Name : Sahil Khan

Enrollment : A023167023139

B.Tech CSE Data Science – 3X

Object Oriented Programming Using

C++

ASSIGNMENT
1. Simple C++ Programs to Implement Various Control Structures. a. If
statement b. Switch case statement and do while loop c. For loop d.
While loop

a- If statement

#include <iostream>

int main() {

int number;

std::cout << "Enter an integer: ";

std::cin >> number;

if (number > 0) {

std::cout << "The number is positive." << std::endl;

} else if (number < 0) {

std::cout << "The number is negative." << std::endl;

} else {

std::cout << "The number is zero." << std::endl;

return 0;

b- Switch case and do while statement

#include <iostream>

int main() {

int day;

do {

std::cout << "Enter a number (1-7) for the day of the week (0 to
exit): ";
std::cin >> day;

switch (day) {

case 1:

std::cout << "Monday" << std::endl;

break;

case 2:

std::cout << "Tuesday" << std::endl;

break;

case 3:

std::cout << "Wednesday" << std::endl;

break;

case 4:

std::cout << "Thursday" << std::endl;

break;

case 5:

std::cout << "Friday" << std::endl;

break;

case 6:

std::cout << "Saturday" << std::endl;

break;

case 7:

std::cout << "Sunday" << std::endl;

break;

case 0:

std::cout << "Exiting..." << std::endl;

break;

default:
std::cout << "Invalid input, please enter a number between 1-
7." << std::endl;

} while (day != 0);

return 0;

c- For loop

#include <iostream>

int main() {

std::cout << "The first 10 natural numbers are: ";

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) {

std::cout << i << " ";

std::cout << std::endl;

return 0;

d- While loop

#include <iostream>

int main() {

int number;

int sum = 0;
std::cout << "Enter integers to sum (0 to end): ";

while (true) {

std::cin >> number;

if (number == 0) {

break; // Exit the loop if the input is zero

sum += number;

std::cout << "The total sum is: " << sum << std::endl;

return 0;

2. Programs to Understand Structure & Unions. a. Structure b. union

a- Structure
#include <iostream>
struct Person {
char name[50];
int age;
float height;
};

int main() {
Person person;
std::cout << "Enter name: ";
std::cin.getline(person.name, 50);
std::cout << "Enter age: ";
std::cin >> person.age;
std::cout << "Enter height (in meters): ";
std::cin >> person.height;

std::cout << "\nPerson Details:\n";

std::cout << "Name: " << person.name << "\n";
std::cout << "Age: " << person.age << "\n";
std::cout << "Height: " << person.height << " m\n";

return 0;
}

b- union
#include <iostream>

union Data {
int intValue;
float floatValue;
char charValue;
};

int main() {
Data data;
data.intValue = 5;
std::cout << "Data as Integer: " << data.intValue << std::endl;

data.floatValue = 3.14f;
std::cout << "Data as Float: " << data.floatValue << std::endl;

data.charValue = 'A';
std::cout << "Data as Char: " << data.charValue << std::endl;

std::cout << "Data as Integer after overwriting: " << data.intValue <<
std::endl;

return 0;
}

3. Programs to Understand Pointer Arithmetic.

a- Basic pointer arithmetic

#include <iostream>

int main() {
int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int* ptr = arr; // Pointing to the first element of the array

std::cout << "Array elements using pointer arithmetic:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::cout << "Element " << i << ": " << *(ptr + i) << std::endl; // Accessing
elements using pointer
}

return 0;
}

b- Pointer arithmetic with characters array

#include <iostream>

int main() {
char str[] = "Hello, World!";
char* ptr = str; // Pointer to the first character

std::cout << "Characters in the string using pointer arithmetic:\n";

while (*ptr != '\0') { // Until the null terminator
std::cout << *ptr << " ";
ptr++; // Move to the next character
}

std::cout << std::endl;

return 0;
}

c- Pointer arithmetic for array manipulation

#include <iostream>
int main() {
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int* ptr = arr; // Pointer to the first element

// Modify array elements using pointer arithmetic

for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
*(ptr + i) *= 2; // Double each element
}

std::cout << "Array elements after modification:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::cout << arr[i] << " "; // Print modified elements
}

std::cout << std::endl;

return 0;
}

4. Inline functions

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class InlineExample {
public:
inline int square(int x) {
return x * x;
}

inline int cube(int x) {

return x * x * x;
}
};

int main() {
InlineExample obj;

int number;

cout << "Enter a number: ";

cin >> number;

cout << "Square of " << number << " is: " << obj.square(number) << endl;
cout << "Cube of " << number << " is: " << obj.cube(number) << endl;

return 0;
}
5. Programs to Understand Different Function Call Mechanism. a. Call by
reference & Call by Value

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void swapByValue(int a, int b) {

int temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
cout << "Inside swapByValue: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
}

int main() {
int x = 10, y = 20;

cout << "Before swapByValue: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;

swapByValue(x, y);

cout << "After swapByValue: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;

return 0;
}

B- Call by refrence
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void swapByReference(int &a, int &b) {

int temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
cout << "Inside swapByReference: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
}

int main() {
int x = 10, y = 20;

cout << "Before swapByReference: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;

swapByReference(x, y);

cout << "After swapByReference: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;

return 0;
}

6. Programs to Understand Storage Specifiers.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void autoSpecifier() {
auto x = 10;
cout << "Auto specifier: " << x << endl;
}

void staticSpecifier() {
static int count = 0;
count++;
cout << "Static specifier: " << count << endl;
}

extern int externVariable;

void externSpecifier() {
cout << "Extern specifier: " << externVariable << endl;
}

int main() {
autoSpecifier();

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

staticSpecifier();
}

externSpecifier();

return 0;
}
int externVariable = 100;

7. Constructor and destructor

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Demo {
private:
int number;

public:
// Constructor
Demo() {
cout << "Constructor called!" << endl;
number = 0;
}

// Parameterized Constructor
Demo(int num) {
cout << "Parameterized Constructor called!" << endl;
number = num;
}

// Destructor
~Demo() {
cout << "Destructor called for object with number: " << number << endl;
}

// Function to display the value of 'number'

void display() {
cout << "Number: " << number << endl;
}
};

int main() {
Demo obj1; // Constructor is called
Demo obj2(42); // Parameterized constructor is called

obj1.display();
obj2.display();

// Destructor will be called automatically when obj1 and obj2 go out of scope
return 0;
}

8. Programs to Implement Inheritance and Function Overriding. a. Multiple

inheritance –Access Specifiers b. Hierarchical inheritance – Function
Overriding /Virtual Function 11. Programs to Overload Unary & Binary
Operators as Member Function & Non Member Function. a. Unary
operator as member function b. Binary operator as non member function