Cs 510 Midterm Spring 12 Ans
Cs 510 Midterm Spring 12 Ans
1 15
2 15
3 20
4 20
5 10
6 10
7 10
TOTAL
100
We
devoted
two
lectures
to
student
presentations
of
commercial
applications
of
computer
vision.
Please
succinctly
summarize
three
distinct
applications,
one
paragraph
for
each.
Application
1:
There
is
no
single
correct
answer.
Indeed,
any
reasonably
substantive
discourse
on
any
three
of
the
topics
covered
by
the
term
papers
would
constitute
a
good
answer.
For
the
record,
those
topics
are:
Application
3:
0.0
-1.0 -0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Seconds
Here
is
what
happens
of
samples
are
spaced
at
¾
of
a
cycle
(second)
intervals.
1.0
0.5
Signal
0.0
-1.0 -0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Seconds
This
is
sampling
below
the
Nyquist
rate
of
2
samples
per
second
(no
more
than
0.5
seconds
between
samples).
Note
on
the
curve,
over
6
seconds
there
are
only
9
samples
as
opposed
to
the
required
12.
Further,
12
is
a
special
case
because
it
can
end
up
sampling
straight
down
the
zero
crossings,
missing
the
sine
wave
entirely.
Thus,
one
says
sampling
must
be
carried
out
above
(not
equal
to)
the
Nyquist
rate.
𝐿! = 𝑣! − 𝑤! !
Finally,
state
the
circumstances
under
which
maximizing
correlation
is
equivalent
to
minimizing
L2
distance
and
use
the
formal
statement
of
these
circumstances
to
derive
(prove)
the
equivalence.
First
condition,
subtract
off
means
𝑣! − 𝑣 𝑤! − 𝑤
𝑣 = 𝑣! − 𝑣
𝑤 = 𝑤! − 𝑤
𝑣! − 𝑣 𝑤! − 𝑤
Second
condition,
make
each
vector
unit
length
𝑣 𝑤
𝑣= 𝑤 =
𝑣 𝑤
Now,
start
with
L2
and
manipulate
𝐿! = 𝑣! − 𝑤! ! = 𝑣! ! + 𝑤! ! −2 𝑣! 𝑤! = 1 + 1 − 2 𝑣! 𝑤!
The
sum
of
the
squares
is
just
one
because
of
step
two
and
correlation
is
the
dot
product
because
of
both
steps,
so
maximizing
L2
above
is
equivalent
to
minimizing
the
dot
product/correlation.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Write
your
answer
in
the
table
below.
A B C D E F G H I J K L
11 7 2 1 12 4 10 8 5 6 9 3
What
is
the
vector
on
the
left
hand
side
of
the
equation?
These
are
coordinates
of
four
points
after
application
of
a
2-‐D
projective
transform.
What
is
the
vector
on
the
right
hand
side
of
the
equation?
They
are
the
8
parameters
in
an
8-‐DOF
projective
transform
defined
as
What
do
the
terms
in
the
matrix
signify?
They
signify
the
coordinates
of
four
points
prior
to
application
of
the
2-‐D
projective
transformation
as
well
as
the
u,
v
coordinates
after
the
transformation
in
such
a
way
that
it
will
be
possible
to
solve
for
the
parameters
of
the
transformation
(see
next
question).
How
is
this
equation,
which
simplifying
is
in
the
form
𝐴 = 𝑀 𝑍
ultimately
put
to
good
use?
In
other
words,
with
it,
what
can
be
accomplished?
By
solving
for,
𝑍 = 𝑀!! 𝐴
we
can
directly
determine
the
transformation
mapping
the
four
points
in
x,y
space
to
their
corresponding
locations
in
u,v
space.
Using
the
image
to
demonstrate,
show
the
three
steps
needed
to
normalize
this
image
so
that
it
may
be
considered
to
reside
in
correlation
space.
Unroll
the
image
Subtract
the
mean,
Divide
through
by
length,
yielding
a
unit
length
6 Which
is
48
/
12
=
4
vector.
Length
is
square
root
of
2 2 8*2*2+2*4*4=32+32=64,
or
0 −2 8
6 −4 2
6 2 −2
2 2 −4
4 −2 2
2 0 2
2 −2 1 −2
6 −2 8 0
8 2 −2
4 4 −2
0 2
4
0
3 9 6
𝑋=
1 3 2
−3 3 0
𝑋=
−1 1 0
Compute
the
covariance
matrix
from
the
centered
data
matrix
−3 −1
−3 3 0 18 6
Ω= 3 1 =
−1 1 0 6 2
0 0
Draw
a
simple
sketch
of
the
three
data
points.
See
if
you
can
also
sketch
in
the
first
principal
component
simply
by
inspection.
This
can
be
done
by
inspection
because
it
is
such
a
simple
case.
The
three
points
lie
on
a
line,
with
the
middle
point
at
the
origin
after
centering.
The
principal
component
is
an
axis
defined
by
the
vector
from
the
origin
to
the
point
(3,1)
[or
alternatively
to
the
point
(-‐3,-‐1),
the
are
the
same
axis.]