᙼⱘᛣ㽟
Qǐng tígōng nín de yìjiàn

358
Answer key

དᵕњ ⒵ᛣ 䖬ৃҹ ϡ໾ད ㊳䗣њ

དὉњ ⓓᛣ 䙘ৃҹ bù tài hǎo zāo tòule
hǎo jíle mǎnyì hái kěyǐ
⫼令⦃๗/⫼令⪄๗
yòngcān huánjìng
亳⠽
shíwù
᳡ࡵ/᳡ࢭ
fúwù
ᭈԧ㒣偠/ᭈ储㍧倫
zhěngtǐ jīngyàn

ԴӮϡӮ䎳᳟ট᥼㤤៥Ӏⱘ令ख़˛ u Ӯ/᳗ huì u ϡӮ/ϡ᳗ bù huì

Դ᳗ϡ᳗䎳᳟ট᥼㭺៥‫ⱘץ‬令ᓇ˛
Nǐ huìbuhuì gēn péng you tuījiàn wǒmen de cāntīng?

݊Ҫᛣ㾕/݊Ҫᛣ㽟 qítā yìjiàn: _______________________________________________

㘨㒰ᮍᓣ/㙃㌵ᮍᓣ liánluò fāngshì:
ྦྷৡ xìngmíng: _______________________
⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ/䳏ᄤ䛉ӊ diànzǐ yóujiàn: _______________________

61 Expressing gratitude and responding to

expressions of gratitude

1 a. ϡᖙᅶ⇨DŽ /ϡᖙᅶ⇷DŽBù bì kèqi. Don’t be polite. b. ા‫ⱘܓ‬䆱˛ /ા‫ⱘܦ‬䁅˛

Nǎr de huà What kind of talk is that? c. ≵ҔМDŽ
/≦⫮咑DŽMéi shénme.
It wasn’t anything. d. ϡ䇶DŽ/ϡ䃱DŽBù xiè. Don’t thank me. e. Դ໾ᅶ⇨њDŽ /
Դ໾ᅶ⇷њDŽNǐ tài kèqi le. You are too polite. f. ϡᅶ⇨DŽ /ϡᅶ⇷DŽBù kèqi.
Don’t be polite.

2 a. 佪‫ˈܜ‬៥㽕ᛳ䇶៥ⱘ⠊↡ˈᛳ䇶ҪӀ໮ᑈᴹ㒭៥ⱘᬃᣕDŽ
佪‫ˈܜ‬៥㽕ᛳ䃱៥ⱘ⠊↡ˈᛳ䃱Ҫ‫ץ‬໮ᑈ՚㌺៥ⱘᬃᣕDŽ
Shǒuxiān, wǒ yào gǎnxiè wǒ de fùmǔ, gǎnxiè tāmen duō nián lái gěi wǒ
de zhīchí.
b. ៥䴲ᐌᛳ▔ЎњՓ៥㛑໳ᕫࠄ㡃དⱘᬭ㚆ҪӀ᠔԰ⱘ⡎⡆DŽ
៥䴲ᐌᛳ▔⠆њՓ៥㛑໳ᕫࠄ㡃དⱘᬭ㚆Ҫ‫ץ‬᠔԰ⱘ⡻⡆DŽ
Wǒ fēicháng gǎnji wèile shǐ wǒ nénggòu dédào liánghǎo de jiàoyù
tāmen suǒ zuò de xīshēng.
c. ৠᯊˈ៥г㽕ᛳ䇶㗕ᏜӀ㒭ќ៥ⱘᣛᇐ੠ᬭ䇆DŽ
ৠᰖˈ៥г㽕ᛳ䃱㗕᏿‫ץ‬㌺ќ៥ⱘᣛᇢ੠ᬭ䁼DŽ
Tóngshí, wǒ yě yào gǎnxiè lǎoshīmen jǐ yǔ wǒ de zhídǎo hé jiàohuì.

359
ANSWER KEY

d. ҪӀϡԚӴᥜ㒭៥Ӏⶹ䆚ˈ᳈䞡㽕ⱘᰃᬭ៥Ӏ԰ϔϾℷⳈⱘҎDŽ
Ҫ‫ץ‬ϡԚ‫ڇ‬ᥜ㌺៥‫ⶹץ‬䄬ˈ᳈䞡㽕ⱘᰃᬭ៥‫ץ‬԰ϔ‫ן‬ℷⳈⱘҎDŽ
Tāmen bùdàn chuánshòu gěi wǒmen zhīshi, gèng zhòng yào de shì jiào
wǒmen zuò yī gè zhèngzhí de rén.
e. ᳔ৢˈ៥㽕ᛳ䇶៥ⱘৠᄺ੠᳟টӀˈᛳ䇶ҪӀⱘটᚙ੠ᐂࡽDŽ
᳔ᕠˈ៥㽕ᛳ䃱៥ⱘৠᅌ੠᳟ট‫ˈץ‬ᛳ䃱Ҫ‫ⱘץ‬টᚙ੠ᐿࡽDŽ
Zuì hòu, wǒ yào gǎnxiè wǒ de tóngxué hé péng youmen, gǎnxiè tāmen de
yiuqíng hé bāngzhù.
f. ᕜ䲒ᛇ䈵≵᳝ԴӀ៥ᗢМ㛑໳⏵䖛䖭޴ᑈⱘ໻ᄺᯊ‫ܝ‬DŽ
ᕜ䲷ᛇ‫≦ڣ‬᳝Դ‫ץ‬៥ᗢ咑㛑໳⏵䘢䗭ᑒᑈⱘ໻ᅌᰖ‫ܝ‬DŽ
Hěn nán xiǎngxiàng méi yǒu nǐmen wǒ zěnme nénggòu dù guò zhè
jǐnián de dàxué shíguāng.
g. ໻ᄺ↩Ϯᰃᮄ⫳⌏ⱘᓔྟˈ៥ϔᅮ㽕᳈ࡴࡾ࡯ഄᄺд੠Ꮉ԰ˈϡ䕰䋳ԴӀⱘ
ᏠᳯDŽ
໻ᅌ⬶ὁᰃᮄ⫳⌏ⱘ䭟ྟˈ៥ϔᅮ㽕᳈ࡴࡾ࡯ഄᅌ㖦੠Ꮉ԰ˈϡ䕰䉴Դ‫ⱘץ‬
ᏠᳯDŽ
Dàxué bìyè shì xīn shēnghuó de kāishǐ, wǒ yīdìng yào gèng jiā nǔlì de
xuéxí hé gōngzuò, bù gūfù nǐmen de xīwàng.

3 Sample answers:
a. 䕯㢺 xīngkǔ
b. (i) 咏⚺/咏✽ máfán, (ii) ϡདᛣᗱ bù hǎo yìsi, (iii) ϡᅶ⇨/ϡᅶ⇷ Bù kèqì
c. (i) ュ㒇/ュ㋡ xiàonà, (ii) ᅶ⇨/ᅶ⇷ kèqì

62 Invitations, requests, and refusals

1 a. དDŽHǎo. Okay. b. ৃҹDŽKěyǐ. I can. c. Դ໾ᅶ⇨DŽ /Դ໾ᅶ⇷DŽNǐ tài kèqi. You
are too polite. d. ৃҹDŽKěyǐ. I can. e. དDŽHǎo. Okay.

2 a. Դ໾ᅶ⇨њDŽ/Դ໾ᅶ⇷њDŽNǐ tài kèqi le. You are too polite.

b. ϡ㽕ᅶ⇨DŽ
/ϡ㽕ᅶ⇷DŽBù yào kèqi. Don’t be polite. (That’s not necessary.)
c. /៥䀺䀺ⳟDŽWǒ shì shì kàn. I’ll see what I can do.
៥䆩䆩ⳟDŽ
d. ᘤᗩ៥໾ᖭDŽkǒngpà wǒ tài máng. I’m afraid I’m too busy.
e. ⦄೼᳝ϔ⚍ϡᮍ֓DŽ
⧒೼᳝ϔ咲ϡᮍ֓DŽ
Xiànzài yǒu yīdiǎn bù fāngbiàn.
It’s a little inconvenient right now.
f. ᘤᗩϡ㸠ˈ៥᳔䖥ᕜᖭDŽ
ᘤᗩϡ㸠ˈ៥᳔䖥ᕜᖭDŽ
Kǒngpà bùxíng, wǒ zuìjìn hěn máng.
I am afraid I am unable to help you.

3 a. ᇍϡ䍋ˈ៥ϡএкᑫDŽ
ᇡϡ䍋ˈ៥ϡএ᳌ᑫDŽ
Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bù qù shūdiàn.
360
Answer key

b. ϡདᛣᗱˈ៥Ꮖ㒣᳝߿ⱘᅝᥦњDŽ
ϡདᛣᗱˈ៥Ꮖ㍧᳝߹ⱘᅝᥦњDŽ
Bùhǎoyìsi, wǒ yǐjing yǒu bié de ānpái le.
c. ᇍϡ䍋ˈ៥⦄೼ᕫএϞ䇒DŽ
ᇡϡ䍋ˈ៥⧒೼ᕫএϞ䂆DŽ
Duìbuqǐ, wǒ xiànzài děi qù shàngkè.
d. ᇍϡ䍋ˈ៥Ҟ໽≵᳝ᯊ䯈DŽ
ᇡϡ䍋ˈ៥Ҟ໽≦᳝ᰖ䭧DŽ
Duìbuqǐ, wǒ jīngtiān méiyǒu shíjiān.
e. ᇍϡ䍋ˈ៥⦄೼ᕫএᓔӮDŽ
ᇡϡ䍋ˈ៥⧒೼ᕫএ䭟᳗DŽ
Duìbuqǐ, wǒ xiànzài děi qù kāi huì.
f. ៥ⱘ⬉䆱ണњDŽ
៥ⱘ䳏䁅າњDŽ
Wǒ de diànhuà huài le.

4 Abby: ਞ䆝ҪԴϡ୰⃶⋄೑㦰DŽ /ਞ䀈ҪԴϡ୰ℵ⋄೟㦰DŽ

Gàosù tā nǐ bù xǐhuān Tàiguó cài.
Cathy: ህ䇈Դ᳔䖥ᕜᖭˈᘤᗩ≵᳝ᯊ䯈DŽ /ህ䁾Դ᳔䖥ᕜᖭˈᘤᗩ≦᳝ᰖ䭧DŽ
Jiù shuō nǐ zuì jìn hěn máng, kǒngpà méi yǒu shíjiān.
Emily: 䇈ԴӮ㗗㰥㗗㰥DŽ䇈Դ⦄೼ϡᮍ֓䇈䆱DŽ
䁾Դ᳗㗗ᝂ㗗ᝂDŽ䁾Դ⧒೼ϡᮍ֓䁾䁅DŽ
Shuō nǐ huì kǎolǒ kǎolǒ. Shuō nǐ xiànzài bù fāngbiàn shuō huà.
You:

63 Expressing apologies, regrets, sympathy, and bad news

1 a. ᇍϡ䍋DŽ /ᇡϡ䍋DŽDuìbuqǐ. Excuse me. b. ϡདᛣᗱDŽBù hǎo yìsi. How

embarrassing. c. ᇍϡ䍋DŽ /ᇡϡ䍋DŽDuìbuqǐ. Excuse me. d. ⳳᢅℝDŽZhēn bàoqiàn.
/ᇡϡ䍋DŽDuìbuqǐ. Excuse me.
I really apologize. (I am really sorry.) e. ᇍϡ䍋DŽ
2 a. ⳳৃᚰDŽZhēn kěxī. What a pity.
b. ᏠᳯԴᮽ᮹ᒋ໡DŽ
Xīwàng nǐ zǎo rì kāngfù.
I hope your health is soon restored.
c. 䙷໾ৃᚰњDŽ
Nà tài kěxī le.
That’s a pity.
d. ⳳৃᚰDŽZhēn kěxī. What a pity.
or
༅䋹ᰃ៤ࡳП↡௯DŽ
༅ᬫᰃ៤ࡳП↡௯DŽ
Shībài shì chénggōng zhī mǔ ma.
Failure is the mother of success.
361
ANSWER KEY

e. ⳳৃᚰDŽZhēn kěxī. What a pity.

f. ໮ֱ䞡䑿ԧDŽ
໮ֱ䞡䑿储DŽ
Duō bǎozhòng shēntǐ.
Take care of your health.

3 A. c B. a C. b D. b

64 Expressing congratulations and good wishes

1 a. ೷䆲ᖿФʽ
/㘪䁩ᖿῖʽShèngdàn kuàilè! Merry Christmas!
b. /ᮄᑈᖿῖʽXīnnián kuàilè! Happy New Year!
ᮄᑈᖿФʽ
c. /ᙁ୰ⱐ䉵ʽGōngxǐ fā cái! Congratulations and get rich!
ᙁ୰থ䋶ʽ
d. ᑚ⼱ᮄီDŽ
ᝊ⼱ᮄီDŽ
Qìngzhù xīn hūn.
Congratulations on your wedding.
e. ⼱䌎ᓔᓴ໻ঢ়DŽ
⼱䊔䭟ᔉ໻ঢ়DŽ
Zhù hè kāizhāng dàjí.
Wishing you extraordinary good luck on your great business opening.
f. ⼱Դ⫳᮹ᖿФʽ
⼱Դ⫳᮹ᖿῖʽ
Zhù nǐ shēngrì kuàilè!
Wishing you a happy birthday!
g. ⼱Դᇓ↨फቅˈ⽣བϰ⍋DŽ
⼱Դ໑↨फቅˈ⽣བᵅ⍋DŽ
Zhù nǐ shòu bǐ nán shān, fú rú dōng hǎi.
I wish you a long life and great fortune.
h. ⼱Դ吣⿟ϛ䞠DŽ
⼱Դ區⿟㨀䞠DŽ
Zhù nǐ péngchéng wànlǐ.
Wishing you a promising future.
i. ᑚ⼱㒧ီ㑾ᗉDŽ
ᝊ⼱㌤ီ㋔ᗉDŽ
Qìngzhù jiéhūn jìniàn.
Congratulations on your wedding anniversary.
2 a. No. b. No. c. Yes. d. No. e. Yes. f. No. g. No. h. No. i. No. j. Yes. k. No.
l. Yes. m. No. n. No. o. Yes. p. No.
3 A. c B. b C. a D. c

362
Index

The numbers refer to chapters in which relevant exercises occur. For example, 13 refers to
Chapter 13 of this workbook. 13.1 refers to Chapter 13, Exercise 1.

ability Ӯ/᳗huì, 㛑 néng, ৃҹ kěyǐ 12.1, auxiliary verbs see modal verbs
12.6, 52.1–52.5, 62.2, 62.3 AV(SV) ᰃ shì AV(SV) [ৃᰃ kěshì] AV(SV)
across from ᇍ䴶/ᇡ䴶 duìmiàn 29.1 all right (but) 41.7
action verbs 13, and aspect 17
actions, habitual actions 35, performing again bǎ ᡞ 20, 21.2, 57.2
in the past 37.5; actions that did not occur bàn ञ half 6.8, 49.1, 49.2
13.2, 37.3, 37.6; and perfective aspect 13,
because yīnwei ಴Ў/಴⠆ 44.1, 44.2, 44.5,
34.6, 37.1, 37.3, 37.5, 37.6, 37.7
44.6, 44.7
additional information 15.1, 40
adjectival verbs 10; as predicates 10.6 before ҹࠡ yǐqián 42.1, 42.2
adverbs 15, 35.1, 35.2, 36.1, 37.8, 40.2, 40.3, bèi 㹿 passive 21
42.4, 42.5, 42.6, 42.7; describing how actions besides, except for 䰸њĂҹ໪ chúle . . . yǐwài
are performed 31.4, 31.5; intensifiers 10.4, 40.2, 40.3, 57.3, 57.6
31.4; with logical function 15.1; manner bǐ ↨ compared to, more than 33.1, 33.2, 33.3,
adverbials, describing the performance of the 33.6, 33.7, 33.8, 33.10, 33.11
verb 31; and future situations 36.1; and habitual bìděi ᖙᕫ 12.2
situations 35.1; and past situations 37.8 bié ߿ don’t 50.1, 51.2
advice 25.5, 33.10, 54.3
bǐjiào ↨䕗/↨䓗 comparatively 33.9
after with ҹৢ/ҹᕠ yǐhòu, ህ jiù, њ le 37.2,
bìngqiě ᑊϨ/ᑋϨ moreover 40.2, 40.3
42.3, 42.4, 42.7, 42.8
birthday congratulations 64.1
age 11.2, 22.1
bìxě ᖙ乏/ᖙ䷜ must 12.2, 27.3
although 㱑✊/䲪✊ suīrán 41.1, 41.3, 41.4
both 䛑dōu 15.1, 46
already Ꮖ㒣/Ꮖ㍧ yǐjing 13.1, 18.5, 32.5, 34.4,
both . . . and জ yòu . . . জ yòu . . . 40.2, 40.3, 40.4
38.7, 39.1, 39.3, 41.6
bù ϡ no, not 10.2, 11.1, 27.1, 27.2
and ੠ hé/䎳 gēn 16.1
bùdàn . . . érqiě ϡԚĂ㗠ϨĂ not only...
anxiety, expressing 55
but also 40.2, 40.3
anyone, anything, anywhere, any time 46.2
but ৃᰃ kěshì, Ԛᰃ dànshì 41 46.2 ér 㗠 41.5
apologies 25.1, 63.1, 63.3
approximations 6.6 bù xǔ ϡ䆌/ϡ䀅 prohibited 12.2, 51.3
as long as, so long as া㽕 zhǐyào 45.1, 45.6 bù yào ϡ㽕 don’t 30.5, 50.3, 50.5
asking someone to repeat information 25.2
aspect 17, њ le perfective aspect 13.1, 13.2, cái ᠡ only, less than expected 15.1, 15.2, and
13.3, 13.4, 17.1–17.3, 17.5, 34.6, 37.1, 37.3, sequence 42.5, 42.7
37.4, 37.5, 37.7, 37.10; perfective aspect and calendar time 34.1, 36.1, 49.3, 49.4, 49.5, 49.7
sequence 17.5, 37.2, 42.3, 42.4, 42.8; zhe can Ӯ/᳗ huì, 㛑 néng, ৃҹ kěyǐ 12.1, 52
ⴔ/㨫 durative and progressive aspect 13, cause and effect 44
17.4, 17.5, 34.2, 34.3; 䖛/䘢 guò experiential change 38
aspect 13, 17.2, 17.6, 37.6, 37.7, 37.10 characters see Chinese characters

363
INDEX

Chinese characters: character components 3.2; directional complements see directional verbs
character shapes 3.1; phonetic 3.8; radical directional verbs 19
3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6; shapes 3.1; simplified directions 48; compass directions 47.1, 48.3;
characters 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7; strokes 3.9; directional movement 48.4; directional
traditional characters 3.3, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 verbs 19; giving directions 25.1, 25.2, 47.1,
chúfēi -- unless 45.1, 45.6 48.1, 48.2, 48.3
chúle . . . yǐwài --...-- besides; except for discount 6.9, 6.10
40.2, 40.3, 40.4, 57.3, 57.6 disjunction 16.1
cì - times 39.6 disposal construction see bǎ -
classifiers 8 dissatisfaction 60.2, 60.3, 60.4
clock time 49.1, 49.6 distance 47.4
commands 51.1, 51.5 do not have to see obligations
communication strategies 25 dōu - all 15
comparison 33 due to --/-- yóuyú 44.5, 44.6
compass directions 47.1 duì -/- preposition 14.1, 14.2, 14.3
completed action and aspect 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, duìbuqǐ ---/--- excuse me (apology)
17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.5, 37.1, 37.2, 37.3, 37.5, 25.1, 25.2, 63.1
37.6, 37.7, 37.10; and resultative verbs 18, 32.1, duōshǎo -- how many 28.9, 28.10
32.2, 32.3, 32.8, 32.9 duration 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 39.7
compliments 59 durative aspect see aspect
conclusion see resultative verbs
conditionals and expressing conditions 45 east see directions
cóng -/- from 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 48.1, 48.2, 48.3 effect see cause and effect
cónglái --/-- never 13.1, 27.2, 35.4 either–or --/-- háishi questions 16.1,
congratulations 64 16.2, 28.6
conjunctions 16 equational verb - shì 11.3, 29.1, 30.1, 30.2
content questions 28.8–28.11, 30.2 estimates 6.6
contrast 41 even if -- jiù shì 45.1
conversely fǎnguòlái ---/---, on the every - měi 46.7
contrary fǎn’ér -- 41.6 except for, besides --...-- chúle . . . yǐwài
coverbs see prepositions and prepositional 40.2, 40.3, 40.4, 57.3, 57.6
phrases existence - yǒu 11.3, 29.1, 29.4, 29.5
experienced in the past V -/- guò 17.2, 17.6,
dànshì -- but 41.1–41.4, 41.7 37.6, 37.7, 37.10
dào - to 14.1, 14.2, 48.1, 48.2, 48.3 extent or result of a situation 32
dates (calendar) 49.3, 49.5
days of the week 49.4 fǎnguòlái ---/--- conversely fǎn’ér
de - noun modification 9 -- on the contrary 41.6
de -, manner adverbials 31.1–31.4; resultative and far see distance
potential endings 18.2, 18.3, 18.6, 32.2, 32.4 fear 55
de - adverbial modification 31.5, 31.8 fēn -, money 8.4, 8.5; time 49.1
default objects, action verb 13.3, 13.4 final particles see sentence final particles
deflecting praise see responding to compliments first . . . then - xiān . . . - zài 42.6, 42.7
děi - must 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 50.1, 50.4, 50.5 focus: with - bǎ 20, 57.2; with --...--
demonstratives see specifiers and demonstratives chúle ... yǐwài 57.3, 57.6; with -/- lián
děngdào -- at the time when 43.5 57.4 with -...- shì . . . de 48.5, 57.5,
describing people, places, and things 30 57.6
de shíhou --- when 43.1–43.2, 43.5, 43.6 follow-up questions with - ne 28.7
desires, expressing 53.1, 53.2, 53.3 fractions 6.7
dì - ordinal prefix 6.5 frequency 39.6
difference see comparison future 36

364
Index

gěi -/- preposition 14.2, 14.3 jiù - logical adverb 15.1, sequence 37.2,
gēn -, in comparison structures 33.1, 33.2, 42.4, 42.8
33.5, 33.11; conjunction 16.1; preposition jiù shì -- even if 45.1
14.1–14.3
gèng - even more (comparative) 10, 33.7 kěshì -- but 41.1–41.4, 41.7
gōngxǐ! --!congratulations! 64 kéyǐ -- can (permission) 12.1, 12.5, 12.6,
goodbyes 24.2, 24.3, 24.4 51.1, 51.2, 51.5
good wishes see congratulations kinship terms 22.1
gratitude, expressing and responding to 61 know --/-- 23.2, 23.3; knowledge,
greetings 24.1, 24.3, 24.4; New Year expressing 54
greetings 64.1
kǒngpà -- afraid that (expressing bad news)
guest and host 58
63.3
guo -/-:and action verbs 13; clock time
49.1; movement across 48.3; -/- guo last (week/month/year) 37.1, 49.4
experiential aspect 17.2, 17.6, 37.6, 37.7, le -, change or new situations 38.2–38.5;
37.10 perfective aspect 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4,
habitual actions 35 17.1–17.3, 17.5; 37.1, 37.3, 37.4, 37.5, 37.7,
hái -/- in addition 15 37.10; perfective aspect and
háishi --/-- either–or questions 16.1, 28.6 sequence 37.2, 42.3, 42.4, 42.8
hái yǒu --/-- 40 left --/-- zuǒbian (and other location
half - bàn 6.8, 49.1, 49.2 words) 47.1, 47.2, 47.3
hé -, comparisons 33.1, 33.2, 33.5, 33.11; less than --/-- méi yǒu 33.1, 33.2, 33.4,
conjunctions 16.1 33.8, 33.10, 33.11
here see specifiers and demonstratives letters, 24.3
hope see desires lí -/- separated from (distance) 47.4
host and guest see guest and host lián -/- even 57.4
hour see clock time; duration location - zài, as description 47.3; indicating
how how do you get to? ---?/---? location 11.3, 14.2, 29.1, 29.4, 29.5,
zěnme zǒu? 48.1, 48.2; how do you write? 47.1–47.3
---/--- zěnme xiě 25.1; how far? logical adverbs - yě also, - dōu all, both,
--/-- duō yuǎn 47.4; no matter how -/- hái also, in addition, - jiù only,
--/-- zěnme 46.4, 46.5
- zhǐ only, - cái only, only if 15
huì -/- can 12.1, 52.1, 52.3
huòzhě -- or 16.1
ma -/- yes–no questions 10.1, 10.2, 28.1–28.5
identification see - shì made of (NP) - (NP) -- yòng (NP) zuòde 30.3
if . . . then -- yàoshi 45.2, -- rúguǒ 45.3, manner adverbials 31
--/-- tǎngruò 45.4 manner complements see manner adverbials
illness and symptoms 30.5 marriage congratulations 64
imperative see commands may see permission; possibility
in addition (to) 40.2 means of transportation 48.5
in (preposition) 14.1, 14.2 measure words see classifiers
intensifiers 10.4 méi yǒu --/--, and action verbs 13.2, 37.3,
interjections 56.1 37.6; in comparisons 33.1, 33.4, 33.8, 33.10,
internet 26.4, 26.5, 26.6 33.11; negation of - yǒu 27.1, 27.2
introductions 23, 34.6 modal verbs 12
invitations, accepting 62.1; declining 62.2, money 6.10, 8.4, 8.5
62.3, 62.4 months 49.3, 49.7
movement, talking about 48
jǐ -/- how many? 28.8, 28.9, 28.10 more and more ---/--- yuè lái yuè 38.1,
jìn -/- enter 48.4 38.4, 38.5, 38.6

365
INDEX

more than - bǐ 33.1, 33.2, 33.3, 33.6, 33.7, ought to see obligations
33.8, 33.10, 33.11 otherwise --- yàobùrán 45.1, 45.6, --/-
must see obligations - fouzé 45.1
must not see obligations ownership see possession

nà - that 7.1 pà - fear 55

nǎli --/-- where?, as a question word 7.1, passive 21; and bǎ - 21.2; conveying bad
28.10, 47.1; as a response to a compliment 59 news 21.1, 21.3
nàlǐ --/-- there 7.1 past, experience verb suffix -/- guo 13, 37.6,
name cards 22.2, 22.3 37.7; focusing on a detail of a past event
names 11.2, 22.1 with - shì . . . - de 37.9, 48.5; perform an
nǎr --/-- where? 7.1, 28.10, 47.1 action again in the past - yòu 37.5;
nàr --/-- there 7.1 completion and the past 37
ne - 28.7 percentages 6.7
near see distance perfective aspect see aspect
needs, expressing 53.2 permission 51.1, 51.2, 51.5
need not see obligations phonetic see Chinese characters
negation 4.5, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 17.2, 18.2, 27; phrase order 4.1–4.4, 8.1
none, not any, no matter how 46 physical ability - néng 12.1, 12.6, 52.2, 52.4,
néng - ability, physical ability 12.1, 12.6, 62.2, 62.3
52.2, 52.4, 62.2, 62.3 Pinyin romanization 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
new information see new situations possession, expressing with - de 5.2, 9.2,
new situations 38 29.2, 29.3; expressing with - yǒu 29.1
New Year greetings 64.1 possibility -/- huì 12.1, 52.3, 52.5
next (week/month/year) 36.1, 36.3, 49.4 potential complements see resultative verbs,
no matter how --/-- zěnme 46.4, 46.5 directional verbs
none --/-- shénme  neg. 46 potential with - de and - bù 18.2, 18.3,
no one -/- shéi  neg. 46 18.4, 18.6, 32.2, 32.4–32.9
not anymore with change of state - le 38.3 praise see compliments
not have to see obligations preference, expressing 53
noun and noun phrase modification with prepositions and prepositional phrases 4.3, 14
- de 9.1–9.3, 9.5, 9.6, 29.2, 29.3, describing predicate adjectival verbs 10.6
people, places and things 30.3 present situations and present time
noun modifiers in a series 9.5 34.1–34.3, 34.5, 34.6
nouns 5 prices 6.10, 8.4, 8.5
numbers 6; estimates 6.6; fractions and progressive aspect see aspect
percentages 6.7; ordinal numbers 6.5, prohibitions 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 50.2, 50.3,
half - bàn 6.8, 49.1, 49.2 50.4, 51
pronouns 5.1, 5.3
object, direct and indirect 4.1, 21.1
obligations 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 50.1, què -/- but, yet 41.4
50.4, 50.5 questions 28, asking questions and question
obligatory objects and action verb 13.3 phrase order 4.3, 10.1, 28.9; content
o’clock 49.1, 49.6 questions 28.8–28.11, 30.2; either–or --/-
on see prepositions and prepositional phrases - háishi questions 16.1, 28.6; follow-up
ongoing actions 39.4 questions with - ne 28.7; yes–no questions
only cái -, - jiù, - zhǐ 15 10.3, 17.3, 17.6, 28.1–28.5
on the contrary see contrast
opinions, expressing 45.3, 54.2, 54.3 radical see Chinese characters
or -- huòzhě 16.1, --/-- háishi 16.1, ràng -/- 21.1, 51.4
16.2, 28.6 ránhòu --/-- afterwards 25.1
ordinal numbers 6.5 reason and result 44

366
Index

reflexive pronoun 㞾Ꮕ zìjǐ self, oneself, 5.1, stative verbs 11

15.3, 46.6 suggestions 30.5, 45.4, 54.2, 54.3, 56.2
refusals 62.2, 62.3, 62.4 suīrán 㱑✊/䲪✊ although 41.1, 41.3, 41.4
regarding ݇Ѣ/䮰ᮐ guānyú 34.6, 54.5, 57.6; suóyǐ ᠔ҹ so, therefore 44.1, 44.2, 44.5
㟇Ѣ/㟇ᮐ zhìyú 25.4 superlative ᳔ zuì 33.6, 33.7
relative clause see noun and noun phrase sympathy 63.2, 63.3
modification
relatives see kinship terms tǎngruò ‫׬‬㢹/܏㢹 if 45.4
rènshi 䅸䆚/䁡䄬 know, recognize 23.2, 23.3, 54.1 telecommunications and internet
requesting repetition or clarification 25.1, 25.2 communications 26
responding to compliments 59 telephone etiquette 26.3
result or extent of a situation 32.7 telephone numbers 6.2, 26.1
resultative complements see resultative verbs temperature (weather) 30.4
resultative verbs 18, 32 terms of address 22.1
right ে䖍/ে䙞 yòubian (and other location text messages 26.2, 26.7
words) 47.1, 47.2 there see specifiers and demonstratives
rúguǒ བᵰ if 45.3 therefore, so suóyǐ ᠔ҹ 44.1, 44.2, 44.5
there is, there exists see existence
satisfaction 60.1, 60.3, 60.4 these/those and this/that see specifiers and
self, oneself (reflexive pronoun) 㞾Ꮕ zìjǐ 5.1, demonstratives; noun and noun phrase
15.3, 39.7, 46.6 tì ᳓ see prepositions and prepositional phrases
sentence final њ le see change; new situations time calendar 34.1, 36.1, 49.3, 49.4, 49.5, 49.7;
sentence final particles 56.1, 56.2 clock 49.1, 49.6; telling time 49.1; time
sequence 18.7, 37.2, 42 when 4.3, 4.4; see also simultaneous
shéi 䇕/䂄 who? 28.8, 28.10, whoever, no one situations
46.2, 46.3, 46.6 time when 4.3, 4.4, 34.1, 35.2, 35.3, 36,
shénme ҔМ/⫮咑 what? 28.8, 28.10, whatever, 49.4, 49.7
nothing 46.2, 46.3, 46.4, 46.5, 46.6 titles 22.1
shénme dìfang ҔМഄᮍ/⫮咑ഄᮍ where? to (preposition) 14.1–14.3, 48.1–48.4
28.8, 28.9, 28.10, wherever, nowhere 46.3, tones and tone changes (tone sandhi) 1.1,
46.6 1.2, 2.1
shénme shíhòu ҔМᯊ‫׭‬/⫮咑ᰖ‫ ׭‬when? tóngshí ৠᯊ/ৠᰖ simultaneous situations
28.10, 49.4; whenever, never 46.2, 46.6 43.6
shì ᰃ 11.3, 29.1, 29.2, 30.2 see also shì . . . de topic and topicalization 57.1
ᰃĂⱘ traditional characters see Chinese characters
shì . . . de ᰃĂⱘ 37.9, 48.5, 57.5, 57.6
under 47.3
shìfǒu ᰃ৺ yes or no 28.3
unless 䰸䴲 chúfēi 45.1, 45.6
should see obligations
should not see prohibitions verbs, action 13; adjectival 10; modal 12;
similarity -ḋ/-ῷ yīyàng (comparison) stative 11
33.1, 33.5 verb suffixes, 䖛/䘢 guò 13.1, 17.2, 17.6, 37.6,
simplified characters see Chinese characters 37.7, 39.6; њ le 13, 17.1, 17.2, 17.5, 17.3, 37.1,
simultaneous situations 43 37.2, 37.3, 37.4, 37.6, 37.7; ⴔ/㨫 zhe 13.5,
so, therefore suóyǐ ᠔ҹ 44.1, 44.2, 44.5 34.3, 39.5
social media 26.5, 26.8, 26.9
social obligations see obligations wǎng ᕔ towards 14.1, 48.1, 48.2, 48.3, 48.6
spatial orientation see location weather 30.4
speaker attitudes and perspectives, expressing wedding congratulations 64
with interjections ands final particles 55, weeks 37.1, 39.2, 49.2, 49.4
with ህ jiù and ᠡcái 15.1, 15.2 wèile Ўњ/⠆њ due to, because of 44.3, 44.6
specifiers and demonstratives 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, wèi shénme ЎҔМ/⠆⫮咑 why? 28.9, 28.10,
9.1, 9.2, 9.4 44.4

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INDEX

welcoming a guest see guest and host yīyàng -ḋ/-ῷ the same (comparisons) 33.1,
what ҔМ/⫮咐 shénme 28.8, 28.10 33.5, 33.11
when, marker of simultaneous situations yǒu ᳝, comparisons 33.2; distance 47.6;
ⱘᯊ‫׭‬/ⱘᰖ‫ ׭‬de shíhou 43.1, 43.2, 43.5; duration 39.2, 39.3; existence 11.3, 29.1,
question word ҔМᯊ‫?׭‬/Ҕ咐ᰖ‫?׭‬ 29.4, 29.5; negation of 27.1, 27.2; possession
shénme shíhou? 28.10, 49.4 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
where ા‫?ܓ‬/ા‫?ܦ‬nǎr? ҔМഄᮍ?/⫮咐ഄᮍ? yòu verb le জ verb њ did V again 37.5
shénme dìfang 28.8, 28.9, 28.10 yòu verb1 yòu verb2 জ verb1 জ verb2
which ા?/ા?nǎ? 7.2, 46.3 simultaneous situations 40.3, 43.4, 43.5, 43.6
who 䇕?/䂄?shéi? 28.8, 28.9, 28.10 yóuyú ⬅Ѣ/⬅ᮐ due to 44.5, 44.6
why Ў⫮М?/⚎⫮咑?wèishénme? 28.9, yuè verb1 yuè verb2 䍞 verb1 䍞 verb2 the more
28.10, 44.4 verb1 the more verb2 38.1, 38.4, 38.6, 38.8
willingness, expressing 53.1, 53.4 yuè lái yuè 䍞ᴹ䍞 more and more 38.1, 38.4,
word order see phrase order 38.5, 38.8, 38.9
worry 55
zài ೼, durative and progressive aspect 17.4,
xiān ‫ ܜ‬. . . zài ‫ ݡ‬first . . . then . . . 42.6, 42.7 34.2; location 11.3, 14.2, 14.3, 29.1, 29.4,
xiāngdāng Ⳍᔧ/Ⳍ⭊ rather see intensifiers 29.5, 47.1–47.3
xìng ྦྷ 11.2, 11.3, 23.1, 23.2 zài ‫ ݡ‬again in the future 36.2, 38.3
zài shuō ‫ݡ‬䇈/‫ݡ‬䁾 say it again 25.2, 63.1;
yàoshi 㽕ᰃ if 45.2, 45.5 furthermore 40.3
yě г also 15, 40.1, 46.3, 46.4, 46.5 zánmen અӀ/અ‫ ץ‬we, us 5.1
yes–no questions 10.1, 28.1–28.5 zěnme ᗢМ/ᗢ咑 how 25.1, 32.6, 44.4, 46.4,
yībiān . . . yībiān . . . -䖍/-䙞Ă-䖍/-䙞 46.5, 48.1, 48.2
two actions at the same time 43.3, 43.5, zěnmeyàng ᗢМḋ/ᗢ咑ῷ how about it?
43.6 what is it like? 31.3, 41.7, 60, 62.1
yī fāngmiàn...yī fāngmiàn -ᮍ䴶Ă-ᮍ䴶 zhe ⴔ/㨫 durative aspect 17.4, 17.5, 34.3
simultaneous situations 43.5, 43.6 zhèlǐ 䖭䞠/䗭㺣 here 7.1
yǐhòu ҹৢ/ҹᕠ after 17.7, 37.2, 42.3, 42.4, zhèngzài ℷ೼ durative and progressive aspect
42.7, 42.8 17.7, 34.2, 34.5
yǐjing Ꮖ㒣/Ꮖ㍧ already 13.1, 18.5, 32.5, 34.4, zhèr 䖭‫ܓ‬/䗭‫ ܦ‬here 7.1, 48.2
38.7, 39.1, 39.3, 41.6 zhī П in expressing fractions 6.7
yīngdāng ᑨᔧ/ឝ⭊ should see obligations zhǐ া only 15.1
yīnggāi ᑨ䆹/ឝ䁆 should see obligations zhīdao ⶹ䘧 know 54.1
yīnwei ಴Ў/಴⠆ because 44.1, 44.2, 44.5, zhī suǒyǐ П᠔ҹ the reason why 44.2, 44.5, 44.6
44.6, 44.7 zìjǐ 㞾Ꮕ self, oneself 15.3, 39.7, 46.6
yǐqián ҹࠡ before 42.1, 42.2 zuì ᳔ the most (superlative) 33.6, 33.7

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