C REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

SANA’A UNIVERSIT
FACULITY OF ENGINEERING
MECATRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT

PLC
Power Electronics

Y / D CCT
Experiment 5,6:
Single Phase Half and Full-Wave controlled Rectifier

Done by:

Belal Belal AhmedAhmed

202274035
AC.NO. 202274343

Group No. 4

System (Parallel)

Supervised by:
Eng. Mohmmed Al-zagir
Eng. Amjed Al-Shagthah
Index
Part I: Half-Wave controlled rectifier: ............................................................ 2
Introduction: .................................................................................................... 2
Abstract: .......................................................................................................... 2
Objective: ........................................................................................................ 2
Equipment: ...................................................................................................... 3
Circuit Diagram: ............................................................................................. 3
Wave Forms: ................................................................................................... 4
2. Wave form of Gate signal: ....................................................................... 4
Discussion: ...................................................................................................... 5
Conclusion: ..................................................................................................... 5
Part II: Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier: ......................................................... 6
Introduction: .................................................................................................... 6
Abstract: .......................................................................................................... 6
Objective: ........................................................................................................ 7
Equipment: ...................................................................................................... 7
Circuit Diagram: ............................................................................................. 7
Wave Forms: ................................................................................................... 8
2. Wave form of Gate signal: ....................................................................... 8
Discussion: ...................................................................................................... 9
Conclusion: ..................................................................................................... 9

1
Part I: Half-Wave controlled rectifier:
Introduction:
The single-phase half-wave-controlled rectifier experiment is a fundamental
study in power electronics that demonstrates the conversion of alternating
current (AC) to direct current (DC) using a semiconductor device. This
experiment provides hands-on experience with the principles of rectification,
phase control, and the behavior of SCRs (silicon-controlled rectifiers).

Abstract:
The Single-Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier experiment investigates the
conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using a silicon-
controlled rectifier (SCR). This experiment aims to demonstrate the
fundamental principles of phase control and rectification, allowing for a
practical understanding of how varying the firing angle of the SCR affects the
output voltage and current.
Through the use of an AC power supply, a controlled firing circuit, and
measurement instruments, students can observe the output waveforms
produced by the rectifier. By adjusting the firing angle, the conduction period
of the SCR is varied, leading to changes in the average output voltage across
the load. The resulting data elucidates the relationship between the firing angle
and the rectifier's performance, emphasizing the impact of controlled
rectification in various applications.

Objective:
The primary objective of this experiment is to observe the characteristics of a
single phase half wave controlled rectifier and how varying the firing angle of
the SCR affects the output voltage and current. By analyzing these
relationships, students can gain insights into the operation and control of
rectifiers in practical applications.

2
Equipment:
I. Hardware:
1. 220V/50Hz single phase power supply.
2. 1 x single phase Step down transformer 220V/45V.
3. 1 x Puls generation.
4. 1 x Power silicon thyristor.
5. Resistive load (R = 504 Ω), inductive load(L=10-3).
6. 1 x Dual Channel Oscilloscope.
7. 1 x Isolation Amplifier Four Channel.
8. 2 x Multimeters.
9. Safety Connection wires.
II. Software:
MATLAB

Circuit Diagram:

3
Wave Forms:
1. Wave forms of Vs, Is ,Vo ,Io

2. Wave form of Gate signal:

4
Discussion:
The Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier experiment reveals
important insights into the operation and control of rectifiers in power
electronics.
• Key Findings:
1. Output Voltage Control: The average output voltage is inversely
related to the firing angle of the SCR. Increasing the firing angle
reduces the conduction duration, leading to lower output voltage,
which is crucial for applications requiring precise voltage
control.
2. Waveform Characteristics: The output voltage exhibits
significant ripple, typical of half wave rectifiers. This ripple can
affect performance in DC loads, often requiring additional
filtering.
3. Efficiency Considerations: The use of only one half of the AC
waveform results in lower efficiency compared to full wave
rectifiers, making it less suitable for applications needing stable
DC output.
• Applications and Limitations:
The ability to control output voltage is vital for applications like
DC motor speed control and battery charging. However, the higher
ripple and inefficient power usage are notable limitations.

Conclusion:
The single phase half wave controlled rectifier experiment is an essential
educational exercise that not only reinforces theoretical concepts but also
provides practical skills in working with power electronic components. By
engaging in this experiment, students will enhance their understanding of
rectification processes and their applications in modern electrical engineering.

5
Part II: Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier:
Introduction:
The single-phase full-wave-controlled rectifier experiment is a crucial
exploration in the field of power electronics, focusing on the efficient
conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Unlike half
wave rectifiers, full wave rectifiers utilize both halves of the AC waveform,
resulting in a smoother and more efficient output. This experiment specifically
examines the use of controlled rectifiers, typically employing silicon-
controlled rectifiers (SCRs), which allow for precise control over the output
voltage by adjusting the firing angle.

Abstract:
The Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier experiment explores the
conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using a bridge
configuration of silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs). This experiment aims to
demonstrate the principles of full wave rectification and the impact of firing
angle control on the output characteristics.
By utilizing an AC power supply, two SCRs, and a suitable load, students
observe how varying the firing angles influences the average output voltage
and current. The experimental setup allows for real-time analysis of
waveforms using an oscilloscope, facilitating a comprehensive understanding
of the relationship between firing angle and rectifier performance.
The findings from this experiment highlight the advantages of full wave
rectification, such as reduced ripple voltage and improved efficiency
compared to half wave rectification. Additionally, the study reinforces the
significance of controlled rectification in various applications, including
motor control and power supply design.

6
Objective:
The primary objective of this experiment is to analyze the performance of a
single phase full wave controlled rectifier and observe how modifications to
the firing angle of the SCRs influence the output voltage and current. By
engaging in this experiment, students will gain practical insights into the
principles of full wave rectification and phase control.

Equipment:
I. Hardware:
1. 220V/50Hz single phase power supply.
2. 1 x single phase Step down transformer 220V/45V.
3. 1 x Puls generation.
4. 4 x Power silicon thyristor.
5. Resistive load (R = 504 Ω), inductive load(L=10-3).
6. 1 x Dual Channel Oscilloscope.
7. 1 x Isolation Amplifier Four Channel.
8. 2 x Multimeters.
9. Safety Connection wires.
II. Software:
MATLAB

Circuit Diagram:

7
Wave Forms:
1. Wave forms of Vs, Is ,Vo ,Io

2. Wave form of Gate signal:

8
Discussion:
The Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier experiment highlights the
advantages of full wave rectification in power electronics. Key findings
include:
Output Voltage Control: Varying the firing angle of the SCRs effectively
adjusts the average output voltage, enabling precise control for various
applications.
Reduced Ripple: The output waveform exhibits significantly less ripple
compared to half wave rectifiers, resulting in a more stable DC output
essential for devices requiring consistent voltage.
Higher Efficiency: Utilizing both halves of the AC cycle enhances overall
efficiency, minimizing energy losses in power conversion.
While the ability to control output voltage makes this rectifier ideal for
applications like DC motor control and power supplies, its complexity and the
requirement for dual SCRs can be seen as limitations. Overall, the experiment
reinforces key concepts in electrical engineering, preparing students for
practical applications in the field.

Conclusion:
The single-phase full-wave-controlled rectifier experiment enhances
theoretical knowledge by providing hands-on experience with power
electronic devices. It illustrates the importance of controlled rectification in
modern electrical systems, empowering students with the skills and
understanding necessary for careers in electrical engineering and related
fields.