SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND

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37673 1ST SEM – MR. EUGENE JAY AQUINO – WED. THU. 3:30-5:00

● Covers the systematic body of the

MIDTERMS structure and behavior of the physical
and natural world through observation
and experiment
● Knowledge which involved general
TOPIC OVERVIEW
truths and general laws that is taken
A. SCIENCE from a systematic study which is
a. Terminologies concerned with evidences and theories
b. Roles of STS ○ Focuses on the natural world
B. WORLD HISTORY OF STS (physical world not supernatural)
a. Ancient Period ○ Goes through examination (must
b. Medieval Period be tested, number consistent
c. Renaissance Period observation and result)
d. Industrial Revolution (18th ○ Relies on evidence (to support the
Century) truthfulness of a proposition)
e. 19th Century ○ Passes through scientific
f. 20th Century community (go through different
C. INTRODUCTION TO NATION groups of people to qualify idea)
BUILDING
a. Pre-Colonial TECHNOLOGY
b. Spanish Colonial Period ● The science or knowledge put into
c. American Colonial Period realistic use to resolve or invent beneficial
d. Fifth Republic tools
D. NATION BUILDING ● Application of scientific knowledge to the
a. Individuals practical aims of human life
b. Science and Technology (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Competitiveness of the ● From two greek words:
Philippines ○ “Techne” - arts, skills, craft or the
c. Philippine Development Plan way, manner or means by which a
d. Four Filipino National Scientists thing is gained
e. Selected Indigenous ○ “Logos” - word, thought, principle
● William Brian Arthur’s definition:
○ Fulfilling a human purpose
○ Assemblage of practice
1.0 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY ○ Collection of device available to
culture

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY ROLES OF STS

● A discipline that characterized through ● Alter the way human beings live,
active debates, centered on ideas and by connect, communicate and transact with
work shaped by engagement with profound outcomes on economic
modern and past techno scientific issue development
SCIENCE ● Key drivers to development because
● Concentrated human effort to recognize technological and scientific revolutions
the history of the natural world works underpin economic advances, enhanced
with observable physical proof as the in health system, education and
foundation of that understanding, based infrastructures
on facts learned through experiments ● Technological revolutions of the
and observation twenty-first century are rising completely
from completely new sectors, primarily

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based on microprocessors,
telecommunications. Biotechnology and THE AMERICANS
nanotechnology ● EARLY INNOVATIONS (CA 15,000 - 2,500
● Have the strength to better the lives of BCE) - Early American civilizations used
poor human in developing countries bone harpoons for fishing and developed
● Differentiations between nations that are advanced agricultural techniques,
capable to handle poverty effectively by including irrigation systems. They also
means of developing their economics made significant strides in toolmaking
and those that are not and material technology, such as using
● Engine growth reeds for boats.
● Interventions from cognitive ● CULTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL
advancements, proton cancer therapy ACHIEVEMENTS (CA 1,200 - 1,000 BCE) -
and genetic engineering The Olmec civilization created large
stone heads and figurines, while Andean
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS cultures built complex irrigation systems
● If we lived on a planet where nothing and advanced boats, reflecting
changes, there would be little to do. sophisticated societies.
There would be nothing to figure out.
There would be mo impetus for science, ASIA AND OCEANIA
and if we lived in an unpredictable world, ● EARLY TOOLS AND WRITING (CA
where things change in random or very 1,000,000 - 1,000 BCE) - In Asia, early
complex ways, we would not be able to human societies like Homo erectus used
figure things out but we live in an stone tools and developed early forms of
in-between universe where things writing on bamboo and bark paper.
change but according to patterns, rules, China made significant advances with
or as we call them, laws of nature. inventions such as the wheel, anchor,
and early uses of natural gas.
● SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
2.0 WORLD HISTORY OF STS
INNOVATIONS (CA 3,500 - 850 BCE) -
Asia saw developments in agriculture
with the invention of the plow and
2.1 ANCIENT PERIOD (CA 3,500 - 500 A.D) advancements in medicine, astronomy,
and calendar systems. China, in
EUROPE particular, made notable contributions in
● EARLY TOOLMAKING AND these areas, including acupuncture and
AGRICULTURE (CA 1,000,000 - 7,500 early writing systems.
BCE) - Early European societies, like
those represented by Homo erectus, AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST
used stone tools and began refining ● EARLY DEVELOPMENTS AND
tool-making techniques. AGRICULTURE (CA 15,000 - 2,500 BCE) -
● TECHNOLOGICAL AND ARTISTIC In Africa, societies used bone harpoons
DEVELOPMENTS (CA 10,000 - 2,500 for fishing and developed early irrigation
BCE) - Europe saw the use of clay pots techniques. The Middle East, particularly
and sophisticated tools for various Mesopotamia, saw the invention of the
purposes. Notable developments include wheel and early record-keeping with clay
the invention of the wheel and advances tokens.
in art and architecture, with evidence of ● CULTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL
early settlements and structured ACHIEVEMENTS (CA 4,000 - 1,000 BCE)
societies. - Egypt developed hieroglyphics,

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constructed monumental architecture ● Used for more than 300 years with a rate
like pyramids, and created a 365-day of 250 sheets per hour printed on one
calendar. Mesopotamia made significant side
advances in mathematics, astronomy,
and writing. Both regions contributed to
2.3 RENAISSANCE PERIOD (14TH - 17TH
early scientific and technological
CENTURY)
progress.

BRIDGE TO MODERN SCIENCE

2.2 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
● “Renaissance” - rebirth
○ Marking cultural revival that set
DARK AGES the stage for later scientific
● considered to be one of the creative advancements
periods in the history of humans and is ● Laid the foundation for modern science,
said to be the start of the first industrial influencing future discoveries and
revolution. The term 'Dark Ages' came up technological progress
because there are few written records
that remained from the said era. There is PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
very little evidence to support that there ● Revolutionized the spread of knowledge
was progress in society during the and preservation of culture
periods 500 to 1500. ● Inventor: Johannes Gutenberg
○ Developed the movable type
CHARLEMAGNE (742-814) printing press in Mainz, Germany
● Medieval emperor who ruled Western 1450 - 1455
Europe in 800-814, tried to establish a ○ This allowed for the mass
scholastic tradition. production of books
● The Gutenberg Bible
SCHOLASTIC TRADITION ○ First book printed in the printing
● The later Middle Ages (1250 - 1500 AD), press
saw advancements in the philosophy of ● Spread of Mass Printing
science and the refinement of the ○ 1500, Europe has produces
scientific method. Far from being 6,000,000 copies of books,
backwards-medieval society, significantly enhancing
overshadowed by Islam and Byzanthium, communication and accessibility
scholasticism acted as a nucleus for the to information
Renaissance and the Enlightenment.
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1543)
DISCOVERIES AND NEW INVENTIONS ● Proposed the Heliocentric Model,
● There was greater advancement in suggesting that the Sun, not the Earth is
technology and adaptation of eastern the center of the solar system. The theory
technologies in the West. challenged the prevailing geocentric
● Vertical Windmill, Spectacles, Mechanical views and faced opposition from the
Clocks, Water Mills, Three-field Crop Catholic Church.
Rotation, Gothic Style Buildings.
GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)
PRINTING PRESS ● Improved the telescope
● Johannes Gutenberg (Ca. 1395-1468) ● Discovered celestial bodies like Jupiter’s
● Inspired by ancient wine-and-olive press moons, and supported Copernicus’
heliocentric theory.

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● His ○ Scientific and Technological

work in motion experiments laid the ● Social Needs
groundwork for Newtonian physics. ○ Combination of social needs and
resources in Britain
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT
● Renaissance began in Italy in the 14th FACTORS AND OUTCOME
century and eventually influenced other ● Factors
European countries ○ Good fortune
● Connects the period of the Middle Ages ○ Conscious effort by Britain
to modern history ● Outcome
○ Commercially successful
INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT innovation
● Historians often view the Renaissance as ○ Socially capable of:
an intellectual and cultural movement ■ Sustaining rapid change
rather than a strict historical period, technological change
emphasizing its long roots and influence ■ Institutionalizing
on modern history technological advances

TECHNOLOGICAL INFLUENCES MAJOR SETBACKS

● Printing Press Origins ● Skilled workers: replaced by machine
● Woodblock printing from China (600-700 operators
AD) and papermaking reached Spain in ● Labor force: increased of women and
the 12th century. Flemish oil painting children
contributed to new printing inks. ● Transition: manual labor to machine
○ Gutenberg combined these operation, craftsmen to tradespersons,
technologies on around 1440 with amateur inventors to applied scientists
movable type to create a new
printing method that transformed KEY TECHNOLOGIES
communication ● IRON PRODUCTION
○ Foundation for building
2.4 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (18TH machinery, infrastructure and
CENTURY) tools
○ Development of better smelting
processes and higher quality iron
TRANSFORMING LABOR AND PRODUCTION ● STEAM ENGINE
● 1760 - 1840 ○ Improved by James Watt
● Began in Great Britain, spread to Europe, (1736-1819) and other investors
America and Asia post-1778
● From hand labor to machine-based ○ Powered machines, crucial for
production mechanization and industrial
processes
KEY CHANGES ○ Enabled complex machinery,
● Production drove industrial growth
○ Fundamental change in how ● TEXTILES
goods were produced ○ Revolutionized fabric production
● Living with mechanized processes
○ Altered the way people live ○ Introduction of spinning and
CHARACTERISTICS weaving machines for mass
● Advancements production

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HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ (1821-1907)

ADDITIONAL NOTABLE CONTRIBUTORS ● Formulated the law of the Conversation
● MACHINE TOOLS of Energy in 1847. In 1851, he invented the
● Contributors: Henry Maudslay (1771-1831) ophthalmoscope.
and Joseph Whitworth (1803-1887)
● Impact: Standardized manufacturing, PHYSICS
improved precision, and efficiency in JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1831-1879)
machine production ● Showed that the light is an
electromagnetic wave in 1873 and was
INVENTOR later on proved by Heinrich Hertz
(1857-1894) in 1888.
INVENTOR INVENTION HENRI BECQUEREL (1852-1908)
● Discovered radioactive in 1896.
Robert Fulton Steamboat that used MARIE CURIE (1867-1934) AND PIERRE CURIE
(1765-1815) one of Watt’s engines (1859-1906)
● Discovered radium in 1898;
Thomas Edison Light Bulb JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON
(1847-1931) ● Discovered electrons in 1897.

Alexander Graham Telephone ELECTRICITY

Bell HANS CHRISTIAN OERSTED
(1847-1922) ● Discovered that electric currents create
magnetic fields, which was the first
George Stephenson First Steam-powered connection found between electricity
(1781 - 1848) locomotive and magnetism
○ Compass needle
MICHAEL FARADAY
● Showed that a magnet can produce
2.5 19TH CENTURY electricity and invented dynamo in 1831.
SAMUEL F.B. MORSE
● Invented electric telegraph in 1837. Also
RISE OF MODERN INDUSTRY developed “lightning wires” and “morse
● From agriculture to industrial code”, an electronic alphabet that carries
manufacturing and technology-intensive messages.
services
● 1801-1900, based on Gregorian Calendar STEAM ENGINES
● Considered to be “The Age of Machine ● Railways revolutionized traveling and
Tools” made travel faster. Steam locomotives
● Invention of useable electricity, steel and pulled the carriages.
petroleum products led into a second KARL BENZE (1844-1929) & GOTTLIEB
industrial revolution during the 19th DAIMLER (1834-1900)
century ● Made the first cars in 1885 and 1886.

SCIENCE
JOHN DALTON (1766-1844) 2.6 20TH CENTURY
● Published Atomic theory in 1803 and also
studied color blindness CENTURY OF CHANGE
DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834-1907) ● Had a huge impact in society as many
● Formulated the periodic table new technologies were developed and

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scientific discoveries were made that 4004 MICROPROCESSOR

upgraded communication and ● Federico Faggin, Marcian E. (Ted) Hoff,
transportation systems. and Stan Mazor
● First intel microprocessor in 1971
TECHNOLOGY COMMUNICATION APPLE
● To distinguish the difference between ● Founded by Steve Jobs (1955-2011) and
new and old communication technology Steve Wozniak (1950)
is when the product is no longer used for ● Apple I - first among computers to offer
its original purpose. video output
● “Old” meaning the technological INTERNET
developments that originated hundreds ● Origin was traced back 1950’s
of years ago are considered old during ● Researchers developed “time-sharing” to
the present technological advancements allow users to access mainframe
computers
TECHNOLOGY TRANSPORTATION ● APRANet (1969)- first packet-switching
● Military Research and development network and a defense-related project
brought about the rise of electronic ● World Wide Web (1989) - transformed the
computing jet engines. internet into a global tool for
communication and everyday activities.
ELECTRONIC COMPUTING DEVICES ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
● ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR ● Dartmouth Conference (1956) -
AND CALCULATOR (ENIAC) - first considered to be the birthplace of AI.
electronic general-purpose computer. ● John Mccarthy
● ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE ○ American Computer Scientist and
AUTOMATIC COMPUTER (EDVAC) - also Cognitive Scientist
part of the first generation of computer ○ "The Father of Al", organized the
like ENIAC. conference and developed the
● DESKTOP COMPUTERS (1971) - personal LISP programming language.
micro computer system that the user can ● Alan Turing
place in a desk and work ○ British Mathematician
● LAPTOP AND NOTEBOOK COMPUTERS ○ Proposed the Turing Test to
- microcomputer that is so compact determine whether a machine
● PALMTOP COMPUTERS - handheld could be considered intelligent.
computers. ● Marvin Minsky
○ Professor at MIT
JET ENGINES ○ Focused on creating machines
● Hans Pabst von Ohain - designed the that could learn from experience
first operational jet engines and powered and adapt to new situations, and
the first jet-aircraft on August 27, 1939 co-founded the MIT Al Lab.
RADIO ● Herbert Simon
● Form of mass media and sound ○ American Political Scientist
communication by radio waves ○ Introduced the concept of
TELEPHONE bounded rationality, which
● Telecommunication device that permits suggests that humans make
two or more users to conduct decisions based on limited
conversation information and cognitive
resources. This concept has been
GREATEST TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS incorporated into many Al
IN THE 20TH CENTURY algorithms.

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● Arthur Samuel ● Provided the philippines with modern

○ American Computer Scientist means of construction (walls, roads,
○ Developed the first self-learning bridges, other large infrastructures) built
program called "Checkers," which by engineering skills from the spaniards
improved its performance over ● Spanish government developed health
time by playing against itself and and education systems that were
learning from its mistakes. This enjoyed by principalia class (for girls and
approach, known as machine boys)
learning, is now widely used in Al
research. UNIVERSITIES
● Colegio de San Ildefonso - Cebu
● Colegio de San Ignacio - Manila
3.0 INTRODUCTION TO NATION BUILDING
● Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Rosario -
Manila
● Colegio de San José - Manila
3.1 PRE-COLONIAL (BEGINNING)
MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
METAL AGE ● Most developed science-based
● significant influence in the lives of early profession
filipinos ● UST - highest institution
● Interpret movements of heavenly bodies
for predicting seasons and climates MANILA OBSERVATORY
● Stone for making simple tools and ● Founded by Jesuits to promote
weapons meteorological studies (the study of
● Weaved cottons, glass ornaments weather)
● Baybayin as a writing system ● Fr. Federico Laura issues the first public
● Scientific and Technological typhoon warning
development in the philippines began in
this period After the regime, the country evolved to the
● Early filipino settlers were already using primary agricultural exporting economy.
certain plants and herbs as medicines Powerhouse in terms of trades and industry.
● Early filipinos had also developed
different modes of transportation,
whether terrestrial or maritime 3.3 AMERICAN COLONIAL (EXTENSIVE
● Banaue Rice terraces EDUCATION)
○ Complicated engineering feat
achieved by the natives of the
cordilleras built by hand ● Modernized almost all aspect of life in
○ People were able to cultivate the Philippines
crops on the mountain sides in ● Established a government agency, the
cold temperature Bureau of Science for the sole purpose of
nurturing development in the field of
science and technology
3.2 SPANISH COLONIAL (FORMAL ● Science during this period was inclined
EDUCATION) towards agriculture, food processing,
medicine and pharmacy
● Discipline, academics, formal science and ● National Research Council of the
technology Philippines (1933)

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● They established public education Science and Technology

system (scholarships) and improved the ● August 8, 1988: created the Presidential
engineering works and the health Task Force for Science and Technology
condition of the people ● Executive Order No. 128 abolished R.A No.
● Science based public services 3859, also known as the “Philippine
● Promoted higher education in science Inventors Incentive Act”.
through University of the Philippines ● PISA, DOST,
● Replaced Bureau of Science with ● R.A 6655 - free education
Institute of Science as primary research
center FIDEL V. RAMOS
● Science Act of 1958 ● 1993 - STAND (Science, Technology
Agenda for National Development)
○ Magna Carta for Science and
3.4 POST COLONIAL
Technology Personnel
○ Science and Technology
MARCOS ERA scholarship law of 1994
● One of the presidents who ushered in ○ Inventors and Inventions
advance meant in science and incentives act
technology ● R.A No. 8293 or the Philippines
● Many agencies in science and Intellectual Act
technology were established and
strengthened JOSEPH ESTRADA
● Presidential Decree No. s. 1972 - ● RA 8749: The Philippine Clean Act of 1999
established PAG-ASA ● RA 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of
● DEPED (DECS before) 2000
● National Academy of Science and ● RA 8439: Enhancement of Research and
Technology (NAST) ; and the Development Fund
reconstituted National Science and
Technology Authority (originally GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
established in 1958 as the National ● Golden Age of Science and Technology
Science of Development Board and now ● RA 9637 or the Biofuels Act of 2006
the Department of Science and ● RA 10055 or Philippine Technology
Technology or DOST) Transfer Act of 2009
● Light Rail Transit (LRT) - July 12, 1980 ● RA 10601
● PAG-ASA ● RA 9367 - An act to direct the use of
● Training and scholarship were awarded biofuels
● Other agencies established
○ Philippine National Oil Company BENIGNO AQUINO III
○ International Rice Research ● Named new national scientists
Institute ○ Gavino C. Trono - Seaweed
○ Philippine Coconut Research Species (Marine Biology)
Institute ○ Angel C. Alcala - Biology Research
(Biological Science)
○ Ramon C. Barba - Flowering of
3.5 FIFTH REPUBLIC
Mango (Horticulture)
○ Edgardo D. Gomez - Coral Reefs
CORAZON AQUINO (Marine Biology)
● 1986: National Science and Technology ● Valley Fault System Atlas
was replaced by the Department of ● K-12 curriculum (STEM)

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(15) economy
4.0 NATION BUILDING 7. Labour market
efficiency (9)
8. Financial market
FAGOYINBO (2013) sophistication (9)
● “the word nation is often used 9. Technological readiness
anonymously with state, as in United (8)
Nations. But a state is more properly the 10. Market Size ( 2)
governmental apparatus by which a
nation rules itself” INNOVATION &
PROF. GAMBARI (2008) SOPHISTICATION FACTORS Innovation-dr
11. Business Sophistication iven
● enumerated some enumeration to
(9) economy
consider in achieving a strong nation 12. Innovation (7)
● BUILDING A POLITICAL TERRITORY
○ Territory, rules, norms, principles
and common citizenship
● BUILDING INSTITUTIONS 4.2 PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
○ Symbolizes political entity - (2017 - 2022)
institutions such as bureaucracy,
an economy, the judiciary,
universities, a civil service and a OUR VISION, OUR AMBITION
civil society organizations ● A long-term (25 years) vision for the
● BUILDING A COMMON SENSE OF Philippines
PURPOSE ● An anchor for dev’t planning across four
○ A collective imagination of administration
belonging ● A guide for engaging with int’l dev’t
partners
● A basis of unity among Filipinos
4.1 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
● It is a vision, NOT a plan
COMPETITIVENESS OF THE
PHILIPPINES
THE LIVE WE WANT
● MATATAG
THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENDA ○ Family is together
● PDP serves as a blueprint of programs ○ Time with friends
and administration’s plans for progress. ○ Work-life balance
○ Volunteering
● MAGINHAWA
12 PILLARS OF COMPETITIVENESS ○ Free from hunger and poverty
○ Secure home ownership
BASIC REQUIREMENTS ○ Good transport
1. Institutions (15) ○ Travel and vacation
2. Infrastructure (8) Factor-driven ● PANATAG
3. Macroeconomy (5) economy
4. Health and Primary ○ Enough resources for day-to-day
Education (11) needs and unexpected expenses
○ Peace and security
EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS ○ Long and healthy life
5. Higher Education and ○ Comfortable retirement
Training (8) Efficiency-dri
6. Goods market efficiency ven REALIZING THE VISION

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● Economic Growth public institutions and cultivate

● Investing on People trust in fellow Filipinos.
● Protection against Instability ● PAGBABAGO
● Clean, Efficient and Service Oriented ○ Inequality-Reducing
Government Transformation Expanding
economic opportunities and
2017-2022 PDP FRAMEWORK increasing access to these
● 2040 - matatag, maginhawa at panatag opportunities, particularly of
na buhay economic groups that used to lag
● 2022 - to lay down the foundation . for behind.
inclusive growth, a high-trust and ● PATULOY NA PAGUNLAD
resilient society, and a globally ○ Increasing Growth Potential of
competitive knowledge economy the Economy Major strategies
● MALASAKIT - enhancing the social fabric include advancing to a
○ Ensure people-centered, clean, knowledge economy and
and efficient governance accelerating the full harvest of the
○ Pursue swift and fair demographic dividend.
administration of justice Technology adoption will be
○ Promote Philippine culture and promoted and innovation
values encouraged.
● PAGBABAGO - inequality-reducing
transformation INEQUALITY
○ Expand economic opportunities ● unequal access to opportunity
○ Increase access to economic EQUALITY
opportunities ● evenly distributed tools and assistance
○ Implement strategic trade and EQUITY
fiscal policy, maintain ● custom tools that identify and address
macroeconomic stability, inequality
promote competition. JUSTICE
○ Accelerate human capital ● fixing the system that offers equal access
development to both tools and opportunities
○ Reduce vulnerability of individuals
● PATULOY NA PAGUNLAD - increasing
4.3 FOUR NATIONAL FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
growth potential
○ Promote technology adoption
○ Stimulate innovation ANGEL C. ALCALA PH.D
○ Maximize demographic dividend ● recognized for his research on the
○ Ensure peace and security ecology and diversity of Philippine
○ Accelerate strategic infrastructure amphibians and reptiles,
development ● marine biodiversity and conservation of
○ Ensure safety and build resilience marine-protected areas.
○ Ensure ecological integrity, clean ● his work has led to national policy on
and healthy environment marine no-take zones or protective areas,
which has become a model of coastal
2017-2022 PDP STRATEGIES resource management that has been
● MALASAKIT adopted by other countries
○ Enhancing the Social Fabric. The
aim is to regain peoples' trust in RAMON C. BALBA

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● he SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE

was recognized for his achievements in ● Atoy Llave
the field of plant psychology, especially ● It can travel both on land and in water. --
the induction of flowering of mango and it addresses the problems of many
micropropagation of the rapidly commuters in a flood-prone country.
multiplying of stock plants or important
crop species
EDGARDO D. GOMEZ Conclusion:
● known for his research and conservation All these and many other Filipino inventions
efforts in invertebrate biology and are continuously flourishing. It reflects the
ecology. wisdom of Filipinos in dealing with scientific
● was pivotal in the world's first knowledge and their environments
national-scale assessment of damage to
coral reefs, resulting in international
conservation initiatives such as the
GLOBAL REEFS and RISK ANALYSIS.
● GLOBAL CORAL REEF MONITORING
NETWORK AND THE INTERNATIONAL
CORAL REEF ACTION
GAVINO C. TRONO
● was cited for his outstanding
contributions in the field of tropical
marine phycology, focusing on seaweed
biodiversity

4.4 SELECTED INDIGENOUS

AEROGAS CATALYTIC COMBUSTER

● Engr. Marinto Martinez
● an anti-pollution, eco-friendly invention -
it is a fuel saver and power booster
engine device which can be practically
used on all types of internal combustion
engines like engines of Jeeps, Cars,
Trucks, Ships, and Motorcycles, and even
Gas Fired Power Plants.

SALT (Sustainable Alternative Lighting)

● Aisa Mijeno
● an environment-friendly lamp that runs
with just two tablespoons of salt and one
glass of tap water. This invention made it
possible for those who live in coastal
areas and remote barrios to have a light
source. -- The lamp is made of improved
chemical compounds, catalysts, and
metal alloys that generate electricity
when submerged in electrolytes.

PAGE CASSANDRA LEXI SIM – BSA - 1B – @CAZELUX

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