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SQL Short Note

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15 views

SQL Short Note

Uploaded by

mayankvaghela1723
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Oracle SQL

 Overview of Databases and SQL


 What is a database?
 Types of databases: Relational vs. Non-relational
 Introduction to SQL and its uses
 History and features of Oracle Database

 Setting Up the Environment


 Installing Oracle Database
 Oracle SQL Developer installation and configuration
 Connecting to the database
 Understanding the Oracle schema

Chapter 2: Basic SQL Queries

 Basic Query Structure


 SELECT statement syntax
 Selecting all columns
 Selecting specific columns
 Using DISTINCT to eliminate duplicates

 Filtering Data
 WHERE clause basics
 Comparison operators (=, <>, >, <, >=, <=)
 Logical operators (AND, OR, NOT)
 Using BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, and IS NULL
Chapter 3: SQL Functions and Expressions

 Single-Row Functions
 Character functions (UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTR, LENGTH, etc.)
 Number functions (ROUND, TRUNC, MOD, etc.)
 Date functions (SYSDATE, TO_DATE, ADD_MONTHS, etc.)
 Conversion functions (TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, TO_DATE)

 Aggregate Functions
 COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN
 Using GROUP BY and HAVING clauses

Chapter 4: Advanced SQL Queries

 Joins
 Introduction to joins
 Inner joins
 Outer joins (LEFT, RIGHT, FULL)
 Cross joins and self joins

 Subqueries
 Single-row subqueries
 Multiple-row subqueries
 Correlated subqueries
 EXISTS and NOT EXISTS

Chapter 5: Data Manipulation Language (DML)

 INSERT Statement
 Basic INSERT
 Inserting multiple rows
 Inserting data from another table
 UPDATE Statement
 Basic UPDATE
 Conditional UPDATE
 Updating multiple columns

 DELETE Statement
 Basic DELETE
 Conditional DELETE

 MERGE Statement
 Introduction to MERGE
 Use cases for MERGE

Chapter 6: Data Definition Language (DDL)

 Creating Tables
 Basic CREATE TABLE syntax
 Data types in Oracle
 Constraints (PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, CHECK, NOT NULL)

 Altering Tables
 ADD, MODIFY, DROP columns
 Adding and dropping constraints

 Dropping Tables
 Basic DROP TABLE syntax
 CASCADE constraints

Chapter 7: Indexes, Views, and Sequences

 Indexes
 Creating indexes
 Types of indexes (B-tree, Bitmap)
 Dropping indexes
 Views
 Creating views
 Using views in queries
 Updating data through views
 Dropping views

 Sequences
 Creating sequences
 Using sequences in INSERT statements
 Altering and dropping sequences

Chapter 8: Transactions and Concurrency

 Transactions
 COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT
 Understanding transaction control

 Concurrency Control
 Locks in Oracle (Row-level, Table-level)
 Deadlocks and how to avoid them

Chapter 9: PL/SQL Basics

 Introduction to PL/SQL
 Advantages of PL/SQL
 PL/SQL block structure
 Anonymous blocks

 PL/SQL Variables and Data Types


 Declaring variables
 Scalar data types, composite data types

 Control Structures
 Conditional statements (IF, CASE)
 Loops (LOOP, WHILE, FOR)

Chapter 10: Advanced PL/SQL

 Cursors
 Implicit and explicit cursors
 Cursor attributes
 FOR UPDATE and WHERE CURRENT OF

 Exceptions
 Predefined exceptions
 User-defined exceptions
 Exception handling

 Stored Procedures and Functions


 Creating and calling procedures
 Creating and calling functions
 Passing parameters

Chapter 11: Triggers and Advanced PL/SQL Features

 Triggers
 Types of triggers (BEFORE, AFTER, INSTEAD OF)
 Row-level vs. statement-level triggers
 Creating and managing triggers

 Packages
 Creating packages
 Package specification and body
 Using package variables and functions

 Chapter 12: Performance Tuning and Optimization

 Query Optimization
 Understanding execution plans
 Using indexes effectively
 Analyzing and optimizing queries

 PL/SQL Performance Tuning


 Bulk collect and FORALL
 Optimizing loops and cursors
 Using the DBMS_PROFILER package

Chapter 13: Backup and Recovery

 Backup Strategies
 Logical backups (Data Pump, Export/Import)
 Physical backups (RMAN)

 Recovery Strategies
 Recovering from logical failures
 Recovering from physical failures

Chapter 14: Advanced Topics

 Partitioning
 Types of partitioning (Range, List, Hash, Composite)
 Creating partitioned tables
 Managing partitions

 Materialized Views
 Creating and refreshing materialized views
 Using materialized views for performance improvement

 Data Warehousing and Analytics


 Introduction to Oracle Data Warehousing
 Using OLAP and analytic functions
Chapter 15: Case Studies and Real-world Applications

 Case Study 1: Designing a Database for a Retail Application


 Requirements analysis
 Creating schema and tables
 Writing queries and reports

 Case Study 2: Implementing a Banking System


 Transaction management
 Handling concurrency
 Writing complex queries

Chapter 16: Certification and Beyond

 Oracle Certification
 Overview of Oracle SQL certification paths
 Preparation tips and resources
 Taking the exam

 Continuing Education
 Advanced Oracle courses and resources
 Staying updated with Oracle technologies
 Joining Oracle communities and forums

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