Time and Tense

Present Indefinite Tense iii. Ram and Shyam are (a)/ fit and fine because (b)/ they

Definition: - It indicates to an action which is done at are doing (c)/ exercise regularly. (d)/ No error (e)
present time. It is neither going on nor completed. 2. In given situations Present Indefinite Tense is used: -
यह Action की वह State है जिसमें वर्तमान समय मे Action होर्ा है परंर्ु न र्ो i. Mathematical Facts ii. Scientific Facts
यह चल रहा है और न ही ख़त्म है।
iii. Universal Truth iv. General Facts
e.g. प्रधानमंत्री लाल जकले पर झण्डा फहरार्े हैं।
v. Habitual Actions vi. Daily Routine
The Prime Minister hoists the flag at the Red Fort.
vii. Proverbs
Structures e.g.
Affirmative – V1/V5 i. Two and two makes four. (MF)
Negative – do/does + not + V1 ii. Gravitational force pulls everything down. (SF)
Interrogative – (WH) + do/does + sub + V1………(?) iii. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (UT)
iv. This road leads to the Metro Station. (GF)
V5/Does – With Singular Subject v. She writes with her left hand. (HA)
V1/Do – With Plural Subject, I & You vi. He gets up at 6am and goes to bed at 10pm. (DR)
e.g. vii. Beauty needs no ornaments. (Proverb)
My brother runs very fast.
Raju does not speak the truth. Practice
Does he learn English? i. The teacher taught us (a)/ today that two and two (b)/
Why do you quarrel with your neighbour? made four. (c)/ No Error (d)

Examination Based Concepts

1. Key Words: Always, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, ii. If you switch on the button, the fan will start playing.
barely, scarcely, daily, regularly, frequently, often,
sometimes, every + time, each + time, once a week, twice a (a) start playing (b) No Improvement
week, thrice a week, etc. (c) would start playing (d) starts playing
e.g. She often advises me to work hard to crack the exam.
Practice iii. She with her both hands because she is
i. Reena with her parents_____ Vaishno Devi once a year. ambidextrous.
a. visit b. visits (a) is writing (b) writes
c. has visited d. are going to visit (c) has written (d) wrote
ii. Ramit seldom does not go to watch a movie to the
cinema hall.
3. Probable Condition
a. seldom go to watch
If you learn English, you will get a government job soon.
b. seldom do not go to watch
or
c. seldom goes to watch
You will get a government job soon if you learn English.
d. No Improvement/No correction required
Time and Tense
I go to watch a movie tomorrow. ( )
Time Line
Practice

i. This metro _____ at Huda City Centre.

a. will terminate b. terminates

Now First Second
c. will terminated d. has terminating
Condition Result
ii. The match between India and Pakistan will start at
Pre. Ind. Tense Future Ind.
Tense 5pm tomorrow.
e.g.

If she tells me the truth, I will forgive her. a. No Improvement b. started

I will forgive her if she tells me the truth. c. start d. starts

Practice
iii. The Prime Minister (a)/ will visit (b)/ the flood
i. If it ______ , you will get wet.
stricken area next Monday. (c)/ No error (d)
a. will rain b. rain
c. rains d. rained Present Continuous Tense

Definition: It indicates to an action which is going on at Present

ii. You will miss the bus if you will not hurry. No error
Time.
a b c d

iii. I will wear a jacket if it will be cold. यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमें वर्तमान समय में Action चल रहा होर्ा है।

a. is b. was c. were d. No improvement e.g.

4. Fixed Future programmers Present Indefinite Tense The children are playing football in the playground at the moment.
(a) My birthday will come off next month. ( )
(b) My birthday comes off next month. ( )
Present Time

Time-X

Now
Progressive

Now Prog
ressi
e.g. I will go to watch a movie tomorrow. ( )
ve
Time and Tense
Structures the moment.

Affirmative:- is/am/are + V4 (a) No Improvement (b) is feeling

Negative:- is/am/are + not + V4 (c) will feel (d) felt

Interrogative (WH) + is/am/are + sub + V4……(?) 5. For Fixed Future Programme:- Present Tense
Is - With Singular Subject

Am - With I

Present Time
Are - With Plural Subjet

Examination Based Concepts

1. Key Words- Now, now a days, these days, still, day by

day, at this time, at this moment, at the time, at the
moment, at present, etc.

e.g. Sohan is living in Delhi these days. Now

Practice Practice
i. Neeru, my friend _____ in a school in Delhi now a days. i. He has built his body very strong because he ____
(a) are teaching (b) has taught in the body building competition.
(c) is teaching (d) will teach (a) will participate (b) is going to participate
ii. At the moment a postman (a)/ has been standing (b)/ at the gate

of the house. (c)/ No error (d)

ii. I and my wife ____ a car next year.
iii. Why is Sumit still rides a horse?
(a) will purchase (b) are going to purchase
(a) has Sumit been still riding (b) No improvement

(c) is Sumit still riding (d) has Sumit still ridden Action:- V4 (With Efforts)
6. Verbs of Senses
4. Difference between PCT & PPCT: State:- V1/V5 (Without Efforts)

Note:- PPCT shows the completion of some time while PCT Practice
doesn’t. i. She is looking beautiful. ( )
or
ii. She is looking at a beautiful flower. ( )
PPCT shows the completion of some part of an action
while PCT doesn’t.
iii. Honey is tasting sweet. ( )
iv. She is tasting soup to check salt. ( )
Practice
e.g. i. Rohan is playing football since morning. No error v. I am having a car. ( )
a b c d vi. She is having a burger. ( )
ii. The patient ____ medicine for the last 10 days. vii. Flowers are smelling sweet. ( )
(a) is taking (b) has taking viii. Ramesh is smelling flowers. ( )
(c) has been taking (d) is taken ix. Sumit is resembling his father in a suit. ( )
iii. The doctor has been feeling the pulse of the patient at x. You are seeming sad today. ( )
Time and Tense
Present Perfect Tense ii. Why did she not submitted the assignments to the

Definition: - It indicates to an action which occurred teacher as yet?

in the past time but shows its effect at the time of a. No improvement b. has she not submitted
speaking.
c. did not submit d. had not submitted
यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमें Past Time में घजिर् हुए Action
का प्रभाव/असर वर्तमान समय में नज़र आर्ा है।
iii. One of my friends is in the hospital since last Monday.
a b c
With Effect No error
d

iv. Ramita not her cousins (a)/ has a beautiful car (b)/ for 2

Present years. (c)/ No error (d)

Past

2. Difference between
Structures
Present Perfect & Past Indefinite Tense
Affirmative- Has/Have + V3
Period & Point of time Perfect Tense
Negative- Has/Have + not + V3
Exact/Particular Time Indefinite Tense
Interrogative- (WH) + Has/Have + sub + V3…… (?)
e.g.
Has - With Singular Subject
a. Science has given us many new inventions since
Have – With Plural Subject, I & You
19th century. ( )
Concepts Based on Competitive Exams

1. Key Words: - Recently, presently, lately, already, b. Science has given us many new inventions in the
19th century. ( )
so far, as yet, yet, till now, by now, ever, just now,
Practice
just, since + time, for + time, etc.
i. I love dancing and singing since childhood.
e.g.
a. am loving b. No Improvement
a. I have already paid my room rent.
b. will love d. have loved
b. She hasn’t talked to me so far.
c. He has been in Dubai since 2015. ii. Ram has got his salary on Monday. No error
a b c d
d. We have been in Delhi for 5 years.
iii. My younger sister is ill for a week. No error
Practice a b c d
i. No one _____ about Amar for more than 5 years.
iv. I have seen the Prime Minister in Delhi in January.
a. heard b. is hearing a. No improvement b. had seen
c. has heard d. will hear c. saw d. am seeing
Time and Tense
(Past Indefinite or Present Perfect) 4. With a clause Perfect Tense

1. He ….. (be) a teacher since 2015. This is the first time + Present Perfect

2. I don’t know him because I ….. (never meet) him. This was the first time + Past Perfect

3. I ….. (come) to this town in 2010. Note: Can be added: First, second, third, last, etc.

4. Two convicts ….. (escape) from prison last night. Practice

5. He ….. already (entertain) the guests for two hours. e.g. i. This is the first time I drove a car alone.

6. He ….. (get) a new car now. (a) had driven (b) will drive

7. He ….. (buy) it on Sunday. (c) have driven (d) No improvement

8. I ..... (already see) this film.

9. I ….. (see) several filmstars in Mumbai in 2020.

Spot the error
ii. This was the first time I have visited Goa. No error
10. Your officer will be angry with you because you ….. (not
a b c d
work) properly.

11. Now he ….. (write) a book on Mahatama Gandhi. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

12. He ….. (tour) India for a month last year. Definition: - It indicates to an action which started in the

13. Here is your note-book. I ….. (correct) it. past and is still going on.

14. He ….. (leave) his house some days ago. यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमें Action Past Time में शुरू हुआ और
अभी भी (बोलर्े समय/वर्तमान में) चल रहा है।
15. He ….. (not come) back yet.
e.g. I have been living in Dehradoon since 2015.

3. For Progressive Perfect/Per. Cont.

Non-Progressive Indefinite Tense

Present

Explanation
Time Completion
e.g.

i. My father taught in this school for two years. Starting Now

Point Progressive
ii. My father has taught in this school for two years.
Structures
iii. My father has been teaching in this school for two
Affirmative Has/Have + been + V4
years.

(Spot the error)

Negative Has/Have + not + been + V4
i. India is independent (a)/ for more than 70 years (b)/ still
Interrogative WH Family + Has/Have + sub + been +
we are economically backward. (c)/ No error (d)
V4 … (?)

ii. Ram along with Sita (a)/ and Laxman had gone (b)/ on
Use of Since and For
exile for 14 years. (c)/ No error (d)
i. Since Point of time ( )
Time and Tense
Definite Time e.g.

Uncountable time (s/es – x) Seema has been working here_____.

January, Sunday, am, pm, o’clock, childhood, 2015, a. for last year
evening, morning, Diwali, Eid, death, birth, etc.
b. since the last year
e.g.
c. for the last year
Ram has been living in Shimla ____ 2019.
d. since last year
a. since b. for

ii. For Period of time ( )

Concepts Based on Competitive Exams
Indefinite Time
1. Key Words:-
Countable Time (s/es – ✓)
Since+time
Second, Minute, Hour, Day, Week, Month, Year, Decade,
Century, etc. For+time
Pre. Per. Count.
e.g. Since when
My mother has been knitting a sweater for me ____ an How long
hour. For how long

a. since b. for For a long time

Decide whether to use since or for For long Past Per. Count.
1. I have been waiting ____ 4 o'clock. *The whole night, day,

2. Suraj has only been waiting ____ 20 minutes. week, month, year, etc.

3. Tinu and Tina have been learning English ____ six Practice
years. e.g. i. For how long _______ as a manager in this bank?
4. Farida and Farhan have been learning French ___ 2020. (a) are you working
5. Jai and Julee have been going out together _____ (b) were you working
Valentine's Day. (c) had you be working
6. I haven't been on holiday ___ last July. (d) have you been working

7. Mannu has been saving her money ___ many years. (e) have you working

8. I haven't eaten anything ___ breakfast.

9. You have been watching TV ___ hours.

ii. The dogs were barking the whole night due to this
10. We have been living here ____ 2 months. a b c
I couldn’t sleep at all. No error
d e
ii. One more concept to understand Since &
3. Since as a Conjunction:
For:
i. Amit has been working here for 5 months.
For + the + last + period of time

Since + last + period of time

Time and Tense
ii. Amit has been working here since January. 2. _____ you ever _____ (eat) frog’s legs?

iii. Amit has been working here since Ramit left this job. 3. _____ you ever _____ (visit) London?

4. Andy ______ (pass) his exams and he is very happy.

Amit has been working here since Ramit left this job.
PC Conj. SC 5. David _____ (know) how to play chess, but I don't.

6. Every year Paul ______ (spend) his holidays in Italy.

OR
7. How long _____ she _____ (have) that car for?
Since Ramit left this job, Amit has been working here.
Conj. SC PC 8. How often ____ you _____ (go) to the gym?

9. I _____ (think) you can speak English very well.

Present Per.
10. I _____ (not hear) this song for ages.
+ Since + Past Ind. Tense
11. I _____ (be) to Canada twice.
Present Per Cont.
12. I _____ (not speak) to John since July.

13. I can't talk now. I _____ (study) for my exams.

i. I have been in Delhi since 2005.
Prepo Noun 14. I often _____ (walk) to school with my friends.

ii. I have been in Delhi since I got birth. 15. I usually _____ (go) dancing on Saturdays.
PC Conj. SC
16. I'm really fed up! You _____ (always copy) my homework!

Spot the error 17. It _____ (be) a long time since we last saw you.

i. We are living in Mumbai since birth. 18. Jack _____ (not make) his bed yet.

19. Linda _____ (just sell) her postcard collection.

ii. He did not complete any big project since he got
20. My boyfriend ______ (always arrive) late and I can't stand it!
promotion.
21. My daughter ______ (not clean) her bedroom yet.
iii. Since Ram has got a government job, he has been
22. My father _____ (just go) to the supermarket.
arrogant.
23. My friends usually ______ (download) music from the
iv. Suman is learning English sincerely since her brother internet.

threatened her to get her married. 24. My mother _____ never _____ (try) Chinese food.

25. My sister ______ (always use) my clothes without my

v. Ram is upset since his mother scolded him.
permission.
vi. Since Rohan joined this company till then the 26. New films _____ (come out) every Friday.

27. Nowadays children ______ (spend) too much time watching

TV.
company has been progressing a lot.
28. Rose ____ (not cook) very well.
Present Tense Miscellaneous Practice 29. Someone ______ (take) my pen because I can't find it.
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in30. Sonia is in her bedroom. I think she _____ (do) her
brackets. homework.
1. ____ Peter _____ (know) how to fix the tap? 31. Stop talking! I _____ (watch) my favourite
programme right now.
Time and Tense
32. The bus _____ (leave) at five past every hour except 22. has just gone
on Sundays.
23. download
33. The film ____ (start) at 9.30 pm.
24. has never tried
34. They ____ (live) in this flat since 2005.
25. always uses
35. They _____ (not play) football at the moment.
26. come out
36. This guitar _____ (belong) to my grandfather.
27. are Spending
37. We ______ (not be) to the new shopping centre yet.
28. does not cook
38. We _____ (just see) a terrific film.
29. has taken
39. Where are you? We _____ (wait) for you for 15
minutes. 30. is doing

40. You _____ (need) to revise for your exams! 31. am watching

ANSWER 32. leaves

1. does Peter know 33. Starts

2. have you ever eaten 34. have been living

3. have you ever visited 35. One not playing

4. has passed 36. Belongs to

5. knows 37. have not been

6. spends 38. have just seen

7. has she been having 39. have been waiting

8. do you go 40. need

9. think

10. have not heard

11. have been to

12. have not been speaking

13. am studying

14. walk

15. go

16. always copy

17. has been

18. has not made

19. has just sold

20. always arrives

21. has not cleaned

Time and Tense
Past Indefinite Tense 2. To Describe Past Events/Accidents/
Incidents/Experiences
Definition: - It indicates to an action done at the past
I went to Mumbai when I was ten years old. Those days
(particular, exact, specific) time. Mumbai had no huge traffic. I saw several actors and their
shootings.
यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमें Action, Past में जकसी जनजिर् समय
Practice
(Point . ) पर घजिर् हुआ हो।
e.g. Mahatma Gandhi got birth in 1869. i. The workers (demand) the dismissal of the manager.
The factory owners (not pay) any attention to the
demand. So they (decide) to go on strike.

ii. It …. (rain) heavily for a week and a dam …. (break).

The villages for miles around ………. (be) under water.

5Y 5M 5W 5M Now
3. Parallelism
Time Line
Structure e.g. The patient had died before the doctor came.
PC Conj. SC
Affirmative V2 Past Per. Past Ind.

Negative did + not + V1 When I reached the station, it was raining cats and dogs.
Interrogative (WH) + Did + Sub + V1 ..... (?) Conj. SC PC
Past Ind. Past Cont.

Concepts Based on Competitive Exams 4. When ‘Since’ is used as a Conjunction:

1. Key Words- Yesterday, last, ago, past, back, in + time, on
+ time, at + time, Adverb of past time, exact/specific time, e.g. i. I have been in Delhi since Sunday.
often, seldom, usually, normally, generally, sometimes, Prepo Noun
daily, always, would, before, since, etc.
ii. I have been in Delhi since I attended a marriage.
e.g. i. My father has come from Mumbai yesterday. NE PC Conj. SC (Past Ind.)
a b c d
Practice
ii. India has got freedom in 1947. No Error i. My mobile has been (a)/ working properly since
a b c d
(b)/Amar has repaired it. (c)/ No Error (d)

iii. I had taken food 10 minutes ago. No Error

a b c d ii. She has been in Mumbai since she had got married.
(a) got married (b) has got married

iv. My brother had deposited his college fee the day before (c) would get married (d) will get married
yesterday.
(a) has deposited
(b) deposited Past Continuous Tense
(c) will have deposited Definition: - It indicates to an action which was
(d) No correction required progressive/continuing in the past time.

यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमे Past Time में Action चल रहा था।

Time and Tense
Structures
(No time completion)
Affirmative had + V3

Now Negative had + not + V3

Progressive
Interrogative (WH) + had + sub + V3….(?)
Structures
Affirmative Was/Were + V4
Examination Based Concepts
Negative Was/Were + not + V4
Spot the error
Interrogative (WH) + Was/Were + Sub + V4 ..... (?)

i. The audience had taken their seats before the film had
Concepts Based on Competitive Exams a b c
started. No error
2. Key Words Those days, at that time, at that moment, d
day by day, etc.
ii. The audience had taken their seats after the film had
e.g. a b c
started. No error.
i. One of my friends was working in the HDFC Bank those days.
d
Practice Sentence Improvement
i. Those days I had run my new business in Indore. NE iii. The gardener complained against my son that he
a b c d e
will ruin his garden.
ii. My mother knitted a sweater for me at that moment. NE (a) has ruined (b) had ruined
a b c d
(c) ruined (d) No Improvement
Past Perfect Tense
Definition: - It indicates to an action which had completed Blanks
in the past time before another action took place. iv. The painter ______ my room before Diwali.

यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमे Past में एक कायत जकसी दूसरे कायत के होने से (a) had painted (b) will painted
पहले घजिर् हो चुका था।
(c) is painting (d) painted
e.g.

i. The train had reached Delhi before it got dark.

v. The painter ______ my room after Diwali.
ii. My brother had climbed up the tree before his friends.
(a) had painted (b) will painted

(c) is painting (d) painted

Past of Past Past Now vi. She failed because she ______ at all.
Past Perfect Past Indefinite
(a) didn’t practise (b) hadn’t practised
[Had + V3] [V2]
(c) won’t practise (d) hasn’t practiced
Time and Tense
1. Key Words Till Then, By then, Already, Before, Structures
Till/By + Time, etc. Affirmative:- had + been + V4
e.g. Negative:- had + not + been + V4
i. I with my mother reached home till then. No error Interrogative:- (WH) + had + sub + been +V4 …. (?)
a b c d

Concepts Based on Competitive Exams

ii. She with me already submitted her assignments to the
a b
Spot the error
Principal. No error e.g. James was teaching at the university for more than a
c d a b c
year before leaving for Canada. No error
2. Impossible and Improbable Condition d e
It is high time + Past Indefinite Tense

It was high time + Past Perfect Tense 1. Key Words:

Since + time
Pre. Per. Tense
Spot the error For + time
Pre. Per. Conti.
i. It is high time we should start our new business. How long
a b c For how long
No error
d For a long time

Sentence Improvement For long

ii. It was good time she hard to secure good marks. Since when

(a) had worked (b) should have worked The whole day, night,

week, month, year, Past Per. Tense

(c) should work (d) No Improvement
etc. Past Per. Conti.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Definition: - It indicates to an action which had been going Blank
on for some time before it was finished or another action e.g. i. For how long ____German language before going to
took place. Germany?
यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमें कायत Past Time में कु छ समय से चल रहा a. were you learning
था, परन्र्ु याद रहे Progessive Action के खत्म होने से पहले या Another b. have you been learning
Action के घजिर् होने र्क ही कायत चल रहा था। c. had you been learning
e.g. She had been studying in Australia for 3 years before coming to India. d. will you have been learning
e. None of the above

Sentence Improvement
(Time – (✓)

e.g. ii. I was studying English with my brother the whole night
Progressive Now
before the sun rose.
Time and Tense
a. had been studying 17. Mona realized that she _____ (lose) her watch.

b. have been studying 18. I _____ (not watch) the film when you phoned me.

c. will have been studying 19. After he _____, (leave) I began cooking.

d. No Improvement 20. I ______ (forget) my keys at school yesterday.

21. My clothes were dirty because I _____ (work) all day.

2. Parallelism 22. _____ you _____ (read) the book by the time Leo
Principal Clause + Conjunction + Subordinate Clause came?

23. Tim _____ (play) in the garden when it began to rain.

Past Per. Cont. Past Ind. Tense
24. Where _____ (spend) you _____ (spend) your holidays
last year?
e.g. The naughty students had been plucking
25. He ______ (repair) the engine all day.
PC
the mangoes for 15 minutes when 26. Nick ____ (fail) his exam. He was very sad.
Conj
the gardener arrived. 27. Andrew _____ (go) to the club when I saw him.
SC
28. The day was nice. I _____ (ski) for three hours.

Past Tense Miscellaneous Practice 29. Who _____ (meet) you at the railway station
yesterday?
Fill in the correct verb:
30. We _____ (write) a test at 10 O'clock yesterday.
1. We _____ (purchase) a new car yesterday.
Answer Keys
2. Ann _____ (speak) to her brother when I arrived.
1. Purchased
3. Helen was tired because she ______ (work) since
morning. 2. was speaking

4. I ______ (do) my homework before my mum came. 3. had been working

5. Tom _____ (leave) home ten minutes ago. 4. had done

6. Kate ______ (live) there for 5 years before she left. 5. left

7. Pam _____ (tidy) the room when the telephone rang. 6. had been loving

8. Philip _____ (repair) my car by two o'clock yesterday. 7. was tiding

9. I ____ (play) computer games until 3 o'clock. 8. had repaired

10. Ann _____ (not help) me with my homework 9. had played

yesterday.
10. did not help
11. Liz ____ (not cook) lunch before her brother came.
11. had not cooked
12. He was tired. He _____ (drive) his car for 7 hours.
12. had been driving
13. What ____ (do) you (do) at 3 o'clock yesterday?
13. were you doing
14. I _____ (finish) my letter before the film started.
14. had finished
15. Alec ____ (win) the championship last year.
15. won
16. She ____ (make) bracelets since she was seven.
Time and Tense
Concepts Based on Competitive Exams
16. had been making

17. lost
1. Key Words Next, tomorrow, soon, in a short while,
18. was not watching in a short time, probably, shortly, in a few minutes,
within a week, God willing, etc.
19. had left
Spot the error
20. forgot

21. had been working I will have left for office in a short while. No error
a b c d
22. had you read

23. was playing Sentence Improvement

24. did you spend ii. God willing she got a government job.

25. hall been repairing (a) is getting (b) will get

26. failed (c) has got (d) No correction required

27. was going

2. Conditional Sentence
28. had been skiing
Probable Condition
29. met

30. wrote

Future Indefinite Tense

Definition: - It indicates to an action which will be Now Condition Result
done in future time. (It is expected.)
(SC) (PC)
यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमें कायत Future Time में (FIT)
(PIT)
संभाजवर् र्ौर पर घजिर् होगा। e.g.
i. If she shouts, mummy will scold her.
e.g. I will pay my room rent on Monday.
ii. If I am a doctor, I will treat the poor patients without
Time Line fee.

iii. When I have a car, I will take you for a long drive.

Spot the error

Now 5M 5H 5D 5W 5M i. If she threatens me (a)/ I would complain against her (b)/ to the
Principal. (c)/ No Error (d)
Structures
Fill in the blank
Affirmative:- Shall/Will + V1
ii. Supposing he cheats you, what _____ ?
Negative:- Shall/Will + not + V1
(a) do you do (b) would you do
Interrogative:- (WH) + Shall/Will + Sub + V1 ..... (?)
(c) should you do (d) will you do
Time and Tense
Fill in the blank
Practice
iii. If you _____ hard, you will be well prepared for the test.
Spot the error
(a) do not study (b) will study
i. Reena will have travelling by flight at this time
(c) study (d) studies a b c
tomorrow. No error
d
Sentence Improvement
iv. If I don’t finish this project, the teacher get angry. Sentence Improvement
a. No improvement b. will get angry ii. I will watch the cricket match at the moment this

c. won’t get angry d. gets angry Sunday.

a. will have watched b. will be watching

Future Continuous Tense c. have watched d. No Improvement
Definition: - It indicates to an action which will be going on
2. Parallelism
in future time.
यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमें Future Time में Action चल रहा होगा।
PC SC
e.g. He will be travelling by air at moment tomorrow. Future Continuous Present Indefinite
e.g. i. She will be preparing dinner when I reach home.
Future

ii. I will be sleeping when he knocks at the door.

Practice

Fill in the blank

Now Progressive
i. When he ______ the cinema hall, the film will be going

Structures on.

Affirmative Shall/Will + be + V4 a. will arrive at b. arrives at

Negative Shall/Will + not + be + V4 c. will have arrived at d. has arrived at

Interrogative (WH) + Shall/Will + Sub + be + V4….. (?) Spot the error

ii. My brother will be sleeping in his room when you will
Examination Based Concepts a b c

make him a call. No error

1. Key Words
d
Next, tomorrow, soon, etc. + At this time, at this moment,

at the time, at the moment, etc.

(Time) (State)

(Future) (Continuous)
Time and Tense
Future Perfect Tense (c) will have completed
Definition: - It indicates to an action which is (d) No correction required
expected to have been completed in future time
before another action takes place. 2. Some other key words:

यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमें यह उम्मीद की िार्ी है जक एक

कायत जकसी दूसरे कायत के होने से पहले घजिर् हो चुका होगा। For + time

e.g. We shall have reached Delhi before it gets dark. How long
Future Perfect
Future
For how long
*The whole day,
week, month, etc. Future Perfect
Continuous
Now Previous Subsequent *Throughout the
Action
Action day, week, etc.
Practice
Structures Spot the error
Affirmative:- Shall/Will + have + V3
i. Ramdeen, a poor farmer (a)/ will plough the field (b)/
Negative:- Shall/Will + not + have + V3
throughout the day. (c)/ No error (d)
Interrogative:- (WH) + Shall/Will + have + sub + V3….. (?)
ii. She will have worked (a)/ very hard the whole month

(b)/ to get her hard-earned money. (c)/ No Error (d)

Examination Based Concepts
3. Parallelism
1. Key Words
PC SC

Next, tomorrow, soon, etc. Till+time, by+time, already, etc. Future Perfect Present Indefinite
+

e.g. All the employees will have completed

PC
Time State
(Future) (Perfect) the pending task before the boss arrives.
Conj. SC
e.g.
Sentence Improvement
She will have submitted her assignments by next Monday.
i. I will have reached home before it will have got dark.
Sentence Improvement
(a) will get (b) is getting dark
By this time tomorrow, Ramit may be completing his work.
(c) gets (d) No Improvement
(a) will complete

(b) will have been completing

Time and Tense
Spot the error
Fill in the blanks
ii. All the students will have (a)/ submitted their
i. Ramit _____in Mumbai for 3 years by December.
assignments before (b)/ the Principal will come. (c)/
No error (d) a. will have been living
b. will be living

Future Perfect Continuous Tense Spot the error

Definition: - It indicates to an action that will continue up ii. We will be running (a)/ this business for (b)/ 10 years by

until a particular event or time in the future. 2025. (c)/ No error (d)

यह Action की वह अवस्था है जिसमे भजवष्य मे कोई Action कु छ समय से चल Fill in the blanks
रहा होगा। iii. Ramit _____ this business in Kolkata from 2022.
e.g. Rohit will have been running his business for 5 years by a. will have been running
next month. b. will be running

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Miscellaneous Practice
Time - ✓

Now
( ) 1. Stop that, or I _______ (tell) your parents.

2. I am going to the supermarket this afternoon. -Oh,

Progressive that's great. _____ (you/ get) me some fruit?

3. Lorna isn't playing very well. She _____ (lose) the

e.g. match.
i. John will have been reading a novel for an hour when his
4. We will go out as soon as we _____ (finish) this.
mother arrives home.
5. If you want to go to the concert, it ____ (start) at 8 pm.
Don't be late.
ii. By 2024, I will have been teaching English for 3 years.
6. People ____ (spend) holidays in space in the 22nd
century.
iii. She will have been washing the clothes from tomorrow 7. I hope my dad _____ (win) the lottery next week.
morning.
8. I'm sure it _____ (rain) in spring.
1. Key Words
9. Paul _____ (have) a Math exam on Monday.
For long
10. I need some help to move this sofa. No, problem. I
For how long Future Perfect _____ (help) you. I'm much stronger than you.
For + time
11. I _____ (pay) all my debts in a week's time.
The whole day,
Future Perfect continuous 12. In 150 years, men _____ (likely/be) bald.
Week, month,
etc. 13. Sarah _____ (sleep) by the time her dad arrives home
from the office.
e.g. We shall have been running this business for 10 Years
14. Ted looks very tired. Yes, he ____ (fall) asleep soon.
by 2025.
Time and Tense
15. Today is the 18th of May. Ann and Andy _____ (get)
married on the 14th of June. On the 28th of June, they (be) 7. will win
married for two weeks. 8. will be raining
16. Where _____ (work) in ten years time? 9. will have
17. It's freezing outside. You ____ (get) a cold if you go 10. will help you
out.
11. shall pay
18. By 2020 he _____ (work) for that company for 30
years. 12. will likely be

19. What _____ (you/ do) when you leave university? 13. will have slept

20. This is the third glass of beer she has drunk. She 14. will fall
should stop drinking. She ____ (get) drunk.
15. get / will have been
21. Do that again and I ____ (fire) you!
16. ______
22. Give me all your money or I ____ (shoot) you.
17. shall get
23. The water is already very hot. It ____ (boil) in a
18. will have worked
minute.
19. will you do
24. I ____ (get) down to work after I have written this
e-mail. 20. will get
25. Look at that woman. She ____ (faint). 21. will fire
26. The baby ____ (sleep) when you call Mrs. Stevenson. 22. will shoot
27. Look at that broken tile on the wall. It ____ (fall) 23. will boil
down soon.
24. will get
28. I think I ____ (take) the dog for a walk now.
25. will faint
29. I haven't had time to buy Fred a present for his
birthday. Never mind. I _____ (buy) him one when I go 26. will be seeping
downtown.
27. will fall
30. What time, _____ (your English class / start)? It ___
28. will have taken
(start) at 4 and finishes (finish) at 5:15.
29. will buy
31. This time next week I _____ (lie) on the beach in
Australia. 30. will your English class start/ starts / finishes
32. He _____ (spend) all his money by the end of the 31. will be lying
week.
32. will have spent
Answer Keys
1. will tell

2. will you get

3. will lose

4. finish

5. starts

6. will spend
Time and Tense
Miscellaneous Tense Practice Exercise 19. When Sarah goes on vacation next month, she
______(study) German for over two years. She should be
1. I ____ (to want) to visit you yesterday, but you _____ able to communicate fairly well while she is in Austria.
(be, not) at home.
20. _____ (you/ever/see) a whale?
2. Look! Sara _____ (go) to the movies.
21. I have not travelled much yet; however, I _____ (visit)
3. The teacher ____ (probably/assign) a test to his the Grand Canyon and San Francisco by the time I leave
students next Monday. the United States.
4. By 9 O'clock, we _____ (finish) our homework. 22. I _____ (finish) it by the end of this month.
5. I ____ (drive) for two months now. 23. By the time you finish studying the verb tense tutorial,
you _____ (master) all twelve tenses including their
6. It is already 9:30 PM and I ____ (wait) here for over an
passive forms.
hour. If John does not _____ (get) here in the next five
minutes, I am going to leave. 24. I _____ (just/finish) my homework.
7. I _____ (be) really angry at John yesterday. By the time 25. Drive faster! If you don't hurry up, she _____ (have)
he finally arrived, I ____ (wait) for over an hour. I almost the baby by the time we get to the hospital.
left without him.
26. Since 2011 they _____ (to visit) their son every year.
8. Did you _____ (hear) that Ben was fired last month?
He _____ (work) for that import company for more than 27. I came to England six months ago. I started my
ten years and he ____ (work) in almost every department. economics course three months ago. When I return to
Nobody knew the company like he did. Australia, I _____ (study) for nine months and I _____
(be) in England for exactly one year.
9. Wait a minute, I ____ (to carry) this box for you.
28. At 8 O'clock, Andy _____ (watch) a video when I
10. I ____ (see) many pictures of the pyramids before I arrive tonight.
went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very
misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small. 29. Margie just called and said she would be here at 8
O'clock. By the time she gets here, we _____ (wait) for her
11. Sarah _____ (climb) the Matterhorn, _____ (sail) for two hours.
around the world, and ____ (go) on safari in Kenya. She
is such an adventurous person. 30. We _____ (to watch) TV when it started to rain.

12. Look! It _____ (to rain) so we can't go to the beach. 31. Frank just changed jobs again. If he keeps this up, he
_____ (change) jobs at least four or five times by the end
13. Sarah _____ (climb) the Matterhorn, _____ (sail) of the year.
around the world and _____ (go) on safari in Kenya by
the time she turned twenty-five. She _______(experience) 32. Sara usually ____ (put) on black shoes but now she
more by that age than most people do in their entire lives. _____ (wear) white trainers.

14. _____ (they/spend) their holidays in Paris last 33. By the time the doctor _____ (arrive) at the house last
summer? week, the patient _____(die).

15. When Melanie came into the office yesterday, her eyes 34. The researcher _____ (have) been exploring the
_____ (be) red and watery. I think she ______(cry). territory ____ (since/for) last December.

16. By the time we get to Chicago this evening, we 35. Come over to my house around 9 o'clock. By then, I
______(drive) more than four hundred miles. We are _____ (complete) my history essay and we can go see a
going to be exhausted. movie.

17. At 6 O'clock on next Friday they ______ (sing) the 36. After Larry _____ (to see) the film on TV, he decided
new song. to buy the book.

18. When he _____ (wake up) yesterday, his mother ____ 37. In June, my grandmother and grandfather _____ (be)
(already /prepare) breakfast. married for fifty years.
Time and Tense
38. There are a lot of clouds! It _____ (to rain) soon. 27. will have been studying, will have been

39. This time next week he _____ (fly) to South Africa. 28. will be watching

40. On December, 30th 2009, K.H Abdurrahman Wahid, 29. will have been waiting
the 4th president of Indonesia _____ (die) because of
complications from kidney disorders, heart disease and 30. were watching
diabetes. 31. will have changed
Answer Singh 32. puts, is wearing
1. wanted, were not 33. arrived, had died
2. going 34. has, since
3. will probably assign 35. will have completed
4. will have finished 36. had seen
5. have not been driving 37. will have been
6. have been waiting, get 38. is going to rain
7. was, had been waiting 39. will be flying
8. hear, had been working, had worked 40. died
9. will carry

10. had seen

11. sailed, gone

12. raining

13. had climbed, sailed, gone, had experienced

14. Did they spend

15. were, had been crying

16. will have driven

17. will be singing

18. woke, had already prepared

19. will have been studying

20. Have you ever seen

21. will have visited

22. will have finished

23. will have mastered

24. have just finished

25. will have had

26. have visited