Parts of A Substation
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ScribdTranslationsParts of A Substation
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ScribdTranslationsPARTS OF A SUBSTATION
Transformer
The electrical device that makes it possible to reduce or increase the voltage that
exists in an alternating current electrical circuit, while maintaining the power, is
called a transformer. The power received by the equipment, when it is an ideal
transformer, is the same power as that obtained at the output.
Real machines have a small loss percentage, this depends mostly on their size
and design, although other factors also come into play.
Power switch
This is a type of switch that has a high breaking capacity and remains connected in
various circumstances for weeks and even months when they are operated on
different occasions in many of the motor switches.
Restorer
That is its electromechanical device that works to interrupt and sensitize
overcurrents in a circuit in a certain time when a fault eventually occurs. It is also
used when reclosing automatically and when the circuit is reenergized. If the failure
continues, the process carried out is to open and reclose again.
The operational sequence that occurs has up to four opening operations, which
results in it being blocked in the end. The sequence consists of two important
functions which are to test the line to confirm whether the fault condition has
ended, and also to discriminate temporary faults and permanent faults.
Fuse blades
They are a type of blades that open when an overcurrent occurs. These blades
have a calibrated fuse element on the inside that works so that the determined
current reaches its melting point and can interrupt the passage of the electric
current that exists through it. When you want to reset, you need to replace the fuse
element to the blade and then connect.
Normally the fuse blades are unipolar in operation, which means that if only one
phase melts, only this phase is replaced without having to open the other phases.
Disconnecting blades
They are a type of blades that are mechanically held and can be operated
manually or mechanically. To reset them you only need to connect them
automatically again or do so using a pole.
lightning arrester
It is a device that is used to attract an ionized ray so that it conducts and draws the
discharge towards the earth, so that it does not cause damage to people or
buildings.
Duplex control boards
They are structures with panels and rear fronts of insulating material or metal that
are separated by distances that can be comparatively short, they are also closed at
both ends.
Capacitors
They are passive devices used in electronics and electricity, they have the ability to
conserve energy by sustaining an electric field.
Instrument transformers
They are measuring devices that generally do not support high voltages or
currents, because if this happens the construction cost would increase.
1. Transformer
2. Disconnectors
3. Grounding switches
4. Current and voltage transformers
5. Circuit Breakers
6. surge arrester
7. Busbars
8. Lightning rod
9. Portal
10. Operations building
Each of these elements fulfills its function and has certain characteristics within the
installation. Let's see the main characteristics of each of them .
1. Transformer , the maximum electrical transport voltage allowed within the
European Union is 380,000 volts , this high voltage has the objective of keeping
losses as low as possible. But going from that amount of volts to 230 volts is not a
single step task. To do this, several transformers are needed that adjust the
voltages in several stages to reach the desired voltage. The closer the substation
is to the end consumer, the required size of the transformer is reduced. To insulate
and dissipate the heat generated inside the transformer, cooled oil is used.
2. Disconnectors , their purpose is to open the electrical circuit of the installation
and completely isolate certain components from the rest of the installation.
3. Grounding switches provide a safe and reliable connection to disable system
components. They prevent possible danger during the loading process.
Combined with disconnectors they create a safe place within the work area.
5. Circuit Breakers is the high voltage switch that activates or deactivates each
of the power lines.
6. Surge arrester , usually found at the end of each line or cable. They serve to
limit unexpected voltage surges , which are not usually in normal ranges, in this
way, if we maintain the voltage at controlled levels, the substation can be protected
without needing to interrupt the continuous electrical supply.
7. Busbars are the backbone of electrical substations , they connect and are
responsible for the transmission of electrical energy through the different sections
of the installation.
8. Lightning rod , it is an essential component within the electrical installation
, it serves to conduct in a controlled and intelligent way the electricity discharged by
lightning when it hits the surface.
9. Portal is the mechanical structure that supports in a stable and isolated
manner the lines and elements of the electrical substation that remain
suspended in the air.
10. Operations building , is the building where the control of the systems,
communications and the storage of electrical elements and spare parts is
carried out.
