Communication Shift affects: Speech Acts

1. Language form
2. Duration of interaction
3. Relationship of the speaker
4. Roles and Responsibilities of the speaker
5. Message
6. Delivery

COMMUNICATION SHIFT Communicative Strategy

This means that there’s a shifting from one
speech act to another, one speech style to another, one
speech context to another, and one communicative
strategy to another which directly or indirectly affects
the entire communication.

A. Language Form
- Refers to the formality/informality of the
language used
- This does not concern the variety of languages B. Duration of Interaction
but may take the forms that reflect the types of - Refers to the length of communication, that
sentences (Lander, 2016). could be shortened or lengthened depending
on how the conversation is going on between
FORMAL OR INFORMAL
the sender and the receiver.

Speech Contexts

Types of Sentences
1. Declarative (making statements)
2. Interrogative (asking questions) Speech Style
3. Imperatives (commands)
4. Exclamatory (expressing strong emotion)

Speech Context

Speech Acts

Speech Style
Communicative Strategy

E. Message
- Core concept of interaction

Speech Context

C. Relationship of the Speaker

- Refers to the bond between the speaker and
the receiver which may depend on how the
discussions relate to receiver’s interests and
knowledge.

Speech Style

D. Roles and Responsibility of the Speaker

- The speaker’s foremost role is to clearly send
the message to the intended receiver.

Speech Acts
speaker; time, venue, and
occasion
 Number of people in the
audience
 Audience Knowledge of the
topic
 Audience Knowledge of and
Opinion about the speaker

o Demographic Information
F. Delivery  Age
- Refers to the manner in which the speech/  Gender
message is presented.  Education, occupation, and
a. Manuscript reading  Economic status
b. Impromptu
c. Memorized o Psychological Information
d. Extemporaneous  Psychological Information
 Values
 Beliefs
EXAMPLE  Attitudes
SITUATION: A journalist delivers a news report about
the latest development of the coronavirus vaccine
2. Choosing your Topic
a. Language form – It uses declarative language.
b. Duration of Interaction – 1 to 10 minutes (does o Objectives
not require lengthy speech)  to inform
c. Relationship of the speaker – It is mediated and  to prompt an action
there is no direct contact between the speaker  to provoke an emotion
and the listener but the speaker is expected to  to entertain
show professionalism to his of her audience.  to promote a discussion
d. Role of the speaker – delivers news report (Lamerton, 2001)
e. Message – National of International issue  Choose a topic that you are
f. Delivery – Manuscript reading and impromptu good at or are
for possible Q and A to co-reporters interested in.
 Major Classifications of Speech
o An informative speech
provides the audience with
a clear understanding of the
concept or idea presented
by the speaker.
o An entertainment speech
provides the audience with
amusement.
oA persuasive speech
provides the audience with
well argued ideas that can
influence their own beliefs
and decisions.
STEPS IN WRITING SPEECH o
o The End Result
A. Analyzing the audience
 Do I want the audience to do
1. Audience Analysis - the process of
something? If so, what is it?
determining the values, interests, and
 Do I want them to apply their new-
attitudes of the intended or projected
found knowledge? How?
listeners
3. Getting the information about the topic
o Situational Information
Reliability – consistency and credibility
 size of the audience; what they
Validity – soundness of the logic
know about the topic and the
Currency – recentness
a. The Library -books, periodicals, Memorized Speech
verticalfile clippings i.e., clippings and
- is when a speaker commits an entire speech to
pamphlets, and non-print sources such
memory
as films. The Internet -reliable websites;
- This style also harms relation with the audience
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because the speaker is more focused on
remembering the text of the speech rather than
4. Outlining and Organizing your Speech
communicating with the audience.
o Introduction
o Body Extemporaneous Speech
o Conclusion
- is a speech that involves little preparation, as
o References
the speaker may use notes or cards to give his
 Introduction- foundation of a speech,
talk
get the attention of the audience, and
- It is important that speakers will still use their
present the subject or main idea of the
own words and talk naturally.
speech
 Body- provides explanations, examples, Entertainment Speech
or any details
- a speech designed to captivate an audience’s
 Conclusion- restates the main idea of
attention and regale or amuse them while
your speech, provides a summary,
delivering a message
emphasizes the message, and calls for
- should communicate a clear message, but the
action
manner of speaking used in an entertaining
speech is typically different
5. Preparing to Write Informative Speech
o Duration – allotted time for a
- centers on talking about people, events,
speech
processes, places, or things
o Word Choice
- Informing an audience about one of these
a. Use simple words
subjects without being persuasive is often a
b. Be concise
difficult task to complete.
c. Avoid Bias
o Grammatical Correctness – edit and Persuasive Speech
proofread
- seeks to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values,
or behaviors of audience members
- In order to persuade, a speaker has to construct
6. Writing the Speech
arguments that appeal to audience members.

TYPES OF SPEECHES
VOCAL ASPECTS OF SPEECH DELIVERY
Manuscript Speech
Speaker’s Voice
- the word-for-word iteration of a written
- It is the primary tool for catching the interest of
message
your audience, emphasizing your main points,
- the speaker maintains his or her attention on
stimulating reactions and conveying your
the printed page except when using visual aids
message.
- The advantage to reading from a manuscript is
the exact repetition of original words. Vocal Aspects of Speech Delivery
1. Pitch - may be either powerful or soft as the situation
- It is the relative highness or lowness of voice. It requires but rarely changes abruptly either from
results from the vibration of sound. loud to quiet or vice versa.
- A step is an abrupt change between syllables. 2. Expulsive
- Both step and slide may go upward or - applied firmly but more rapidly and with
downward depending on the meaning vigorous stroke.
intended. - characterized by numerous changes in the
- Through inflection (changes in pitch), it is degree of intensity and loudness
possible to convey meaning opposed to the
actual meaning of one’s words. 3. Explosive
- refers to a powerful level of intensity and
The different pitch levels are
usually of loudness
a. Very high (VH-4) – used for extreme joy and - appropriate when the speaker feels violent
grief and in calling emotions concerning his message or when he
b. High (H-3) – used in exultation, joy senses the need to awaken or surprise a lazy
c. Normal (N-2) – unimpassioned speaking; for audience
stressed syllables.
d. Low (L-1) – solemnity, awe
4. Articulation
- This refers to the clarity and enunciation of
2. Rate words, phrases and sentences in a speech.
- implies the number of words spoken per minute
and the length of pauses between words. 5. Pronunciation
- Problems may be that timing is too fast or too - describes the combination of vowels,
slow or the pauses have no meaning. consonants, syllables and accent a speaker uses
to emphasize specific words.

3. Volume
- refers to loudness, energy or force. Physical Aspects
- Its primary function is to make words audible
1. Facial Expression
while its secondary function is to emphasize
- set the emotional tone for a speech. It adds to
words.
the message that is being communicated such
as smile
- can help bring a speech to life when used by a
speaker to communicate emotions and
demonstrate enthusiasm for the speech

2. Posture
- is the stance or shape and bearing of the
body. Good posture must create an
impression that the speaker is alert and fully
prepared.

3. Gestures and Movement

- involve movements of certain parts if the body
in the physical expression of thought.
a. Use gestures and movements appropriately
b. Avoid overusing the same gesture
c. Avoid unnecessary movements

Three Types of Vocal Force

1. Effusive 4. Attire
- smooth, regular and sustained. - dressing well demonstrates that you care
- applied gradually and firmly. enough about the audience and your speech by
- suggests deep but controlled sentiment to looking your best
express greatness, dignity and the like.
5. Rapport with the audience b. Images
- in public speaking, the public speaker that c. Videos
someone else you're seeking to build rapport
with is not a single person. It's your audience
and good rapport with them ensures your Online Platform
message will be actively listened to.
- used to describe a range of services
a. marketplaces
b. search engines
c. social media
d. creative content outlets
e. app stores
f. communication
g. services payment systems
h. services

COLLABORATIVE (GIG) ECONOMY

DIGITAL SERVICE

Interactions

INTERNET - two or more distinct but

interdependent sets of users

Online Platforms of ICT content development

1. Social Media Platforms

o personal
o create personal accounts
o pages and groups
a. LinkedIn
- focuses on business and
professional networking

SOCMED

- a sense of belonging and community access to

support from like minded individuals
- an appreciation of different perspectives
- great for establishing oneself through
publishing helpful resources such as guest
blogging posts and interviews from experts
designed for sharing shorter form content such
as status updates, photos, videos, and links
- platforms that enable users to connect with
others and are more focused on creating and
sharing personal or social content

2. Blogging Platforms
Platforms
o informative
- can be hardware or software o focuses on content and design
- refers to a program creates by developers o option to change the design to your
- modified and reprogrammed by outside users liking
- caters different kinds of information ; such as a. WordPress
a. Texts b. Blogger.com
- provides free marketing material for social
media platforms
Advantages of Cloud Computing
- great for establishing oneself through
publishing helpful resources 1. No need to install
- designed for publishing longer-form content 2. Saves hard disk space
such as articles, essays, and other written 3. Easy access to your software/files; can be ran
material. It is a platform that enables users to anywhere as long as there is internet
create their own website or blog... connection
- blogging platforms are generally more focused 4. Saves you money
on creating informative or educational content, 5. No need to update because it updates
Social Media platforms are more focused on automatically
creating more informative or educational... 6. Minimum system requirements
7. Back up and date recovery

CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
- a computer application (sometimes online or
browser-based) 1. Can be hampered by slow internet
- publish 2. May still require compatible software like a
- edit browser
- organize 3. You do not own the software, you are simply
- delete renting it
- CMS is used in blogs, news websites, and 4. Security risk of doing things over the internet as
shopping opposed to your personal computer alone
- CMS allows multiple users to collaborate on 5. More prone to hacking
content creation and management 6. Limited control over the infrastructure itself

CLOUD COMPUTING [Cloud computing has become and essential part of

modern computing infrastructure]
- the practice of using a network of remote
servers hosted on the internet to store,
manage, and process data, rather than a local or
a personal computer

3 Service Models

a. Infrastructure as a Service
- this model provides users with virtualized
computing resources such as servers, storage,
and networking infrastructure.

e.g. Amazon Web Services (AWS)

b. Platform as a Service
- programmers
- develop, deploy, and manage

c. Software as a Service
- other users Website
- this model provides users with access to
- refers to a location on the internet which is the
software applications hosted and managed
collection fo pictures and images
by a third-party provider.
Collaboration
e.g. Google Workspace, Salesforce
- Latin word 'collaboratus' = collaborare 2. Possibility of Network Failure and Equipment
Breakdown
"to labor together"
- network failure and equipment breakdown
- Merriam-Webster > To work with another might limit its use
person or group in order to do or achieve 3. Language and Cultural Differences
something - differences in language and culture can limit the
engagement of employees working in different
regions
TEAM/GROUP 4. Incindences of Group Think
- different department and region to work
A. Group Dynamics together may undoubtedly inspire fresh
- how to interact with each other perspectives on the project
 know your team
 tackle problems quickly with good
feedback INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA
 define roles and responsibilities
 break down barriers A. Multimedia
 focus on communication - the computer-controlled integration of multiple
 pay attention forms of media that includes text, graphics,
B. Web Portal audio, video, animation, etc.
- is a website that contains information from B. Multimedia Content
different sources and places them in once 1. Videos
location in a uniform way  taking videos and showing to the entire
world
e.g. PARENG ALBRET YouTube Channel
Advantages of Online Collaboration 2. Sound, Music, or Audio
 record
1. Convenience in Organizing Meetings 3. Online Games
- it makes it easier for people who aren't in the  browser-based games
same location to work together e.g. Mobile Legends, Farmville, etc.
2. Easier Management of Projects 4. Online Test
- online collaboration makes it easier to manage  online survey forms and tests
team projects e.g. Online IQ and Personality Tests
3. Faster Completion of Collaboration 5. Courseware
- is likely to give the best input in terms of  online courses that stimulate
expertise classroom online
4. Significant Cost Savings e.g. e-learning courses using a
- online collaboration software allows businesses Learning Management System
to host online meetings in real time with 6. Podcasts
hundreds of participants interacting  episodic series of audio or text files
simultaneously streamed online
e.g. TED talks, The Starters
7. Vodcasts
 episodic series of video streamed
online
e.g. YouTube series shows like
Video Game High School

Disadvntages of Online Collaboration Uses of Multimedia

1. Lack of Face-to-Face Interaction 1. Edutainment Goal

- participants cannot argue with one another  entertain the user while being unaware that
simultaneously over the online platform he/she is actually learning in process
because of longer lag times
2. Business Communication  illegal acts done through the use of
EFFECTIVENESS Internet
 promoting a product or service at the same a. Phishing / Spoofing
time which adds a hint of entertainment  acquire sensitive
3. Entertainment information
 simulation, sound, animation, graphics 2. Blackmail / Extortion
 creating real-life simulation > engaging a. Blackmail
 threatening another person to gain
something of value
COMPUTER - Common Operated Machine Particularly  encompasses a much broader set of
Used for Technical Education and Research potential criminal activity because the
act of blackmail refers to the threat
HDMI - High definition Multimedia Interface  occurs when one person threatens to
reveal private information about
someone else unless he receives
SOCIAL CHANGE compensation to remain silent
- the alteration of mechanisms within the social b. Extortion
structure characterized by changes in cultural symbols,  occurs when a person threatens to
rules of behavior, social organizations, or value systems physically harm or injure another unless
the extortioner receives compensation

Platform
3. Accessing Stored Communications
- can be applications or websites being used as  the act of obtaining unauthorized
a tool to make a change access to data from a computer
network

1980 [OPPOSITION AND CRITICISM] EDSA Revolution #1 4. Hacker

 utilizes knowledge of computer
(Marcos Regime and Dictatorship > Corazon
software and hardware to break down
Aquino)
and bypass security on a computer,
 February 2, 1986 device, or network
 political opponents  "anyone" intentions
 human rights activists
 Catholic church a. Black hat hacker ; ILLEGAL
 corruption, economic instability and  extensive knowledge about
dissatisfaction breaking into a computer
 [through] Radyo Veritas (radio)  a criminal who uses and
manipulates technology with
vicious and often illegal content
2001 EDSA (DOS) #2  MOTIVATION > personal or
financial gain
(Joseph Estrada > Gloria Macapagal)  SEEK to modify or destroy data
 started January 17, 2001 until January 20, 2001
 [through] Text Brigades b. White hat hacker (Penetration
 dealing with 'vanishing load' testers) ; LEGAL
 text spams and scams  use their powers for good
 Globe and Sun Telecommunications rather than evil
 fastest way to relay the message to the  paid employees or contractors
supporters working for companies as
security specialists
 MOTIVATION > same with black
hat (personal or financial gain)
 an EXCEPTION > they do it with
permission
The Disadvantages of ICT

A. Internet Threats c. Grey hat hacker

1. Cybercrimes  neither black or white hat
 a blend of both black hat nor
white hat activities
 LOOK FOR VULNERABILITIES
(antivirus companies creating
viruses)
 if issues found, they will report
it to the owner and request a
small fee

FIX > ISSUE

5. Sports betting
 the act of wagering money on the
internet

6. Non-Delivery of Merchandize
 the act of devising the scheme

7. Electronic Harassment
 the act of anonymously using the
internet to harass, abuse, threaten,
or annoy other people

8. Child Pornography
 the act of using the Internet to
show child pornography

9. Prostitution
 the act of using the Internet to
engage in prostitution

10. Drug Trafficking

 the act of selling illegal substances
using the internet

11. Criminal Copyright Infringement

 the act of piracy mainly for financial
gain

Combatting Cybercrimes

1. Network Security

- the use of security measures

e.g. firewalls, secure connections, passwords...

2. Investigation

- URL tracing and logging are used by websites to

track your unique IP addresses

3. Penalties

- includes both a fine and imprisonment