Git and Github tutorial-

Git – It’s a version control system which is used to track the back history of the code and collaborate
with other developers adding code within git.

Its free and open-source platform.

Github – Git is a tool or software that runs on our computer system but this Github is a website that
allows various developers to store and manage code using git.

In Github the repository is folders where we as developers store and manage our codes.

(github.com).

Repositories – These are the folders where we upload our whole project files.

These repos could be either public or private depending upon visibility of files or other content.

Initial and final commit.

➔ Git – VS Code – Windows Git Bash – Mac (Terminal) with git –version.

~ -> It shows that we’re in the root directory of our system.

➔ We uses various commands to make changes in github website using git.

Open vscode and make gitdemo folder to use git repository.

➔ Git Commands –
1) Clone – Cloning a repository on our local machine – Making duplicate clone copy of github
repo on our laptop.

Git clone <- some link ->

2) Status – display the status of the code

Git status

➔ There are two type of ststems –

Global – github

Local – laptop/pc

➔ Basic command -> cd -> change directory.

➔ 4 types of Git Commands

Untracked

Modified

Staged

Unmodified
➔ Git Push Commands – It uploads the local repo content to remote repo and git pushes it to
origin main.
➔ Git add and commit commands.
➔ Basic git commands – git add . , git status , git commit -m "Add the initial files"
➔ Git init commands->
Git init
Git remote add origin <link>
Git remote -v (to verify remote)
Git branch (to check branch)
Git branch -M main (to rename branch)
Git push origin main
➔ Git branch commands
Git branch
Git branch -M main
Git checkout <branch-name> (to navigate branches)
Git checkout -b <new-branch-name> (to create new branch)
git branch -d branch-name→ (to delete the branch)
➔ PR – Pull Request – It lets you tell others about changes you’ve pushed in a repo on GitHub.
➔ Fork - It’s a new repo that shares code and visibility settings with the original “upstream”.
➔ Fork is a rough copy.
GIT CHEAT SHEET

Git is the free and open source distributed version control system that's responsible for everything GitHub
related that happens locally on your computer. This cheat sheet features the most important and commonly
used Git commands for easy reference.

INSTALLATION & GUIS STAGE & SNAPSHOT

With platform specific installers for Git, GitHub also provides the Working with snapshots and the Git staging area
ease of staying up-to-date with the latest releases of the command
line tool while providing a graphical user interface for day-to-day git status
interaction, review, and repository synchronization.
show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit
GitHub for Windows
git add [file]
https://windows.github.com
add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage)
GitHub for Mac
https://mac.github.com git reset [file]

unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory

For Linux and Solaris platforms, the latest release is available on
the official Git web site. git diff

Git for All Platforms diff of what is changed but not staged
http://git-scm.com
git diff --staged

diff of what is staged but not yet committed

SETUP git commit -m “[descriptive message]”

Configuring user information used across all local repositories commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot

git config --global user.name “[firstname lastname]”

set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history
git config --global user.email “[valid-email]”
BRANCH & MERGE
Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes
set an email address that will be associated with each history marker
git branch
git config --global color.ui auto
list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch
set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing
git branch [branch-name]

create a new branch at the current commit

SETUP & INIT git checkout

Configuring user information, initializing and cloning repositories
switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory
git init git merge [branch]

initialize an existing directory as a Git repository merge the specified branch’s history into the current one
git clone [url] git log

retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL show all commits in the current branch’s history
INSPECT & COMPARE SHARE & UPDATE
Examining logs, diffs and object information Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos

git log git remote add [alias] [url]

show the commit history for the currently active branch add a git URL as an alias
git log branchB..branchA git fetch [alias]

show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB fetch down all the branches from that Git remote
git log --follow [file] git merge [alias]/[branch]

show the commits that changed file, even across renames merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date
git diff branchB...branchA git push [alias] [branch]

show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch
git show [SHA] git pull

show any object in Git in human-readable format fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch

TRACKING PATH CHANGES REWRITE HISTORY

Versioning file removes and path changes Rewriting branches, updating commits and clearing history

git rm [file] git rebase [branch]

delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one

git mv [existing-path] [new-path] git reset --hard [commit]

change an existing file path and stage the move clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit

git log --stat -M

show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved TEMPORARY COMMITS
Temporarily store modified, tracked files in order to change branches

IGNORING PATTERNS git stash

Preventing unintentional staging or commiting of files Save modified and staged changes

logs/ git stash list

*.notes
pattern*/ list stack-order of stashed file changes
git stash pop
Save a file with desired patterns as .gitignore with either direct string
matches or wildcard globs. write working from top of stash stack
git config --global core.excludesfile [file] git stash drop

system wide ignore pattern for all local repositories discard the changes from top of stash stack

Education
Teach and learn better, together. GitHub is free for students and teach- [email protected]
ers. Discounts available for other educational uses. education.github.com