MODULE

1 Prepare for Plumbing Works

On completion of this learning outcome you should be able to:

Learning Competencies:
1.1. Interpret work plans and isometric drawings in accordance with the job

specifications;
1.2. Prepare materials, tools, and equipment according to the job
requirements; and
1.3. Select appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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This Module has 4 Lessons. Each Lesson has the following:

 Overview
 Title and Description
 Guide/Topics
 Learning Objectives
 Requirements/Projects
 Pretest
 Definition of Terms
 Information Sheet
 (Self-check)
 (Activity Sheet /Operation Sheet /Job Sheet)
 Evaluation/Post test
 References

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HOME LEARNING GUIDE in Plumbing NC I
1st Quarter Week 1- August 2-6, 2021
I. OBJECTIVE:
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to
a) Interpret work plans and isometric drawings in accordance with the
job
specifications;
b) Prepare materials, tools, and equipment according to the job
requirements; and
c) Select appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

II. SUBJECT MATTER/LEARNING CONTENT: Prepare for Plumbing Works

III. LEARNING RESOURCES:
References:
Learning Module
Learning Materials:
Information Sheet and picture
IV: PROCEDURE:
A. Explore & Engage
Let the students do the pretest
B. Explain
Read the information sheet 1.1 , 1.2, and 1.3
C. Extend & Elaborate
Let the students do the self-check 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3
Reinforcement Activity. (Refer to the hand-outs)
Enrichment activity.
(Project) Make a presentation using your own design
about the pictures of Plumbing Tools, Materials, &
Equipment for your project. Do this in a PowerPoint
Presentation and send it to my email account
[email protected]
D. Evaluate
Refer to your module and answer the
post-test/evaluation.
Reflection
In what other ways is plumbing related to you and your life?

Prepared by:

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Jonathan D. Caporas
Teacher/09150366743

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What do you already know?
Pre-Assessment

Direction: Identify the following materials and tools used in plumbing.

Choose your answer from the given in the box .

Steel Square Hack Saw Cross-Cut Saw Pipe Cutter

Pipe Threader Pipe Reamer Spirit Level Plumb Bob
Clamps Bench Vise Pipe Wrench Pipe Vise

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

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INTRODUCTION

Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing pipes,

fixtures and apparatus in buildings to convey and supply water in the
buildings and to discharge of waste water and other liquids, gases and
other substances out of buildings in safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way
to ensure the health and sanitation of life and property.
The word Plumber is the title given to a person who is skilled worker
in the field of sanitation, who fits and repairs the pipes and fixtures of a
water system. It was derived from the ancient Roman word Plumbarius
which was taken from Latin word Plumbum.
Plumbarius refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field
of ancient Rome. Plumbum on the other hand, meant lead. A metal used
as plumbing material by the Romans, preferred for its twin properties of
malleability and resistant to acid.
Plumbing has two main objectives
1. To supply water to different parts of the building.
2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of
the building into the public sewer or septic tank.

Conditions for an effective water supply in building

1. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture.
2. To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply system.

The drainage system should accomplish the following:

1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage and
stoppage of drains.
2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into the
house from the piping system.

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Definition and Terms
1. Pipe – is a cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the
particular dimensions commonly known as “pipe size” and is denoted
by its interior diameter or I.D.
2. Plumbing – is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures and
other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply, liquids,
substances and/or ingredients and removing them; and such water,
liquid and other carried wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life,
property; also the pipes and fixtures after installation i.e., the
plumbing system
3. Plumbing appliance – is any one of a special class of device or
equipment intended to perform a special plumbing function. Its
operation and/or control may be dependent upon one or more
energized components, such as motors, controls, heating elements
and pressure-temperature-sensing elements. Such device or
equipment may operate automatically through one or more of the
following actions; a time cycle, a temperature range, a pressure
range, a measured volume or weight; or the device or equipment
may be manually adjusted or controlled by the user or operator.
4. Plumbing appurtenance – is a manufactured device or a
prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job assembly of component
parts, and serve as adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing
fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional water supply nor
does it add any discharge load to fixture or the drainage system. It
performs some useful functions in the operation, maintenance,
servicing, economy or safety of the plumbing system
5. Plumbing fixtures – are approved-type installed receptacles,
devices or appliances supplied with water or receive liquid or liquid-
borne wastes and discharge such wastes into the drainage system to
which they may be directly or indirectly connected. Industrial or
commercial tanks, vats and similar processing equipment are not
plumbing system fixtures, but may be connected to or discharged
into approved traps or plumbing fixtures as provided for in this Code
6. Plumbing system – includes all potable water supply and
distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps, all sanitary and
storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and
downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, including their
respective joints and connections; devices, receptacles, and
appurtenances within the property; water lines in the premises;
potable , tap, hot and chilled water pipings; potable water treating or
using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for same
TR PLUMBING NC II (Amended) Promulgated October 2014 Page 84b.
7. Plumbing unit – is a minimum standard quantity of plumbing
fixtures that discharge wastes into a plumbing installation including;
one (1) water meter, one (1) water closet, one (1) lavatory, one (1)
shower head and drain for a bathtub or shower stall, one (1) kitchen
sink, one (1) laundry tray and three (3) floor drains and four (4)
faucets/hose bibb.
8. Potable water – is a water satisfactory for drinking, culinary and
domestic purposes and meets the requirements of the Philippine
National Standards for Drinking Water.

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9. Pressure – is the normal force exerted by a homogenous liquid or
gas, per unit of area on the wall of the container.
10. Un-plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (uPVC) - is a
non-metallic conduit into which electrical wire may be drawn and with
an outside diameter sufficiently different from that of metallic
conduit.
11. Complex Plumbing - Covers the knowledge, skills and
attitudes in installing/assembling plumbing installation in all types of
building occupancy that requires special and extra ordinary piping
system.
12. Multiple Plumbing System - a battery of fixture; composed
of two or more system connections.
13. Centralized Plumbing Hot water - is a system that supplies
or distribute hot water to multiple fixtures that requires hot water
using storage type water heater and boilers.
14. High-rise building - multi-storey building minimum of 15
storey and above.
15. Medium-rise building - multi - level storey building from
ground floor to 15 story building.

What do you need to know?

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Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1.
DISCUSSION

Information Sheet # 1
Interpret Work Plans & Isometric drawings in Accordance with the
Job Requirements

MAKE PIPING LAYOUTS

Piping layout
Piping layout shows the is over all dimensions of the
plants/system/unit from where the plants starts and ends which shows the
all piping, equipment nozzles, structure, piping supports, instruments tags,
specification of items etc. Piping layout is very important for installation
of piping in the site.

A piping designer does piping layout. This is the process of

defining the piece of equipment, the maintenance spaces and the related
electrical needs. Then routes the piping to accomplish the process function
of the piece of equipment then add the space requirements for operation
and you have a piping layout.

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Residential Plumbing Floor Plan

Plumbing Blueprint

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Plumbing Symbols

PIPING LAYOUT
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Piping is a major expenditure in
the design and construction of
industrial, refinery, petrochemical, or
power-generating plants when one
considers engineering costs, material
costs, and fabrication and field labor
costs. Proper planning and execution of
the design and routing of pipe can have
a major impact on controlling the total
installed cost (TIC).

Piping design and equipment

arrangement are interrelated subjects
that cannot be well taught in the classroom. Most good designers
throughout history have learned their profession by a combination of
academic and practical work. Field and design office plus a little shop
experience is good preparation for designing or teaching. This topic is very
broad-based and relies on a sound mechanical engineering background and
a lot of common sense. The use of previous designs and drawings is a good
way to learn and improve on current designs.

The experienced piping designer needs

to have a working knowledge of plant
layout, equipment arrangement, and
system functionality associated with one
or more fields of endeavor, such as
commercial, industrial, refinery,
petrochemical, or power. In addition, the
designer must have an understanding of
the practical application of piping
materials, valves, pumps, tanks,
pressure vessels, heat exchangers,
power boilers, vendor-supplied skid
assemblies, steam turbine drivers, and other machinery and equipment .

Piping layout shows the is over all dimensions of the

plants/system/unit from where the plants starts and ends which shows
the all piping, equipment nozzles, structure, piping supports, instruments
tags, sp items etc. Piping layout is very important for installation of piping
in the site.
Piping layout drawings shall show the piping on plan view and give
all the information required for the preparation of isometric drawings and
for erection of the piping. Cross-section and details shall be drafted on
these drawings to facilities the drafting of the isometrics drawings
The orientation of the drawings shall be indicated on the drawings. If
possible it should be same in all cases. The number of the drawings
adjacent to boundaries of the given drawings shall be indicated.

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Contents should be include into the piping layout while preparing:

 Dimensioning:- Unit boundaries, row of pipe racks and structure and

equipment shall be laid out with reference to system of coordinates.
The elevations of horizontal equipment and platforms and the bottom
levels of grouped or individual piping, etc. shall be indicated.
 Equipment nozzles:-Tables shall be specifying the
characteristics of equipment nozzles including diameters, rating,
elevations, orientations and center distances.

 Representation of Piping:- In case of piping drawings to a scale of

1/33 or 1/50. Then piping up to 12 inch diameter shall be shown by
singles lines and piping 14 inch and above in diameter shall be
shown in double lines. All the piping lines shall be identified by the
line number as per in process and instruments diagrams. Alongside
this number the direction of flow, insulation and tracing shall be
indicated. While preparing the piping layouts drawings designer
have to check the clients project drafting standards and prepare the
piping layout drawings according to that because every client have
their different drafting standards. Some clients want all the piping in
double lines in piping layout and some are above mention. So it
varies clients to clients.
 Pipe Supports:- The supports of piping 2 inch and above shall be
shown and their positions identified.
 Instruments:- All instruments in lines or on equipment shall be
shown and marked with identifications appearing on the P & ID in the
piping layout drawings
 Special items:- All the special items should be marked in the piping
layout drawings as per piping and instruments drawings. Special
items like corrosion coupons, strainers, flame arrestors etc.

Documents required for piping layout drawings

 Piping &
instrumentation
Diagram (P & ID).
 Equipment Layout.
 Piping
Specification.
 Vendor
Requirement for
proprietary
equipment.

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PIPING LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS

 Project Client and Owner Requirements

Most projects have project-specific requirements imposed by the owner.
These usually include additional requirements above the codes and
standards which may have direct impact on both pipe layout and
equipment location. Most of these requirements derive from operations
feedback which the owner contractually invokes on future projects. Owners
may not have a thorough understanding of all the levels of detail required
to produce a piping design, but they know the finished product. It is very
important that all project personnel and designers know and understand
these requirements.

 Hierarchy of Reference Design Information

In the ever-expanding electronic engineering environment, the documents
identified can and will be replaced with databases, but the flow of required
information to design the piping systems will remain the same.
 System Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID)
These are the schematic single line process diagrams which define the
sequence of equipment, valves, inline
components, pipeline sizes, and overall system arrangement required for
proper system function. Computer-aided P&IDs that link the schematic
diagrams to electronic design data are preferred in order to perform
computerized P&ID compliance checks.
 P&ID Implementation and Physicalization
Piping and instrumentation diagrams are the piping designer’s roadmap for
laying out piping systems. The designer should understand the P&ID and
the specific system characteristics. With this knowledge the designer is
required to develop the P&ID and arrange connections and branches as
required to best suit the process to actual physical design.
 Project Piping Specifications
These documents or databases define the following essential information:
the system design and operating pressures and temperatures; piping
materials; pipe wall thickness or schedules; types of fittings to be used,
e.g., butt weld, socket weld, or screwed; and the valve and flange pressure
rating and insulation requirements. In addition, the piping specification
defines the fabrication, examination, testing, inspection, and installation
requirements, including the requirements for seismic installations, where
applicable.
 Equipment Outlines
These documents can be either imported computer-aided design or drafting
(CADD) files or prints of the equipment being piped. They include overall
dimensions and the pipe size, wall thickness, flange pressure rating, and
locating dimensions of all pipe nozzles and other connections.
 General Arrangements or Equipment Location Drawings
These drawings will indicate the location of all major pieces of equipment in
the plant which the designer will either verify or relocate, as required, to
accommodate the physical pipe routing as designed or redesign the piping
to accommodate the particular piece of equipment.
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Generally equipment location drawings are developed by senior-level
piping designers during the proposal preparation and are taken over by the
project team upon award of the contract. From this point on they are
revised and updated as part of the normal process of design development.
Equipment should be arranged with the piping layout in mind. Equipment
locations and relational arrangements should be evaluated during the
piping layout design process. Adjustments and occasionally major changes
to equipment arrangement are required to solve major piping arrangement
problems. Piping system design is dependent on the input from numerous
reference sources prior to the start of piping design.
 Collection of As-Built Information
CADD and electronic surveying capabilities have changed and are
continuously changing. Photogrammetry (photographs that are input into
three-dimensional CADD models) and laser mapping (laser scanning using
a time of flight laser connected to a computer that translates the scanned
points to a three-dimensional CADD model) are applications that enable the
designer to collect existing conditions which can be imported into the
designer’s CADD files. Total Station Surveying is the computerized
surveying system which engineering should request for the collection of
survey data points with the electronic transfer of information being able to
be translated directly into the CADD environment.
 Pipe Bending
Pipe bending has become increasingly widespread due to a desire for a
decrease in fabrication costs. If bending is to be used, the designer should
consider special requirements imposed by the process (i.e., tail ends and
clamp dimensions are required by the bending machine, and increased
distances and space are required because bends have a greater center-to-
face dimension than conventional fitting dimensions).

 Piping Flexibility

The effects of the thermal expansion of pipe and fittings as a result of

system operating temperature changes cannot be overlooked during the
layout and routing of any piping system. The function of piping flexibility or
stress analysis has, for the most part, been delegated to the computer
particularly in the case of high temperature, high-pressure piping systems.
The piping stress analyst translates and enters the piping design data into
the computer, reviews the output data, and if the system is too rigid, may
suggest appropriate corrective redesigns.

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How to Draw a Plumbing Plan

A well-planned diagram is essential for any remodeling project that

involves major plumbing work. If you’re renovating your kitchen or adding a
new shower to an existing bathroom, for example, drawing up a plumbing
plan allows you to map out the system beforehand, which will help ensure
the process runs as smoothly as possible. Professional plumbers usually
map a plumbing job in painstaking detail to prevent surprises during the
project, and you should too if you’re planning on completing the work
yourself.
A plumbing drawing illustrates the system that will bring water in and take
waste back out. It typically includes water supply lines, drains, vent pipes,
valves, and fixtures such as toilets and sinks. These plans often use a
variety of official plumbing symbols to denote different elements, and it’s
fairly easy to produce plan views and riser drawings either by hand or using
a computer.
Making detailed drawings will save time and expenses later. Also, drawing
the project helps you think through the job in detail, which can enable you
to spot something that you might otherwise overlook. If you have all the
necessary materials noted in the plan, it will almost certainly minimize
extra trips to the plumbing supply store. A clear, professional-quality plan
can also be especially helpful for projects that require a plumbing permit.
Although a plan might not be required in order to obtain a permit, it will
likely make your initial meeting with the building department more
productive. Be sure to check your local plumbing codes before you begin.

How to Draw a Plumbing Plan

A plan for new plumbing starts with a map of the existing plumbing.
Use color codes and these universally recognized symbols on your drawings
to clearly denote each component of your plan.
If you have architectural drawings, make several photocopies of them.
Otherwise, make several copies of an accurate scale drawing of the room.
A gridded straightedge will help you draw parallel lines. You’ll also need
color pencils, an eraser, and a 30-60-90-degree triangle. Use grid paper
and establish a scale, such as 1/2 inch equals 1 foot. Drawing to scale
makes it easy to note any problems with the layout. It also helps in
estimating materials.
To make a plumbing plan, first draw all fixtures to scale size and make sure
they are not too close together. Mark the drain lines and vents for the
fixtures, then add the supply lines. Make riser drawings to show vertical
pipe runs as well.
Indicate pipe sizes and the exact type of every fitting so the inspector can
approve them. Mark locations for valves, including stops at fixtures, and
specify the type of valve. Make a shopping list of materials based on the
drawings.

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Elements of a Successful Plumbing Plan

 Key Coding
It’s a good idea to code your map to keep the different elements straight.
Show drainpipes with solid lines and supply lines with broken lines. Indicate
vertical runs with notes on the overhead view. Mark hot and cold supply
lines with colored pencils and color-code drains and vents. Point to pipe
sizes with a curved leader line to avoid mistaking the leader for a pipe. You
might need to draw several versions of the plumbing plan before you get all
the details right.

 DWV Elevation
A drain-waste-vent (DWV) elevation describes the system that will carry
water, waste, and air out of the house. This part of your plumbing plan
should note the upward path of the stack, vents, and revents; the length of
drainpipe runs; and traps. Its primary purpose is to show how the fixtures
will be vented. It doesn’t have to be drawn over an architectural drawing,
although that can be helpful for reference.

 Supply Drawing
A supply drawing indicates the estimated length of supply pipes. Be sure to
include the pipe size as well. The main purpose of this drawing is to
determine the minimum size of the pipes. Refer to this plumbing plan as
you make your shopping list of materials to ensure you purchase the right
sizes and lengths.

Draft Water Distribution System

This lesson is designed to familiarize you to draft the proper
distribution of water system (Hot and Cold water) and the signs and
symbols used which are based on the standard water code of the
Philippines.
Operational Definition of Terms:
 Aluminum is a lightweight but relatively strong metal often alloyed
copper to increase hardness and strength.
 Gate Valve is usually chosen for locations where it is left completely
open most of the time because it offers the least resistance to the
flow of water.
 Diagrammatic Layout is used for drafting layout in architectural
plans.
 Nipples are shorts pieces of pipes threaded on both ends.
 Plumbing refers to the water supply and drainage of waste water
sewage.
 Plumbing System refers to supply pipe that carry fresh waste water
under pressure from a public water supply or individual wells to
fixtures.
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 Reducer is used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
 Scale Layout is used for drafting large pipes.

Overview
One of the man’s essential needs is water. He could live for days
without food but not without water. Water appears in its natural state
(liquid) or solid (ice) and gas (vapor) or steam. It is 830 times heavier than
air but is 133 times lighter in its gaseous state. This can be source from:
rain water, natural surface water and underground water.
Water is a necessity. It is conveyed from the source to the household
through a system of pipes.
Water distribution systems for residential and commercial buildings
are conveyed thru pipes, a PVC, Cast Iron Pipe or G.I Pipe.
Hot and cold water is supplied to the buildings by a series of pipes
connected from the source under pressure to the building fixtures thru a
water line distribution system.

Pipeline design includes a selection of the route traversed by

the pipe, determination of the throughput (i.e., the amount of fluid or solids
transported) and the operational velocity, calculation of pressure gradient,
selection of pumps and other equipment, determination of pipe thickness
and material.

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SELF-CHECK # 1.1
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose/encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. These are the schematic single line process diagrams which define the
sequence of equipment, valves, inline components, pipeline sizes, and
overall system arrangement required for proper system function.

A. System Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID

B. Key Coding
C. Supply Drawing
D. Collection of As-Built Information

2. These documents can be either imported computer-aided design or

drafting (CADD) files or prints of the equipment being piped.

A. Collection of As-Built Information

B. Project Piping Specifications
C. Diagrammatic Layout
D. Scale Layout

3. It refers to supply pipe that carry fresh waste water under pressure from
a public water supply or individual wells to fixtures.
A. Scale Layout
B. Key Coding
C. Plumbing System
D. Reducer

4. It is used for drafting layout in architectural plans.

A. Nipples
B. Scale layout
C. Plumbing
D. Diagrammatic Layout

5. Is a lightweight but relatively strong metal often alloyed copper to

increase hardness and strength?
A. Aluminum
B. Metal
C. G.I Pipe

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D. Bronze

Learning Objectives: Prepare materials, tools, and equipment according to

the job requirements.

Information Sheet No.2

Plumbing Materials and Tools

I. Plumbing Materials
 PIPES
Plastic or Synthetic Pipes:

Rigid Types:

 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is a high

strength thermoplastic material widely used in
applications, such as pipes, medical devices,
wire and cable insulation...the list is endless. It
is the world's third-most widely produced
synthetic plastic polymer.

 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a

thermoplastic produced
by chlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin,
which is significantly more flexible and can
withstand higher temperatures than standard PVC.
Uses include hot and cold water delivery pipes and
industrial liquid handling.

 Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)

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Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride also
commonly referred to as UPVC, uPVC,
PVCU or PVC-U is a highly regarded
piping system that is suitable within the
water treatment, chemical processing
and similar industries.
UPVC is an extremely versatile product that
has uses ranging from drinking water to highly
corrosive chemical applications. The product contains UV stabilizing additives and
thermal properties which ensure that it is suitable for both interior and exterior
environments. Its smooth texture also ensures that there is limited build-up of
materials or scale from the liquids during operations.

 Sanitary PVC Pipe

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, or vinyl)

is used in a variety of applications in the
building and construction, health care,
electronics, automobile and other sectors, in
products ranging from piping and siding,
blood bags and tubing, to wire and cable
insulation, windshield system components
and more.

The sanitary sewer is a system of

underground pipes that carries sewage from bathrooms, sinks,
kitchens, and other plumbing components to a wastewater treatment
plant where it is filtered, treated and discharged. The storm sewer is a
system designed to carry rainfall runoff and other drainage.

 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, often

abbreviated as ABS, is an opaque
engineering thermoplastic widely used in
electronic housings, auto parts, consumer
products, pipe fittings, lego toys and many
more.

 Polypropylene (PP)

Polypropylene (PP) is a rigid and

crystalline thermoplastic used widely in
everyday objects like packaging trays,
household products, battery cases, medical
devices, etc. Explore this comprehensive

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guide and learn everything you need to know about this widely used
thermoplastic.

 Styrene Rubber plastic (SR)

The SR plastics shall contain styrene
plastics combined with rubber (polybutadiene or
butadiene-styrene type, or both) and compounding
materials such as antioxidants and lubricants, and
may contain acrylonitrile.

Flexible Types:

 Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene is a lightweight, durable
thermoplastic with variable crystalline
structure. It is one of the most widely
produced plastics in the world (tens of
millions of tons are produced worldwide
each year). Polyethylene is used in
applications ranging for films, tubes, plastic
parts, laminates, etc. in several markets
(packaging, automotive, electrical, etc.).
Polyethylene is made from the
polymerization of ethylene (or ethene)
monomer. Polyethylene chemical formula is (C2H4)n.

 Polybutylene (PB)
Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly (1-
butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or
saturated polymer with the chemical formula
(C4H8)n. It should not be confused
with polybutene, a low molecular
weight oligomer.
Polybutylene is produced
by polymerisation of 1-butene using
supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts. PB-1 is a
high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-
1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain
properties of technical polymers.

METALLIC PIPES:

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 Stainless Steel Pipe

Stainless steel pipe is primarily used in piping

systems for the transport of fluids or gases. We
manufacture steel pipe from a steel alloy
containing nickel as well as chromium, which
give stainless steel its corrosion-resistant
properties. Stainless steel pipe resists oxidation,
making it a low-maintenance solution that is
suitable for high temperature and chemical
applications. Because it is easily cleaned and
sanitized, stainless steel pipe is also desired for
applications involving food, beverages, and
pharmaceutical applications

 Lead Pipes
A lead service line (LSL, also known
as lead service pipe,
and lead connection pipe) is a pipe made
of lead which is used in potable water
distribution to connect a water main to a
user's premise. Lead exposure is a public
health hazard as it causes developmental
effects in fetuses, infants, and young
children.

 Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

Galvanized Iron (GI) Pipes are manufactured
using mild steel strips of Low Carbon Steel
Coils. The strips are passed through a series
of fin rolls to give them a circular shape. The
slit ends of the strips are then welded
together by continuously passing high-
frequency electric current across the edges.
A steel pipe or wrought-iron pipe, of
standard dimensions, which has been galvanized by coating it with a thin
layer of zinc.

 Brass Pipe
Brass pipe resists corrosion from water,
heat, saltwater, acids, minerals, and soils.
It's suitable for use in air, water, oil, natural
gas, and steam applications.

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 Copper Pipe
Copper pipes are commonly used in the
construction industry for water supply lines
and refrigerant lines in HVAC (heating,
cooling, and air-conditioning)
systems. Copper pipes can be
manufactured as soft or rigid copper and
offer excellent corrosion-resistance and
reliable connections.

 Asbestos Pipe
Asbestos cement pipe is generally viewed
as a rigid pipe although it does have a
limited amount of flexibility. Because
asbestos fibers and dust are hazardous to
health, special care is warranted in working
around this material if airborne particles
are generated. This pipe has been used in
both pressurized and gravity-flow systems.

 Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

Bituminized fiber pipe (VCP) made from

layers of ground wood pulp fibers
compressed with and bound by a water
resistant adhesive then impregnated
with liquefied coal tar pitch. It was used from
the 1860s through the 1970s, when it was
replaced by PVC pipe for water supply
and ABS pipe for drain-waste-vent (DWV)
applications. It is also belong to the oldest
prefabricated components in sewer systems.

 VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE

Vitrified Clay Pipe is pipe made from a blend of

clay and shale that has been subjected to high
temperature to achieve vitrification, which
results in a hard, inert ceramic. Is a sturdy
conduit widely used in gravity sanitary sewer
collection mains and is the longest-lasting pipe
material to date.

FITTINGS
– are any pipe part used to join two sections of pipes. It is used in
pipe systems to connect straight sections of pipe or tube, adapt to different
sizes or shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating fluid flow.

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 Elbow
An elbow is installed between two lengths of pipe (or
tubing) to allow a change of direction, usually a 90° or
45° angle; 22.5° elbows are also available. The ends
may be machined for butt welding, threaded (usually
female), or socketed. When the ends differ in size, it is
known as a reducing (or reducer) elbow.

 TEE
Is a type of pipe fitting which is T-shaped having two
outlets, 90° to the connection to the main line. It is a
short piece of pipe with a lateral outlet. Pipe Tee is
used to connect pipelines with a pipe at a right angle
with the line. Pipe Tees are widely used as pipe fittings.

 Socket
A socket weld is a pipe attachment detail in which
a pipe is inserted into a recessed area of a valve,
fitting of flange. In contrast to buttweld fittings,
Socket Weld fittings are mainly used for small pipe
diameters (Small Bore Piping); generally for piping
whose nominal diameter is NPS 2 or small.

 Cap
Pipe caps act as protective device and are
designed to protect pipe ends of various shapes.
The main purpose of using pipe caps is to
waterproof the connections. They are also used to
close the ends of hydraulic or pneumatic pipes and
tubes. They are used in the plumbing apparatus of
domestic, commercial and industrial water supply
lines, machinery and processing equipment etc.
They are also fitted on water pump lines with the sole purpose of
removing air blocks. Pipe caps are highly demanded as an important
category of pipe fittings.

 Plug
Pipe plugs are defined as cap end of fractional
tubes used in a large number of industries. These
pipe plugs are designed to insert into the end of
tubing to dead-end the flow. Various materials are
used to manufacture high quality tube plugs in a
variety of end connections.

 Union
Pipe union is a type of fitting equipment designed

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in such a way to unite two pipes which can be detached without causing
any deformation to the pipes. Any kind of small diameter piping
connection requiring a positive seal and easy assembly as well
disassembly are made with the help of pipe union.

Three parts of Union:

 A nut
 A female end
 A male end

 Nipple

In plumbing and piping, a nipple is a fitting,

consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided
with a male pipe thread at each end, for connecting
two other fittings.

 Couplings
A coupling (or coupler) (used
in piping or plumbing) is a very short length
of pipe or tube, with a socket at one or both ends
that allows two pipes or tubes to be joined, welded
(steel), brazed or soldered (copper, brass etc.)
together.

 Bushings
Bushings are used to join pipes of different sizes,
usually by reducing a larger fitting down to a
smaller pipe. Bushings are usually not always
threaded both inside and out, and take up very
little space compared to a coupling or union, which
accomplish the same goal.

 Bends
Pipe bending allows systems to minimize pressure
changes while still routing materials through
complex piping systems. As most bent pipes do not
alter the ends of the piping, pipe bends are often
easy to implement within a processing system using
standard welding processes, flanges, or other
connection methods.

 Wyes
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A fitting with three openings, a wye joins (or
creates) branch lines. It is a waste-fitting tee in
which the side inlet pipe enters at a 45° angle. A
standard wye is a Y-shaped fitting which allows
one pipe to be joined to another at a 45° angle.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

A plumbing fixture is an exchangeable device which can be

connected to an existing plumbing system to deliver and drain away water
but which is also configured to enable a particular use. Are also devices
that provide a supply of water and its disposal.
The most common plumbing fixtures are:
 Bathtubs
 Bidets
 Channel drains (also called trench drains)
 Drinking fountains
 Hose bibbs (connections for water hoses)
 Kitchen sinks
 Lavatories (also called bathroom sinks)
 Showers
 Tapware - an industry term for that sub-category of plumbing fixtures
consisting of tap valves, also called water taps or faucets and their
accessories, such as water spouts and shower heads.
 Terminal valves for dishwashers, ice makers, humidifiers, etc.
 Urinals
 Utility sinks
 Water closets- (known as toilets in the

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 SINK
- Also known by other names including sinker, washbowl, hand
basin, wash basin, and simply basin – is a
bowl-shaped plumbing fixture used for
washing hands, dishwashing, and other
purposes. Sinks have taps (faucets) that
supply hot and cold water and may include a
spray feature to be used for faster rinsing.
They also include a drain to remove used
water; this drain may itself include
a strainer and/or shut-off device and an
overflow-prevention device. Sinks may also have an
integrated soap dispenser. Many sinks, especially in kitchens, are
installed adjacent to or inside a counter. Sink in a kitchen, used for
washing dishes and preparing food.

 FAUCET

Any device for controlling the flow of liquid from a pipe

or the like by opening or closing an orifice; tap; cock

 TUBS
A long plastic, metal,
or ceramic container that
is filled with water so that you can sit or lie in
it to wash your whole body/ wide, open, deep.
Typically round container with a flat bottom
used for holding liquids, growing plants, etc.

 LAVATORY

A room or compartment with a toilet and

washbasin; a bathroom. A fixed bowl or
basin with running water and drainpipe for
washing.

 URINAL

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Is a sanitary plumbing fixture for
urination only. Urinals are often provided
in public toilets for male users in Western
countries. They are usually used in a
standing position. Urinals can be with
manual flushing, automatic flushing, or
without flushing, as is the case for
waterless urinals. The can be arranged as
single sanitary fixtures (with or without
privacy walls). Urinals designed for
females (“female urinals”) also exist but
rare. It is possible for females to use male
urinals with a female urination device.

 TOILET BOWL
A toilet is a piece of sanitary hardware
used for the collection or disposal of
human urine and feces. Toilets can be
with or without flushing water. They can
be set up for a sitting posture or for a
squatting posture.

 FLOOR DRAIN

A floor drain is a plumbing fixture that is installed

in the floor of a structure, mainly designed to
remove any standing water near it. They are usually
round, but can also be square or rectangular.

 SHOWER DIVERTER

Shower diverter is the mechanism that

reroutes the water from your bathtub
faucet to your showerhead. Many shower
diverters are controlled by a pin knob that
you pull, but there are many types. Maybe
yours is turned on with a button or with a
third faucet handle between the bathtub's
hot and cold knobs.

This valve is what allows you to choose between filling your bathtub
and taking a shower. In short, it diverts water up into the showerhead
instead of coming out of the tub spout.

 WATER CLOSET
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Water closet is just another name for a
typical gravity flush toilet. If you want to
get detailed, “water closet” can also be
used to describe a small room that houses
a toilet. A water closet can be great to
add a little privacy to a larger bathroom or
shared mater bath.

II. Plumbing Tools

 MEASURING TOOLS

 Push – Pull Rule

For most home applications, one of each of
two kinds of tape measures will help you
accomplish what needs to be done. Push-
Pull Tape. This familiar device is spring-loaded
so that the tape retracts into its metal or
plastic case when not in use. It is also known
as a flexible rule.

 Try Square
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A try square or try-square is a
woodworking tool used for marking and
checking 90° angles on pieces of wood.
Though woodworkers use many different
types of square, the try square is
considered one of the essential tools for
woodworking. The square in the name
refers to the 90° angle.

 L – Square / Steel Square

The steel square is a tool used in carpentry.

Carpenters use various tools to lay out structures
that are square (that is, built at accurately
measured right angles), many of which are made
of steel, but the name steel square refers to a
specific long-armed square that has additional
uses for measurement, especially of
various angles. Today the steel square is more
commonly referred to as the framing
square or carpenters square.

 Inside and Outside Calipers

Inside calipers are used to

measure inside dimensions such as
the inside diameter of a tube,
while outside calipers are used for
measuring outside dimensions such as
the outside diameter of a tube or a
piece of bar stock.

Level Bar
The level is used by the plumber to make
surfaces either vertical or horizontal. Some levels
may also indicate a 45-degrees angle. The level
is placed upon or against the object being
leveled. The plumber observes a bubble in a
liquid-filled glass chamber. The position of the
bubble tells the plumber how well the surface is
aligned.

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III. CUTTING TOOLS

 Cross-Cut Saw
A crosscut saw is any saw designed for
cutting wood perpendicular to the wood
grain. Crosscut saws may be small or
large, with small teeth close together for
fine work like woodworking or large for
coarse work like log bucking, and can be
a hand tool or power tool.

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 Hack Saw
A hack saw is a fine-toothed saw,
originally and mainly made for cutting
metal. The equivalent saw for cutting
wood is usually called a bow saw. Most
hacksaws are hand saws with a C-
shaped walking frame that holds a blade
under tension.

 Wheel Pipe Cutter

Is used to cut pipe squarely. A square

cut is necessary so that the dies will
start straight but there must be room to
swing the cutter around the pipe.

 Pipe Reamer

Is used to remove burs from the inside of

the pipe after it has been cut. The burs
must be removed because they restrict
the flow of liquid or gas.

 Pipe Threader
Is also known as a die. Most threading
device used is fixed die threader.

HOLDING TOOLS
Tool for holding firmly any material that has to be cut.

 Pipe Wrench
Used to loosen or tighten pipes and fittings. A
pipe wrench is an adjustable wrench that is
used, as the name implies, on pipes. Most often,
pipe wrenches are used on threaded pipe,
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usually galvanized steel, black iron or similar metal pipes. A pipe wrench
has two serrated jaws that are tightened and dig into the pipe for grip. The
top serrated jaw adjusts up and down to fit different size pipes. The unique
feature of a pipe wrench is that the teeth will only grip when turning the
wrench in one direction (see above), so it almost acts as a ratchet wrench.

 Pipe Vise
Is used to hold pipes firmly during the process of cutting,
threading and joining pipes.

 Yoke Type Chain Type

 Tube Cutter

Tube cutter is used to cut copper tube. The cutter

opens quickly to insert the tubing and slides to the
cutting position.

 Chain Wrench
and Chain Tongs
Can be used to tighten threaded iron pipe and
fittings. They have the advantage of
distributing force evenly around the pipe
without crushing it and are handy in close
quarters, as the only clearance necessary is
enough room to be able to wrap the chain
around the pipe or fitting.

 Basin Wrench
Is used to extend the plumber’s reach behind
fixtures to tighten the water supply connections
to the faucet and to tighten up slip nuts on
fixture traps in tight places.

 Strap Wrench

Is used for tightening chrome-plated pipe and

fittings so that they will not be marred with
wrench marks. Powdered rosin is sprinkled on
the strap to help it bite on the smooth chrome
surface.

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BORING TOOLS
Boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled
(or cast), by means of a single-point cutting tool, for example as in boring a
cannon barrel. Boring is used to achieve greater accuracy of the
Diameter of a hole, and can be used to cut a tapered hole.

Electric Drill Hammer drill Auger brace w/ Bits

TESTING TOOLS-used in finding out how well the finished work.

Spirit Level Plumb Bob Horse Level

Bar

DRIVING TOOLS-driving tools help hand tools and power tools work
together, especially important for the variety of drilling tasks that get done
in woodworking.

SLEDGER HAMMER CROW BAR CLAW HAMMER DRILL PRESS SCREW DRIVER

Self-check 1.2
Direction: Look at the table below, from the list appropriate plumbing
materials and tools for each of the following activities.

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1. Plastic Pipe 11. Pipe Reamer
2. Elbows 12. Threader
3. Fittings 13. L – Square
4. Wrench 14. Water hose
5. Floor drain 15. Auger Brace and Bits
6. Metal Pipes 16. Sledge hammer
7. Couplings 17. Screw driver
8. Faucet 18. Lavatory
9. Telephone shower 19. Cross-Cut Saw
10. Hack saw 20. Clamps

1. Cutting pipes ______________

2. Measuring the bend angle of pipes________________
3. Threading pipes_______________
4. Testing the levelness of installed pipes __________________
5. Connecting two pipes___________________

B. Directions: From the former list, identify the following:

1
2 3

4. 5.

Information Sheet No. 1.3

Personal Protective Equipment

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What PPE does Plumber need?
PPE considerations for plumbers should include boots, gloves and
wraparound eye protection as a minimum, along with ear protection when
using power tools.

Essential Personal Protective Equipment for Plumber and Their

Benefits

Safety is a key issue for plumbing experts. Recently, most plumbing

accidents happen due to lack of
personal protective equipment for
plumbers. Also, some of these
accidents may be as a result of
failure to wear the right PPE.

Protective gears are essential in

all plumbing services, such as
pipe installation, system repairs,
e.t.c. The right personal
protective equipment for a
plumber comprises of gloves,
boots, wraparound eye protection, protective helmet, and eye protection.
Also, sometimes a plumber may need respiratory protective equipment.
Eye protection is essential when the plumber is using power tools.

PPE can be defined as safety gear that protects plumbers against safety or
health risks when handling the job. The main objective of a protective gear
for a plumber is to reduce plumber exposure to hazards related to
plumbing. Below are essential PPE for plumbers commonly used on
plumbing and their benefits.

1. Face and Eye Protection

Spectacles, safety goggles, and full-face shields are

essential protective gears a plumber should consider
using when handling the task. This safety gears are
commonly used when handling power tools. This
safety equipment helps the plumber to effectively and
efficiently complete the task. In addition, the plumber
will complete the task on time. This will give you a
homeowner’s peace of mind, thus improving
production in their fields of specialization.

2. Head Protection

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Protective helmets are important in a plumbing
site because they prevent injuries from flying or
falling objects. Recently, due to advanced
technology, some hard hats are equipped with
accessories, such as earmuffs and shields. A
plumber should consider buying a well-fitted
protective helmet to prevent inconveniences.
Too small or too large hard hats are
inappropriate to use. Falling or flying objects
might lead to severe head injuries, which will
cost a plumber a huge amount of money in the long run. Therefore, it’s a
great idea to invest in a suitable protective helmet.

3. Hand and Skin Protection

Plumbing projects typically require the use of

hands. Recently, there have been many
reported cases of hand injuries resulting from
lack of hand protective gear. Also, a plumber
can suffer from various occupational skin
diseases, such as skin cancer, dermatitis, and
other severe skin injuries. These diseases are
costly because they require a high medical
cost. Hands are the most common part of the body, which is involved in
plumbing projects. Therefore, hand gloves are essential because they lower
the risk of hand and skin diseases. There are different types of gloves that
can be used as PPE for plumbers. These types include cut-resistant gloves,
rubber gloves, heat-resistant gloves, chainsaw gloves. Gloves are essential
when a plumber is handling tasks that involve hot materials, electricity, and
slippery objects.

4. Respiratory Protection

Production of toxic substances is common in

plumbing sites. Respiratory protection gears, such
as respirators, are designed to protect a plumber
from fumes, dust, and other dangerous substances
that could lead to respiratory problems.
Respiratory protection gears are important in areas
where there’s air contamination.

5. Hearing Protection

Noise pollution in plumbing sites can lead to

permanent hearing impairment. Earplugs and
earmuffs are the common hearing protection
equipment in plumbing projects. Note that
earplugs are effective in reducing low-frequency
noise, whereas earmuffs are effective in preventing
high-frequency noise.

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Conclusion

Protective equipment for plumbers is essential in enhancing the efficiency

of the task, managing time, and improving safety. Therefore, plumbers
should consider using the right PPE to minimize injuries while working.

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Activity Sheet No. 1.
Direction: Draw your Plumbing Floor Plan and illustrate piping using the
Plumbing Symbols and Correct measurements.
Draw it long bond paper.

Materials needed:
 Pencil
 Technical pencil size .5
 Bond paper
 Ruler
 Triangle 45° , 30° & 60°
 Eraser
 Masking tape

CATEGORY
10 5 3
1. Measurements (20%)

2. Neatness/Originality
(20%)

3. Design/Layout (25%)

4. Clarity of drawing in
Plumbing Symbols (35%)

EVALUATION
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Self-check No. 3

Direction: Match Column A wit column B using an arrow. Write the

appropriate name of its item.

2. Earmuff A.

3. Hand gloves B.

4. Respirator C.

5. Skin protector D.

6. Head protector E.

7. Safety Goggles F.

8. Safety Shoes G.

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Acknowledgement

The Competency-Based Learning Materials on Prepare for

Plumbing Works under the Plumbing National Certificate I
Qualification based on the Philippine TVET Trainers Qualification
Framework, could not have not been possible without the
outsourced materials presented in the Bibliography; and
participation and support of the following who in one way or another
contributed in the development of the CBLM’s.

Finally, we would like to thank God Almighty for giving as the

strength and passion to develop beyond expectations.

TO GOD BE THE GLORY!

JONATHAN D. CAPORAS
Plumbing Instructor
Ormoc City, Leyte

References

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The National Plumbing Code
Architectural Graphic Standard – Ramsey and Sleeper
Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings 6th Edition Mc
Guinness Stein Reynolds
Progressive Architecture
Time Saver Standards for Building Types 2nd Edition by J. Chara &
John Callender
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation – Forest B. Wright
Water Supply and Sewerage – Steel Mcghee
How to Design and Install Plumbing. by A.S Mathias, Jr. and Esles
Smith Jr.
Plumbing by Dick Demske
Readers Digest Home Improvement Manual
Building Technology and Mechanical System by Mc Guiness and Stein
Pipe Work and Pipe Welding L.J Rose
Municipal and Rural Sanitation – Victor M Ehlers and Ernest W. Steel
ASHRAE Standard 90-75
Eslon Blue uPVC Pipes and Fittings Manual
Eternit Corporation Technical Data
Philippine Standard Product and Catalog
Audel The Home Plumbing Handbook by Charles N. Mc Connell

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