AC_________________

Item No. ____________

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Program: B.Sc.

Course: Physics

Syllabus for Semester: III & IV

(Choice Based and Credit System with effect from the

Academic year 2023-24)
AC___________
Item No. ______
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Syllabus for Approval

Sr.
Heading Particulars
No.
1 Title of the Course B.Sc. in Physics
2 Eligibility for Admission

3 Passing Marks

4 Ordinances / Regulations (if any)

5 No. of Years / Semesters 06 Semesters

6 Level UG

7 Pattern Semester

8 Status Revised
To be implemented from Academic
9 From Academic Year: 2023-2024
Year

Date: Signature:
Name Prof.(Dr.) Shivram S. Garje
Dean, Science and Technology

Dr.Vaishali Bambole
Chairman of BOS of Physics
Syllabus for B.Sc.Physics (Theory & Practical)
As per Choice Based and Credit System
Second Year B.Sc 2023-2024

The revised syllabus in Physics as per Choice Based and Credit System for the Second Year B.Sc
Course will be implemented from the academic year 2023-2024.

Preamble:
The systematic and planned curricula from these courses shall motivate and encourage learners to
understand basic concepts of Physics.

Objectives:
 To develop analytical abilities towards real world problems
 To familiarize with current and recent scientific and technological developments
 To enrich knowledge through problem-solving, hands-on activities, study visits, projectsetc

Course Code Title Credits

Semester III
USPH301 Thermodynamics and 02
Temperature Transducers
USPH302 Electronics 02
USPH303 Mathematical Methods & 02
Applied Physics I
USPHP3 Practical 3 02
Total = 08
Semester IV
USPH401 Optics & Applied Physics II 02
USPH402 Electrodynamics 02
USPH403 Quantum Physics 02
USPHP4 Practical 4 02
Total = 08
Scheme of Examination:
 Each theory paper of each semester will have 25% Internal Assessment (IA) and 75%
External Assessment (EA). All external examinations will be held at the end of each semester
and will be conducted by the University as per existing norms
 There will be no internal assessment for practical. A candidate will be allowed to appear for
the semester end practical examination only if the candidate submits a certified journal at the
time of practical examination of the semester or a certificate from the Head of the
Department/Institute to the effect that the candidate has completed the practical course of that
semester of S.Y.B.Sc Physics as per the minimum requirement. There will be three
experiments (one from each group) through which the candidate will be examined in practical.
The questions on slips for the same should be framed in such a way that candidate will be able
to complete the task and should be evaluated for its skill and understanding of physics.
Semester III
Name of the Duration Semester Subject
Programme
B.Sc.in Physics Six semesters III Physics
Course Code Title Credits
USPH301 Thermodynamics and 2
Temperature
Transducers

USPH301 Thermodynamics and Temperature Transducers

Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
i) Comprehend the basic concepts of thermodynamics & its applications in physical situation.
ii) Learn about situations in low temperature.
iii) Demonstrate tentative problem solving skills in all above areas.
UNIT I (15 Lectures)
Reversible and irreversible process, Heat Engines, Carnot’s cycle, Effective way to increase
Efficiency, Carnot’s Engines and refrigerator, Coefficient of performance, Second Law of
Thermodynamics - Statements, Carnot Theorem, Steam Engine, Otto Engine, Diesel Engine.
BSH: 4.20, 4.23, 4.24, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, 4.28,4.29, 4.30, 4.31& 4.33.

Maxwell’s thermodynamics relations (No derivation required), Applications of Maxwell’s

thermodynamic relations: Specific Heat Equation, Joule Thomson Cooling, Temperature Change
in Adiabatic Process, Clausius – Clapeyron equation
BSH: 6.3, 6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.4.6&6.4.7

UNIT II (15 Lectures)

Concept of Entropy, Change in Entropy, Change in Entropy in Adiabatic Process, Change in
Entropy in Reversible cycle, Principle of increase of Entropy, Change in Entropy in Irreversible
Process, T – S diagram, Physical Significance of Entropy, Entropy of a perfect gas, Kelvin’s
thermodynamic Scale of temperature, (Omit alternative method using Carnot cycle), The size of
a Degree, Zero of Absolute scale, Identity of perfect Gas Scale and Absolute scale.Third Law of
thermodynamics, Zero-point energy, Negative temperatures (Not possible), Heat Death of the
Universe.
BSH:5.1 to 5.9, 5.11 to 5.18
Low temp physics: Different methods of liquefaction of gases, Method of freezing, Cooling by
Evaporation under reduced Pressure, Cooling by Adiabatic Expansion, Principle of Regenerative
Cooling, Liquefaction of Oxygen.
BSH: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.7&7.9
References:
BSH: Brijlal, Subramanyam and Hemne, Heat Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, S
Chand,Revised, Multi-coloured,2007 Ed.
Additional References:
M W Zemansky and R H Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics, McGraw Hill.
D K Chakrabarti, Theory and Experiments on Thermal Physics, (2006 Ed) Central books.
Evelyn Guha,Basic Thermodynamics (Narosa Publications)
Philip M. Morse,Thermal Physics (W. A. Benjamin Inc, New York)
Robert and Miller,Heat & Thermodynamics(E LBS)
Saha and Srivastava,A treatise of Heat
ABG: AB Gupta and H. Roy, Thermal Physics, Book and Allied (P) Ltd, Reprint 2008, 2009.
UIII Temperature Transducers (15 Lectures)
Introduction to Temperature Transducers, Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), Platinum
Thin Film Sensors, Resistance Thermometer: its types, working principles and applications,
Thermistors, Thermocouple, Semiconductor Diode Temperature Sensor, IC Type Sensor,
Pyrometers, Total Radiation Pyrometer (TRP), Infrared Pyrometers, Optical
Pyrometer,Ultrasonic Temperature Transducer
Reference:
Electronic Instrumentation. 3rd edition, H. S. Kalsi, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private
LimitedNEW DELHI. (Article no. 13.20.1 to 13.20.13 page no. 456-478)
Semester III

Name of the Duration Semester Subject

Programme
B.Sc.in Physics Six semesters III Physics

Course Code Title Credits

USPH302 Electronics 2

USPH302 Electronics

Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the basics of transistor biasing, operational amplifiers, their applications
2. Understand the basic concepts of oscillators and be able to perform calculations using them
3) Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skill in all the topics covered
Unit I Analog Electronics 15 Lectures
1.Faithful amplification, Transistor Biasing, Inherent Variations of Transistor Parameters,
Essentials of a Transistor Biasing Circuit, Methods of Transistor Biasing, Base Resistor
Method, Emitter Bias Circuit, Circuit analysis of Emitter Bias, Voltage Divider Bias Method.
References: Principles of Electronics – V. K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta. (S. Chand –
Multicolour revised edition)
Articles : 9.1 , 9.2 , 9.3 , 9.5, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9 , 9.10 , 9.12
2. General amplifier characteristics: Concept of amplification, amplifier notations, current
gain, Voltage gain, power gain, input resistance, output resistance, frequency response,
Decibel gain and Band width. General theory of feedback, reasons for negative feedback,
loop gain.
References: Electronic devices and circuits – An introduction Allan Mottershead (PHI Pvt.
Ltd.– EEE – 1986)
Articles : 7.1, 7.2 , 7.3 , 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7. , 8.1, 8.7, 8.8 , 17.1 , 17.2, 17.3
Unit II: Analog Electronics 15 Lectures
1. Oscillators: Introduction, effect of positive feedback. Requirements for oscillations, phase
shift oscillator, Wien Bridge Oscillator, Colpitt’s oscillator.
References: Electronic devices and circuits – An introduction Allan Mottershead (PHI Pvt.
Ltd.– EEE – 1986)
Articles : 18.1 , 18.2 , 18.3 , 18.5 , 18.6
2. Operational Amplifiers: Introduction, Schematic symbol of OPAMP, Output voltage
from OPAMP, , Bandwidth of an OPAMP, Slew rate, Frequency Response of an OPAMP,
Virtual ground concept , gain , offset voltage and current , OPAMP with Negative feedback,
Inverting Amplifier, Non-Inverting Amplifier, Voltage Follower, Summing Amplifier,
Applications of Summing amplifier, OPAMP Integrator and Differentiator, Critical
frequency of Integrator, Comparator.
References: Principles of Electronics – V. K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta. (S. Chand –
Multicolour revised edition)
Articles: 25.1 , 25.16 , 25.17 , 25.19, 25.20, 25.21, 25.22 , 25.24 , 25.26, 25.27, 25.32, 25.33
, 25.35 , 25.36, 25.37, 25.38 , 25.39.
Unit – III
Digital Electronics: 15 Lectures
Flip Flops : RS Flip-Flops (only NOR gate latch, NAND gate latch) , Gated Flip-Flops,
Edge-Triggered RS Flip-Flop, Edge- Triggered D Flip-Flop, Edge-Triggered J-K Flip-Flop,
JK Master- Slave Flip-Flops.
Types of registers: SISO , SIPO, PISO , PIPO [in this chapter the teacher should make all
IC specific diagrams into general diagrams ie. Ignore pin numbers and IC numbers]
Asynchronous counter -3 bit (ignore IC specific diagrams), Synchronous counter only mod 8,
Decade Counters Mod 5 and Mod 10
Reference: Digital Principles and Applications - Leach, Malvino, Saha_ 6th ed
Articles:
FFs: 8.1 to 8.5, 8.7
Registers: 9.1 to 9.5
Counters: 10.1, 10.3( upto fig 10.12)
10.5( upto fig 10.22).
Semester III

Name of the Duration Semester Subject

Programme
B.Sc.in Physics Six semesters III Physics

Course Code Title Credits

USPH303 Mathematical 2
Methods & Applied
Physics - I

USPH303 Mathematical Methods & Applied Physics – I

Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
1. The ability to apply the principles of physics to solve new and unfamiliar problems.
2. Learn Mathematical Techniques required to Physical phenomena at the under graduate
level and get exposure to important ideas of differential equations.
3. Solve non homogeneous differential equation and partial differential equation using
simple methods.
4. Describe and recognize different types of differential equation in program.
5. Understand the basic mathematical concepts and applications of them in physical
situations.
6. Students will be exposed to contextual real-life situations.
7. Students will appreciate the role of Physics in 'interdisciplinary areas related to Acoustics
and Radio Communication’ and understand the scope of the subject in Industry.

Unit I 15 Lectures
Differential Equations: Introduction, Ordinary differential equations: first order
homogeneous and non- homogeneous differential equations with variable coefficients,
Variable separable method, exact differentials equation
General first order Linear Differential equation and Second-order homogeneous differential
equations with constant coefficients. Problems depicting physical situations like LC and RL
circuits.
Unit II 15 Lectures
Second-order non homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, partial
differential equations, some important partial differential equations in physics, method
of separation of variables.
Applications of Partial differential Equation: Modeling of vibrating stretched string
and two dimensional heat flow equation, Laplace’s equation in two dimensions,
Solution of wave equation and Helmoltz’s equation.
Reference:
Higher Mathematical Physics, 1st Edition, 2014, by H.K. Dass and Dr. Rama Verma, S.Chand
Publishing ,New Delhi -110 055(Article no.12.1 to 12.7 , page no :273-305)
Additional References:
1. Mathematical Physics, B.D. Gupta-Vikas Publishing House, 4th Edition (2006)
2. Mathematical Physics, Sathya Prakash, Sultan Chand, 6th edition (2014)
3. Mathematical Physics Rajput, Pragathi Prakasan Pub., (2017)
4. Mathematical Physics, H.K. Dass, S. Chand & Co., Eighth edition (2018)
5. Mechanics and mathematical methods by R Murugeshn, S Chand. Elements of
mechanics by Gupta.
6. Mathematical physics- Piyoosh kumar tyagi , RBSA Publishers
7. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A concise introduction, - Tai L. Chow -
Cambridge University Press.

Unit III: Acoustics and Radio Communication: 15 Lectures

1. Acoustics of Buildings: Reverberation, Explanation and Importance of Sabine’s formula, Absorption
Coefficient, Acoustics of Buildings,Factors Affecting Acoustics of Buildings, Sound Distribution in an
Auditorium.
RK: 5.9, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14 & 5.15
Reference:
RK: Properties of matter and Acoustics – R Murugeshan and K. Shivaprasath, SChand & Co.Ltd. (2005-
Ed)

2. Radio communication:
i) Basics of Communication: Block diagram of communication system, types ofcommunication
system: simplex, duplex, analog and digital communication,base band and broad band
communication. Noiseconcept and types, signal to noise ratio, noise figure, noise temperature.
LF: 1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,9.5
ii) Amplitude Modulation: Need of modulation, concept of modulation, AMwaveform,
mathematical expression of AM, AM Receiver: TRF and super heterodyne receiver.
KD: 1.3,3.1.1,3.1.2,6.1,6.2.1
iii) Frequency Modulation: Definition, mathematical representation, frequencyspectrum.
KD: 5.1.1,5.1.2,5.1.3
iv) Concept of ASK, PSK, FSK, PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM.
KD: Electronic Communication Systems George Keneddy , Bernard Devis, Fourth Edition,
TMH Publications
References:
1. LF: Communication Electronics: Principles and applications by Louis E Frenzel, 3rd edition TMH
Publications.
2. KD: Electronic Communication Systems George Keneddy , Bernard Devis, Fourth Edition, TMH
Publications.
Additional References:
1. VT: Telecommunication Switching Systems and Network by Vishwanathan andThiagarajan, PHI
publication.
2. RC: Electronics Communication Systems by Denis Roddy and John Coolen, PHIpublication.
PHYSICS PRACTICAL COURSE –USPHP 3 (Credit -02)

Instructions:
1. All the measurements and readings should be written with proper units in SI system only.
2. After completing all the required number of experiments in the semester and recording them
in journal, student will have to get their journal certified and produce the certified journal at
the time of practical examination.
3. While evaluating practical, weightage should be given to circuit/ray diagram, observations,
tabular representation, experimental skills and procedure, graph, calculation and result.
4. Skill of doing the experiment and understanding physics concepts should be more important
than the accuracy of final result.
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
1. Understand & practice the skills while performing experiments.
2. Understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear & hesitation.
3. Correlate the physics theory concepts to practical application.
4. Understand the concept of errors and their estimation.

 For practical examinations, the learner will be examined in three experiments (one
from each group).
 Each experiment will be of three lecture hours' duration.
 A Minimum 4 from each group and in all minimum 12 experiments must be reported
in journal.
 All the skill experiments are required to be completed compulsorily. Students are
required to report all these experiments in the journal. Evaluation in viva voce will be
based on regular experiments and skill experiments.

A learner will be allowed to appear for the semester and practical examination only if he
submits a certified journal of Physics or a certificate that the learner has completed the
practical course of Physics Semester III as per the minimum requirements.
GROUP A
1. Helmholtz resonator- determination of unknown frequency
2. Young’s modulus by Koenig’s method/ Y by bending.
3. Flat spiral spring (Y)
4. Flat spiral spring (n)
5. Determination of acceleration due to gravity using BAR pendulum
6. Log Decrement using Simple Pendulum
7. LCR parallel resonance
8. Verification of Stefan’s law (Electrical method)
GROUP B
1. G By shunting using MCG
2. Thevenin’s Theorem OR Norton’s Theorem: To verify the theorems for DC circuits (using
same circuit)
3. Opamp: Inverting amplifier with different gains OR Non-inverting amplifier with different
gains & Voltage Follower (BB)
4. CE amplifier: determination of bandwidth
5. CE amplifier: variation of gain with load
6. To verify the Reciprocity/ Maximum Power Transfer Theorems
7. Phase shift oscillator /Wien bridge oscillator
8. Colpitt’s oscillator/ Hartley oscillator
GROUP C
1. Square wave oscillator using gates
2. Study of MS-JK flip flop
3. MOD 2 , MOD 5 & MOD 10 counter using IC 7490
4. Half adder and full adder (7486, 7408)
5. Opamp – Difference Amplifier /Opamp- Summing Amplifier
6. Opamp: Differentiator
7. Opamp: Integrator
8. Shift registers
Skill Experiments:
1. Soldering technique
2. Wiring of a simple circuit using bread board
3. Use of DMM- for component testing- diode and transistor
4. Use of oscilloscope- for phase-shift measurement
5. Radius of ball bearings (single pan balance)
6. PC simulations: graph, curve fitting, etc
Note: Minimum 12 experiments (Four From each group) and 4 Skill experiments should be
completed and reported in the journal, in the first semester. Certified Journal is a must, to be
eligible to appear for the semester end practical examination.
Semester End Practical Examination:
Scheme of Examination:
There will be no internal assessment for practical. A candidate will be allowed to appear for the
semester end practical examination only if the candidate submits a certified journal at the time of
practical examination of the semester or a certificate from the Head of the Department /Institute
to the effect that the candidate has completed the practical course of that semester of S.Y.B.Sc.
Physics as per the minimum requirement. The duration of the practical examination will be two
hours per experiment. There will be three experiments (one from each group) through which the
candidate will be examined in practical. The questions on slips for the same should be framed in
such a way that candidate will be able to complete the task and should be evaluated for its skill
and understanding of physics.
References:
1. Advanced course in Practical Physics D. Chattopadhya, PC Rakshit& B Saha. (6th Edition)
Book and Allied Pvt.Ltd.

2. B.Sc PRACTICAL Physics – Harnam Singh S.Chand& Co. Ld. 2001

3. A test book of advanced practical PHYSICS _ SAMIR Kumar Ghosh, New Central Book
Agency (3rd edition)

4. B.Sc. Practical Physics – CL Arora (1st Edition) -2001 S.Chand and Co Ltd.

5. Practical Physics CL Squires (3rd Edition) Cambridge University

6. University Practical Physics – DC Tayal. Himalaya Publication

7. Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop&Flint.

Semester IV

Name of the Duration Semester Subject

Programme

B.Sc.in Physics Six semesters IV Physics

Course Code Title Credits

USPH401 Optics & Applied 2

Physics II

USPH401 Optics & Applied Physics II

Learning Objectives:
To acquire knowledge of applied Optics and Electronics
Learning Outcomes:
After successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Understand the diffraction, polarization processes and applications of them in physical
situations.

2. Understand the applications of interference in design and working of interferometers.

3. Understand the resolving power of different optical instruments.

4. To develop assembly language programming skills and learn the real time applications of
microprocessor.

6. Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skill in all the topics covered.

UI Diffraction and Polarization (15 lectures)

1. Fresnel diffraction: Introduction, Huygens-Fresnel’s theory, Fresnel’s assumptions,

Distinction between interference and diffraction, Fresnel and Fraunhoffer types of diffraction,
Diffraction pattern due to straight edge: positions of maximum and minimum intensity
SBA: 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.6, 17.7, 17.10, 17.10.1
2. Fraunhoffer diffraction: Introduction, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit, intensity
distribution in diffraction pattern due to a single slit, Fraunhoffer diffraction at double slit,
Distinction between single slit and double slit diffraction patterns
SBA: 18.1, 18.2, 18.2.1, 18.4, 18.4.2
3. Polarization: Introduction, Malus’ Law, Production of Polarized light: The wire grid polarizer
and a Polaroid, Polarization by Reflection, Polarization by Double Refraction
Interference of Polarized light: Quarter wave plates and half wave plates (Qualitative)
Ordinary and Extra Ordinary Rays, Positive and Negative crystals
AG: 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.3.1, 22.3.2, 22.3.3, 22.6
SBA: 20.11.2, 20.11.3

UII Interferometers and Resolving Power (15 Lectures)

1. Michelson’s Interferometer: Principle, construction, working, circular fringes, localized

fringes, White light fringes, Visibility of fringes.
Applications of Michelson Interferometer: a) Measurement of wavelength b) Determination of
the difference in the wavelength of two waves c)Thickness of a thin transparent sheet
d) Determination of the refractive index of gases
SBA: 15.7, 15.7.1 to 15.7.7, 15.8, 15.8.1 to 15.8.4

2. Resolving Power:Introduction, Rayleigh’s criterion, Resolving power of optical instruments,

Criterion for resolution according to Lord Rayleigh, Resolving power of a telescope, Resolving
power of a prism, Resolving power of a plane transmission grating.
SBA: 19.1, 19.2, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, 19.11, 19.12

References:
1. (SBA) Dr. N. Subrhmanyam, Brijlal, and Dr. M. N. Avadhanulu A Textbook of Optics, 25th
Revised Edition (2012) S. Chand
2. (AG) Ajoy Ghatak, Optics 6E Mc Graw Hill Education

Unit: III - Microprocessors 15 lectures

1) Building Concept of Microprocessor:Introduction, Study of Memory, Input Device, Output Device,

Input/output Device, Central Processing Unit.

Chapter 3: 3.1, 3.2 , 3.3 (3.3.1 , 3.3.2 , 3,.3.3) , 3.4. , 3.5 , 3.6 , 3.7
2) 8085 Microprocessor: Introduction, Features of Inter 8085, Pin Diagram of 8085, 8085 CPU
Architecture ,Arithmetic and Logical Group, Register Group, Interrupt Control , Serial I/O Control Group
,Instruction Register , Decoder and Control Group

Chapter 4: 4.1 ,4.2, 4.3, 4.4 , 4.5 (4.5.1 , 4.5.2 , 4.5.3 , 4.5.4) , 4.6 (4.6.1 , 4.6.2 , 4.6.3), 4.7, 4.8, 4.9
(4.9.1 , 4.9.2 , 4.9.3)

3) 8085 Instruction Set: Introduction, Flowchart, Classification of Instruction, Notations used in

Instructions and Opcode , Data Transfer Group ,Program Examples for Data Transfer Group , Arithmetic
Operation Group , BranchGroup , Logical Group , Addressing Modes , 8085 Programmers Model.

Chapter 6: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 6.4 , 6.5 , 6.6 , 6.7 , 6.8 (6.8.1 , 6.8.2 , 6.8.3 , 6.8.8 , 6.8.9, 6.8.10 ,6.8.11 (A part
Block Transfer)) , 6.9 (6.9.1 upto 6.9.19) , 6.12 , 6.13

Reference Book:

Microprocessor and Applications by V.J. Vibhute& P.B. Borole, Fifth Revised Edition, Technova
Publications, Pune.

Additional References:

1. G: Microprocessor Architecture, programming and Applications with the8085 by Ramesh Gaonkar, 5th
Edition, Prentice Hall of India.

2. Microprocessor, Principles & Applications by Gilmore (2nd Ed) TMH

Semester IV

Name of the Duration Semester Subject

Programme
B.Sc.in Physics Six semesters IV Physics

Course Code Title Credits

USPH402 Electrodynamics 2

USPH402 Electrodynamics
Unit I Electrodynamics and Vector calculus: (15 lectures)
Line, surface, volume integrals, Fundamental thermos of Gradient,
Curvilinear co-ordinates, Divergence and Curl.
DG: 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.5, 1.4, 2.2.2, 2.2.4
Unit II Electromagnetism (Electrostatics & Magnetostatics) (15 lectures)
Coulomb’s law, Comments on potential, Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equation.
Solution and properties of 1D Laplace equation. Properties of 2D and 3D Laplace equation
(without proof). First & Second Uniqueness theorem
DG: 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.6
Unit III Magnetostatics : (15 lectures)
Magnetization, The Divergence and Curl of B, Ampere’s law in magnetized materials,
Comparison of Magnetostatics and Electrostatics ,
Bound currents and their physical interpretation, Magnetic susceptibility and permeability.
DG: 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4, 6.1.4, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.4.1
References :
DG : Introduction to Electrodynamics : David J. Griffiths (3rd Ed) Prentice Hall of India.
Additional References:
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics: A. Z. Capria and P. V. Panat. Narosa Publishing House.
2. Engineering Electrodynamics : William Hayt Jr. & John H. Buck (TMH).
3. Electricity and Magnetism :Navina Wadhwani (PHI – 2010).
Semester IV
Name of the Duration Semester Subject
Programme
B.Sc.in Physics Six semesters IV Physics
Course Code Title Credits
USPH403 Quantum Mechanics 2

USPH403 Quantum Mechanics

Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to :
1) Understand the postulates of quantum mechanics and to understand its importance in
explaining significant phenomena in Physics.
2) Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.
Background Reading (Review):
Origin of Quantum Mechanics:
1) Review of Black body radiation, b) Review of photoelectric effects.
2) Matter waves-De Broglie hypothesis. Davisson and Germer experiment.
3) Wave particle duality
4) Concept of wave packet, phase velocity, group velocity and relation between them
5) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle with thought experiment, different forms of uncertainty.
Unit I: The Schrodinger wave equation: 15 Lectures
1. Concept of wave function, Born interpretation of wave function.
2. Concepts of operator in quantum mechanics examples – position, momentum and energy
operators.
3. Eigenvalue equations, expectation values of operators.
4. Schrodinger equation.
5. Postulates of Quantum Mechanics.
6. Analogy between Wave equation and Schrodinger equation.
7. Time dependent and time independent (Steady State) Schrodinger equation, Stationary State
8. Superposition principle.
9. Probability current density, Equation of continuity and its physical significance.
Unit-II: Applications of Schrodinger steady state equation-I 15 Lectures
1. Free particle.
2. Particle in infinitely deep potential well (one - dimension).
3. Particle in finitely deep potential well (one - dimension).
4. Step potential.
5. Particle in three dimension rigid box, degeneracy of energy state.
Unit-III: Applications of Schrodinger steady state equation –II 15 Lectures
1. Potential barrier (Finite height and width) penetration and tunneling effect (derivation of
approximate transmission probability)
2. Theory of alpha particle decay from radioactive nucleus.
3. Harmonic oscillator (one-dimension), correspondence principle.
[Note: A good number of numerical examples are expected to be covered during the prescribed
lectures].
Reference Books:
1. Concepts of Modern Physics – A. Beiser (6th Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Quantum Mechanics – S P Singh, M K Bagade, Kamal Singh, - S. Chand : 2004 Ed.
3. Quantum Mechanics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and particles. - By R. Eisberg and
R. Resnik Published by Wiley.
5. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. - By D. Griffiths Published by Prentice Hall.
6. Quantum Mechanics. - By Ghatak and Lokanathan Published by Mc. Millan.
7. Quantum Mechanics. - By L. I. Schiff.
8. Quantum Mechanics. - By Powell and Crasemann, Addison-Wesley Pub.
PHYSICS PRACTICAL COURSE –USPHP 4 (Credit -02)

Instructions:
1. All the measurements and readings should be written with proper units in SI system only.
2. After completing all the required number of experiments in the semester and recording them
in journal, student will have to get their journal certified and produce the certified journal at
the time of practical examination.
3. While evaluating practical, weightage should be given to circuit/ray diagram, observations,
tabular representation, experimental skills and procedure, graph, calculation and result.
4. Skill of doing the experiment and understanding physics concepts should be more important
than the accuracy of final result.
Learning Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
1. Understand & practice the skills while performing experiments.
2. Understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear & hesitation.
3. Correlate the physics theory concepts to practical application.
4. Understand the concept of errors and their estimation.

 For practical examinations, the learner will be examined in three experiments

(one from each group).
 Each experiment will be of three lecture hours' duration.
 A Minimum 4 from each group and in all minimum 12 experiments must be reported
in journal.
 All the skill experiments are required to be completed compulsorily. Students are
required to report all these experiments in the journal. Evaluation in viva voce will be
based on regular experiments and skill experiments.

A learner will be allowed to appear for the semester and practical examination only if he
submits a certified journal of Physics or a certificate that the learner has completed the
practical course of Physics Semester IV as per the minimum requirements.
GROUP A
1. Optical lever: determination of μ

2 Cylindrical obstacle: determination of λ/ Fresnel’s bi-prism: determination of λ

3. Determination of Couchy’s constants

4. R.P. of telescope/ R.P. of grating

5. Brewster’s law: determination of μ

6. Polarimeter: Determination of specific rotation of sugar solution

7. Determination of wavelength of laser using grating

8. Determination of R.I. of liquid by laser

GROUP B

1. To determine self inductance of a coil by Maxwell bridge.

2. Plank’s Constant using LED (Red colours)

3. Figure of merit of a mirror galvanometer

4. Passive (RC) low pass/High Pass filter

5. Passive band pass filter

6. C1/ C2 by De Sauty’s Bridge

7. C1/ C2 by BG/ Determination of Absolute capacitance using BG

8. LCR Transient Response

GROUP C

1. Study of 8 Bit D latch

2. Study of 8 Bit Unidirectional Buffer/ Bidirectional Buffer

3. Verification of Inverse square law using LUX meter

4. Gauss Meter: Determination of Magnetic Field with change in current in electromagnet

5. Diode as a temperature sensor

6. 16-bit Data manipulation (Addition, subtraction) Display result on Address field.
7. Write An ALP: a) To Evaluate simple arithmetic Expression (like Y= a x b + c x d where a, b,
c and d are 8-bit HEX numbers) / b) To Add parity bit to 7-bit ASCII characters.

8. Write ALP for Addition/ Subtraction/Multiplication of two, 8-bit hex, numbers.

Demonstrations
1. Wave form generation using OPAMP- Square wave, triangular wave
2. Slew rate of OPAMP
3. Fresnel diffraction-straight edge, cylindrical obstacle using LASER
4. Fraunhoffer diffraction- Single slit, Double slit, Diffraction grating, reflection grating (steel
ruler, CD, etc.), transmission grating (wire gauge, fabric, etc.)
5. Total internal reflection using LASER
6. Concept of beats
7. Coupled oscillations and resonance
Note: Minimum 12 experiments (Four From each group) and 4 Skill experiments should be
completed and reported in the journal, in the first semester. Certified Journal is a must, to be
eligible to appear for the semester end practical examination.

Semester End Practical Examination:

Scheme of Examination:

There will be no internal assessment for practical. A candidate will be allowed to appear for the
semester end practical examination only if the candidate submits a certified journal at the time of
practical examination of the semester or a certificate from the Head of the Department /Institute
to the effect that the candidate has completed the practical course of that semester of S.Y.B.Sc.
Physics as per the minimum requirement. The duration of the practical examination will be two
hours per experiment. There will be three experiments (one from each group) through which the
candidate will be examined in practical. The questions on slips for the same should be framed in
such a way that candidate will be able to complete the task and should be evaluated for its skill
and understanding of physics.
References:
1. Advanced course in Practical Physics D. Chattopadhya, PC Rakshit& B Saha. (6th Edition)
Book and Allied Pvt.Ltd.

2. B.Sc PRACTICAL Physics – Harnam Singh S.Chand& Co. Ld. 2001

3. A test book of advanced practical PHYSICS _ SAMIR Kumar Ghosh, New Central Book
Agency (3rd edition)

4. B.Sc. Practical Physics – CL Arora (1st Edition) -2001 S.Chand and Co Ltd.

5. Practical Physics CL Squires (3rd Edition) Cambridge University

6. University Practical Physics – DC Tayal. Himalaya Publication

7. Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop&Flint.