Lesson 2.

8
Name
Multiply Using Mental Math Number and Operations in Base
Essential Question How can you use mental math and properties to help Ten—4.NBT.5
you multiply numbers? MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP.1, MP.7, MP.8

Unlock
U l k the
Unlock th Problem
the Problem
P bl
Properties of Multiplication can make multiplication easier.

There are 4 sections of seats in the Playhouse

Theater. Each section has 7 groups of seats.
Each group has 25 seats. How many seats are
there in the theater?

Find 4 × 7 × 25.

4 × 7 × 25 = 4 × 25 × 7 Commutative Property

= __ × 7 Think: 4 × 25 = 100

= __ Think: 100 × 7 = 700

So, there are 700 seats in the theater.

25 seats
Stage

Math
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Talk Mathematical Practices

Try This! Use mental math and properties. How could knowing 4 × 25 help
you find 6 × 25?
A Find (6 × 10) × 10.
(6 × 10) × 10 = 6 × (10 × 10) Associative Property

= 6 × __
The Associative Property
= __ states that you can group
factors in different ways and
B Find (4 × 9) × 250. get the same product. Use
parentheses to group the
(4 × 9) × 250 = 250 × (4 × 9) Commutative Property factors you multiply first.

= (250 × 4) × 9 Associative Property

= __ × 9

= __

Chapter 2 77
More Strategies Choose the strategy that works best with the
numbers in the problems.

Examples
A Use friendly numbers. B Use halving and doubling.
Multiply. 24 × 250 Multiply. 16 × 50

Think: 24 = 6 × 4 and 4 × 250 = 1,000 Think: 16 can be divided evenly by 2.

24 × 250 = 6 × 4 × 250 16 ÷ 2 = 8 Find half of 16.

= 6 × ________ 8 × 50 = ________ Multiply.

= ________ 2 × 400 = ________ Double 400.

C Use addition. D Use subtraction.

Multiply. 4 × 625 Multiply. 5 × 398

Think: 625 is 600 plus 25. Think: 398 is 2 less than 400.
4 × 625 = 4 × (600 + 25) 5 × 398 = 5 × (400 − 2)

= (4 × 600) + (4 × 25) = (5 × ________) − (5 × 2)

= ________ + ________ = 2,000 − ________

= ________ = ________

• What property is being used in Examples C and D?

Share
Share and
and Show
Show
1. Break apart the factor 112 to find 7 × 112
by using mental math and addition.
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7 × 112 = 7 × (________ + 12)

= __________________________

= __________________________

= __________________________

78
Name

Find the product. Tell which strategy you used.

2. 4 × 6 × 50 3. 5 × 420 4. 6 × 298

Math
On Talk Mathematical Practices
On Your
Your Own
Own
Explain how using an addition
strategy is related to using a
Find the product. Tell which strategy you used. subtraction strategy.

5. 14 × 50 6. 32 × 25 7. 14 × 25 × 4

8. 4 × 15 × 25 9. 5 × 198 10. 5 × 250

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Practice: Copy and Solve Use a strategy to find the product.

11. 16 × 400 12. 3 × 31 × 10 13. 3 × 199 14. 3 × 1,021

MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICE Identify Relationships Algebra Use mental math
7
to find the unknown number.

15. 21 × 40 = 840, so 21 × 42 = _______. 16. 9 × 60 = 540, so 18 × 30 = _______.

Chapter 2 • Lesson 8 79
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

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OqnakdlRnkuhmf¤@ookhb`shnmr
Use the table for 17–19.

17. DEEPER Three thousand, forty-three people buy Arena Ticket Prices Per Game
tickets at the gate for Section N and one hundred Full 15-Game Gate
people buy tickets at the gate for Section L. How Section Season Plan Price
much money is collected for Section N and Section L K $44 $46 $48
at the gate?
L $30 $32 $35
M $25 $27 $30
MATHEMATICAL
1 N $20 $22 $25
18. PRACTICE Use Diagrams Tina and 3 of her
friends buy the full season plan for Section M.
If there are 45 games in the full season, how much WRITE Math t Show Your Work
money do they spend?

19. SMARTER When the full season

tickets first went on sale, 2,000 Full
Season tickets sold for Section N. Two
weeks after the tickets first went on
sale, another 1,500 full season tickets
were sold for Section N. How much
money was spent on full season tickets
for Section N in total? How much more
money was spent when the tickets first
went on sale than after the first two weeks?

Personal Math Trainer

20. SMARTER +
Find 6 × 407.
Show your work and explain why the
strategy you chose works best with
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

the factors.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

80 Standards Practice Book