Scribd
Upload
25 views36 pages

CPC06 Advance Web Development2

coding

Uploaded by

Banjo De Los Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views36 pages

CPC06 Advance Web Development2

coding

Uploaded by

Banjo De Los Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

What is HTML?

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language


• HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
• HTML describes the structure of a Web page
• HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
• HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph",
"this is a link", etc.

A Simple HTML Document


Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

• The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
• The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
• The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
• The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's
title bar or in the page's tab)
• The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible
contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
• The <h1> element defines a large heading
• The <p> element defines a paragraph

What is an HTML Element?

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Start tag Element content End tag

<h1> My First Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph. </p>

<br> none none

Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called
empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!

HTML Page Structure


Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

<html>
<head>
<title>Page title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

Note: The content inside the <body> section (the white area above) will be displayed in a
browser. The content inside the <title> element will be shown in the browser's title bar or in the
page's tab.
HTML Editors
A simple text editor is all you need to learn HTML.

Learn HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit

Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.

However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit
(Mac).

We believe in that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.

Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit.

Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)

Windows 8 or later:

Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad.

Windows 7 or earlier:

Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad

Step 1: Open TextEdit (Mac)

Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit

Also change some preferences to get the application to save files correctly. In Preferences >
Format > choose "Plain Text"

Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Display HTML files as HTML code
instead of formatted text".

Then open a new document to place the code.

Step 2: Write Some HTML

Write or copy the following HTML code into Notepad:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Step 3: Save the HTML Page

Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.

Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding for
HTML files).

Tip: You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference, it is up to you.

Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser

Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-click - and
choose "Open with").
The result will look much like this:

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration


The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web
pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

<!DOCTYPE html>
Basic HTML Tags

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important
heading:

Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as
attributes:

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">

How to View HTML Source?


Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

View HTML Source Code:


Right-click in an HTML page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or
"View Source" (in Edge), or similar in other browsers. This will open a window
containing the HTML source code of the page.

Inspect an HTML Element:


Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" or "Inspect
Element" to see what elements are made up of (you will see both the HTML and
the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or
Styles panel that opens.

HTML Attributes

HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

• All HTML elements can have attributes


• Attributes provide additional information about elements
• Attributes are always specified in the start tag
• Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

The href Attribute

The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link goes
to:
Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">Visit W3Schools</a>

You will learn more about links in our HTML Links chapter.

The src Attribute

The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute specifies the path
to the image to be displayed:

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg">

There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:

1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website. Example:
src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".

Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use it, you
may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external images; it can
suddenly be removed or changed.

2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the URL does not
include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be relative to the current
page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a slash, it will be relative to the
domain. Example: src="/images/img_girl.jpg".

Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you change domain.

The width and height Attributes

The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specifies the width and
height of the image (in pixels):

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">

The alt Attribute

The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image
for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to slow connection, or an error in
the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader.

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
Example

See what happens if we try to display an image that does not exist:

<img src="img_typo.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">

You will learn more about images in our HTML Images chapter.

The style Attribute

The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.

Example
<p style="color:red;">This is a red paragraph.</p>

You will learn more about styles in our HTML Styles chapter.

The lang Attribute

You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the language of the
Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.

The following example specifies English as the language:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So, the first two
characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two characters define the country.

The following example specifies English as the language and United States as the country:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

You can see all the language codes in our HTML Language Code Reference.
The title Attribute

The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.

The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the element:

Example
<p title="I'm a tooltip">This is a paragraph.</p>

We Suggest: Always Use Lowercase Attributes

The HTML standard does not require lowercase attribute names.

The title attribute (and all other attributes) can be written with uppercase or lowercase
like title or TITLE.

However, W3C recommends lowercase attributes in HTML, and demands lowercase attributes
for stricter document types like XHTML.

At W3Schools we always use lowercase attribute names.

We Suggest: Always Quote Attribute Values

The HTML standard does not require quotes around attribute values.

However, W3C recommends quotes in HTML, and demands quotes for stricter document types
like XHTML.

Good:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
Bad:
<a href=https://www.w3schools.com/html/>Visit our HTML tutorial</a>

Sometimes you have to use quotes. This example will not display the title attribute correctly,
because it contains a space:

Example
<p title=About W3Schools>

At W3Schools we always use quotes around attribute values.

Single or Double Quotes?

Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single quotes can also
be used.
In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is necessary to use
single quotes:

<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>

Or vice versa:

<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">

HTML Headings
HTML headings are titles or subtitles that you want to display on a webpage.

Example

Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 3
Heading 4
Heading 5
Heading 6

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important
heading.

Example
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
<h4>Heading 4</h4>
<h5>Heading 5</h5>
<h6>Heading 6</h6>
Headings Are Important
Search engines use the headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.

Users often skim a page by its headings. It is important to use headings to show the document
structure.

<h1> headings should be used for main headings, followed by <h2> headings, then the less
important <h3>, and so on.

Note: Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.

Bigger Headings
Each HTML heading has a default size. However, you can specify the size for any heading with
the style attribute, using the CSS font-size property:

Example
<h1 style="font-size:60px;">Heading 1</h1>

HTML Paragraphs

A paragraph always starts on a new line, and is usually a block of text.

HTML Paragraphs

The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph.

A paragraph always starts on a new line, and browsers automatically add some white space (a
margin) before and after a paragraph.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
HTML Display

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed.

Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results.

With HTML, you cannot change the display by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML
code.

The browser will automatically remove any extra spaces and lines when the page is displayed:

Example
<p>
This paragraph
contains a lot of lines
in the source code,
but the browser
ignores it.
</p>

<p>
This paragraph
contains a lot of spaces
in the source code,
but the browser
ignores it.
</p>

HTML Horizontal Rules

The <hr> tag defines a thematic break in an HTML page, and is most often displayed as a
horizontal rule.

The <hr> element is used to separate content (or define a change) in an HTML page:

Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<p>This is some text.</p>
<hr>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<p>This is some other text.</p>
<hr>

The <hr> tag is an empty tag, which means that it has no end tag.
HTML Line Breaks

The HTML <br> element defines a line break.

Use <br> if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example
<p>This is<br>a paragraph<br>with line breaks.</p>

The <br> tag is an empty tag, which means that it has no end tag.

HTML Comments

HTML comments are not displayed in the browser, but they can help document your HTML
source code.

HTML Comment Tags

You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax:

<!-- Write your comments here -->

Notice that there is an exclamation point (!) in the start tag, but not in the end tag.

Note: Comments are not displayed by the browser, but they can help document your HTML
source code.

With comments you can place notifications and reminders in your HTML code:

Example
<!-- This is a comment -->

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<!-- Remember to add more information here -->


Comments are also great for debugging HTML, because you can comment out HTML lines of
code, one at a time, to search for errors:

Example
<!-- Do not display this image at the moment
<img border="0" src="pic_trulli.jpg" alt="Trulli">
-->

HTML Lists
HTML lists allow web developers to group a set of related items in lists.

Example

An unordered HTML list:

• Item
• Item
• Item
• Item

An ordered HTML list:

1. First item
2. Second item
3. Third item
4. Fourth item

Unordered HTML List


An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

The list items will be marked with bullets (small black circles) by default:

Example
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Ordered HTML List

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

The list items will be marked with numbers by default:

Example
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

HTML Description Lists


HTML also supports description lists.

A description list is a list of terms, with a description of each term.

The <dl> tag defines the description list, the <dt> tag defines the term (name), and the <dd> tag
describes each term:

Example
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>

HTML List Tags

Tag Description

<ul> Defines an unordered list

<ol> Defines an ordered list

<li> Defines a list item


<dl> Defines a description list

<dt> Defines a term in a description list

<dd> Describes the term in a description list

HTML Tables
HTML tables allow web developers to arrange data into rows and columns.

Example
Company Contact Country

Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Germany

Centro comercial Moctezuma Francisco Chang Mexico

Ernst Handel Roland Mendel Austria

Island Trading Helen Bennett UK

Laughing Bacchus Winecellars Yoshi Tannamuri Canada

Magazzini Alimentari Riuniti Giovanni Rovelli Italy

Define an HTML Table


The <table> tag defines an HTML table.

Each table row is defined with a <tr> tag. Each table header is defined with a <th> tag. Each table
data/cell is defined with a <td> tag.

By default, the text in <th> elements are bold and centered.

By default, the text in <td> elements are regular and left-aligned.


Example
A simple HTML table:

<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>

Note: The <td> elements are the data containers of the table.
They can contain all sorts of HTML elements; text, images, lists, other tables,
etc.

HTML Images
Images can improve the design and the appearance of a web page.

HTML Images Syntax

The HTML <img> tag is used to embed an image in a web page.

Images are not technically inserted into a web page; images are linked to web pages.
The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced image.

The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag.

The <img> tag has two required attributes:

• src - Specifies the path to the image


• alt - Specifies an alternate text for the image

Syntax
<img src="url" alt="alternatetext">
The src Attribute

The required src attribute specifies the path (URL) to the image.

Note: When a web page loads; it is the browser, at that moment, that gets the image from a web
server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the image actually stays in the same
spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken
link icon and the alt text are shown if the browser cannot find the image.

Example
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">

The alt Attribute

The required alt attribute provides an alternate text for an image, if the user for some reason
cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a
screen reader).

The value of the alt attribute should describe the image:

Example
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">

If a browser cannot find an image, it will display the value of the alt attribute:

Example
<img src="wrongname.gif" alt="Flowers in Chania">

Tip: A screen reader is a software program that reads the HTML code, and allows the user to
"listen" to the content. Screen readers are useful for people who are visually impaired or learning
disabled.

Image Size - Width and Height

You can use the style attribute to specify the width and height of an image.

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" style="width:500px;height:600px;">

Alternatively, you can use the width and height attributes:

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" width="500" height="600">

The width and height attributes always define the width and height of the image in pixels.

Note: Always specify the width and height of an image. If width and height are not specified, the
web page might flicker while the image loads.
Width and Height, or Style?

The width, height, and style attributes are all valid in HTML.

However, we suggest using the style attribute. It prevents styles sheets from changing the size of
images:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
img {
width: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" width="128" height="128">

<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px;">

</body>
</html>

Images in Another Folder

If you have your images in a sub-folder, you must include the folder name in the src attribute:

Example
<img src="/images/html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px;">

Images on Another Server/Website

Some web sites point to an image on another server.

To point to an image on another server, you must specify an absolute (full) URL in
the src attribute:

Example
<img src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_green.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com">

Notes on external images: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get
permission to use it, you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control
external images; it can suddenly be removed or changed.
Animated Images

HTML allows animated GIFs:

Example
<img src="programming.gif" alt="Computer Man" style="width:48px;height:48px;">

Image as a Link

To use an image as a link, put the <img> tag inside the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="default.asp">
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:42px;height:42px;">
</a>

Image Floating

Use the CSS float property to let the image float to the right or to the left of a text:

Example
<p><img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" style="float:right;width:42px;height:42px;">
The image will float to the right of the text.</p>

<p><img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" style="float:left;width:42px;height:42px;">


The image will float to the left of the text.</p>

Tip: To learn more about CSS Float, read our CSS Float Tutorial.

Common Image Formats

Here are the most common image file types, which are supported in all browsers (Chrome, Edge,
Firefox, Safari, Opera):

Abbreviation File Format File Extension

APNG Animated Portable Network Graphics .apng

GIF Graphics Interchange Format .gif


ICO Microsoft Icon .ico, .cur

JPEG Joint Photographic Expert Group image .jpg, .jpeg, .jfif,


.pjpeg, .pjp

PNG Portable Network Graphics .png

SVG Scalable Vector Graphics .svg

Note: Loading large images takes time, and can slow down your web page. Use images
carefully.

HTML Image Maps

With HTML image maps, you can create clickable areas on an image.

Image Maps
The HTML <map> tag defines an image map. An image map is an image with clickable areas. The
areas are defined with one or more <area> tags.

Try to click on the computer, phone, or the cup of coffee in the image below:
Example
Here is the HTML source code for the image map above:

<img src="workplace.jpg" alt="Workplace" usemap="#workmap">

<map name="workmap">
<area shape="rect" coords="34,44,270,350" alt="Computer" href="computer.htm">
<area shape="rect" coords="290,172,333,250" alt="Phone" href="phone.htm">
<area shape="circle" coords="337,300,44" alt="Coffee" href="coffee.htm">
</map>

How Does it Work?


The idea behind an image map is that you should be able to perform different actions depending
on where in the image you click.

To create an image map you need an image, and some HTML code that describes the clickable
areas.

The Image

The image is inserted using the <img> tag. The only difference from other images is that you
must add a usemap attribute:

<img src="workplace.jpg" alt="Workplace" usemap="#workmap">


The usemap value starts with a hash tag # followed by the name of the image map, and is used to
create a relationship between the image and the image map.

Tip: You can use any image as an image map!

Create Image Map

Then, add a <map> element.

The <map> element is used to create an image map, and is linked to the image by using the
required name attribute:

<map name="workmap">

The name attribute must have the same value as the <img>'s usemap attribute .

The Areas

Then, add the clickable areas.

A clickable area is defined using an <area> element.

Shape

You must define the shape of the clickable area, and you can choose one of these values:

• rect - defines a rectangular region


• circle - defines a circular region
• poly - defines a polygonal region
• default - defines the entire region

You must also define some coordinates to be able to place the clickable area onto the image.

Shape="rect"

The coordinates for shape="rect" come in pairs, one for the x-axis and one for the y-axis.

So, the coordinates 34,44 is located 34 pixels from the left margin and 44 pixels from the top:
The coordinates 270,350 is located 270 pixels from the left margin and 350 pixels from the top:

Now we have enough data to create a clickable rectangular area:

Example
<area shape="rect" coords="34, 44, 270, 350" href="computer.htm">

This is the area that becomes clickable and will send the user to the page "computer.htm":
Shape="circle"

To add a circle area, first locate the coordinates of the center of the circle:

337,300

Then specify the radius of the circle:

44 pixels
Now you have enough data to create a clickable circular area:

Example
<area shape="circle" coords="337, 300, 44" href="coffee.htm">

This is the area that becomes clickable and will send the user to the page "coffee.htm":
Shape="poly"

The shape="poly" contains several coordinate points, which creates a shape formed with straight
lines (a polygon).

This can be used to create any shape.

Like maybe a croissant shape!

How can we make the croissant in the image below become a clickable link?

We have to find the x and y coordinates for all edges of the croissant:
The coordinates come in pairs, one for the x-axis and one for the y-axis:

Example
<area shape="poly" coords="140,121,181,116,204,160,204,222,191,270,140,329,85,355,58,352,
37,322,40,259,103,161,128,147" href="croissant.htm">

This is the area that becomes clickable and will send the user to the page "croissant.htm":
Image Map and JavaScript

A clickable area can also trigger a JavaScript function.

Add a click event to the <area> element to execute a JavaScript function:

Example

Here, we use the onclick attribute to execute a JavaScript function when the area is clicked:

<map name="workmap">
<area shape="circle" coords="337,300,44" onclick="myFunction()">
</map>

<script>
function myFunction() {
alert("You clicked the coffee cup!");
}
</script>

Chapter Summary

• Use the HTML <map> element to define an image map


• Use the HTML <area> element to define the clickable areas in the image map
• Use the HTML usemap attribute of the <img> element to point to an image map

HTML Image Tags

Tag Description

<img> Defines an image

<map> Defines an image map

<area> Defines a clickable area inside an image map

<picture> Defines a container for multiple image resources


HTML Background Images
A background image can be specified for almost any HTML element.

Background Image on a HTML element


To add a background image on an HTML element, use the HTML style attribute and the
CSS background-image property:

Example
Add a background image on a HTML element:

<div style="background-image: url('img_girl.jpg');">

You can also specify the background image in the <style> element, in the <head> section:

Example
Specify the background image in the <style> element:

<style>
div {
background-image: url('img_girl.jpg');
}
</style>

Background Image on a Page


If you want the entire page to have a background image, you must specify the background image on
the <body> element:

Example
Add a background image for the entire page:

<style>
body {
background-image: url('img_girl.jpg');
}
</style>
Background Repeat
If the background image is smaller than the element, the image will repeat itself, horizontally and
vertically, until it reaches the end of the element:

Example
<style>
body {
background-image: url('example_img_girl.jpg');
}
</style>

To avoid the background image from repeating itself, set the background-repeat property to no-repeat.

Example
<style>
body {
background-image: url('example_img_girl.jpg');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
</style>

Background Cover
If you want the background image to cover the entire element, you can set the background-
size property to cover.

Also, to make sure the entire element is always covered, set the background-attachment property
to fixed:

This way, the background image will cover the entire element, with no stretching (the image will
keep its original proportions):

Example
<style>
body {
background-image: url('img_girl.jpg');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-size: cover;
}
</style>
Background Stretch
If you want the background image to stretch to fit the entire element, you can set the background-
size property to 100% 100%:

Try resizing the browser window, and you will see that the image will stretch, but always cover the
entire element.

Example
<style>
body {
background-image: url('img_girl.jpg');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-size: 100% 100%;
}
</style>

HTML <picture> Element

The HTML <picture> element allows you to display different pictures for different devices or
screen sizes.
The HTML <picture> Element
The HTML <picture> element gives web developers more flexibility in specifying image resources.

The <picture> element contains one or more <source> elements, each referring to different images
through the srcset attribute. This way the browser can choose the image that best fits the current view
and/or device.

Each <source> element has a media attribute that defines when the image is the most suitable.

Example
Show different images for different screen sizes:

<picture>
<source media="(min-width: 650px)" srcset="img_food.jpg">
<source media="(min-width: 465px)" srcset="img_car.jpg">
<img src="img_girl.jpg">
</picture>

Note: Always specify an <img> element as the last child element of the <picture> element.
The <img> element is used by browsers that do not support the <picture> element, or if none of
the <source> tags match.

When to use the Picture Element


There are two main purposes for the <picture> element:

1. Bandwidth
If you have a small screen or device, it is not necessary to load a large image file. The browser will
use the first <source> element with matching attribute values, and ignore any of the following
elements.

2. Format Support
Some browsers or devices may not support all image formats. By using the <picture> element, you
can add images of all formats, and the browser will use the first format it recognizes, and ignore any
of the following elements.

Example
The browser will use the first image format it recognizes:

<picture>
<source srcset="img_avatar.png">
<source srcset="img_girl.jpg">
<img src="img_beatles.gif" alt="Beatles" style="width:auto;">
</picture>

Note: The browser will use the first <source> element with matching attribute values, and ignore any
following <source> elements.

You might also like