Introduction :

The "Library Management System" has been developed to override the

problems prevailing in the practicing manual system. This software is
supported to eliminate and, in some cases, reduce the hardships faced by
this existing system. Moreover, this system is designed for the particular
need of the company to carry out operations in a smooth and effective
manner.

The application is reduced as much as possible to avoid errors while

entering the data. It also provides error message while entering invalid
data. No formal knowledge is needed for the user to use this system.
Thus, by this all it proves it is user-friendly. Library Management
System, as described above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable and
fast management system. It can assist the user to concentrate on their
other activities rather to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus, it will
help organization in better utilization of resources.

Every organization, whether big or small, has challenges to overcome

and managing the information of Books, Student, Librarian, Address,
Member. Every Library Management System has different Student
needs; therefore, we design exclusive employee management systems
that are adapted to your managerial requirements. This is designed to
assist in strategic planning, and will help you ensure that your
organization is equipped with the right level of information and details
for your future goals. Also, for those busy executive who are always on
the go, our systems come with remote access features, which will allow
you to manage your workforce anytime, at all times.
Objective:

The main objective of the Project on Library Management System is to

manage the details of Student, Books, Issues, Librarian, Member. It
manages all the information about Student, Address of Member as well as
Student. The project is totally built at administrative end and thus only the
administrator is guaranteed the access. The purpose of the project is to build
a web-based application program to reduce the manual work for managing
the Student, Books, Address, Issues. It tracks all the details about the Issues,
Librarian, Member, etc.

1. The objectives of a library management system is to operate a

library with efficiency and at reduced costs. The system being entirely
automated streamlines all the tasks involved in operations of the
library.

2. The activities of book purchasing, cataloging, indexing, circulation

recording and stock checking are done by the software. Such software
eliminates the need for repetitive manual work and minimizes the
chances of errors.

3. The library management system software helps in reducing

operational costs. Managing a library manually is labor intensive
and an immense amount of paperwork is involved. An automated
system reduces the need for manpower and stationery. This leads to
lower operational costs.

4. The system saves time for both the user and the librarian. With
just a click the user can search for the books available in the
library. The librarian can answer queries with ease regarding the
availability of books.

5. Adding, removing or editing the database is a simple

process. Adding new members or cancelling existing
memberships can be done with ease.

6. Stock checking and verification of books in the library can be done

within a few hours. The automated system saves a considerable
amount of time as opposed to the manual system.

7. The library management system software makes the library a

smart one by organizing the books systematically by author, title and
subject. This enables users to search for books quickly and
effortlessly.

8. Students need access to authentic information. An advanced

organized library is an integral part of any educational institution.

9. In this digital age a web-based library management system

would be ideal for students who can access the library’s database
on their smartphones.

10. The main objective of the Project of Library Management System

is to manage the details of users as well as books.

11. It also manages all the information about Student, Address of

Member as well as Student.
System Overview:

The Library Management System (LMS) is a comprehensive software

solution that automates and streamlines the daily operations of a library.
It enables efficient management of books, users, and loans through an
intuitive interface designed for both librarians and patrons. The system
handles essential tasks such as book management (adding, updating,
removing), user management (registration and tracking), and loan
management (issuing, returning, and fine calculation). The LMS has
been built with modern software engineering practices to ensure
flexibility, scalability, and robustness.

Key Features of the LMS:

1. Book Management
o Add New Books: Librarians can add new books to the library
collection by entering details such as the book's title, author,
ISBN, category, and availability status.
o Update Existing Books: If a book’s information (e.g., author,
category, or availability) changes, the system allows the
librarian to update these details.
o Delete Books: When books are no longer available or are to be
removed from the library collection, the librarian can delete the
records from the system.
o Search for Books: The system offers powerful search
functionality where users can search by title, author, ISBN, or
category. It also allows filtering based on availability (whether
a book is currently issued or available in the library).
2. User Management
o User Registration: Users must be registered in the system
before they can borrow books. The librarian or the user can
register by providing details such as name, email, and contact
number. Each user is assigned a unique ID.
o Update User Information: If users need to update their
information, such as their contact number or email, the system
allows the librarian or the user to do so.
o Track User Activity: The system maintains a record of all
books borrowed by each user, including the status of each loan
(issued, returned, overdue).
3. Loan Management
o Issue Books: The system allows librarians to issue books to
registered users. Each book is issued with a due date, and the
system marks the book as unavailable until it is returned.
o Return Books: When a user returns a book, the system marks
it as available again. If the book is returned after the due date,
the system automatically calculates an overdue fine based on
the number of days the book is late.
o Track Loan History: The system keeps a log of all loans,
including the dates of issue and return, for both books and
users. This allows librarians to track borrowing patterns and
users’ loan histories.
4. Overdue Fine Calculation
o The system automatically calculates fines for overdue books.
The fine amount is pre-configured by the library administrator,
and the system calculates the fine based on the number of
overdue days. Notifications may be sent to users for overdue
books (if integrated with a notification system).
Technical Architecture of the LMS
The LMS is designed with a multi-layered architecture to ensure
modularity, scalability, and maintainability. The system’s architecture
can be broken down into the following layers:
1. Presentation Layer (Front-End)
o The LMS interacts with users (both librarians and patrons)
through a front-end interface, which can be developed using
any web-based technology such as Angular, React, or Vue.js.
The front-end interacts with the backend via REST APIs to
perform operations like searching for books, registering users,
and issuing loans.
2. Business Logic Layer (Back-End)
o The business logic is implemented in Java, using Spring Boot
as the framework to build RESTful web services. This layer
handles all core business processes, such as validating user
input, managing transactions (issuing and returning books), and
enforcing business rules (such as fine calculations). The Spring
Boot application is highly modular and scalable, allowing for
the easy addition of new features or updates.
3. Data Access Layer (ORM)
o Hibernate is used as the Object-Relational Mapping (ORM)
tool to manage database interactions. Instead of writing
complex SQL queries, Hibernate simplifies database access by
mapping Java objects to database tables. The ORM layer
abstracts the underlying database details and provides methods
for CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations.
4. Database Layer
o The LMS uses MySQL as the relational database to store all
data, including book records, user details, and loan history. The
database schema includes tables like Books, Users, Loans, and
Fines, with relationships defined between them using foreign
keys.

System Flow
1. User Registration: New users are registered by providing necessary
details. A unique ID is generated for the user, and their information is
saved in the database.
2. Search for a Book: Both librarians and users can search for books by
title, author, or ISBN. The system checks the book’s availability and
displays the results.
3. Issue a Book: A librarian selects a book to issue and assigns it to a
registered user. The book’s availability status is updated, and a loan
record is created with a due date.
4. Return a Book: When the user returns the book, the loan record is
updated to reflect the return date. If the book is returned after the due
date, an overdue fine is calculated and recorded.
5. Fine Calculation: If a book is returned late, the system calculates the
fine based on the number of overdue days and the library’s fine policy.
The fine is then added to the user’s account.

Performance Considerations
The LMS has been designed with scalability and performance in mind.
Key performance features include:
• Optimized Database Queries: Using Hibernate, the system ensures
efficient data retrieval and updates. Complex queries are optimized to
minimize load on the database.
• Concurrency Handling: The system is capable of handling multiple
users accessing and updating the system simultaneously without
causing conflicts.
• Caching: Frequently accessed data, such as book catalogs, can be
cached to reduce load on the database and improve system
responsiveness.

Security Considerations
The LMS incorporates several security features to ensure data integrity
and protect user information:
• Authentication and Authorization: User authentication (e.g., via
username and password) is required for accessing system features.
Role-based access control is implemented, where only librarians can
perform administrative tasks like adding books or issuing loans.
• Data Encryption: Sensitive data, such as user credentials, is
encrypted to prevent unauthorized access.
• Input Validation: All inputs from users are validated to prevent SQL
injection attacks, data corruption, and ensure proper data format.
ER diagram of Library Management System:

ER diagram is known as Entity-Relationship Diagram, it is used to analyze the

structure of the Database. It shows relationships between entities and their
attributes. An ER Model provides a means of communication.
The Library Management System database keeps track of readers with the
following considerations –
• The system keeps track of the staff with a single point authentication
system comprising login Id and password.
• Staff maintains the book catalog with its ISBN, Book title, price(in INR),
category(novel, general, story), edition, author Number and details.
• A publisher has publisher Id, Year when the book was published, and
name of the book.
• Readers are registered with their user_id, email, name (first name, last
name), Phone no (multiple entries allowed), communication address. The
staff keeps track of readers.
• Readers can return/reserve books that stamps with issue date and return
date. If not returned within the prescribed time period, it may have a due
date too.
• Staff also generate reports that has readers id, registration no of report,
book no and return/issue info.

DFD for Library Management System:

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) depicts the flow of information and the
transformation applied when data moves in and out of a system. The overall
system is represented and described using input, processing, and output in the
DFD. The inputs can be:
• Book request when a student requests for a book.
• Library card when the student has to show or submit his/her identity as
proof.
The overall processing unit will contain the following output that a system will
produce or generate:
• The book will be the output as the book demanded by the students will be
given to them.
• Information on the demanded book should be displayed by the library
information system that can be used by the student while selecting the
book which makes it easier for the student.

1. Level 0 DFD –

2. Level 1 DFD – At this level, the system has to show or exposed with
more details of processing. The processes that are important to be carried
out are:
• Book delivery
• Search by topic
List of authors, List of Titles, List of Topics, the bookshelves from which books
can be located are some information that is required for these processes. Data
store is used to represent this type of information.
3. Level 2 DFD –
Modules of the Library Management System:
The Library Management System (LMS) is structured into several modules that
collectively facilitate the efficient management of library resources and user
interactions. Below are detailed explanations of three key modules: Book
Management, User Management, and Loan Management.

5.1Book Management Module

The Book Management Module is responsible for all operations related to the
library's collection of books. This module enables librarians to efficiently
manage the library's inventory and ensures that users have access to up-to-date
information about available titles.
Key Features:
1. Adding New Books:
o Librarians can add new books to the library database by entering
essential information such as:
▪ Title: The name of the book.
▪ Author: The writer(s) of the book.
▪ ISBN: The International Standard Book Number, which
uniquely identifies the book.
▪ Category: Genre or classification of the book (e.g., Fiction,
Non-Fiction, Science, etc.).
▪ Availability Status: Indicates whether the book is available
for loan or currently checked out.
o The system validates the entered information to prevent duplicates
and ensure data integrity.
2. Updating Book Details:
o If any information about a book changes (such as a new edition
being published or an author update), librarians can easily update
the relevant details.
o The system provides an intuitive interface to search for the book by
title or ISBN and make necessary modifications.
3. Searching for Books:
o Users and librarians can search for books using various criteria:
▪ Title: Searching by the book's title.
▪ Author: Finding books by specific authors.
▪ Availability: Filtering searches to show only available
books.
o The system uses efficient algorithms to ensure quick and accurate
search results.
4. Removing Books:
o Books that are damaged, outdated, or no longer in circulation can
be removed from the system.
o Librarians can select the book from the catalog and delete its
record, ensuring that the library’s inventory remains accurate.

5.2 User Management Module

The User Management Module focuses on managing user profiles and
interactions within the library system. This module ensures that user data is
organized and easily accessible for library staff.
Key Features:
1. Adding and Managing User Profiles:
o Librarians can create user profiles by registering new members.
Information collected includes:
▪ Name: The full name of the user.
▪ Email Address: Contact email for notifications and
communication.
▪ Phone Number: A contact number for assistance or
notifications.
o Each user is assigned a unique user ID that differentiates them
within the system.
2. Tracking User Borrowing History:
o The system maintains a comprehensive record of each user’s
borrowing history, including:
▪ Books Borrowed: A list of books each user has borrowed,
including issue and return dates.
▪ Overdue Books: Identifies books that are currently overdue,
enabling timely notifications and reminders.
o This feature allows librarians to monitor user activity and assess
borrowing patterns.
3. Managing Penalties:
o The system automatically calculates penalties for overdue books
based on predefined rules.
o Librarians can view a user’s outstanding fines and payment status,
making it easier to manage library finances and encourage timely
returns.

5.3 Loan Management Module

The Loan Management Module is critical for tracking the lending of books to
users. This module ensures that loan transactions are efficiently processed and
monitored.
Key Features:
1. Issuing Books to Users:
o When a user wants to borrow a book, the librarian can issue the
book through the system.
o The process includes verifying the user’s eligibility (e.g., checking
if they have any outstanding fines) and marking the book as
"checked out" in the inventory.
o The system generates a loan record that captures details such as:
▪ User ID: The ID of the borrowing user.
▪ Book ID: The ID of the borrowed book.
▪ Issue Date: The date when the book is issued.
▪ Due Date: The date by which the book must be returned.
2. Tracking Due Dates:
o The system automatically calculates and tracks due dates for all
issued books.
o Users can view their due dates through their profiles, promoting
accountability for book returns.
3. Calculating and Applying Fines:
o If a user fails to return a book by the due date, the system
calculates overdue fines based on the number of days late and the
fine rate set by the library.
o Fines are applied to the user’s account, and notifications are sent to
remind users of overdue items and outstanding fines.
o The system enables librarians to manage fine payments and update
user accounts accordingly.
Testing Methodologies:
1.Unit Testing
Unit tests validate the functionality of individual methods. For example,
testing the addBook() method ensures a new book is added to the
database correctly.

2.Integration Testing
Integration tests verify the interaction between the system's modules. For
instance, testing the Loan Management ensures the loan creation
updates both the Book Module (to mark the book unavailable) and the
User Module (to register the user loan).

3.Functional Testing
Functional testing ensures that the LMS fulfills the user’s requirements.
For instance, searching for a book by title returns accurate results, and
books issued are marked as unavailable.
Boundary Value Analysis
Boundary Value Analysis is used to test the system's behavior at the
limits of its input. Examples include:
• Maximum book title length.
• Maximum number of books a user can borrow.
Performance Testing
Performance testing simulates heavy user load scenarios. For example,
testing how the system handles 1000 concurrent book search requests.
Test Plan:
The Test Plan for the Library Management System (LMS) outlines the
systematic testing process to ensure that all functionalities work as
intended and meet the specified requirements. The plan categorizes tests
into different types, providing a structured approach to identify and
resolve issues before deployment.
Test
Test Type Description Expected Outcome
ID
T001 Unit Test Test adding a new book Book added successfully
T002 Unit Test Test user registration User registered successfully
Integration Loan created, book marked
T003 Test issuing a book
Test unavailable
T004 Functional Test Test search functionality Matching books returned
Test maximum title
T005 Boundary Test Error: Title too long
length
Test updating book Book details updated
T006 Unit Test
details successfully
T007 Unit Test Test removing a book Book removed successfully
Integration Loan record updated, book
T008 Test returning a book
Test available
Test user borrowing
T009 Functional Test Accurate history displayed
history
Performance Test system response Response time under
T010
Test time acceptable limit
Access granted for valid
T011 Security Test Test user authentication
credentials
Test user interface Easy navigation and user-
T012 Usability Test
navigation friendly design
Regression Test entire system post-
T013 No existing features broken
Test update
Test system under high
T014 Stress Test System remains responsive
load
Test fine calculation for Correct fine applied based on
T015 Boundary Test
overdue days late
Test Cases :
Test
Test Description Input Expected Output Status
Case ID
Title, Author, Book added
TC001 Add a new book Passed
ISBN successfully
List of matching
TC002 Search for a book by title Title Passed
books
Book ID, Loan created, book
TC003 Issue a book to a user Passed
User ID unavailable
Loan closed, book
TC004 Return a book on time Loan ID Passed
available
Return a book after due Loan closed, fine
TC005 Loan ID Passed
date applied
User registered
TC006 Register a new user Name, Email Passed
successfully
Add book with invalid
TC007 Invalid ISBN Error: Invalid ISBN Passed
ISBN
Book deleted
TC008 Delete a book Book ID Passed
successfully
Book ID, Error: Book
TC009 Issue unavailable book Passed
User ID unavailable
Book ID, Book updated
TC010 Update book details Passed
Title, ISBN successfully
Issue book to unregistered Book ID, Error: User not
TC011 Passed
user User ID found
Search for non-existent Non-existent Error: No books
TC012 Passed
book title found
View loan history for a List of books issued
TC013 User ID Passed
user to user
Test boundary for
5 books Error: Cannot issue
TC014 maximum books Passed
issued more books
borrowed
Correct fine
TC015 Test fine calculation Loan ID Passed
calculated
CONCLUSION :
Library Management System allows the user to store the book details and
the customer details. This software package allows storing the details of all
the data related to library. The system is strong enough to withstand
regressive yearly operations under conditions where the database is
maintained and cleared over a certain time of span. The implementation of
the system in the organization will considerably reduce data entry, time and
also provide readily calculated reports.