Night Sky Connectedness Index
Night Sky Connectedness Index
Instrument Type:
Inventory/Questionnaire
Test Format:
Participants rate their responses on a 10-point Likert scale (0 = Strongly
Disagree, and 10 = Strongly Agree). The score can range from 0 to 120, with a
higher score indicating a greater connection with the night sky.
Source:
Adapted from: Barnes, Christopher, & Passmore, Holli-Anne. (2024).
Development and testing of the Night Sky Connectedness Index (NSCI).
Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol 93, 1-11. doi:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102198. © 2024 by The Author(s).
Reproduced under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Deed
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en).
Permissions:
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educational purposes without seeking written permission. Distribution must be
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enrolled in the educational activity. Any other type of reproduction or
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Brief description:
The NSCI scale has 12 items and 2 subscales ([i] Connection [9 items], and [ii] Protection [3 items]) and
is a measure of a person’s connectedness to the nightsky. Participants rate their responses on a 10-
point Likert scale and can score between 0-120; 0-90 for Subscale-1, and 0-30 for Subscale-2, (0 =
Strongly Disagree, and 10 = Strongly Agree), where a higher score indicates a greater connection with
the night sky. Each item score is summed and there are no reverse-scored items. The readability
statistics for the measure include a Flesch Reading Ease of 84%, and a Flesch-Kincaid Grade level of
3.6. The scale takes an average of 3-4 minutes to complete, and no cut-off scores have been
established. The items and measure were informed by Nature Connectedness theory (Lumber,
Richardson and Sheffield, 2017), and similar types of measures; the Nature Connectedness Index (NCI,
Richardson, et al., 2019) and the Noctcaelador Inventory (NI, Kelly, 2004). In line with these guidelines,
our measure has been worded to mirror the pathways to nature connection and people’s relationship
to the natural world at night.
It is free for anyone to use and does not require permission or specialist training. In the original scale
development study, we used the following instructions for participants and presented the 12 items
randomly without using the subscale titles.
Instructions to participants:
The following questions are about you and your relationship/connection to the night sky. It does not
matter how often or where you view it.
Please tell us how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statements.
1
The Night Sky Connectedness Index (NSCI)
Item
Subscale-1 - Connection
7 Being under the night sky makes me feel calm and relaxed.
Subscale-2 – Protection