Scribd
Upload
25 views6 pages

Lesson 03 - Exponential and Logarithmic Function-1-1

Uploaded by

nahid.sarker.241
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views6 pages

Lesson 03 - Exponential and Logarithmic Function-1-1

Uploaded by

nahid.sarker.241
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Ref. Textbook: Calculus (10th ed.) by Anton, Bivens and Davis


❑Family of Exponential Functions
Exponential function with base b : 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , where 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1.
1 𝑥
E.g., 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 , 𝑓 𝑥 = , 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥
2

Dom 𝑓 = −∞, ∞ The family of 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 (𝑏 > 0)


Range 𝑓 = (0, ∞)
Lesson 03: Exponential and Logarithmic
12 February 2023 1
Functions
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Ref. Textbook: Calculus (10th ed.) by Anton, Bivens and Davis

❑Family of Logarithmic Functions


Logarithm function with base b : 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑏 𝑥, where 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1.

E.g., 𝑓 𝑥 = log 2 (𝑥), 𝑓 𝑥 = log10 (𝑥) , 𝑓 𝑥 = log 𝑒 𝑥 = ln 𝑥

Dom 𝑓 = 0, ∞
Range 𝑓 = (−∞, ∞)

Lesson 03: Exponential and Logarithmic


12 February 2023 2
Functions
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Ref. Textbook: Calculus (10th ed.) by Anton, Bivens and Davis

Theorem. If 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1, then 𝑏 𝑥 and log 𝑏 𝑥 are inverse functions.

Graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 and 𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥 are Correspondence between properties of


reflections of one another about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. logarithmic and exponential functions

Cancellation properties of 𝒃𝒙 and 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙

log 𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 and 𝑏 log𝑏 (𝑥) = 𝑥


For example, log(10𝑥 ) = 𝑥, 10log(𝑥) = 𝑥, ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥, 𝑒 ln(𝑥) = 𝑥
Lesson 03: Exponential and Logarithmic
12 February 2023 3
Functions
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Ref. Textbook: Calculus (10th ed.) by Anton, Bivens and Davis
❑ Algebraic Properties of Logarithms
If 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑐 > 0, and 𝑟 is any real number, then:

❖ Usage of the above properties:

Lesson 03: Exponential and Logarithmic


12 February 2023 4
Functions
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Ref. Textbook: Calculus (10th ed.) by Anton, Bivens and Davis
Example. Solve 𝑥 for 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑦 ⟺ 𝑥 = log 𝑏 𝑦
𝑎 log 𝑥 = 2 𝑏 ln 𝑥 + 1 = 5 c 5𝑥 = 7 log 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑦 ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑦

Solution. (a) 𝑥 = 10 2 (b) 𝑥 = 𝑒 5 − 1 (c) 𝑥 = log 5 7

Example. A satellite that requires 7 watts of power to operate at full capacity is equipped
with a radioisotope power supply whose power output 𝑃 in watts is given by the equation
𝑃 = 75𝑒 −𝑡/125
where 𝑡 is the time in days that the supply is used. How long can the satellite operate at full
capacity?

Solution. If the power 𝑃 will fall to 7 watts at 𝑡 days then,


7
7 = 75𝑒 −𝑡/125 ⇒ 𝑒 −𝑡/125 = ⇒ ln(𝑒 −𝑡/125 ) = ln(7/75)
75
𝑡 7
⇒ − 125 = ln 75
7
⇒ 𝑡 = −125 ln ≈ 296.4 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
75
Thus, the satellite can operate at full capacity for about 296 days.

Lesson 03: Exponential and Logarithmic


12 February 2023 5
Functions
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Ref. Textbook: Calculus (10th ed.) by Anton, Bivens and Davis
❑ Exercise Set 0.5 H.W. 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑦 ⟺ 𝑥 = log 𝑏 𝑦
log 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑦 ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑦

57. On the Richter scale, the magnitude 𝑀 of an earthquake is related to the released energy 𝐸 in joules (J)
by the equation log 𝐸 = 4.4 + 1.5𝑀
(a) Find the energy E of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake that registered M = 8.2 on the Richter scale.
(b) If the released energy of one earthquake is 10 times that of another, how much greater is its magnitude
on the Richter scale?
Lesson 03: Exponential and Logarithmic
12 February 2023 6
Functions

You might also like