Ex.No.

1 Download, install and explore the features of

NumPy, SciPy, Jupyter, Statsmodels and Pandas
packages.
How to Install Anaconda & Run Jupyter Notebook

Instructions To Install Anaconda and Run Jupyter Notebook

• Download & Install Anaconda Distribution

• Create Anaconda Environment
• Install and Run Jupyter Notebook

Download & Install Anaconda Distribution

Follow the below step-by-step instructions to install Anaconda

distribution.

Download Anaconda Distribution

Go to https://anaconda.com/ and select Anaconda Individual Edition to

download the latest version of Anaconda. This downloads the .exe file to
the windows download folder.

1
Install Anaconda

By double-clicking the .exe file starts the Anaconda installation. Follow

the below screen shot’s and complete the installation

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3
4
This finishes the installation of Anaconda distribution, now let’s see how
to create an environment and install Jupyter Notebook.

5
Create Anaconda Environment from Navigator

A conda environment is a directory that contains a specific collection of conda

packages that you have installed. For example, you may have one
environment with NumPy 1.7 and its dependencies, and another environment
with NumPy 1.6 for legacy testing.
https://conda.io/docs/using/envs.html
Open Anaconda Navigator

Open Anaconda Navigator from windows start or by searching it.

Anaconda Navigator is a UI application where you can control the
Anaconda packages, environment e.t.c

Create an Environment to Run Jupyter Notebook

This is optional but recommended to create an environment before you

proceed. This gives complete segregation of different package installs for
different projects you would be working on. If you already have an
environment, you can use it too.

6
select + Create icon at the bottom of the screen to create an Anaconda
environment.

7
Install and Run Jupyter Notebook

Once you create the anaconda environment, go back to the Home page on
Anaconda Navigator and install Jupyter Notebook from an application on
the right panel.

It will take a few seconds to install Jupyter to your environment, once the
install completes, you can open Jupyter from the same screen or by
accessing Anaconda Navigator -> Environments -> your
environment (mine pandas-tutorial) -> select Open With Jupyter Notebook.

This opens up Jupyter Notebook in the default browser.

8
Now select New -> PythonX and enter the below lines and select Run. On
Jupyter, each cell is a statement, so you can run each cell independently
when there are no dependencies on previous cells.

This completes installing Anaconda and running Jupyter Notebook.

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RESULT:

Thus Jupyter Notebook environment has been successfully installed with all the
necessary packages using Anaconda distribution.

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Ex. No 2 Working with Numpy arrays
Aim
To implement array object using Numpy module in Python programming
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Import the required packages

Step 3: Read the elements through list/tuple/dictionary

Step 4: Convert List/tuple/dictionary into array using built-in methods

Step 5: Check the number of dimensions in an array

Step 6: Compute the shape of an array or if it’s required reshape an array

Step 7: Do the required operations like slicing, iterating, searching, concatenating

and splitting an array element.

Step 8: Stop the program

(i) Create a NumPy ndarray Object
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr)
print(type(arr))

<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
(ii) Dimensions in Arrays
0-D Arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array(42)
print(arr)

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1-D Arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr)

2-D Arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(arr)

3-D arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]])
print(arr)
CheckNu
mber of
Dimensi
ons?

Program
import numpy as np
a = np.array(42)

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b = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
c = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
d = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]])

print(a.ndim)
print(b.ndim)
print(c.ndim)
print(d.ndim)

(iii) Access Array Elements

Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(arr[0])

Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(arr[2] + arr[3])

(iv) Slicing arrays

Program

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import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
print(arr[1:5])

(v) NumPy Array Shape

Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]])
print(arr.shape)

(vi) Reshaping arrays

Program
import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])

newarr = arr.reshape(4, 3)

print(newarr)

(vii) Iterating Arrays

Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
for x in arr:
print(x)

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(viii) Joining NumPy
Arrays Program
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = np.array([4, 5, 6])
arr = np.concatenate((arr1, arr2))
print(arr)

(ix) Splitting NumPy Arrays

Program
import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

newarr = np.array_split(arr, 3)

print(newarr)

(x) Searching Arrays

Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4])
x = np.where(arr == 4)
print(x)

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(xi) Sorting Arrays
Program
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([3, 2, 0, 1])
print(np.sort(arr))

RESULT:
Thus Array object has been explored using Numpy module in Python programming
successfully.

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Exp. No. 3. Working with Pandas data frames
Aim:
To work with DataFrame object using Pandas module in Python Programming

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Import the required packages

Step 3: Create a DataFrame using built in method.

Step 4: Load data into a DataFrame object otherwise Load Files(excel/csv) into a

DataFrame

Step 5: Display the rows and describe the data set using built in method.

Step 6: Display the last 5 rows of the DataFrame.

Step 7: Check the number of maximum returned rows

Step 8: Stop the program

(i) Create a simple Pandas DataFrame:

Program
import pandas as pd
data = {

"calories": [420, 380, 390],

"duration": [50, 40, 45]

#load data into a DataFrame object:

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print(df)

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(ii) Locate Row
Program
print(df.loc[0])

(iv )use a list of indexes:

Program
print(df.loc[[0, 1]])

(v) Named Indexes

Program
import pandas as pd

data = {

"calories": [420, 380, 390],

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"duration": [50, 40, 45]

df = pd.DataFrame(data, index = ["day1", "day2", "day3"])

print(df)

(vi) Locate Named Indexes

print(df.loc["day2"])

(vii) Load Files Into a DataFrame

Program
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')

print(df)

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(viii) Check the number of maximum returned rows:
Program

import pandas as pd

print(pd.options.display.max_rows)

In my system the number is 60, which means that if the DataFrame contains more
than 60 rows, the print(df) statement will return only the headers and the first and
last 5 rows.
import pandas as pd

pd.options.display.max_rows = 9999
df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')

print(df)

(ix) Viewing the Data

Program
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')

print(df.head(4))

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(x) Print the last 5 rows of the DataFrame:
print(df.tail())

print(df.info())

RESULT:
Thus DataFrame object using Pandas module in Python Programming has been
successfully explored

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Exp. No. 4. Reading data from text files, Excel and the web and exploring
various commands for doing descriptive analytics on the Iris data
set.
Aim:
To perform descriptive analytics on Iris dataset using Python programming

Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Import the required packages

Step 3: Load Files(excel/csv/ text) into a DataFrame from Iris data set

Step 4: Display the rows and describe the data set using built in methods

Step 5: Compare Petal Length and Petal Width

Step 6: Visualize the data set using histogram with distplot, heatmaps

box plots methods

Step 7: Check Missing Values, Duplicates and remove outliers

Step 8: Stop the program

Program
import pandas as pd

# Reading the CSV file

df = pd.read_csv("Iris.csv")

# Printing top 5 rows

df.head()

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Getting Information about the Dataset
df.shape

df.info()

df.describe()

Checking Missing Values

df.isnull().sum()

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Checking Duplicates

data = df.drop_duplicates(subset ="Species",)

data

df.value_counts("Species")

Data Visualization

# importing packages

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.countplot(x='Species', data=df, )

plt.show()

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Comparing Sepal Length and Sepal Width
# importing packages

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.scatterplot(x='SepalLengthCm', y='SepalWidthCm',
hue='Species', data=df, )

# Placing Legend outside the Figure

plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1), loc=2)

plt.show()

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sns.pairplot(df.drop(['Id'], axis = 1),
hue='Species', height=2)

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# importing packages

Histograms

Program

# importing packages
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(10,10))
axes[0,0].set_title("Sepal Length")
axes[0,0].hist(df['SepalLengthCm'], bins=7)
axes[0,1].set_title("Sepal Width")
axes[0,1].hist(df['SepalWidthCm'], bins=5)
axes[1,0].set_title("Petal Length")
axes[1,0].hist(df['PetalLengthCm'], bins=6)
axes[1,1].set_title("Petal Width")
axes[1,1].hist(df['PetalWidthCm'], bins=6)

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Histograms with Distplot Plot

Program

# importing packages
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plot = sns.FacetGrid(df, hue="Species")

plot.map(sns.distplot, "SepalLengthCm").add_legend()
plot = sns.FacetGrid(df, hue="Species")
plot.map(sns.distplot, "SepalWidthCm").add_legend()
plot = sns.FacetGrid(df, hue="Species")
plot.map(sns.distplot, "PetalLengthCm").add_legend()
plot = sns.FacetGrid(df, hue="Species")
plot.map(sns.distplot, "PetalWidthCm").add_legend()
plt.show()

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Handling Correlation

data.corr(method='pearson')

Heatmaps

Program

# importing packages
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sns.heatmap(df.corr(method='pearson').drop(
['Id'], axis=1).drop(['Id'], axis=0),
annot = True);
plt.show()

Box Plots

Program

# importing packages
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def graph(y):
sns.boxplot(x="Species", y=y, data=df)
plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
# Adding the subplot at the specified
# grid position
plt.subplot(221)
graph('SepalLengthCm')
plt.subplot(222)
graph('SepalWidthCm')
plt.subplot(223)

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graph('PetalLengthCm')
plt.subplot(224)
graph('PetalWidthCm')
plt.show()

Program

# importing packages
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Load the dataset
df = pd.read_csv('Iris.csv')
sns.boxplot(x='SepalWidthCm', data=df)

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Removing Outliers
Program
# Importing
import sklearn
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
# Load the dataset
df = pd.read_csv('Iris.csv')
# IQR
Q1 = np.percentile(df['SepalWidthCm'], 25,
interpolation = 'midpoint')
Q3 = np.percentile(df['SepalWidthCm'], 75,
interpolation = 'midpoint')
IQR = Q3 - Q1
print("Old Shape: ", df.shape)
# Upper bound
upper = np.where(df['SepalWidthCm'] >= (Q3+1.5*IQR))
# Lower bound
lower = np.where(df['SepalWidthCm'] <= (Q1-1.5*IQR))

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# Removing the Outliers
df.drop(upper[0], inplace = True)
df.drop(lower[0], inplace = True)
print("New Shape: ", df.shape)
sns.boxplot(x='SepalWidthCm', data=df)

RESULT:
Thus Iris dataset has been explored and descriptively analysed using Python
programming

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Exp. No. 5. Use the diabetes data set from UCI and Pima Indians Diabetes
data set for performing the following:
Aim:

To perform various exploratory data analysis on Pima Indians Diabetes dataset

using Python Programming
a. Univariate analysis: Frequency, Mean, Median, Mode, Variance,
Standard Deviation, Skewness and Kurtosis.
b. Bivariate analysis: Linear and logistic regression modeling
c. Multiple Regression analysis
d. Also compare the results of the above analysis for the two data sets.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Import the required packages

Step 3: Load Files (excel/csv/ text) into a Data Frame from UCI and Pima Indians
Diabetes data set

Step 4: Display the rows and describe the data set using built in methods

Step 5: Compute Frequency, Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation,

Skewness and Kurtosis

Step 6: Visualize the data set using histogram with distplot, heatmaps

box plots methods

Step 7: Check Missing Values, Duplicates and remove outliers using built in method

Step 8: Stop the program

Program

import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

%matplotlib inline

from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

from sklearn.externals import joblib

df = pd.read_csv('C:/Users/praveen/Downloads/diabetes.csv')

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count = df['Glucose'].value_counts()

display(count)

df.head()

df.describe()

df.mean()

df.mode()

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df.var()

df.std()

df.skew()

Pregnancies 0.901674
Glucose 0.173754
BloodPressure -1.843608
SkinThickness 0.109372
Insulin 2.272251
BMI -0.428982
DiabetesPedigreeFunction 1.919911
Age 1.129597
Outcome 0.635017
dtype: float64

df.kurtosis()

Pregnancies 0.159220
Glucose 0.640780
BloodPressure 5.180157
SkinThickness -0.520072

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Insulin 7.214260
BMI
DiabetesPedigreeFunction 5.594954
Age 0.643159
Outcome -1.600930
dtype: float64

corr = df.corr()

sns.heatmap(corr,
xticklabels=corr.columns,

yticklabels=corr.columns)

sns.countplot('Outcome', data=df)

plt.show()

# Computing the %age of diabetic and non-diabetic in the sample

Out0=len([df.Outcome==1])

Out1=len([df.Outcome==0])
Total=Out0+Out1
PC_of_1 = Out1*100/Total

PC_of_0 = Out0*100/Total

PC_of_1, PC_of_0

(50.0, 50.0)

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plt.figure(dpi = 120,figsize= (5,4))

mask = np.triu(np.ones_like(df.corr(),dtype = bool))

sns.heatmap(df.corr(),mask = mask, fmt = ".2f",annot=True,lw=1,cmap = 'plasma')

plt.yticks(rotation = 0)

plt.xticks(rotation = 90)
plt.title('Correlation Heatmap')

plt.show()

RESULT:
Thus various exploratory data analysis has been performed on Pima Indians
Diabetes dataset using Python Programming successfully.

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Exp. No. 6. Apply and explore various plotting functions on UCI data sets.
a. Normal curves
b. Density and contour plots
c. Correlation and scatter plots
d. Histograms
e. Three dimensional plotting
Aim:
To apply various plotting functions on UCI data set using Python Programming
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Import the required packages

Step 3: Load Files (excel/csv/ text) into a Data Frame from UCI data set

Step 4: Describe the data set using built in method

Step 5: Compute Frequency, Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation,

Step 6: Visualize the data set using Explore various plotting functions on UCI data
sets for the following

a. Normal curves

b. Density and contour plots

c. Correlation and scatter plots

d. Histograms

e. Three-dimensional plotting

Step 7: Analyse the sample data and do the required operations

Step 8: Stop the program

a. Normal curves
Program
import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

df=pd.read_csv("C:/Users/praveen/Downloads/dataset_diabetes/diabetic_data.cs
38
v")

df.head()

mean =df['time_in_hospital'].mean()

std =df['time_in_hospital'].std()

x_axis = np.arange(1, 10, 0.01)

plt.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, std))

plt.show()

b. Density and contour plots

Program
df.time_in_hospital.plot.density(color='green')

plt.title('Density plot for time_in_hospital')

plt.show()

Program
# for 'tip' attribute

# using plot.kde()

df.number_emergency.plot.kde(color='green')

plt.title('KDE-Density

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plot for number_emergency') plt.show()

df.num_lab_procedures.plot.density(color='green')

plt.title('Density Plot for num_lab_procedures')

plt.show()

df.num_medications.plot.density(color='green')

plt.title('Density Plot for num_medications')

plt.show(

Program
def func(x, y):

return np.sin(x) ** 2 + np.cos(y) **2

# generate 50 values b/w 0 a5

mean =df['time_in_hospital'].mean()

std =df['time_in_hospital'].std()

x = np.linspace(0, mean)
y = np.linspace(0, std)

# Generate combination of grids

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = func(X, Y)

# Draw rectangular contour plot

plt.contour(X, Y, Z, cmap='gist_rainbow_r');

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c. Correlation and scatter plots
Program
mp.figure(figsize=(20,10))

dataplot = sb.heatmap(data.corr(), cmap="YlGnBu", annot=True)

d. Histograms
Program
df.hist(figsize=(12,12),layout=(5,3))
# plotting histogram for carat using distplot()

sb.distplot(a=df.num_lab_procedures, kde=False)

# visualizing plot using matplotlib.pyplot library

plt.show()

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e. Three dimensional plotting
Program
fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d')

x = df['number_emergency']

x = pd.Series(x, name= '')

y = df['number_inpatient']

y = pd.Series(x, name= '')

z = df['number_outpatient']

z = pd.Series(x, name= '')

ax.plot3D(x, y, z, 'green')

ax.set_title('3D line plot diabetes dataset')

plt.show()

RESULT:
Thus apply various plotting functions on UCI data set using Python Programming

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Exp. No. 7. Visualizing Geographic Data with Basemap
Aim:
To visualize Geographic Data using BaseMap module in Python Programming
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Import the required packages

Step 3: Visualize Geographic Data with Basemap

Step 4: Display the Base map using built in method like basemap along with latitude
and longitude parameters

Step 5: Display the Coastal lines meters and Country boundaries using built in
methods

Step 6: Fill the Coastal lines meters and Country boundaries with suitable colours

Step 7: Create a global map with a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection, Orthographic

Projection, Robinson Projection

Step 8: Stop the program

Create a global map with a Ortho Projection

Program
%matplotlib inline
import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))

m = Basemap(projection='ortho', resolution=None, lat_0=50, lon_0=-100)

m.bluemarble(scale=0.5);

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Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))

m = Basemap(projection='lcc', resolution=None,

width=8E6, height=8E6,

lat_0=45, lon_0=-100,)

m.etopo(scale=0.5, alpha=0.5)

# Map (long, lat) to (x, y) for plotting

x, y = m(-122.3, 47.6)
plt.plot(x, y, 'ok', markersize=5)

plt.text(x, y, ' INDIA', fontsize=12);

Create a global map with a Coastlines

Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (12,12))

m = Basemap()

m.drawcoastlines()

plt.title("Coastlines", fontsize=20)

plt.show()

Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (12,12))

m = Basemap()
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=1.0, linestyle='dashed', color='red')

plt.title("Coastlines", fontsize=20)
plt.show()

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Create a global map with a Country boundaries Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (12,12))
m = Basemap()

m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=1.0, linestyle='solid', color='black')

m.drawcountries()

plt.title("Country boundaries", fontsize=20)

x, y = m(-122.3, 47.6)

plt.plot(x, y, 'ok', markersize=5)

plt.text(x, y, ' INDIA', fontsize=12);

plt.show()

Create a global map with a Mercator Projection Program

fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10,8))

m = Basemap(projection='merc',llcrnrlat=-80,urcrnrlat=80,llcrnrlon=-
180,urcrnrlon=180)

m.drawcoastlines()

m.fillcontinents(color='tan',lake_color='lightblue')

m.drawcountries(linewidth=1, linestyle='solid', color='k' )

m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='lightblue')

plt.title("Mercator Projection", fontsize=20)

Create a global map with a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection

Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10,8))
m = Basemap(projection='cyl',llcrnrlat=-80,urcrnrlat=80,llcrnrlon=-180,urcrnrlon=180)
m.drawcoastlines()
m.fillcontinents(color='tan',lake_color='lightblue')
m.drawcountries(linewidth=1, linestyle='solid', color='k' )
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m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='lightblue')
plt.title(" Cylindrical Equidistant Projection", fontsize=20)

Create a global map with Orthographic Projection

Program
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10,8))
m = Basemap(projection='ortho', lon_0 = 25, lat_0 = 10)
m.drawcoastlines()
m.fillcontinents(color='tan',lake_color='lightblue')
m.drawcountries(linewidth=1, linestyle='solid', color='k' )
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='lightblue')
plt.title("Orthographic Projection", fontsize=18)

Create a global map with a Robinson Projection Program

fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10,8))
m = Basemap(projection='robin',llcrnrlat=-80,urcrnrlat=80,llcrnrlon=-180,urcrnrlon=180,
lon_0 = 0, lat_0 = 0)
m.drawcoastlines()
m.fillcontinents(color='tan',lake_color='lightblue')
m.drawcountries(linewidth=1, linestyle='solid', color='k' )
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='lightblue')
plt.title(" Robinson Projection", fontsize=20)

RESULT
Thus Geographic Data has been visualized using BaseMap module in Python
Programming successfully.

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